Lucky Luke Sous le Ciel de l'Ouest (1952), cover of an early softcovered issue.

Publication information Publisher Lucky Comics (French) Cinebook Ltd (English) First appearance Le Journal de Spirou Almanach #47, December 7, 1946 Created by Morris Lucky Luke is a Franco-Belgian comics series created by Belgian cartoonist, Maurice De Bevere better known as Morris, the original artist, and was for one period written by Ren Goscinny. Set in the American Old West, it stars the titular character, Lucky Luke, the cowboy known to shoot faster than his shadow. Along with The Adventures of Tintin and Asterix, Lucky Luke is one of the most popular and best-selling comic-book series in continental Europe.[1] Popular in Canada, about half of the series' adventures have been translated into English. Lucky Luke comics have been translated into 23 languages, including many European languages, some African and Asian languages. Publication history First appearance of Lucky Luke and Jolly Jumper in Arizona 1880 (1946) Both a tribute to the mythic Old West and an affectionate parody, the comics were created by the Belgian artist Morris who drew Lucky Luke from 1946 until his death in 2001. The first Lucky Luke adventure named Arizona 1880 appeared in the Almanach issue of the comics magazine Le Journal de Spirou on December 7, 1946.[2] After several years of solitary work on the strip, Morris began a collaboration with Ren Goscinny who became the series' writer for a period that is considered the golden age of the series. This started with the story Des rails sur la Prairie published on August 25, 1955 in Spirou.[3] Ending a long run of serial publications in Spirou, the series shifted to Goscinny's magazine Pilote in 1967 with the story La Diligence, subsequently leaving publisher Dupuis for Dargaud. After the death of Goscinny in 1977, several writers have tried to fill the role of storyteller, including Vicq, Bob de Groot, Jean Lturgie and Lo Hartog Van Banda. In addition to continuing the series, Morris started the related spin-off series Rantanplan in 1987. At the 1993 Angoulme International Comics Festival, Lucky Luke was given an honorary exhibition.[4] After Morris' death in 2001, French artist Achd continued drawing new Lucky Luke stories in collaboration with writer Laurent Gerra. Lucky Luke comics have been translated into Afrikaans, Arabic, Bosnian, Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, German, Greek, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Italian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (both in the Brazilian and Portuguese forms), Serbian , Spanish, Swedish, Tamil, Turkish, Vietnamese and Welsh. [edit]The stories Luke, a wandering cowboy capable of drawing a gun faster than his shadow, fights crime and injustice, most often in the form of the bumbling Dalton brothers, Joe, William, Jack

and Averell, and sometimes even their mother, Ma Dalton. He rides Jolly Jumper, "the smartest horse in the world" and is often accompanied by Rantanplan, "the stupidest dog in the universe", a spoof of Rin Tin Tin, usually guarding the Dalton brothers at their jail yet never preventing them from escaping. He refuses to smell the Daltons' clothes, and acts as a reverse indicator to the Daltons' whereabouts. In the albums, Luke meets many factual Western figures like Calamity Jane, Billy the Kid, Judge Roy Bean and Jesse James's gang, and takes part in historical endeavours such as the guarding of Wells Fargo stagecoaches, the Pony Express, the building of the first transcontinental telegraph, the Rush into the Unassigned Lands of Oklahoma, and a tour by French actress Sarah Bernhardt. Some of the books feature a one-page article offering an historical perspective of the events featured. Goscinny once said that he and Morris tried to base the Lucky