ADDRESSINGMODES

TheCPUcanaccessdatainvariousways,which
arecalledaddressingmodes

Immediate

Register

Direct

RegisterIndirect

Indexed

IMMEDIATEADDRESSINGMODE

Thesourceoperandisaconstant
The immediate data must be preceded by the
poundsign,#
Can load information into any registers,
including16bitDPTRregister
DPTR can also be accessed as two 8bit
registers,thehighbyteDPHandlowbyteDPL

Ex:
MOVA,#25H;load25HintoA
MOVR4,#62;load62intoR4
MOVB,#40H;load40HintoB
MOVDPTR,#4521H;DPTR=4512H
MOVDPL,#21H;Thisisthesame
MOVDPH,#45H;asabove
MOVDPTR,#68975;illegal!!Value>65535

(FFFFH)

WecanuseEQUdirectivetoaccessimmediatedata
CountEQU30

......
MOVR4,#COUNT;R4=1EH
MOVDPTR,#MYDATA;DPTR=200H
ORG200H
MYDATA:DBAmerica

Wecanalsouseimmediateaddressingmodetosenddata
to8051ports
MOVP1,#55H

REGISTERADDRESSINGMODE

Useregisterstoholdthedatatobemanipulated

MOVA,R0;copycontentsofR0intoA
MOVR2,A;copycontentsofAintoR2
ADDA,R5;addcontentsofR5toA
ADDA,R7;addcontentsofR7toA
MOVR6,A;saveaccumulatorinR6

Thesourceanddestinationregistersmustmatchinsize
MOVDPTR,A;willgiveanerror
MOVDPTR,#25F5H
MOVR7,DPL

MOVR6,DPH

ThemovementofdatabetweenRnregistersisnot
allowed
MOVR4,R7;Isinvalid

DIRECTADDRESSINGMODE

DirectaddressingmodeisoftenusedtoaccessRAMlocations
30H7FH
Theentire128bytesofRAMcanbeaccessed
Theregisterbanklocationsareaccessedbytheregistername
MOVA,4;issameas

MOVA,R4;whichmeanscopyR4intoA

Thereisno#signintheoperand
MOVR0,40H;savecontentof40HinR0
MOV56H,A;savecontentofAin56H

Example:
Write a program to toggle P1 a total of 200 times. Use RAM
location 32H to hold your counter value instead of registers R0
R7
Solution:
MOVP1,#55H;P1=55H
MOV32H,#200;loadcountervalueintoRAMloc32H
LOOP1:CPLP1;toggleP1
ACALLDELAY
DJNZ32H,LOOP1;repeat200times

SFRRegistersandTheirAddresses

TheSFR(SpecialFunctionRegister)canbeaccessedbytheir
namesorbytheiraddresses

MOV0E0H,#55H;isthesameas
MOVA,#55h;load55HintoA
MOV0F0H,R0;isthesameas
MOVB,R0;copyR0intoB

TheSFRregistershaveaddressesbetween80HandFFH

Notalltheaddressspaceof80toFFisusedbySFR

Theunusedlocations80HtoFFHarereservedandmustnotbe
usedbythe8051programmer

Example:
Writecodetosend55HtoportsP1andP2,using
(a)theirnames
(b)theiraddresses
(a)MOVA,#55H;A=55H
MOVP1,A;P1=55H
MOVP2,A;P2=55H
(b)FromTable51,P1address=80H;P2address=A0H
MOVA,#55H;A=55H
MOV80H,A;P1=55H

MOV0A0H,A;P2=55H

StackandDirectAddressingMode

Onlydirectaddressingmodeisallowedforpushingorpopping
thestack

PUSHA;isinvalid

Pushingtheaccumulatorontothestackmustbecodedas
PUSH0E0H

Example:
ShowthecodetopushR5andAontothestackandthenpopthem
backthemintoR2andB,whereB=AandR2=R5

Solution:
PUSH05;pushR5ontostack
PUSH0E0H;pushregisterAontostack
POP0F0H;poptopofstackintoB
;nowregisterB=registerA
POP02;poptopofstackintoR2
;nowR2=R6

RegisterIndirectAddressingMode

Aregisterisusedasapointertothedata
OnlyregisterR0andR1areusedforthis
purpose
R2R7cannotbeusedtoholdtheaddressof
anoperandlocatedinRAM
WhenR0andR1holdtheaddressesofRAM
locations,theymustbeprecededbythe@
sign

MOVA,@R0;movecontentsofRAMwhose
;addressisheldbyR0intoA
MOV@R1,B;movecontentsofBintoRAM
;whoseaddressisheldbyR1

Example:
Writeaprogramtocopythevalue55HintoRAM
memorylocations40Hto41Husing
(a)directaddressingmode,
(b) register indirect addressing mode without a
loop,and
(c)withaloop

(a)
MOVA,#55H;loadAwithvalue55H
MOV40H,A;copyAtoRAMlocation40H
MOV41H.A;copyAtoRAMlocation41H
(b)
MOVA,#55H;loadAwithvalue55H
MOVR0,#40H;loadthepointer.R0=40H
MOV@R0,A;copyAtoRAMR0pointsto
INCR0;incrementpointer.
MOV@R0,A;copyAtoRAMR0pointsto

(c)
MOVA,#55H;A=55H
MOVR0,#40H;loadpointer.R0=40H,
MOVR2,#02;loadcounter,R2=3
AGAIN:MOV@R0,A;copy55toRAMR0pointsto
INCR0;incrementR0pointer
DJNZR2,AGAIN;loopuntilcounter=zero

