INTRODUCTION Cold War is a term that been used to describe the relationship between America and the Soviet

Union. Neither side ever fought the other as the consequences would be too appalling but somehow they did fight for their beliefs using client states that fought for the beliefs on their behalf. The Cold War was the period of conflict and competition between United States and the Soviet Union and their allies. This infamous war can be track back between mid 1940s until the early of 1990s. Although the Historian like Vojtech Mastny , John Earl Haynes and Vladimir Tismneanu have not reach an agreement about the accurate date, it is quite save to say that this Cold War started once President Truman of the United States declared an anti Communist policy. Throughout the period, this two superpower played out in multiple arenas in term of military, ideology, psychology and espionage, military, industrial and technological developments including the space race which cost billions of money. The Cold War began because of a clash between two world superpowers, the United States and the USSR. These two countries were in a battle for superiority but this battle never once led to a 'hot' war as the United States and the USSR never actually fired at each other. The main reason there was such an initial clash between these superpowers is that each country had completely different ideologies. The USSR functioned in a Communist fashion and the United States operated with Capitalism. The Containment Policy came about because of these different ideologies and played a major role in the conflict between these two superpowers. Both of these countries were competing blow for blow and both of the countries strengthened their development in technology and weaponry with the space race and arms race. All of these events led up to the development of a Cold War between these two powers because each country wanted to be the superior and there was no one to compromise. They were both so adamant to

the fact that their side was greater than the other and this thought led up to the start of the Cold War. In this term paper, we will be focusing on the Cold War and its impact towards United Soviet. As we concerned, there are actually lot of country were affected by this war although there were no physical wars occurred. Among the country that badly suffered from this war are Cuba, Vietnam and Afghanistan.

Involvement of other countries in cold war The term cold war used by a Financier, Bernard Baruch in the year 1947, to describe the political relationship between the U.S. and the USSR. After that, the term is used widely to describe the situation between the two countries. Cold war which occurred between the U.S. and the USSR in the year 1947 to 1991 is not a physical war, but rather a war of nerves. American countries representing liberal democratic ideology and the USSR represented the communist ideologies compete to spread their influence over other countries and apply their understanding to countries that support them.

To achieve their goal, both countries are often seen interfere with another country. Because they are the world's great powers, it is not surprising that poor and weak countries need their help as a war ally.

We can see their involvement in the Greek War (1946-1949), Iran Crisis (1946), Berlin blockade (1948), Korean War (1950), Vietnam War (1955-1975), The Congo Crisis (1960 1966), Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) Afghanistan War (1979-1989), Cambodia, and the Angolan Civil War (1975-2002). U.S and the USSR were doing economic pressure, selective aid, diplomatic movement, propaganda, assassination, low-level military operations and proxy wars. US allies: NATO, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Chili, Afghanistan, Bolivia, Venezuela, Argentina, Peru, Mexico, Republic Dominica, Puerto Rico, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Uruguay, Greenland,

Thailand, Malaya, Japan, South Korea, Bangladesh, South Vietnam, Philippine, Taiwan, Australia, Israel and New Zealand

USSR allies: WARSAWA, Mongolia ,India, North Korea , Cuba, Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Vietnam.

From the history, we can see U.S and USSR just using the allies for their economical benefit and showing the military power they have. The two powers do not wanted to attack each other because they do not know the level of military power their opposite have. To be safe they do not attack but they develop their military weapons and said they have this and that, however some of the news just rumors. It is just psychological attack.

What triggered Cold War?

Before us knowing what triggered Cold War, we should study first what is the cause behind that trigger. After postwar, there are three super powers in this world, which are US, Britain and USSR. Britain and U.S sharing the same ideology and USSR oppose to them. So, the main issue is has no trust to each other. U.S and Britain brought the idea of liberal democracy and USSR brought the idea of Communist socialist. Their ambition is to be powerful and influencing other countries to support them. They also want to control the economy over the world. To support the statement, we can see from the events that happened after postwar. They have a lot of meeting but none of it has successful. The leaders never meet again after the first meeting (Potsdam Conference). They were sending their minister to make discussion and its always failed because the result of the meetings always unsatisfied the countries. Each country always wants more from what they had discussed. What triggered cold war? In June 1947, there is a plan called Marshall Plan. The idea is to make a plan for Europe to re-establishment of economic prosperity and it is supported by U.S. and the U.S will give economic aid. Because the government of USSR afraid the Communist strength will decline, they refused to participate. They also followed by the other communist countries. They think U.S will dominate the Europe by the (Marshal Plan) plan.

In between February and July 1949, The U.S makes another step that makes the USSR more suspicious. It was the establishment of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), The United States, Britain, France, Canada, Denmark, Portugal, Norway, Belgium, Iceland, Luxembourg, Italy, and the Netherlands were the members. West Germany, Spain, Greece, and Turkey would later join this alliance. NATO will give military protection to the alliance and they will get supply of arms by the U.S.

To counter the western, the Eastern leaders make their version of the Marshall Plan in 1949 in The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON). In February 1950, they were signing an alliance with People's Republic of China. The Warsaw Pact (military alliance) formed in 1955 joined by The Soviet Union, Albania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, East Germany, Bulgaria, Romania, and Poland.

From the events happen, the world has been divided into two blocs. Bloc Liberal democracy was lead by U.S and Communist bloc lead by USSR.