Luke adventures on real events whenever possible, but that they would not let historical facts get in the way of a funny story. The chronology of the albums is deliberately murky, and in most albums no particular year is given. The villains and incidental characters based on real persons lived over most of the mid- to late-19th century. For example, in the album Daily Star, Lucky Luke meets a young Horace Greeley, prior to moving to New York. Although no year is mentioned in the album, this story must take place circa 1830, since the real Horace Greeley moved to New York in 1831. Judge Roy Bean, who was appointed judge in 1882, appears in another album, taking place some fifty years later and in another album, Lucky Luke takes part in the 1892 Coffeyville shootout against the Dalton Gang. Lucky Luke himself is, of course, always the same age. "Except for the first album, Lucky Luke has never killed any opponent but still, he seemed to carry along a heavy burden, never committing to anything or anybody, and always riding off into the sunset." [5] At the end of each story, except the earliest, Lucky Luke rides off alone into the sunset on Jolly Jumper, singing (in English) "I'm a poor lonesome cowboy, and a long way from home...". [edit]Jesse James In 1969, Morris and writer Ren Goscinny (co-creator of Asterix) had Lucky Luke confronting Jesse James, his brother Frank James and Cole Younger. The adventure poked fun at the image of Jesse as a new Robin Hood. Although he passes himself off as such and does indeed steal from the rich (who are, logically, the only ones worth stealing from), he and his gang take turns being "poor," thus keeping the loot for themselves. Frank quotes from Shakespeare, and Younger is portrayed as a fun-loving joker, full of good humor. One critic has likened this version of the James brothers as "intellectual bandits, who won't stop theorising about their outlaw activities and hearing themselves talk."[6] In the end, the at-first-cowed people of a town fight back against the James gang and send them packing tar and feathers. - Note the parodic depictions of the Pinkertons. [edit]Smoking "Lucky Luke's famous cigarette not only identifies a profile but allows the tempo to be modified and extended, expressing a feeling: in Le Pied-tendre (The Tenderfoot), Morris shows Lucky Luke's feelings at the death of a friend in a series of three frames in which the hero rolls and spills a cigarette."[7] Morris, who has been criticized over Lucky Luke's cigarette for a long time, answered his critics : "the cigarette is part of the character's profile, just like the pipe of Popeye or

Maigret".[8] It is claimed that, Morris was forced to remove cigarettes Lucky Luke smokes from his strip and Lucky Luke who "used to be a heavy smoker", had to give up smoking for "commercial reasons", "apparently to gain access to the American market". [7][9][10] "On World No Tobacco Day in 1989, the magazine Spirou published a militantly anti-tobacco issue." [7] Morris won an award from the World Health Organization in 1988 when he replaced Luke's omnipresent cigarette with a wisp of straw in 1983, "an anti-cigarette poster today proclaims "Even Lucky Luke can't stand them!" and shows the happy cowboy in a radical reversal of his image".