INDUTRIAL TRAINING SYNOPSIS OF Six Months Industrial Training At PIFORD TECHNOLOGIES, MOHALI By Muskan Sharma 90680371304(CSE-7) Under the

guidance of Mr. Abhishek

Submitted to:Ms. Amrit Kaur

Table of contents: 1. Company Profile 2. Introduction: 1.1. Purpose 1.2. Scope 1.3. References 1.4. Document overview 3. Overall Description: 2.1. Product Perspective. 2.2. Product Functions 2.3. User Characteristics 2.4. Assumptions and Dependencies 4. Specific Requirements: 3.1. Functional Requirements 3.2. Non-Functional Requirements A) User Interface b) Hardware Requirements c) Software Requirements 5.0 Level DFD

COMPANY PROFILE: Piford Technology: PIFORD Technologies is a software technology group. It makes IT youth employee in the industry by empowering them with the emerging technologies has highly skilled team & provides next generation technology training to engineering students and Software companies worldwide. A pool of talent from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Institute of Management and Technology (IMT) , alumni of Infosys, Royal Bank of Scotland, Sanyo, Aricent empowers Piford group.with the help of our highly skilled experts having more than 13 years of industry experience. They build the highly skilled experts for the global IT industry requirement ,explore and enhance once potential. Recruitment: Learning at Piford makes every individual an expert in a variety of high-end technologies by giving them maximum hands-on exposure on these following technologies. MultiCore processor Programming Programming on ARM,AMD,Intel processors on Embedded Systems Digital Signal Processing & Image Processing Software Application Programming in Java Software Application Programming in .NET Software Application Programming in C/C+ Mobile Application Development on Android. Mobile Application Development on Windows Phone 7. Mobile Application Development on iPhone.
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Vision of Piford: Piford has a vision of preparing students as: Employable Top Technocrats Innovators Entrepreneurs Top Class Mentors

Software Requirement Specification

1. Introduction: This SRS Document is how to make a Media player and what are its requirements. 1.1. Purpose: This Software Requirements Specification provides a complete description of all the functions and specifications of the Media Player . It will explain the purpose and features of the player, the interfaces of the player, what the player will do, the constraints under

which it must operate and how the system will react to user. The expected audience of this document is the faculty of PifordTechnologies ,developers and the other Peers. 1.2. Scope: This player is platform independent as it can work on any OPERATING SYSTEM. It can play both audio and video files. The expected audience of this video player are people of any age-group because its use is quite easy and user friendly. This video player is reliable too. 1.3. References: http://onlinehelp.microsoft.com/en-us/bing/ff808337.aspx http://support.webex.com/support/system-requirements.html

1.4. Document Overview: It will list all the functions performed by the system. The next chapter, the Overall Description section, of this document gives an overview of the functionality of the product. It describes the informal requirements and is used to establish a context for the technical requirements specification in the next chapter. The third chapter, Requirements Specification section, of this document is written primarily for the developers and describes in technical terms the details of the functionality of the product.

Both sections of the document describe the same software product in its entirety, but are intended for different audiences and thus use different language. 2. Overall Description: 2.1. Product Perspective: This Media player would be used for entertainment. The User can listen songs along with videos. The user will be able to play the files through the internet connection by giving its URL path. Media Player is used to find and play digital media files on your computer or network, play CDs and DVDs, and stream media from the Internet. You can also rip music from audio CDs, burn CDs of your favorite music, sync media files to portable device and find and purchase content on the Internet through online store The system also contains a relational database containing a Play Lists. 2.2. Product Functions: The Player functions are more or less the same as described in the productperspective.

The Features of the Player are: 1. A Player Screen should have button Play, Stop ,Next ,Previous, Seek, Mute, Volume ,Toggle, buttons. 2. On Click of Play the selected file will start .it will have following controls: i. It will not allow any other file to play except media files. ii. It will resume the video whenever it is stop. iii. It will pause the present file being played. 3. The Stop button will stop the running media file.

4. The Next button will play the next file in the list and Previous button will play the Previous file. 5. Seek scroll bar will help to forward and backward of the video. 6. Clicking on the Mute button will turn audio off,. To turn audio back on, click the button again 7. Move the Volume slider left to decrease or right to increase the volume level. 8. It will also save the previous played files in a playlist. 9. Toggle Button will run the Video on the full screen . 10. Video Tuning button will tune the Video in fast forward and slower mode. 2.3.User characteristics: The users to this Player can be anyone. It need not require any login. It doesnt matter whether the user has the knowledge of computer or not, just he/she have to select a file ,click the Buttons and play the video .

4.Assumptions and dependencies: The Player can be used by the user of Different languages, as the user interface will be provided in Different Languages. 3. Specific Requirements: 3.1. Functional Requirements: User case : Access Media Player

In this player buttons, playlists, files, speed of the song etc would be there.Volume controls are mandatory. Balance in the speakers is required.We require that the player should play maximum no of playlists. We can record some part of the video playing on the player.

3.2. Non-Functional Requirements: Our requirement is to cut a video and then mix more than one video to play a single file. We will try to add sound effects too such as jazz, pop etc.

i. User Interface Here we can change the language used in the player such as English, French etc.
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ii. Hardware requirements:

An Internet connection with sufficient bandwidth. The videos on Bing Video stream at roughly 500 kilobits per second (kbps) Microsoft Windows 2000 or later, or Mac OS X v10.4 or later A 1 gigahertz (GHz) processor Microsoft Silver light 3 or later, or Adobe Flash Player 9 or later 512 megabytes (MB) of RAM A screen resolution of 1024 768 or higher Windows Internet Explorer 6 or later, or Firefox 3.0 or later JavaScript and cookies enabled A 16-bit sound card

iii. Software requirements: The system should have JDK 1.6.0 or above installed and the system can have any platform as java is platform independent.

5. 0 LEVEL DFD:

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Fig.0 level DFD Of Media Player

PREFACE JAVA is one of the worlds most important computer language. Many of the features first mainstreamed by JAVA are now finding their way into another language.
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This report includes the implementation of basics of Java. Here a project with JAVA Media Player is introduce in Java Media Framework to play various Media files and to provide full entertainment to the audience of the player

Table of content: 1.Company Profile: Part-1:JAVA 1.Introduction to JAVA: 1.1 Introduction 1.2 History of Java
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1.3 Java features 1.4 How Java differ from C++ 1.5 Java and Interne 1.6 Java and World Wide Web 1.7 Types of Java programs 2.Java Development Kit: 2.1 The Java virtual machine 2.2 Java environment 2.3 Impementing a Java program 3.Overveiw of Java programming: 3.1 Simple Java Program 3.2 Java Program Structure 3.3 Java Tokens 3.4 Java Statement Part-2:Mini projects 1.Guess the Random number: 1.1.Introduction. 1.2.Purpose. 1.3.Fucntion 1.4 Snapshots 2.Sound Player Demo:

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1.1Introduction 1.2Function 1.3Snapshots Part-3:SRS Document 1.Introduction: 1.1. Purpose 1.2. Scope 1.3. References 1.4. Document overview 2. Overall Description: 2.1. Product Perspective 2.2. Product Functions 2.3. User Characteristics 2.4. Assumptions and Dependencies 3. Specific Requirements: 3.1. Functional Requirements 3.2. Non-Functional Requirements A) User Interface. b) Hardware Requirements c) Software Requirements 4. Future goals

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Introduction to JAVA
Java is nothing but just an island in Indonesia or a particular blend of coffee. 1.1 Introduction:

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Java is object-oriented programming language introduced by Sun Microsystems of USA in 1991 and is based on the concepts of C and C++.The syntax of Java language is similar to C language. 1.2 History Of Java: Originally called Oak by James Gosling, Java was designed for the development of software for consumer electronic devices like TVs,VCRs,toastersetc. Java language was found to be small,secure and portable. The most striking feature of the language is that it is a platform-neutral language.Its the first language that is not tied to any particular hardware or Operating Systems.

Figure1.1: Working of Java as a cross platform language 1.3 Java Features:

Compiled and Interpreted: Either of Programing language is compiled or interpreted. Java combines both of these. First, Java Compiler translates source code into bytecodeinstruction. Secondly, Java Interpreter generates machine code that can be used by machine that is running Java Program.

Platform-Independent and Portable: Java program can be easily moved from one Computer to another, anywhere and anytime. Any change in system does not effectthe Program. Java shows Portability in two ways: First, Java Compiler generates bytecode

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instructions that can be implemented on any machine. Secondly, the size of primitive data types is machine-independent.

Object-Oriented: Java is true object-oriented language. Almost everything in Java is an Object. The Java program code and data resides in objects and classes, the sets of classes, arranged in packages, use in inheritance.

