Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method
Jonas Ltt , Dimitrios Kontaxakis Roland Bouanais , Bastien a Chopard & Elisabeth Delevoye
Computer LHTC

Science Department, University of Geneva, Switzerland EPFL, Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland e e CEA Leti, Grenoble, France

DSFD, Fargo, Thursday August 11, 2011

1 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Introduction & Objectives Human ear

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

The human ear

The cochlea serves as a mechanical spectral analyzer:

Input signal: Motion of the oval window induced by the stape
2 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Introduction & Objectives Cochlea

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

The cochlea: a spiral made of three compartments

Separated by The Basilar membrane (BM) The Reissner membrane (RM) Filled with two uids perilymph endolymph

3 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Introduction & Objectives Objectives

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Objectives

What are the roles of all these components? Numerical simulations are needed to better understand how the cochlea work

4 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Introduction & Objectives Possible mechanism

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Possible mechanism
Signaling channel: uid in the scala vestibuli (SV) Signaling transfer: from SV to SM by means of RM Mechanotransduction: organ of Corti on the BM Output signal: electrical signal carried by the cochlear nerve

5 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Introduction & Objectives Numerical approach

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Numerical approach

Complex uid-solid processes

Lattice Boltzmann model for the uid Coupled with an elastic shell model for both the BM and the RM Enforcing the interaction uid/structures Massively-parallel implementation: Palabos open source SW

Unravel the interplay between:

the membrane deformation the induced ow the geometrical factors

6 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Fluid-structure interaction Overview

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Overview: uid-structure interaction

7 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Fluid-structure interaction Overview

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Overview: ingredients of a uid-structure interaction code

8 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Fluid-structure interaction Overview

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Overview: ingredients of a uid-structure interaction code

9 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Fluid-structure interaction Overview

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Overview: ingredients of a uid-structure interaction code

10 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Fluid-structure interaction Overview

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Overview: ingredients of a uid-structure interaction code

11 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Fluid-structure interaction Overview

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Overview: ingredients of a uid-structure interaction code

12 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Fluid-structure interaction Overview

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Overview: ingredients of a uid-structure interaction code

13 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Fluid-structure interaction Overview

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Overview: ingredients of a uid-structure interaction code

14 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Fluid-structure interaction Overview

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Overview: ingredients of a uid-structure interaction code

15 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Fluid-structure interaction Global algorithm

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Implementation of uid-structure interaction

The elastic wall is modeled as a spring-bead system:

16 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Fluid-structure interaction Global algorithm

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Algorithm

Detect grid nodes that are inside the uid domain; execute lattice-Boltzmann algorithm on them. Compute uid stresses, and extrapolate to the wall particles. Compute elastic stresses at each particle. Advance particles according to Newtons law. Reconstruct an o-lattice boundary condition according to the updated wall position. If needed, initialize the new uid nodes, by extrapolating velocity, pressure and stress.

17 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Fluid-structure interaction 3D Wall

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

3D: representation of wall location

A triangular surface mesh is used to represent the wall location through a piecewise linear scheme.
18 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Fluid-structure interaction Wall elasticity model

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Wall elasticity model. The simplest case: spring model

Pair-wise spring connection with linear attractive force between particles

Stretching properties: inter-particle springs along edges.

What we get
Basic elastic properties (Young Modulus). Wave solutions.

What we dont get

Inaccurate bending properties in the macroscopic limit. No preservation of volumes (Poisson ratio is zero).
19 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Fluid-structure interaction Wall elasticity model

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

General membrane model: discretization of the elastic potential

Shearing stresses: preservation of on-membrane angles.

20 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Fluid-structure interaction Wall elasticity model

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

General membrane model: discretization of the elastic potential

Shearing stresses: preservation of areas ( Poisson Modulus).

21 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Fluid-structure interaction Wall elasticity model

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

How to construct a 3D solid model

1. Use a 3D mesh to discretize the 3rd dimension

2.

Shell model:

Use a 2D

membrane and make a linear approximation for 3rd dimension

Advantages:
No need to create a 3D mesh. More straightforward control of elastic properties.
22 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Fluid-structure interaction Wall elasticity model

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Elastic shell model: bending forces

Bending stresses: preservation of dihedral angles The behavior can be described as a PDE relating mesoscopic parameters to elasticity modulus.
23 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Validation Flow in a deformable tube

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Validation: Flow in a deformable tube

Steady state: membraneModel.avi: cubic root prole Womersley solution: artery.avi Experiments?

24 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Application Overview

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Numerical setup: Basilar vs. Reissner membrane

Case study
Case study: Reissner membrane has a forced movement, and Basilar membrane has free elastic properties. Information passes from Reissner to Basilar membrane via uid. Purpose of the study: study dierent input signals.

25 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Application Overview

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Simplied numerical setup

Restrict the ow to a rectangular cavity. Measure the deformation along a line

26 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Application First experiment

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Fully harmonic imposed movement (Movie: exp2 1)

Pressure on boundary Flow Streamlines

Streamlines connect directly downward-lid to upward-lid. Flow at bottom wall is minimal and induces only micromovement.
27 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Application Other experiments

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Other experiments: variation of the volume

Movie: exp1 1 Movie: exp1 3 Movie: exp4 1

28 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Conclusion

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Conclusions
We have a powerful uid-structure LB model We can now start simulating a more realistic cochlea geometry and study the ow pattern in the scala media and in the organ of Corti.

29 / 30

Simulation of the ow inside the cochlear duct using the Lattice Boltzmann method Conclusion

Ltt, Bouanais, Chopard et al a

Thanks for your attention

This work is supported by the HP2C Swiss program

30 / 30