[7][11][12] In the 2007 animated film "Tous l'Ouest: Une aventure de Lucky Luke", Lucky Luke is seen using what appears to be a nicotine patch and mentions that before that he had to "chew on a piece of straw for a while" right after he quit smoking. In the story "The bridge over the Mississipi", he is seen rolling a cigarette again, although he claims it was just to hide his bored. Stereotypes Some of the humour in Lucky Luke is based on clichs and stereotypes, including many ethnic stereotypes of "sneaky" Chinese or "lazy" Mexicans,[5] Native Americans, Irish and Italians[10] as well as "darky" depictions of Afro-Americans. According to the Forbidden Planet (bookstore) correspondent: "They played on the clichs of the genre, with humour that nowadays probably would be considered quite racist (lazy Mexicans, sneaky Chinese), but also with a special sort of being satire, mirroring contemporary social platitudes." [5] Lucky Luke himself however, treats everyone with respect and protects any (stereotype-or-not) vulnerable person against injustice. [edit]Lucky Luke characters of non-fiction origin Roy Bean Sarah Bernhardt Billy the Kid Black Bart Buffalo Bill Ike Clanton Newman Haynes Clanton Dalton Gang Edwin Drake James B. Eads Virgil, Morgan & Wyatt Earp Horace Greeley Hatfield & McCoy Rutherford B. Hayes Doc Holliday Frank James Jesse James Calamity Jane Abraham Lincoln Jack London George Maledon Joshua Norton Isaac C. Parker

Allan Pinkerton Frederic Remington Mattie Silks Soapy Smith Belle Starr Mark Twain Nick Wilso Lucky Luke in other media French DVD cover for the Terence Hill film [edit]Animation Four theatrical animated films were created. In 1990, Disney released one of them, The Ballad of the Daltons, on VHS. Three of the movies were part of a trilogy. The first of the films was titled Daisy Town (1971), followed by La Ballade des Dalton (1978) and finished by Les Dalton en cavale (1983), meaning The Daltons on the Loose in English. In addition to the theatrical animated movies, there was also an animated Lucky Luke television series: In 1983, Hanna-Barbera studios and Morris released 26 episodes, and in 1991, 26 more episodes were released. In 2001, Xilam produced a new series of 52 episodes known as Les Nouvelles aventures de Lucky Luke (Lucky Luke's new adventures). It is now available on 8 DVDs with French and English audio tracks. This series also featured colonel Custer, in this incarnation an Indian-hater and a dwarf. Xilam recently produced a theatrical animated film (the fourth film), Tous l'Ouest: Une aventure de Lucky Luke (Go West: A Lucky Luke Adventure), which was released in France on December 5, 2007.[13] [edit]Live-action film and television In 1991, two films (Lucky Luke and Lucky Luke 2) and in 1992 a television series (The Adventures of Lucky Luke) starring Terence Hill as Lucky Luke were produced. In 2004 the film Les Dalton featured Til Schweiger as Lucky Luke. In 2009, Yves Marmion and UGC, the producers of Les Dalton, produced the film Lucky Luke starring French comedian Jean Dujardin as the gunslinger. The film was released on October 21, 2009 in Europe. [edit]Video games Over the years, several Lucky Luke video games were released for many platforms, most of them by Infogrames, and only released in Europe (the only ones released for the North American market were the Game Boy Color and PlayStation versions). A Lucky Luke game was also developed for mobile phones by The Mighty Troglodytes.[citation needed] Lucky Luke: Go West was released in Europe for the PC, Nintendo Wii and Nintendo DS in the end of 2007. [edit]iPhone Lucky Luke (l'homme de Washington) has been released on iPhone by Ave!Comics in December 2008. It was the first time ever a Franco-Belgian comics series appeared on a mobile phone. 1. La Mine d'or de Dick Digger, 1949 (Dick Digger's Gold Mine) 2. Rodo, 1949 3. Arizona, 1951 4. Sous le ciel de l'Ouest, 1952 (Under the Western Sky)