Robust:Java is strictly typed language. It checks the code at the time of compilation and interpretation. It does not have pointers and checks all arrays,string, casts of objects at run time. Java automatically de-allocate the memory by garbage collection for unused objects and not needed to do manually at end of program. It handles the error by exception handling features at the run time.

Secure: Java ensure that no viruses are communicated with applet and the absence of pointers restrict the direct memory access.The following layer take care the security :

Distributed : It supports the network applications.It has ability to share both data and programs. Java enables to access the remote objects and allow multiple user at remote locations to work on same project.

Simple, Small and Familiar: Java does not have features such as pointers, manipulation, operator overloading etc. Java does not use goto statement, or header files. Constructs like struct and union have also been removed.

Multithreaded and Interactive: It means we need not to wait to finish one task before beginning another. Eg:
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We can play game and listen to music and could download anything at same time.

1.4 How Java differ form C++ Java does not Support operator overloading. Java does not have template classes as in C++. It does not support multiple inheritance of classes. Java uses intrefaces. It does not support global variable. Every variable in Java is part of class. It does not have pointers. It does not have destructor function.

1.5 Java and Internet:

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Applets are the Java Programs that are created specially to work on the Internet. And run through a locally Java-enabled browser such as Hot java.Hence Java is known as the Internet language. 1.6 Java and World Wide Web: Java has made possible with World Wide Web to display animation, graphics, games and a wide range of special effects. Thus web has become more interactive and dynamic. 1.7 Types of Java Programs:

Applets:They run through a Java enabled browser such as netscape or internet explorer. eg: Games and visual effects.

Applications:They runs on the Computer in the Operating system of the Computer.

2.1 The Java Virtual Machine: The JVM has the interpreter component that enables communication between Java bytecode and a computers Operating System. The JVM which is a component of the runtime System, is responsible for interpreting the bytecodes and making the appropriate system level calls to the native platform. A Java Compiler generate the appropriate bytecode classes and processed and executed the runtime interpreter. Just-in-time compiler converts bytecodes into native code before executing a Java Program .

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2.2 JAVA Environment:

1. Java Development kit: The JDK contains the software and tools needed to compile,

debug and execute applets and applications written in the Java Language.Some of the versions are:Java1.0,Java 1.1,Java 2,Java 1.4.2,Java 1.6.2. It is freely available at the Sun Microsystem official website. They include. appletviewer(for viewing Java applets) javac(Java compiler) javap(java diassembler) javah(for c header files) javadoc (for creating HTML documents) jdb(Java debugger)

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2. Application Programming Interface:It includes hundreds of classes and method.

Language Support Package:immplements basic features of java. Utilities package:provide method such as date and time . Input/output package:for i/o manipulation. Networking Package:for communication to other computer through internet. AWT Package:for platform independent graphical user interface. Applet Package:to create Java applet

2.3 Impementing a Java Program: It includes: Creating a program: Compiling a program Running a program

. Overveiw Of JAVA Programming 3.1 Simple Java Program: Class Sample //class declaration { //opening brace

Public static void main(String args[ ]) //The main line { System.out.println(Hello!!); //The output line } } //The closing brace
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Output: Hello!!
Class declaration:Everything should be in a class .Sample is identifier that specifies the

name of class to be defined.

Opening And Closing Brace: Every class defination in Java begins with an opening

brace { and ends with a matching closing Brace}. The main line:
1.Public:The keyword public is an access specifier that declares the main method as

unprotected and and therefore making it aaccessible to all other classes.

2.Static:It declares this methodf as one that belongs to the entire class and not a part of any

objects of the class . The main must always be declared as static since the interpreter uses this method before any objects are created.
3.Void:The type modifier void states that the main method does not return any value but

simply prints some text to the screen.

4.The Output Line:Java is a true object oriented language,every method must be part of an

object. The println method is a member of the ut object , which is a static data member of System class.
5.Comments: Java permits both sinle line as well as multiple line commen

3.2 Java Program Structure:

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3.3 Java Tokens: Smallest individual unit in a program are known as tokens. The compilier recognizes them for building up expression and statements. Java includes five tokens.

Keywords: In Java we have 60 Keywords which we cant use as variables name such as:abstract , interface, for, false etc.

Identifiers:These are programmer-designed tokens which we use to name class or method such as: average, sum ,vehicle etc.

Literals:These are sequence of characters that represent constant values to be stored. These are : Integer, Floating point, Character, String, Boolean.

Operators: It takes one or more values and operates on them like add, subtract ,OR .

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Separator:These are symbol used to indicate where groups of code are divided and arranged like:Parentheses( ), Braces{ }, Brackets[ ], semiclon; etc.

3.4 JAVA Statement:

Summery of Java:-

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Statements Empty Statements Labeled Statements Expression Statements

Discription

Remark

Do nothing but used in program Same as c++ developing as a place holder May begin with a label must not be a Identical to c++ except their keyword use jump statements Like assignment increment/decrement and increment/decrement pre- Same as c++ post

Selection Statements Iteration Statements Jump Statements Synchronizing Statements Guarding Ststements

Select one of several control flow Same as c++ like if,if-else, switch It specify while,for looping by while,do Same as c++

It controls and ends starting and Not in c++ endins of block in the same block Handling the multithreading issues with Not available in c++

It leads to safe handling of codes Same as c++ except family which cause exceptions like try ,catch,finally

Guess the Random Number 1.Introduction:

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Guess the Random Number is a Graphic User Interface (GUI) computer game. In which the user will guess the number and that will be matched with the number generated by the computer. The clock will be running parallel with the game the maximum time for the given guess is 120 seconds. The integer number to be accepted is from 1 to 9 only. Once the user guess the correct match the message will be displayed Congratulation !! you have win X toffees. If the user score no points then Sorry !! you have win Zero toffees. 2.Purpose: The purpose of the Game is to nothing it is for entertainment and fun. 3 Functions: . The Software Requirements Specification captures all the requirements in a single document. The Guess the Random Number Game is just for entertainment.. TheGuess the random Number game is supposed to have the following features: 1. A Welcome Screen with the message Guess The Number. It should have button Play On Click of Play a new screen should open up. It should have the following Controls: a. The TextBox to enter the Name of the player. b. A button that says Click here to Continue will take the player to the playing window. c. The playing window contain different buttons for every number 0 to 9. The number which is clicked will be compare the number generated by the computer. d. If the number matches, it will display Congratulations !! you have won X toffees and on every success the number of winning toffees will increase.
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e. When 120 seconds will be passed the message box will appear saying Times !!up. f. If the player want to play again the Play again button is available otherwise clicking in Exit button will Exit the game. 4.Snapshots: 1.Welcome screen of the game.

2.Playing window of the game

3.Time up message window

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Sound Player Demo 1.Introduction: The Sound Player Demo is just a demonstration of using the audio package in Java. The user will select any audio file from the computer and the Sound Player Demo will play the sound file. If the file is found any non- audio file the player will run an error. 2.Functions: The Sound Player Demo has following Features: 1. The Select color option field let the user to change the theme of the sound player to different colors. 2. The Select file to play is the field where the selected file to be played will be displayed. 3. The Browse button will help the user to locate a file from the computer. 4. The Play button will play the selected file in the Select file to play. 5. The Loop button will play the selected file again and again. 6. The Stop button will help the user to stop the file being played. 7. The Play Listwill help the user to put the various tracks in a list and play them one by one.

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3.SnapShots:

1. The layout of the Sound Player Demo

2. Select the theme color

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3. Select the file to play on clicking Browse

4. Get the selected file on textbox

5.Error Message if the selected file is not wave file

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s Error message if selected and button is clicked the file is not Loop or Stop

Software Requirement Specification 1. Introduction: This SRS Document is how to make a video player and what are its requirements. 1.1. Purpose: This Software Requirements Specification provides a complete description of all the functions and specifications of the Media Player . It will explain the purpose and features of the player, the interfaces of the player, what the player will do, the constraints under which it must operate and how the system will react to user. The expected audience of this document is the faculty of Piford Technologies,developers and the other Peers. 1.2. Scope: This player is platform independent as it can work on any OPERATING SYSTEM. It can play both audio and video files. The expected audience of this video player are people of any age-group because its use is quite easy and user friendly. This video player is reliable too. 1.3. References: http://onlinehelp.microsoft.com/en-us/bing/ff808337.aspx http://support.webex.com/support/system-requirements.html

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1.4. Document Overview: It will list all the functions performed by the system. The next chapter, the Overall Description section, of this document gives an overview of the functionality of the product. It describes the informal requirements and is used to establish a context for the technical requirements specification in the next chapter. The third chapter, Requirements Specification section, of this document is written primarily for the developers and describes in technical terms the details of the functionality of the product. Both sections of the document describe the same software product in its entirety, but are intended for different audiences and thus use different language. 2. Overall Description: 2.1. Product Perspective: This Media player would be used for entertainment. The User can listen songs along with videos. The user will be able to play the files through the internet connection by giving its URL path. Media Player is used to find and play digital media files on your computer or network, play CDs and DVDs, and stream media from the Internet. You can also rip music from audio CDs, burn CDs of your favorite music, sync media files to portable device and find and purchase content on the Internet through online store The system also contains a relational database containing a Play Lists.