Impacts of Cold War towards USSR

United Soviet received the most effects and impacts of Cold war during the Cold War and after the Cold War. During the Hot War, Soviet Union has act aggressively by upgrading their weapon system. After the United States dropped the atomic bombs on Japan, the Soviet Union was furious. They were considerably neutral countries before this, but when the United States dropped the bombs, the Soviet Union was unhappy because of the fact that the United States had gone behind their back and secretly developed the bomb. This caused the Soviet Union to begin work on their own atomic bomb. This put the Soviet Union far behind in the arms race that developed before the Cold War, because after this happened the United States began work on their own new bomb, the hydrogen bomb. The increasing of weaponry and arms continued to feign strength throughout the pre-Cold War and during the Cold War. Even though the numbers of arms that both countries claimed to have were, for the most part, over exaggerations, the United States and Soviet Union still had an overwhelmingly and unnecessarily large amount of weapons and bombs. Behind the scenes, the Soviet regime was working on building its own atomic weapons. During the war, Soviet efforts had been limited by a lack of uranium but new supplies in Eastern Europe were found and provided a steady supply while the Soviets developed a domestic source. While American experts had predicted that the USSR would not have nuclear weapons until the mid-1950s, the first Soviet bomb was detonated on August 29, 1949, shocking the entire world. The bomb, named "Joe One" by the West, was more or less a copy of "Fat Man", one of the bombs the United States had dropped on Japan in 1945.

Both governments spent massive amounts to increase the quality and quantity of their nuclear arsenals. Both nations quickly began the development of a hydrogen bomb and the United States detonated the first of these on November 1, 1952. Again, the Soviets surprised the world by exploding a deployable thermonuclear device in August 1953 although it was not a true multistage hydrogen bomb: this weapon followed in 1955. Next, we can see that the USSR was so passionate with their competition with United States which makes them develop their technology up to the highest. With the development of new technology for both the United States and the USSR, the space race became much more important. The USSR needed to show more strength in their battle for superiority against the United States, and in October of 1957 they accomplished that by launching the Sputnik I satellite (Roland, 1181). This left the United States feeling inadequate compared to the Soviet Union. To combat this, the United States sent their own satellite into space a year later (Roland, 1181). In what ended up being a battle that the United States won in 1969, this was after the Cold War, when they put a man on the moon, until then it was an ongoing neck and neck race for superiority. A Soviet technology developed during the Cold War to keep short-range military communications secure may someday provide relief from hard-to-treat conditions such as nerve pain, intense itching, and nausea caused by chemotherapy. The Cold war against United States makes the USSR to form a Warsaw Pact. The Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance (1955 1991), or more commonly referred to as the Warsaw Pact, was a mutual defense treaty subscribed to by eight communist states in Eastern Europe. It was established at the Soviet Union's initiative and realized on 14 May 1955, in Warsaw.

In the Communist Bloc, the treaty was the military analogue of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CoMEcon), the communist (East) European Economic Community. The Warsaw Pact was the Soviet Blocs military response to West Germanys May 1955[1] integration to the NATO Pact, per the Paris Pacts of 1954. After Cold War, the USSR received the most impacts especially in term of destruction and loss of money. Billions were spent just to show their superiority. There were thousands of people died in this war even though there were no physical war really happened, but it can be proved when the USSR send their army and people to help their allies such as Cuba. Finally the most notable impacts of Cold War towards the Soviet Union were the collapsed of USSR. In December of 1991, as the world watched in amazement, the Soviet Union disintegrated into fifteen separate countries. There are separate into Russia, Georgia, Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Its collapse was hailed by the west as a victory for freedom, a triumph of democracy over totalitarianism, and evidence of the superiority of capitalism over socialism. The United States rejoiced as its formidable enemy was brought to its knees, thereby ending the Cold War which had hovered over these two superpowers since the end of World War II. Indeed, the breakup of the Soviet Union transformed the entire world political situation, leading to a complete reformulation of political, economic and military alliances all over the globe. Why did it collapse? The primary causes were political and economic and they were the result of the culture of war. The immediate cause of the Soviet collapse was economic, as the Soviet Union lost the arms race and international competition with the West. The United States

was able to profit from its imperialist exploitation of other countries, while socialism could only lose economically in that competition. By the end, the ruble collapsed as Soviet consumers turned to imports to satisfy their needs. They could not buy a good pair of leather boots or a good television set or a computer made in the Soviet Union, because all the boots and the electronics were swallowed up by military procurement. And, needless to say, there were no quality goods to export in order to balance imports. Economic factors were linked to political and psychological factors. As the Soviet economist Latsis said at the time, "the gloomy background of the worsening market situation has a depressing effect on people." Their gloom deepened as a result of policy failures such as the explosion of the Chernobyl atomic power plant and the war in Afghanistan. Another factor was the lack of honest information, the secrecy and propaganda that is central to the culture of war. As contradictions mounted the Soviet people became more and more cynical about the propaganda of government-controlled media. It was common to hear the Russian people say that you could find truth anywhere except in Pravda and the news anywhere except in Izvestia. This was exacerbated by the propaganda warfare carried out by the West in Radio Free Europe and by dissidents in self-published Samizdat.

Conclusion After the United States ended up winning the Cold War and the Soviet Union collapsed, the United States became the only world superpower and still is today. The United States became a much hated nation in the eyes of many countries because of this. Even though another superpower is building in the country of China, it seems that the world is turning away from the superpowers that it once had. There used to be four or five superpowers at a given time in the past 100 or so years, but now there is only one and it is the United States. Although the Soviet Union did collapse, it is still building and emerging as a decent country. The United States, on the other hand, has become without a doubt, the world's most powerful and dominating country. Even with the economic crisis that the United States is in right now, it could be said that the United States will be the only superpower in existence for another decade; China is almost to the point of a superpower. The Cold War proved to be one of the most important issues in the recent history. The two largest superpowers of its time went into a war without fighting, yet only one country survived.

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