5. Lucky Luke contre Pat Poker, 1953 (Lucky Luke versus Pat Poker) 6. Hors-la-loi, 1954 (Outlaw) 7. L'lixir du Dr Doxey, 1955 (Dr Doxey's Elixir) 8. Lucky Luke contre Phil Defer, 1956 (Phil Defer a French play on Fil de Fer - Iron Wire) 10. Alerte aux Pieds Bleus, 1958 (Beware of the Bluefoots) [edit]By Morris & Goscinny (1957-1986) [edit]Dupuis Publishing 9. Des rails sur la Prairie, 1957 (Rails on the Prairie) 11. Lucky Luke contre Joss Jamon, 1958 (Lucky Luke versus Joss Jamon) 12. Les Cousins Dalton, 1958 (The Dalton Cousins) 13. Le Juge, 1959 (The Judge) 14. Rue sur l'Oklahoma, 1960 (The Oklahoma Run) 15. L'vasion des Dalton, 1960 (The Daltons Escape) 16. En remontant le Mississippi, 1961 (Travelling Up The Mississippi) 17. Sur la piste des Dalton, 1962 (On the Daltons' Trail) 18. l'ombre des derricks, 1962 (In the Shadow of the Derricks) 19. Les Rivaux de Painful Gulch, 1962 (The Rivals of Painful Gulch) 20. Billy the Kid, 1962 21. Les Collines noires, 1963 (The Black Hills) 22. Les Dalton dans le blizzard, 1963 (The Daltons in the Blizzard) 23. Les Dalton courent toujours, 1964 (The Daltons Always On The Run) 24. La Caravane, 1964 (The Wagon Train ) 25. La Ville fantme, 1965 (Ghost Town) 26. Les Dalton se rachtent, 1965 (The Daltons Redeem Themselves) 27. Le Vingtime de cavalerie, 1965 (The 20th of the Cavalry) 28. L'Escorte, 1966 (The Escort) 29. Des barbels sur la prairie, 1967 (Barbed Wire on the Prairie) 30. Calamity Jane, 1967 31. Tortillas pour les Dalton, 1967 (Tortillas for the Daltons) [edit]Dargaud Publishing 32. La Diligence, 1968 (The Stagecoach) 33. Le Pied-tendre, 1968 (The Tenderfoot) 34. Dalton City, 1969 35. Jesse James, 1969 36. Western Circus, 1970 37. Canyon Apache, 1971 (Apache Canyon) 38. Ma Dalton, 1971 39. Chasseur de primes, 1972 (The Bounty Hunter) 40. Le Grand Duc, 1973 (The Grand Duke) 41. L'Hritage de Rantanplan, 1973 (Rantanplan's Inheritance) 42. 7 histoires compltes - srie 1, 1974 (7 Full Stories - Series 1) 43. Le Cavalier blanc, 1975 (The Dashing White Cowboy) 44. La Gurison des Dalton, 1975 (The Daltons' Cure) 45. L'Empereur Smith, 1976 (Emperor Smith) 46. Le Fil qui chante, 1977 (The Singing Wire)

HS. La Ballade des Dalton, 1978 (The Daltons' Ballad) 50. La Corde du pendu, 1981 (The Rope of the Hanged) 51. Daisy Town, 1983 55. La Ballade des Dalton et autres histoires, 1986 (The Dalton's Ballad and Other Stories) [edit]By Morris and various writers (1980-2002) [edit]Dargaud Publishing 47. Le Magot des Dalton, 1980, by Vicq (The Daltons' Loot) 48. Le Bandit manchot, 1981, by Bob de Groot (The One-Armed Bandit) 49. Sarah Bernhardt, 1982, by Jean Lturgie and Xavier Fauche 52. Fingers, 1983, by Lo Hartog Van Banda 53. Le Daily Star, 1983, by Jean Lturgie and Xavier Fauche (The Daily Star) 54. La Fiance de Lucky Luke, 1985, by Guy Vidal (Lucky Luke's Fiancee) 56. Le Ranch maudit, 1986, by Jean Lturgie, Xavier Fauche and Claude Guylouis (The Cursed Ranch) 57. Nitroglycrine, 1987, by Lo Hartog Van Banda 58. L'Alibi, 1987, by Claude Guylouis (The Alibi) 59. Le Pony Express, 1988], by Jean Lturgie and Xavier Fauche (The Pony Express) [edit]Lucky Productions 60. L'Amnsie des Dalton, 1991, by Jean Lturgie and Xavier Fauche (The Daltons' Amnesia) 61. Chasse aux fantmes, 1992, by Lo Hartog Van Banda (Ghosthunt) 62. Les Dalton la noce, 1993, by Jean Lturgie and Xavier Fauche (The Daltons at a Wedding) 63. Le Pont sur le Mississippi, 1994, by Jean Lturgie and Xavier Fauche (Bridge Over The Mississippi) 64. Kid Lucky, 1995, by Pearce and Jean Lturgie 65. Belle Star, 1995, by Xavier Fauche 66. Le Klondike, 1996, by Yann and Jean Lturgie (The Klondike) 67. O.K. Corral, 1997, by Eric Adam and Xavier Fauche 68. Oklahoma Jim, 1997, by Pearce and Jean Lturgie 69. Marcel Dalton, 1998, by Bob de Groot [edit]Lucky Comics 70. Le Prophte, 2000, by Patrick Nordmann (The Prophet) 71. L'Artiste peintre, 2001, by Bob de Groot (The Painter) 72. La Lgende de l'Ouest, 2002, by Patrick Nordmann (The Legend Of The West) [edit]By Achd & Gerra (Since 2004) [edit]Lucky Comics 73. La Belle Province, 2004 (The Beautiful Province) 74. La Corde au cou, 2006 (The Noose) 75. L'Homme de Washington, 2008 (The man from Washington) [edit]By Achd, Benacquista & Pennac (Since 2010)[14] Lucky Comics 76. Lucky Luke contre Pinkerton, 2010 (Lucky Luke vs Pinkerton) [edit]English translations