2.2. Product Functions: The Player functions are more or less the same as described in the productperspective. The Features of the Player are:

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1. A Player Screen should have buttonPlay, Stop ,Next ,Previous, Seek,

Mute, Volume ,Toggle, buttons. 2. On Click of Play the selected file will start .it will have following controls: i. It will not allow any other file to play except media files. ii. It will resume the video whenever it is stop. iii. It will pause the present file being played. 3. The Stop button will stop the running media file. 4. The Next button will play the next file in the list and Previous button will play the Previous file. 5. Seek scroll bar will help to forward and backward of the video. 6. Clicking on the Mute button will turn audio off,. To turn audio back on, click the button again 7. Move the Volume slider left to decrease or right to increase the volume level. 8. It will also save the previous played files in a playlist. 9. Toggle Button will run the Video on the full screen . 10. Video Tuning button will tune the Video in fast forward and slower mode. 2.3.User characteristics: The users to this Player can be anyone. It need not require any login. It doesnt matter whether the user has the knowledge of computer or not, just he/she have to select a file ,click the Buttons and play the video . 4.Assumptions and dependencies: The Player can be used by the user of Different languages, as the user interface will be
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provided in Different Languages.

3. Specific Requirements: 3.1. Functional Requirements: User case : Access Media Player

In this player buttons, playlists, files, speed of the song etc would be there.Volumecontrols are mandatory. Balance in the speakers is required 3.2. Non-Functional Requirements: Our requirement is to cut a video and then mix more than one video to play a single file. We will try to add sound effects too such as jazz, pop etc.

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i. User Interface Here we can change the language used in the player such as English, French etc. ii. Hardware requirements:

An Internet connection with sufficient bandwidth. The videos on Bing,

Video stream at roughly 500 kilobits per second (kbps),Microsoft Windows 2000 or later, or Mac OS X v10.4 or later

A 1 gigahertz (GHz) processor Microsoft Silver light 3 or later, or Adobe Flash Player 9 or later 512 megabytes (MB) of RAM A screen resolution of 1024 768 or higher Windows Internet Explorer 6 or later, or Firefox 3.0 or later JavaScript and cookies enabled A 16-bit sound card

iii. Software requirements: The system should have JDK 1.6.0 or above installed and the system can have any platform as java is platform independent. 4.Future Goal: For the coming training period our goal is to cover the advance Java part and integrate the media player to the a music website and also to provide the whole information how to design a media player with codes and the use of packages.

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Java Media Framework (JMF)

The Java Media Framework (JMF) is an application programming interface (API) for incorporating time-based media into Java applications and applets. JMF 2.0 is designed to: o Be easy to program o Support capturing media data o Enable the development of media streaming and conferencing applications in Java o Enable advanced developers and technology providers to implement custom solutions based on the existing API and easily integrate new features with the existing framework o Provide access to raw media data o Enable the development of custom, downloadable demultiplexers,

codecs, effects processors, multiplexers, and renderers (JMF plug-ins)

Current version JMF 2.1.1. JMF contains classes that provide support for RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol). o RTP enables the transmission and reception of real-time media streams across the network. o RTP can be used for media-on-demand applications as well as interactive services such as Internet telephony. Important web sites: o http://java.sun.com/products/java-media/jmf/ o http://www.software.ibm.com/net.media/ Material presented here are adapted from JMF API guide. (2.9MB).

JMF2.1.1e Set up

You can download it from java.sun.com. Select the product and choose Java media framework from the menu. After installing JMF2.1.1e, the JMF2.1 is installed in C:\Program Files\JMF2.1.1e The bin directory contains the JMStudio program. You can use JMStudio program to transmit multimedia streams or to receive them. Just Click on the JMStudio.exe file. If you find the JMStudio icon on the desktop, use it. The lib directory contains the .jar files which are needed to compile the JMF applets or applications. We have set up five PCs in EN149, those facing EN143, with JMF2.1.1e for you hw4 exercises.
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NetBean 5.0 Setup

To compile JMF programs using NetBearn5.0, you need to add the JMF Jar files, jmf.jar, mediaplayer.jar, multiplayer.jar, sound.jar, and customizer.jar in C:\Program Files\JMF2.1.1e\lib\ to NetBean Java library. Select Tools | Library Manager Under libraries panel, it lists existing libraries. Click "new libraries..." to add java library. o enter JMF2.1.1e as names, o click OK.
o o o o o

Click the "Add JAR/Folders..." button. The file chooser dialog window shows up. Select all five.jar file in C:\program files\jmf2.1.1e\lib. You will see jmf.jar;mediaplayer.jar;multiplayer.jar;sound.jar; customizer.jar in the class path. Click OK to conclude the java library selection. NetBean integrates with Tomcat server(version 5.5.7 for NetBean 4.1) for testing your client/server applications.

JBulder Setup (JMF2.0)

To compile using JBuilder, you need to add the JMF Jar files, jmf.jar, mediaplayer.jar, multiplayer.jar, sound.jar in C:\Program Files\JMF2.0\lib\ to JBuilder Java library by Select Project | Default Properties Click add button to add java library. On "select a java library to add" window, if you find JMF already there, select them Otherwise click "new" button, o enter JMF2.0 as names, o click the "..." button to the right of the class path. o The "Edit class library path" shows up. Click the "Add Archives" button. o The file chooser dialog window shows up. Select each of four .jar file in C:\program files\jmf2.0\lib. o You will see C:\Program Files\JMF2.0\lib\jmf.jar;C:\Program Files\JMF2.0\lib\mediaplayer.jar;C:\Program Files\JMF2.0\lib\multiplayer.jar;C:\Program Files\JMF2.0\lib\sound.jar in the class path. o Click OK several times to conclude the java library selection.

Apache Set up (This is only needed when you host the java applets and related media files)

We will use apache to serve web page with JMF player java applet code. Create c:\Student\<login> directory for apache 2.0.55. I will use chow as <login> in the steps below. apache_2.0.55-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi can be downloaded from httpd.apache.org

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When click on the apache_2.0.55-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi, it will install the apache 2.0.55 and instead of install in the default c:\program files\apache group\, let us install it in c:\Student\chow directory. When prompt for the Destination (installed) directory, click "change" button and select the directory to install apache 2.0.55. You may want to create Since we did not have privilege to install server software package on c:\program files. The apache 2.0.55 will be installed in C:\student\chow\Apache2 When prompt for the server information, take the default choice such as EN14929.eas.uccs.edu, change the Admin name to <loign>@uccs.edu. In C:\student\chow\Apache2\bin directory, you will find apache.exe which can be clicked to start the apache web server. You will also find conf (configuration directory), htdoc (default web pages directory), cgi-bin (script directory), and log (log record directory) there. The conf/httpd.conf configuration file is modified to use port 8080. "Listen 8080". After modifying/checking the httpd.conf, click the apache.exe to start the web server. Create an test.html in c:\Student\chow\Apache2\htdocs You can verify the existence of apache web server, by typing http://localhost:8080/test.html in the browser. The web server can also serve web page to any Internet web browser. You can find out the ip address by typing the "ipconfig". Say it is 128.198.174.43. Then on the browser of other machine, you can type in http://128.198.174.43/test.html to test a jmftest.html web page of the web server machine.

Time-based media

Any data that changes meaningfully with respect to time can be characterized as timebased media. Audio clips, MIDI sequences, movie clips, and animations are common forms of timebased media. time-based media is often referred to as streaming media -- it is delivered in a steady stream that must be received and processed within a particular timeframe to produce acceptable results. A media stream is the media data obtained from a local file, acquired over the network, or captured from a camera or microphone. Media streams that contain multiple tracks are often referred to as multiplexed or complex media streams.

Demultiplexing is the process of extracting individual tracks from a complex media stream. Media streams can be categorized according to how the data is delivered: o Pull (Client Side Pull): data transfer is initiated and controlled from the client side. For example, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and FILE are pull protocols.

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Push (Server Side Push): the server initiates data transfer and controls the flow of data. For example, Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is a push protocol used for streaming media. Similarly, the SGI MediaBase protocol is a push protocol used for video-on-demand (VOD). An output destination for media data is sometimes referred to as a data sink. Examples: speaker, monitor, file, network connection.
o

Media Processing Model

Capture to a file

1. The audio and video tracks would be captured. 2. Effect filters would be applied to the raw tracks (if desired). 3. The individual tracks would be encoded. 4. The compressed tracks would be multiplexed into a single media stream. 5. The multiplexed media stream would then be saved to a file.