Theadvantageisthatitmakesaccessingdatadynamic
ratherthanstaticasindirectaddressingmode
Loopingisnotpossibleindirectaddressingmode

Example54
Writeaprogramtoclear16RAMlocationsstartingatRAM
address60H
Solution:
CLRA;A=0
MOVR1,#60H;loadpointer.R1=60H
MOVR7,#16;loadcounter,R7=16
AGAIN:MOV@R1,A;clearRAMR1pointsto
INCR1;incrementR1pointer
DJNZR7,AGAIN;loopuntilcounter=zero

Example:
Writeaprogramtocopyablockof10bytesofdatastartingfrom35Htoamemory
Locationstartingfrom60H
Solution:
MOVR0,#35H;sourcepointer
MOVR1,#60H;destinationpointer
MOVR3,#10;counter
BACK:MOVA,@R0;getabytefromsource
MOV@R1,A;copyittodestination
INCR0;incrementsourcepointer
INCR1;incrementdestinationpointer
DJNZR3,BACK;keepdoingfortenbytes

R0andR1aretheonlyregistersthatcanbeusedforpointers
inregisterindirectaddressingmode
SinceR0andR1are8bitswide,theiruseislimitedtoaccess
anyinformationintheinternalRAM
WhetheraccessingexternallyconnectedRAMoronchip
ROM,weneed16bitpointer
Insuchcase,theDPTRregisterisused

IndexedAddressingModeandOn
chipROMAccess

Indexedaddressingmodeiswidelyusedinaccessing
dataelementsoflookuptableentrieslocatedinthe
programROM
Theinstructionusedforthispurposeis

MOVCA,@A+DPTR

UseinstructionMOVC,Cmeanscode
The contents of A are added to the 16bit register
DPTRtoformthe16bitaddressoftheneededdata

Example:

MOVCA,@A+DPTR;getthenextchar

Inthisprogram,assumethatthewordUSAis
burnedintoROMlocationsstartingat200H.And
thattheprogramisburnedintoROMlocations
startingat0.Analyzehowtheprogramworksand
statewhereUSAisstoredafterthisprogramis
run.

MOVR1,A;saveitinR1

Solution:

MOVR2,A;saveitinR2

ORG0000H;burnintoROMstartingat0

Here:SJMPHERE;stayhere

MOVDPTR,#200H;DPTR=200Hlookuptableaddr

;Dataisburnedintocodespacestartingat200H

CLRA;clearA(A=0)

ORG200H

MOVCA,@A+DPTR;getthecharfromcodespace

MYDATA:DBUSA

MOVR0,A;saveitinR0

END;endofprogram

INCDPTR;DPTR=202pointtonextchar
CLRA;clearA(A=0)
MOVCA,@A+DPTR;getthenextchar

INCDPTR;DPTR=201pointtonextchar
CLRA;clearA(A=0)

Thelookuptableallowsaccesstoelementsofa
frequentlyusedtablewithminimumoperations

Example:

BACK:MOVA,P1;GETX

Writeaprogramtogetthexvalue
fromP1andsendx2toP2,
continuously
Solution:

MOVA,@A+DPTR;GETX
;SQAURE
;FROMTABLE
MOVP2,A;ISSUEITTOP2
SJMPBACK;KEEPDOINGIT

ORG0

ORG300H

MOVDPTR,#300H;LOADTABLEADDRESS
MOVA,#0FFH;A=FF

XSQR_TABLE:DB
0,1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81

MOVP1,A;CONFIGUREP1INPUTPORT

END

IndexedAddressingModeand
MOVX

In many applications, the MOVDPTR,#CONST

size of program code does MOVXA,@DPTR
not leave any room to share
the 64Kbyte code space Inmanyapplicationsweuse
RAMlocations307FHas
withdata
scratchpad
The 8051 has another 64K
bytes of memory space set WeuseR0R7ofbank0
aside exclusively for data Leaveaddresses81FHfor
storage
stackusageIfweneedmore
This data memory space is
referred to as external
memory and it is accessed
onlybytheMOVXinstruction

registers,wesimplyuse
RAMlocations307FH

BitAddresses

Many microprocessors allow

programtoaccessregistersand
I/Oportsinbytesizeonly
However, in many applications
weneedtocheckasinglebit
One unique and powerful
feature of the 8051 is singlebit
operation

addressable

Singlebit instructions allow the

programmertoset,clear,move,
and complement individual bits
ofaport,memory,orregister
It is registers, RAM, and I/O
portsthatneedtobebit

ROM,holdingprogramcodefor
execution,
is
not
bit
addressable
The bitaddressable
locationare20Hto2FH

These16bytesprovide128bits
ofRAMbitaddressability,since
168=128

RAM

0to127(indecimal)or00to
7FH

The first byte of internal RAM

location 20H has bit address 0
to7H

Thelastbyteof2FHhasbitaddress78Hto
7FH
InternalRAMlocations202FHarebothbyte
addressableandbitaddressable

Bitaddress007FHbelongtoRAMbyteaddresses
202FH
Bitaddress80F7HbelongtoSFRP0,P1,

Toavoidconfusionregardingtheaddresses007FH
The128bytesofRAMhavethebyteaddressesof007FH
canbeaccessedinbytesizeusingvariousaddressingmodes
Directandregisterindirect
The16bytesofRAMlocations202FHhavebitaddressof00
7FH
Wecanuseonlythesinglebitinstructionsandthese
instructionsuseonlydirectaddressingmode
Instructionsthatareusedforsignalbitoperationsareas
following