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INTRODUCTION
Temporary devices:
• Surgical dressings
• Sutures
• Adhesives
• Tendons
• Reinforcing meshes
• Heart valves
• Tubular devices
• Artificial heart
According to a soon-to-be-released updated report from Business
Communications Company, Inc. the U.S. biocompatible materials market is
MARKET DATA
Biocompatibility:
Acceptance of an artificial important by the surrounding tissue and by the
body as a whole.
Polymer Purity :
Industrial reins are highly variable in nature from manufacture to
manufacturer. A variety of other materials incidental to the polymer process such
as residual initiators, initiator fragments, solvents, plasticizers, trapped free
radicals, inhibitors, lubricants, heat sand light stabilizers, fillers, parting agents,
anti oxidants, degradation products, curing agents, residual monomers and allow
Stability:
Bioactive polymers should not be adversely affected by the normal
physiological environment. No biodegradation that could compromise function
over the short or long term should occur, and no process should release toxic to the
environment.
Tolerability:
Bioactive polymers should not exhibit toxic or irritant qualities, or elicit
adverse physiological responses locally or systemically. Toxicity can also be
affected by the rate of release of the substance and the biological processing and
removal of the substance.
Sterilizability:
The physical, chemical, mechanical and biochemical characteristics of the
device or material must not undergo any change during sterilization. This is often
not as easy as it may seem. Light, heat, radiation, or chemical treatment may be
used during this process.
Your heart is the engine inside your body that keeps everything running. Basically,
the heart is a muscular pump that maintains oxygen and blood circulation through
your lungs and body. In a day, your heart pumps about 2,000 gallons of blood.
Like any engine, if the heart is not well taken care of it can break down and pump
less efficiently, a condition called heart failure.
Until recently, the only option for many severe heart failure patients has been heart
transplants. However, there are only slightly more than 2,000 heart transplants
performed in the United States annually, meaning that tens of thousands of people
die waiting for a donor heart. On July 2, 2001, heart failure patients were given
new hope as surgeons at Jewish Hospital in Louisville, Kentucky, performed the
first artificial heart transplant in nearly two decades. The AbioCor Implantable
Replacement Heart is the first completely self-contained artificial heart and is
expected to at least double the life expectancy of heart patients.
A heart-lung bypass machine can be used for major operations but it could
not be used to keep a patient alive who has a long-term lung problem or while
their lungs are recovering from some form of damage. Also, an artificial ventilator
will not be of any use if the patient's lungs are unable to take in the oxygen
required.
To try and solve this problem, the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center,
in the United States, is developing an artificial lung that can sit inside a blood
vessel and oxygenate blood as it moves past a series of porous membrane tubes
attached to an external oxygen supply.
Advantages
• The bioactive polymers must be capable of good response from body
surrounding body tissue.
• They will not cause of inflammation.
• They will not produce infection.
• They will not responsible for thrombogenesis.
• No adverse immunological response or neoplasm induction or promotion.
• The artificial heart and valve, kidney, lung saves the life of the patient by
improving the function of organ.
Disadvantages
• Sometimes growth of bacteria takes place on the surface of implant.
• Implant will be cause of cancer due to foreign body reaction.
• Bioprosthetic valve fail due to calcification (Calcium from the blood
stream form deposits on the implant).
• Bioprosthetic valves are also susceptible to mechanical fatigue.
Artificial heart, kidney, lung is more expensive and also involves great
risk of life.
Scope
Recent advance in material science and surgery now make it possible to
rebuild many parts of the human body.
Some polymers have mechanical properties that resemble those of natural
tissues, making them suitable as bioactive polymers.
Polymer engineering coupled genetic engineering to produced material that
interact and control biological system.
The synthetic polymer industry has expanded and polymeric materials with
a vast spectrum of properties are available.
Conclusion
Thus ,from the discussion we concluded that
Polymers are most important and largest family of materials being used in medical
technology such as used in conventional medical technology and ,surgery and drug
delivery.
Polymers have been used in the augmentation and repair of the human body
with much success.
Bioactive polymers must be capable of being used in or on human body
without eliciting rejection response from surrounding body tissues.
They must passed stringent tests to assured that they will not cause of
inflammation, infaction, thrombogenesis, adverse immunological response of
neoplasm induction or promotion.
Bibliography
(1) Nass And Mark, “Encyclopedia of polymer Sci. & Engg.”
Vol 2, Second Edition, Pg-No. 243-280
(2) Nass And Mark, “Encyclopedia of polymer Sci. & Engg.”
Vol 9, Second Edition, Pg-No. 459-461,488-491
(3) J.A.Brydson “Plastics materials.” Sixth Edition,
Mar-Apr 1999, Pg-No. 345-370
Web Sites
http://www.expasy.ch/spdbv/mainpage.htm.
http://www.msi.com.
http://www.povray.org.
http://www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca/faculty/brook/bio.html
http://www.uroplasty.com/
http://www.biomedical.com/
CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Market Data
• Bioactive polymers
• Scope
• Conclusion
• Bibliography