Presentation

1. If the stream is multiplexed, the individual tracks are extracted. 2. If the individual tracks are compressed, they are decoded. 3. If necessary, the tracks are converted to a different format. 4. Effect filters are applied to the decoded tracks (if desired).

A codec performs media-data compression and decompression.

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Each codec has certain input formats that it can handle and certain output formats that it can generate.

Effect Filters

An effect filter modifies the track data in some way, often to create special effects such as blur or echo. Effect filters are classified as either pre-processing effects or post-processing effects, depending on whether they are applied before or after the codec processes the track.

JMF High Level Architecture

JMF keeps time to nanosecond precision.

JMF Time Model

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TimeBase provides provides a constantly ticking time source, much like a crystal oscillator in a watch. The time-base time cannot be stopped or reset. Time-base time is often based on the system clock. A Clock object's media time represents the current position within a media stream. the beginning of the stream is media time zero, the end of the stream is the maximum media time for the stream. The duration of the media stream is the elapsed time from start to finish Clock uses: o The time-base start-time: the time that Clock's TimeBase reports when the presentation begins. o The media start-time: the position in the media stream where presentation begins. o The playback rate: how fast the Clock is running in relation to its TimeBase. The rate is a scale factor that is applied to the TimeBase. a rate of 1.0 represents the normal playback rate for the media stream, a rate of 2.0 indicates that the presentation will run at twice the normal rate. A negative rate indicates that the Clock is running in the opposite direction from its TimeBase: for example, a negative rate might be used to play a media stream backward. MediaTime = MediaStartTime + Rate(TimeBaseTime - TimeBaseStartTime) When the presentation stops, the media time stops, but the time-base time continues to advance.

Managers

JMF uses intermediary objects called managers to integrate new implementations of key interfaces that define the behavior and interaction of objects used to capture, process, and present time-based media. JMF uses four managers: o Manager: handles the construction of Players, Processors, DataSources, and DataSinks. o PackageManager: maintains a registry of packages that contain JMF classes, such as custom Players, Processors, DataSources, and DataSinks. o CaptureDeviceManager: maintains a registry of available capture devices. o PlugInManager: maintains a registry of available JMF plug-in processing components, such as Multiplexers, Demultiplexers, Codecs, Effects, and Renderers.

Write JMF programs:

use the Manager create methods to construct the Players, Processors, DataSources, and DataSinks

41

for your application.

use the CaptureDeviceManager to find out what capture devices are available and access information about them. query the Plug-InManager to determine what plug-ins have been registered for processing the media data register new plugin with the PlugInManager to make it available to Processors that support the plug-in API. To use a custom Player, Processor, DataSource, or DataSink with JMF, you register your unique package prefix with the PackageManager.

Event Model

JMF uses a structured event reporting mechanism to keep JMF-based programs informed of the current state of the media system: e.g., out of data or resource unavailable MediaEvent is subclassed to identify many particular types of events. These objects follow the established Java Beans patterns for events. Follow java event delegation model: JMF defines a corresponding listener interface. To receive notification when a MediaEvent is posted, you implement the appropriate listener interface and register your

listener class with the object that posts the event by calling its addListener method.

Controller objects (such as Players and Processors) and certain Control objects such as GainControl post media events. DATA MODEL

42

JMF media players usually use DataSources to manage the transfer ofmedia-content. A DataSource encapsulates both the location of media and the protocol and software used to deliver the media. A DataSource is identified by either a JMF MediaLocator or a URL (universal resource locator). A MediaLocator is similar to a URL and can be constructed from a URL, but can be constructed even if the corresponding protocol handler is not installed on the system. A standard data source uses a byte array as the unit of transfer. A buffer data source uses a Buffer object as its unit of transfer.

Specialty Data Source:

two types of specialty data sources: cloneable data sources and merging data sources. Cloneable data sources implement the SourceCloneable interface, which defines one method, createClone. By calling createClone, you can create any number of clones of the DataSource

43

To be merged, all of the DataSources must be of the type.

An AudioFormat describes the attributes specific to an audio format, such as sample rate, bits per sample, and number of channels. A VideoFormat encapsulates information relevant to video data.

44

Control

JMF Control provides a mechanism for setting and querying attributes of an object. A Control often provides access to a corresponding user interface component that enables user control over an object's attributes. Many JMF objects expose Controls, including Controller objects, DataSource objects, DataSink objects, and JMF plug-ins. Any JMF object that wants to provide access to its corresponding Control objects can implement the Controls interface. Controls defines methods for retrieving associated Control objects. DataSource and PlugIn use the Controls interface to provide access to their Control objects.
45

CachingControl enables download progress to be monitored and displayed. If a Player or Processor can report its download progress, it implements this interface so that a progress bar can be displayed to the user. StreamWriterControl interface enables the user to limit the size of the stream that is created.

Gain Control

GainControl enables audio volume adjustments such as setting the level and muting the output of a Player or Processor. It also supports a listener mechanism for volume changes. FramePositioningControl enables precise frame positioning within a Player or Processor object's media stream.FrameGrabbingControl provides a mechanism for grabbing a still video frame from the video stream. List of JMF controls:

TrackControl

a type of FormatControl that provides the mechanism for controlling what processing a Processor object performs on a particular track of media data. With the TrackControl methods, you can specify what format conversions are performed on individual tracks and select the Effect, Codec, or Renderer plug-ins that are used by the Processor. PortControl defines methods for controlling the output of a capture device. MonitorControl enables media data to be previewed as it is captured or encoded. BufferControl enables user-level control over the buffering done by a particular object.

User Interface Components

46

To get the default user interface component for a particular Control, you call getControlComponent. a Player provides access to both a visual component and a control panel component -- to retrieve these components, you call the Player methods getVisualComponent and getControlPanelComponent.

Presentation

In JMF, the presentation process is modeled by the Controller interface. JMF API defines two types of Controllers: Players and Processors.

A Player or Processor is constructed for a particular data source.

Player

A Player processes an input stream of media data and renders it at a precise time.
47

A DataSource is used to deliver the input media-stream to the Player. The rendering destination depends on the type of media being presented. A Player does not provide any control over the processing that it performs or how it renders the media data.

(Use Processor for that purpose)

Player supports standardized user control and relaxes some of the operational restrictions imposed by Clock and Controller.

Player's States A Realizing Player is in the process of determining its resource requirements and acquire resources (some may require exclusive use). A Realizing Player is in the process of determining its resource requirements. A Prefetching Player is preparing to present its media. During this phase, the Player preloads its media data, obtains exclusive-use resources, and does whatever else it needs to do to prepare itself to play. Calling start puts a Player into the Started state. A Started Player object's time-base time and media time are mapped and its clock is running,

48

Processors

a specialized type of Player that provides control over what processing is performed on the input media stream. A Processor supports all of the same presentation controls as a Player. Can send media data output through a DataSource.

Processor Stages Transcoding is the process of converting each track of media data from one input format to another. The processing at each stage is performed by a separate processing component. These processing components are JMF plug-ins.

JMF Plug-ins
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There are five types of JMF plug-ins: o Demultiplexer: parses media streams such as WAV, MPEG or QuickTime. If the stream is multiplexed, the separate tracks are extracted. o Effect: performs special effects processing on a track of media data. o Codec: performs data encoding and decoding. o Multiplexer: combines multiple tracks of input data into a single interleaved output stream and delivers the resulting stream as an output DataSource. o Renderer: processes the media data in a track and delivers it to a destination such as a screen or speaker.
o

Processor States

Two more states than players: Configuring and Configured. While the Processor is in the Configuring state, it connects to the DataSource, demultiplexes the input stream, and accesses information about the format of the input data. Processor moves into the Configured state when it is connected to the DataSource and data format has been determined. When the Processor reaches the Configured state, a ConfigureCompleteEvent is posted.

Processing Controls

Control what processing operations the Processor performs on a track through the TrackControl for that track. Call Processor getTrackControls to get the TrackControl objects for all of the tracks in the media stream. Through a TrackControl, you can explicitly select the Effect, Codec, and Renderer plugins you want to use for the track. To find out what options are available, you can query the PlugInManager to find out what plug-ins are installed. To control the transcoding that is performed on a track by a particular Codec, you can get the Controls associated with the track by calling the TrackControl getControls method. This method returns the codec controls available for the track, such as BitRateControl and QualityControl.

Data Output

getDataOutput method returns a Processor object's output as a DataSource.

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JMF

Events

Capture

A multimedia capturing device are abstracted as DataSources. a device that provides timely delivery of data can be represented as a PushDataSource. Some devices deliver multiple data streams, for example, an audio/video conferencing board might deliver both an audio and a video stream.