Apart from the collections mentioned below, Lucky Luke comics were published in British comic book magazines such as Film Fun Comic or Giggle (in 1967). The Giggle version had Luke's name changed to "Buck Bingo".[15] Cinebook Ltd have been publishing English language translations of Lucky Luke since 2006. One new volume is released every two months. In India only, Euro Books, a division of Euro Kids International Ltd. published English versions of 24 Lucky Luke titles in 2009. Brockhampton Press (UK) Jesse James, 1972 The Stagecoach, 1972 Knight Books (UK) The Stagecoach, 1976 Apache Canyon, 1977 Dargaud USA and Canada The Stage Coach, USA, 1980s The Greenhorn, USA, 1980s Dalton City, USA, 1980s Jesse James, USA, 1980s Western Circus, USA, 1980s Ma Dalton, USA, 1980s The Dalton Brothers' Analyst, Canada, 1982 Curing the Daltons, Canada, 1982 Fantasy Flight (US) The Stage Coach, 1990s Jesse James, 1990s Ravette Books (UK) The Dalton Brothers Memory Game, 1991 Glo'worm (UK) Calamity Jane, 1998 Dalton City, 1998 Ma Dalton, 1999 Jesse James, 1998 The Tenderfoot, 1999 Western Circus, 2000 The Dashing White Cowboy, 2000 Cinebook Ltd 1. Billy The Kid, 2006, ISBN 1905460112 2. Ghost Town, 2006, ISBN 1905460120 3. Dalton City, 2006, ISBN 1905460139 4. Jesse James, 2006, ISBN 1905460147 5. In the Shadow of the Derricks, 2007, ISBN 1905460171 6. Ma Dalton, 2007, ISBN 9781905460182 7. Barbed Wire on the Prairie, 2007, ISBN 9781905460243 8. Calamity Jane, 2007, ISBN 9781905460250 9. The Wagon Train, 2008, ISBN 9781905460403 10. Tortillas for the Daltons, 2008, ISBN 9781905460496 11. Western Circus, 2008, ISBN 9781905460557

12. The Rivals of Painful Gulch, 2008, ISBN 9781905460601 13. The Tenderfoot, 2008, ISBN 9781905460656 14. The Dashing White Cowboy, 2008, ISBN 9781905460663 15. The Daltons in the Blizzard, 2009, ISBN 9781905460762 16. The Black Hills, 2009, ISBN 9781905460830 17. Apache Canyon, 2009, ISBN 9781905460922 18. The Escort, 2009, ISBN 9781905460984 19. On the Daltons' Trail, 2009, ISBN 9781849180078 20. The Oklahoma Land Rush, 2009, ISBN 9781849180085 21. The 20th Cavalry, 2010, ISBN 9781849180160 22. Emperor Smith, 2010, ISBN 9781849180269 23. A Cure for the Daltons, 2010, ISBN 9781849180344 24. The Judge, 2010, ISBN 9781849180450 25. The Stagecoach, 2010, ISBN 9781849180528 26. The Bounty Hunter, 2010, ISBN 9781849180597 27. Lucky Luke versus Joss Jamon, 2011, ISBN 9781849180719 28. The Dalton Cousins, 2011, ISBN 9781849180764 29. The Grand Duke, 2011, ISBN 9781849180832 30. The Daltons' Escape, 2011, tbc 31. Lucky Luke versus the Pinkertons, 2011, tbc 32. Rails on the Prairie, 2011, tbc Eurokids 1. The Alibi, 2009, ISBN 9788128620331 2. Ghost Hunt, 2009, ISBN 9788128620355 3. Kid Lucky, 2009, ISBN 9788128620379 4. Oklahoma Jim, 2009, ISBN 9788128620409 5. The Prophet, 2009, ISBN 9788128620416 6. Belle Star, 2009, ISBN 9788128620386 7. The Klondike, 2009, ISBN 9788128620393 8. The Pony Express, 2009, ISBN 9788128620348 9. Sarah Bernardt, 2009, ISBN 9788128620423 10. The bridge on the Mississippi, 2009, ISBN 9788128620362 11. The Hanged Mans Rope and other stories, 2009, ISBN 9788128620430 12. The Ballad of the Daltons and other stories, 2009, ISBN 9788128620560 13. Daisy Town, 2009, ISBN 9788128620447 14. Fingers, 2009, ISBN 9788128620454 15. Marcel Dalton, 2009, ISBN 9788128620461 16. The Artist, 2009, ISBN 9788128620478 17. The legend of the west, 2009, ISBN 9788128620485 18. The Daily Star, 2009, ISBN 9788128620492 19. Lucky Lukes fianc, 2009, ISBN 9788128620508 20. Nitroglycerine, 2009, ISBN 9788128620515 21. The Cursed Ranch, 2009, ISBN 978812862052 22. The Beautiful Province, 2009, ISBN 9788128620539 23. From the gallows to the altar, 2009, ISBN 9788128620546