Media Data Storage and Transmission

A DataSink is used to read media data from a DataSource and render the media to some destination -- generally a destination other than a presentation device. A particular DataSink might o write data to a file,
51

write data across the network, or function as an RTP broadcaster. Like Players, DataSink objects are constructed through the Manager using a DataSource?. A DataSink can use a StreamWriterControl to provide additional control over how data is written to a File. DataSinkEvent subtypes: o DataSinkErrorEvent, which indicates that an error occurred while theDataSink was writing data. o EndOfStreamEvent, which indicates that the entire stream has successfully been written.
o o

Exercise 1: Playing an Movie in an Applet

Here is the web page, say jmftest.html, with applet tag

<html> <body> This <hr> <applet <param </applet> </body> </html>

is

test

of

SimplePlayer

Applet.

code="SimplePlayerApplet.class" name=file

width=320 height=300> value="uccs.rm">

Source code of the Applet. Compile the SimplePlayerApplet using the NetBean. See more detailed steps in Hw4. You will see com and javax directory created in your directory. They contain the necessary classes to serve the applet. Run the You can ftp the web page, the applet class file and those two directories to your cs525 site, CS Unix machines . Then you can access the applet at home. Here is another web page with different quick time movie.

Exercise: Video Multicast over RTP

There is a utility Java application called Video Transmit, which can be used to transmit video using JPEG over RTP. Source code of VideoTransmit.java Modify the transmit time limit from 30 seconds to 10 min by replacing

52

Thread.currentThread().sleep(30000); with Thread.currentThread().sleep(600000);

Make (Compile) VideoTransmit.java application. Copy darkcity.mov from H:\cs\cs525\jmf to your f:\student\<login> directory Multicast darkcity.mov with the following command on a MS-DOS prompt window:

java Video Transmit file:/f:/student/<login>/darkcity.mov 239.0.0.1 3000

Note that here the 2nd parameter follows that of the url syntax for the media file. 239.0.0.1 is a D-class multicast IP address for local administration purpose and will not be forwarded outside a domain. 3000 is the port number. To receive this multicast, you can use the JMStudio. Click on the JMStudio icon on the desktop or click on the JMStudio.bat in c:\program files\jmf2.0\bin You should see

Select File | Open RTP Session. You will see

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Enter the Multicast IP address 239.0.0.1 and port number 3000. TTL (Time to Life) can be set to 1. Click open You will see

Click the Participant List. You will see participants involved in this multicast. Active list are the senders.

54

If you click the statistics, a window will show the RTP and RTCP protocol packet statistics. When the multicast video arrives, you will see the video window pops up similar to

Introduction This is a guide for Windows Media Player 11, running under Windows XP. Although the Player can deal with most types of digital media, including audio, pictures, and video, this guide is only concerned with digital audio. The guide describes how you can use Window Media Player to:

Play audio files, audio CDs, and data CDs containing audio files. Organise the audio files on your computer using the Library. Rip audio CDs to your computer. Burn audio and data CDs.

Even given the focus only on digital audio, not all the capabilities of the Player are covered in this guide. For further information, see the the Player's Help.

55

Throughout the guide, optical drives which can play CDs, whether they're DVD or CD drives, are referred to simply as CD drives. Pages and tasks Windows Media Player has a number of different pages, and so its structure is in some ways similar to that of a multi-page dialog box. Each of the pages is designed for a particular task or group of related tasks. The pages and tasks are:

Now Playing page. If Windows Media Player isn't already open, and you open an audio file or play an CD, then Windows Media Player opens on this page to play the audio. If Windows Media Player is already open, you'd normally use the Library page for these tasks. Library page, which is used for finding and playing tracks in the Library, creating and playing your own playlists, and playing audio and data CDs. Rip page, which is used for copying the tracks from audio CDs onto the computer. Burn page, which is used for writing tracks on a CD, which can be formatted as either an audio CD or a data CD. Sync page, which is used for transferring tracks between the computer and a portable player. This page is not described in this guide. MSN Music, which is used for playing online audio streams, and purchasing audio files from online stores. This page is not described in this guide.

When you open Windows Media Player from the Start menu or a Desktop icon, it opens on the Library page.

Main window Main components

Title bar, which contains the text Windows Media Player. To read the title bar, press INSERT + T. Optional menu bar, as described in the Main menus section. Player taskbar. This includes buttons which let you select which page you want to work with. Whichever of these buttons is pressed, the corresponding page is displayed. Visually, these buttons have the appearance of the tabs of a multi-page dialog box. The page corresponding to the pressed button in the Player taskbar, for example the Library page. This is the largest component in the window.

56

Playback controls area, which, not unsurprisingly, contains controls for controlling the playing of tracks.

All these components have the same width as the main window, and so divide the main window into a number of horizontal panes. The page takes up most of the window, with the Player taskbar above it, and the Playback controls area below it. Moving around the main window

To move to the next control in the window press TAB, and to move to the previous control press SHIFT + TAB. Note that simply by pressing TAB you move through all the controls in all the components of the main window. For example, if you're focused on the last control in the Player taskbar, then pressing TAB takes you to the first control of one of the pages, not back to the first control in the Player taskbar. If you press CTRL + TAB, it moves the focus forwards to the nearest of these two controls: o the first control of the selected page, for example, the Select a category button on the Library page o the first control in the Playback controls (the seek slider) If you carry on pressing CTRL + TAB you just alternate between these two controls. Pressing CTRL + SHIFT + TAB moves you backwards in a similar manner. Given the large number of controls in the main window, using CTRL + TAB can greatly reduce the number of keystrokes needed to move around the window. For example, if you want to move to the Player taskbar, you can press CTRL + TAB once or twice so that you're at the first control in the selected page, and then use SHIFT + TAB to move through the controls in the Player taskbar.

Main menus There are two options for the format of the main menus:

A new style pop-up menu. A conventional menu bar, which is referred to as classic menus.

Both these formats contains bugs in their keyboard navigation, but the bug in the classic menus is more severe, and so it's recommended that you use the new style pop-up menu, which Windows Media Player uses by default. If you want to change between the two formats, press CTRL + M. The two menu formats are described in the next sections. New style pop-up menu
57

Press ALT to open the pop-up menu, which contains sub-menus for File, View, Play, Tools, and Help. As usual you can open the selected sub-menu by pressing RIGHT ARROW or ENTER. BUG WARNING: The first time that you open this pop-up menu after you have logged into the computer, none of the keystrokes for navigating the window work. However, if you press ALT + TAB the pop-up menu closes, and if you then press ALT, the pop-up menu works correctly.

To close the pop-up menu, press ESC. To directly open the File menu, press ALT + F as usual, and similarly for the View, Play, Tools, and Help menus.

Classic menus There is a severe bug in the keyboard navigation of the conventional menu bar. If you press ALT to move to the menu bar, then the two standard keystrokes to leave the menu bar, ALT and ESC both don't work. There are work arounds, but it's easiest to use the new style pop-up menu. Player taskbar The player taskbar contains the following controls, which will be described in the next sections:

Back and Forward buttons. Six pairs of buttons for the different pages.

Back and Forward buttons These buttons have similarities with the Back and Forward buttons in Internet Explorer. The keystrokes for these buttons are ALT + LEFT ARROW and ALT + RIGHT ARROW respectively. The rest of this section gives a more precise description of these buttons, and assumes that you're reasonably familiar with the Library page. On any of the pages which contain a Primary list view, there are a number of actions which can change the contents of the Primary list view. For example, on the Library page the Primary list view can be changed by selecting an item in the Library tree, opening an item in the Primary list view which isn't a track, or entering text in the Search box. After one or more of these actions, you can use the Back button to go back through these actions. Once you've gone back through a number of actions, you can then use the Forward button to move forward through the actions

58

again. As a simple example, if you open an album in the Primary list view, the tracks in the album are then displayed. If you then press the Back button, you go back to the list of albums. Warning: sometimes if you're on a page other than the Library page, and you press the Back button a number of times, then after going back through the actions which changed the Primary list view, you are then returned to the Library page. But only sometimes. Six pairs of buttons for the pages The first button in each pair is used for selecting which page is displayed. One of these buttons is always pressed, and when Jaws reads the name of the button, it includes the word pressed if the button is pressed. The second button in each pair is a menu button for that page. Nearly all these menus contain the following items:

A small number of options which are relevant to the particular page. Other options which opens the Options dialog at a relevant page. Help with something which opens Windows Media Player help at a relevant page.

BUG WARNING: If you press one of the buttons for selecting the page using SPACEBAR, then as well as the button being pressed, the menu associated with the following button also opens (this doesn't happen when Jaws is not running). So only use ENTER to press these buttons. Playback controls area The Playback controls area contains the following controls:

Seek slider. Pressing LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROW moves the playback backward or forward by one twentieth of the length of the track. If you add SHIFT or CTRL to these keystrokes, then the distance moved becomes one four hundredth or a fifth of the length of the track respectively. Rotate metadata icon button. When a track is playing, pressing this button cycles round three icons, which include a tiny frequency plot of the audio. Of no importance, and unreadable by Jaws anyway. Current position edit box, which is only present if a track is being played. By default, this shows the elapsed time, but it can also display the elapsed time/track length, or the remaining time. For details, see the Current position edit box section below. Shuffle on/off button (CTRL + H). Repeat on/off button (CTRL + T). Stop button (CTRL + S ).
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Previous item button (CTRL + B). Play/Pause button (CTRL + P). Next item button (CTRL + F). Mute button (F7). Volume slider. Press LEFT or RIGHT ARROW to decrease or increase the volume (F8 or F9). View full screen. Switch to compact mode.

Additional keystrokes

There are a number of keystrokes for controlling the speed of the playback: CTRL + SHIFT + N for normal speed; CTRL + SHIFT + G for fast speed (1.4x); CTRL + SHIFT + S for slow speed (0.5x). To fast forward (5x), press CTRL + SHIFT + F. To revert to normal speed, press the same key again. Just to the right of the Metadata Icon button, there's a text display which cycles around information about the track which is currently playing. Unfortunately, this text is not accessible, but if you're using Jaws 10 or later, you can read the title of the track which is playing by pressing INSERT + CTRL + T.

Current position edit box There are three options for the information shown in the current position edit box: elapsed time, elapsed time/ track length, and remaining time. You can cycle round these three options using the Jaws cursor. To move to the next option:
1. With the current position edit box being the focus, press INSERT + NUMPAD MINUS

to route the Jaws cursor to the PC cursor. 2. Press NUMPAD SLASH for a left mouse click. 3. Press NUMPAD PLUS to switch back to the PC cursor 4. Press INSERT + UP ARROW to read the new value. Playing CDs and audio files This section gives an overview of playing CDs and audio files. Some of the details mentioned are more fully described in the sections on the Now Playing and Library pages, and may make more sense after you have read those sections. The standard installation of Windows Media Player allows you to play audio files in only some of the common formats, including mp3, wma and wav. However you can play files in other
60

audio formats by installing some additional software, as described in the Audio file formats section. Now Playing list Whenever you play one or more tracks, these tracks appear on the Now Playing list. You can browse this list on both the Now Playing and Library pages, as described in the sections for these pages. Whenever there are tracks in the Now Playing list, you can use all the Playback controls, which are described above in the Playback controls area section, and whose shortcuts are summarised in the Playback controls section of the Keystrokes section. Playing audio CDs If Windows Media Player is open, then regardless of which page you're on, if you insert an audio CD:

Any autoplay action for Music CDs is ignored (see the CD drive autoplay section). If no audio is playing when you insert the CD, then the CD starts playing, and the Now Playing list contains the tracks on the CD. The CD appears near the bottom of the Library tree on the Library page.

If Windows Media player is not open, and you insert an audio CD, then the autoplay action for CDs whose content type is Music CD is performed (see the CD drive autoplay section). If this autoplay action is either:

Play in Window Media Player Prompt me to choose an action, and you've chosen Play in Windows Media Player in the dialog that appears

then:

Windows Media Player opens on the Now Playing page. Playing starts automatically, and the Now Playing list contains the tracks on the CD. The CD appears near the bottom of the Library tree on the Library page.

Playing data CDs containing audio files If you insert a data CD containing audio files, then the autoplay action for CDs whose content type is Music files is performed (see the CD drive autoplay section). If this autoplay action is either:
61

Play with Windows Media Player Prompt me to choose an action, and you've chosen Play in Windows Media Player in the dialog that appears

then:

If Windows Media Player isn't already open, then it opens on the Now Playing page. The CD starts playing, and the Now Playing list contains the tracks on the CD. The CD appears near the bottom of the Library tree on the Library page.

A data CD can contain hundreds of audio files if they're in a compressed format like mp3 or wma. If you have a data CD with a large number of files, then on the Library page you can easily browse the files by artist, album etc using the different views of the CD which are available in the Library tree, as described in the Library tree section of the Library page section. Ejecting CDs To eject a CD: if you only have one CD/DVD drive, then you can use the shortcut CTRL + J. Otherwise, if you're in the Library, Rip or Burn pages, you can select the drive in the Library tree, and choose Eject from its shortcut menu. Playing audio files which are not in the Library To play audio files which are not in the Library, you can either use the Open dialog in Windows Media Player, or open them in Windows Explorer which then refers them to Windows Media Player for playing. To play one or more audio files using the Open dialog in Windows Media Player:
1. To open the Open dialog choose Open from the file menu, or press CTRL + O.

2. Select one or more files, and press the default Open button. 3. Playing starts automatically, and the Now Playing list contains the selected track(s). If you open one or more audio file in Windows Explorer by selecting them and pressing ENTER, and their default program is Windows Media Player then:

If Window Media player is not open, then it opens on the Now Playing page. Playing starts automatically, and the Now Playing list contains the track(s).

If a particular audio file type does not have Windows Media Player as its default program, you can change this on the File Types page of the Options dialog, as described in the File types section of the Options dialog section.
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Playing audio files on web pages If you open a link to an audio file, and it's default program is Windows Media Player then:

If Window Media player is not open, then it opens on the Now Playing page. Playing starts automatically, and the Now Playing list contains the track.

Note that if you're using the Firefox web browser, this program uses its own settings for a file type's default program. You can can change these on the Contents page of Firefox's Options dialog. Playing audio files which are in the Library This is described in far too much detail in the Library page section. Now Playing page The primary use of the Now Playing page is for viewing pictures or videos. However, if Windows Media Player in not open and you open an audio file, or insert and try to play a CD, then Windows Media Player opens on the Now Playing page. Components of Now Playing page The now playing page is divided vertically into two panes:

Video and visualisation display area. This is used for displaying pictures, videos, and decorative visualisations to accompany audio. List Pane, which is described in the following section.

List Pane The List pane contains these controls:

Hide List pane button, which Jaws reads as the Hide basket btn button. Normally you won't want to hide the List pane. If the List pane is hidden, you can show the List pane by choosing Show List Pane from the Now Playing menu in the Player taskbar. If a track is playing, a buy button and the track's rating. A button whose name depends on the origin of the list of tracks in the Now Playing list below. For example: the name of the CD if the tracks are on a CD; the name of a playlist if the tracks are in a playlist; Now Playing, if the tracks don't have a name, or the Now Playing list is empty. If you press the button, a menu opens which includes options for sorting the tracks in the Now Playing list.
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Now Playing list, which Jaws reads as the Basket list view.

Library page On the Library page you can easily find an play files which are in the Library, and also create, edit and play your own playlists. This is the largest section of this guide, and it contains the following sub-sections:

The Library. Components of the Library page. Address toolbar. Library tree. Primary list view. Playing tracks. Searching the primary list view. Updating the Library. Editing media information. Playlists.

The Library The Library is a database of the media files on your computer, which allows you to quickly find and play files. This database contains pointers to the media files, so you can remove a file from the Library without necessarily removing the file from your computer. The media files in the Library are divided into five main categories: music, pictures, video, recorded TV, and other media. The Library page shows only the files in the category which is set by the Select a category button, which is the first control on the page. By default this is set to Music, so you shouldn't have to change it. Media information When a media file is created, then certain media information is included in the file. Individual items of media information are known as attributes or tags. Examples of the attributes contained in audio files are: title, album, artist, etc. This media information is vital for the Library, as it's the information which allows you to quickly search it to find the tracks which you want. If the media information has not been automatically included in a file then it can be added manually, as described in the Editing media information section below. Components of the Library page

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These are the components of the Library page, which are all described in detail in subsequent sections:

Address toolbar. Library tree (called the navigation pane in WMP help). If you select an item in the Library tree, then the content of that item is shown in the Primary list view. Primary list view (called the details pane in WMP help). List pane, which is used for editing playlists.

The address toolbar runs across the top of the page, and below this the Library tree, Primary list view and List pane form three columns Address toolbar The Address toolbar contains the following controls:

The Select a category button, which is used for selecting the category of media files which you want to deal with on the Library page. By default, this is set to music. To the right of this button are a number of buttons which give you an alternative method for selecting an item in the Library tree. These buttons are accessed using LEFT ARROW and RIGHT ARROW, but they won't be used in this guide. Layout Options button. To the right of this button, there's a View Options split button which you can reach by pressing RIGHT ARROW if you focused on the Layout Options button. Search edit box, which is used for searching the items in the Primary list view, and is described in the Searching the primary list view section below. Search options button. Show List pane button. This only appears when the List pane is hidden. There's normally no need to use this button, as the List pane is automatically shown when it is being used for editing playlists.

Library tree If you select an item in the Library tree, then its contents are shown in the Primary list view. The items at the top level of the Library tree are:

Playlists, which contains your playlists. If the Playlists item is open then the first child item is for creating playlists, and the remaining children are only the five most recently created playlists. However, when the Playlists item is selected in the Library tree, all your playlists appear in the Primary list view, with the first five being the most recently created.
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Now Playing (sometimes). This is a list of tracks which are currently being played. Library, which contains several possible views of the Library. If it's open, then the child items are the possible views of the Library. These views are: o Recently added files added within the last 30 days. o Artist. o Album. o Songs all the tracks in the Library, grouped by artist. However the names of the artists at the beginning of each grouping are not accessible to Jaws. This item is roughly equivalent to All Music in Windows Media Player 10. o Genre. o Year. o Rating. Audio CD (sometimes). If there is an audio CD in one of the CD drives, then the album name appears in the Library tree. Data CD (sometimes). If there is a data CD which contains audio files in one of the CD drives, then the CD's label appears in the Library tree. Just like the Library item, a data CD contains several possible views. If it's open, then the child items are the possible views of the audio files on the CD.

Navigating the tree

As for any list, you can use these keys: UP and DOWN ARROW, HOME and END, and the first letter of the item you want to find. LEFT ARROW has two uses: if you're focused on an open item, it closes it; else it moves you up the list to the parent item. RIGHT ARROW also has two uses: if you're focused on a closed item, it opens it; if you you're focused on an open item, it moves you down to the first child item. If either the Library, or any of the Library views are selected, then you can use these keystrokes to change the selection: o CTRL + 7 to select the Artist view of the Library o CTRL + 8 to select the Album view of the Library. o CTRL + 9 to select the Songs view of the Library. These keystrokes are useful when you're in the Primary list view as they save you having to move to the Library tree to change the view of the Library.

Primary list view

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Views of the Primary list view For many of the items in the Library tree, the corresponding list of items in the Primary list view can be displayed in a number of possible views. For example, if the Songs view of the Library is selected in the Library tree, then the list of tracks in the Primary list view can have either an Expanded Tile or Details view. This is very similar to the choice of views of a folder in Windows Explorer. For each of the items in the Library tree, it's recommended that, whenever possible, you set the view to details, as this allows you both to use UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW to move through the entire list, and to use the first letter of an item to quickly find it. Unfortunately, unlike in Windows Explorer, you can't change the view for one of the items in the Library tree, and then apply that to all the other items. After some instructions for changing a view, there's a list of the items in the Library tree, along with recommendations for changing the view. To change the view of the Primary list view for an item in the Library tree: 1. Select an item in the Library tree. 2. Move to the Layout options button in the Address bar (eg press CTRL + TAB twice, TAB once. 3. Press RIGHT ARROW to move to the View Options split button. 4. Press DOWN ARROW to open the drop down menu, and choose an option (eg details). The following list of the items in the Library tree gives their default view, and recommendations for changing the view to details, where possible:

Playlists, which contains the individual playlists. The default view is Tile, change this to details. Individual playlists. The default and only view is details, so no change needed (or possible!). Now Playing. The default and only view is details. Library, which contains the views of the Library. The default and only view is icon, so you're stuck with this view. Recently added view of the Library. This shares the same view as the Songs view of the Library see below. Artist view of the Library. The default view is Icon, change this to details. Album view of the Library. The default view is Icon, change this to details. Songs view of the Library. The default view is Expanded Tile, change this to details. Genre view of the Library. The default view is Tile, change this to details.
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Year view of the Library. The default view is Tile, change this to details. Ratings view of the Library. The default and only view is Icon. Audio CD (this only appears when a CD drive contains an audio CD). The default view is Expanded tile, change this to details. Data CD containing audio files, which contains the views of the data CD (this only appears when a CD drive contains a data CD). The default and only view is Icon. Views of the data CD. These share the same settings as the views of the Library, so there's no need to change these.

Choosing columns For all of the items in the Library tree, if it's been set to use the details view, then you can choose which columns are shown, and their order. Examples for wanting to change the default settings include:

By default, the first column of both the Songs view of the Library and a playlist is the track number, which doesn't allow you to use the first letter of the the track's title to find it more quickly. So you might want to either not show this column or move it. If there are alot of columns shown, then it's tedious having Jaws read them all, so you may want to keep only the important columns.

To choose the columns for an item in the Library tree:

Select the item in the Library tree. Move to the Layout Options button on the Address bar, for example by pressing SHIFT + TAB three times. Press this button, and choose Choose Columns from the menu. The Choose Columns dialog opens. The first control is a list of check boxes for the possible columns. To show/hide a column, select it and press SPACEBAR. To move a column, select it, TAB to the Move up or Move down button, and press it.

Navigating the Primary list view

HOME and END. The first letter(s) of the item you want to find. UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW. Note that if you're focused on the first item in the list and you press UP ARROW, this takes you to the Search edit box on the Address toolbar. You can return to the top of the Primary list view by pressing DOWN ARROW. Also note that these keystrokes will not take you through the complete list if the view is set to icon or tile.

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If you select any item, you can open it by pressing ENTER. If the item is a track, then the track starts playing, as described in the next section. If you open other items, then the list displays the tracks contained in that item. For example, if you open an album, then you're taken to a list of the tracks in that album. If you open an artist, then the list displays a list of the tracks by that artist which are grouped by album. However the album titles are not accessible to Jaws. If you're looking for an album by a particular artist, it's best to select the Album view of the Library in the Library tree, and then search the Primary list view for albums by that artist, as described in the Searching the primary list view section. Having opened an item other than a track, you can come back up a level by pressing the Back button (ALT + LEFT ARROW) in the Player taskbar.

Playing tracks Once you've found in the Primary list view the track(s) that you want to play:

To play the tracks, starting from a particular track, select this track and press ENTER. The track starts playing, and a Now Playing list is automatically created from the tracks currently in the Primary view list. To play a single track and no others, select a track and choose Play from its shortcut menu. The Now Playing list consists of this single track.

You can browse around the library without affecting this Now Playing list, and if you want to refer back to the list, its available via the Now Playing item in the Library tree. Searching the Primary list view You can search for items in the Primary list view using the Search edit box in the Address bar. Because the results of the search are also shown in the Primary list view, you can also think of this operation as filtering the contents of the Primary list view.

You can move to the Search edit box by pressing CTRL + E. The results of the search are shown in the Primary list view, and you can move to the Primary list view from the Search edit box simply by pressing DOWN ARROW. If you move to the Search edit box and it already contains text, then the text is selected.

Details of the text matching used in the search:

The search is not case sensitive. The text you enter in the Search edit box can either be one or more complete words, or the first letters of one or more words.
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By default, each word or initial letters of a word is matched against text in all the columns for each item in the Primary list view. To restrict the match to a single attribute, use the format attribute:text. For example, if the Primary list view contains a list of albums, then to find the albums by Elvis, type artist:elvis in the Search edit box. Other attributes which you can use in this context include album, composer, genre, rating and title. If you enter two or more words, then only items which contain all the words are found. However you can use the OR operator, for example Chopin OR Debussy. To search for an exact phrase, use quotes, for example mark twain. Without the quotes the search could find items which contained the text mark in one column and twain in another.

Updating the Library There are number of ways of updating the media files in the Library:

Windows Media Player automatically monitors a number of folders, including My Music. If you need to change the folders which are monitored: 1. Either choose Add to Library from the Library menu in the Player taskbar, or press the Monitor Folders button on the Library page of the Options dialog. 2. The Add to Library dialog opens. If there is an Add button press it, otherwise first press the Advanced Options button, and then press the Add button. 3. The Add Folder dialog opens. TAB to the Select a folder tree, select a folder, and press ENTER to press the default OK button. 4. You're returned to the Add to Library dialog, with the focus on the Add button. TAB to the OK button and press it. When you play a file, it is automatically added to the Library. However this does not happen if the file is on removable storage media, or removable storage devices ( for example, data CDs and USB flash drives ). To remove audio files from the Library: 1. Select one or more files, and press DELETE. 2. A Windows Media Player dialog opens, asking whether you really want to delete the file(s). The first control is a pair of radio buttons which give you the option of deleting the file only in the Library, or also on disk. (The default setting for these buttons can be set on the Library page of the Options dialog). If you want to delete the files, TAB to the OK button and press it.

Editing media information Occasionally you may want to manually edit a track's media information. For example, if the media information for a ripped CD is not available in Microsoft's online database, or it's an audio
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file which you've created yourself. Two methods of editing the the media information are described in the next two sections. Editing media information using the Edit command To change one of the media attributes of a track:
1. In the Primary list view, select a track, and either choose Edit from its shortcut menu, or

press F2. 2. The text in the first column is selected. If necessary, TAB to the column which you want to change unfortunately Jaws does not tell you which column you're in. 3. Type in the new information, and press ENTER. Note that on the basis of this new information, the position of the track in the list of tracks may change. You can also use the Edit command on items other than tracks, and so change a media attribute of a number of tracks at the same time. For example, suppose that you've got a number of tracks in the library by the artist Susan Flowerpot. To change all those tracks so that they have the artist attribute Sue Flowers: 1. Select the Artist view of the Library in the Library tree. 2. Select the artist Susan Flowerpot in the Primary list view. 3. Follow the instructions above to change the first column from Susan Flowerpot to Sue Flowers. Using the different views of the Library, you can also change the names of albums, genre's, and years. Editing media information using the Advanced Tag Editor To change one or more attributes of a track, you can use the Advanced Tag Editor (note the bug warning below): 1. In the Primary list view, select a track, and choose Advanced Tag Editor from its shortcut menu. 2. The Advanced Tag Editor dialog box opens. This is a multi-page dialog, and most of the information which you'll want to change will probably be on the first two pages: Track Info and Artist Info. BUG WARNINGS: The keystrokes for changing the page of this dialog are a badly broken. CTRL + TAB does not change the page of this dialog. To change the page:
1. TAB to the page tab, and press LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROW 71

2. Note that on the new page the focus should be on the page tab, but in fact it's on the OK button. This means that you can't press one of the arrow keys repeatedly and cycle round the page tabs. Playlists A playlist is a list of tracks, and each playlist has its own name. You can use a playlist to create a group of tracks which aren't necessarily by the same artist or on the same album, etc. For example, you could create a playlist called sixties which contains your favourite tracks from the sixties. You can create both regular and auto playlists. For a regular playlist, the editing of which tracks are in the playlist is completely manual. In contrast, an auto playlist contains a set of criteria for the tracks to be included, and the tracks in the playlist are automatically updated if necessary when the tracks in the Library change. For example you could create an auto playlist which contains all the tracks in the library by a particular artist which were released before a particular year. If you then added more tracks to the Library which satisfied those criteria, then they would automatically be added to the playlist. Only the creation and editing of regular playlists will be described in this guide. Before describing how to create and edit regular playlists, there's a description of the controls in the List pane which can be used for both creating and editing these playlists. List pane The controls in the list pane are:

Hide List pane button, which Jaws reads as the Hide basket btn button. Playlist button which has the name of the playlist being edited. If no playlist is being edited, then its name is untitled playlist. It's used for selecting options for editing the playlist. List of tracks in the playlist, which Jaws reads as the Basket list view. Save Playlist button (ALT + S), which only appears when you have made changes to the playlist.

Creating a regular playlist To create a playlist:

Either press CTRL + N, which takes you to the Playlist button in the List pane, or in the Library tree select Create Playlist, which is the first child of Playlists.
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Type in a name for the playlist, and press ENTER. This creates the playlist, and opens the playlist for editing in the List pane. To add one or more items in the Primary list view to the Playlist, select the items, and then choose Add to name from the shortcut menu, where name is the name of the playlist. Note that you can add any type of item in the Primary list view: for example if you add an album, then all the tracks in the album are added to the playlist. When you've finished adding tracks, press the Save Playlist button at the end of the List pane (ALT + S).

Editing a regular playlist using the List pane To edit a playlist using the List pane:
1. To start editing, select a playlist and choose Edit in List pane from its shortcut menu. (For

details of accessing playlists, see the Library tree section above.) The playlist is displayed in the List pane. 2. Edit the list, as described below. 3. When you want to save your edits, press the Save Playlist button at the end of the List pane (ALT + S). If you forget to save your edits, then at some stage you'll get a dialog box warning you that your changes haven't been saved, and asking you whether you want to save the changes. The default button is Yes. BUG WARNING:If you press the No button to indicate that you don't want to save your changes, then unless you close and reopen the program, it appears as if your changes were in fact saved. A little confusing. The possible edits include:

To add one or more items in the Primary list view to the Playlist, select the items, and then choose Add to name from the shortcut menu, where name is the name of the playlist. Note that you can add any type of item in the Primary list view: for example if you add an album, then all the tracks in the album are added to the playlist. To remove one or more tracks from the playlist, select the track(s) in the List pane, and either press DELETE or choose Remove from List from the shortcut menu. Note that removing a track from a playlist does not remove it either from the Library or the computer. To move one or more tracks up or down the playlist, select the track(s) in the List pane, and choose Move Up or Move Down from the shortcut menu. If you press Playlist button in the List pane (which has the name of the playlist being edited), then a menu opens which contains options including sorting the playlist by title, or artist etc.
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Rip page This page is for ripping (copying) the tracks from an audio CD to your computer. The first time that you rip a CD, a Rip Options dialog opens. The first control is a pair of radio buttons which give you the option as to whether you want to add copy protection to your music files or not. The second control is a checkbox which you have to check to indicate that you understand that music from CDs is protected by copyright. When you rip a CD, if you're connected to the internet Windows Media Player tries to get the media information for the tracks on the CD from Microsoft's online database. If you're not connected to the internet when you rip a CD, you'll get a dialog box warning you that it couldn't get the media information. When you next connect to the internet, Windows Media Player will try to obtain the missing media information. Occasionally, the required media information is not contained in the online database, and you have to edit the media information manually, as described in the Editing media information section which is in the Library page section. Components of the Rip page

Layout Options button. Associated with this button, there's a View Options split button which you can reach by pressing RIGHT ARROW if you focused on the Layout Options button. Library tree, which contains a list of the CD/DVD drives on the computer. Each drive is listed either as No Disc, or the name of the album in the drive, and the drive letter is given in parenthesis. Primary List view, which lists the tracks of the album selected in the Library tree. A Start/Stop Rip button (ALT + S).

The Layout Options button is at the top of the page, and below this the Library tree and the Primary list view form two columns. The Start/Stop Rip button is at the bottom of the page. Rip options These are some of the options you may want to set. The following description uses the items on the Rip menu in the Player taskbar, but the options are also available on the Rip page of the Options Dialog.

Eject CD After Ripping. Jaws doesn't say anything when the rip is complete, so set this to checked. Rip CD Automatically When Inserted sub menu. This controls what happens when you insert an audio CD when Window Media Player is running. The options are: Only when
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in the Rip Tab, Always, and Never. If you use one of the automatic options, then all you have to do is insert the CD, and then wait for the CD to eject. Note that when Windows Media Player is not running, then any automatic action, like ripping the CD, is controlled by the properties of the CD drive, as described in the CD drive autoplay section below.

Format sub menu. By default the ripped tracks are in the Windows Media Audio format (WMA), but you can also use MP3, WAV, or a number of formats in the wma family. Bit Rate. The higher the bit rate, the larger the file, and generally the better the audio quality.

Ripping a CD This describes how to rip a CD, assuming that you've set the Rip CD Automatically option to never, as described above. 1. If there isn't already an audio CD in one of the computer's CD drives, insert one. 2. If you've got more than one CD drive, make sure that that the drive containing the audio CD is selected in the Library tree. 3. The Primary List view should list the tracks on the CD. Each item in the list has an associated check box which is checked by default. If there are tracks which you don't want to rip, you can go through and uncheck those tracks. 4. Press the Start Rip button (ALT + S). 5. There is some text in the Playback Controls area which gives the progress of the ripping, but this is not accessible to Jaws. If you do want to find out the progress, then if you move to a track in the Primary List view, the rip status is normally one of the columns which Jaws reads out. This status can be either pending, ripping, or ripped to library. When the rip is complete, the CD is ejected, as long as you're set that option. Whilst a CD is being ripped its quite alright to use the computer for other tasks. Burn page On the Burn page, you can burn either audio or data CDs. Components of the Burn page

Address toolbar, which is the same as in the Library page. Library tree. This is the same as the Library tree in the Library page, except that at the bottom of the tree, rather than listing any CDs in any of the drives, it lists the CD burners on the computer. The name of each CD burner indicates the contents of the drive: No Disc, Blank Disc, or the name of an audio or data CD.
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Primary list view, which is the same as in the library page. List pane, which contains the burn list, and is described in the next section.

The address toolbar runs across the top of the page, and below this the the Library tree, Primary list view and List pane form three columns. List pane The list pane contains the following controls:

Burn List button. Clear List pane button, which is only present when there are items in the Burn list. Burn list, which Jaws reads as the basket list view. Start/Stop button (ALT + S), which is only present when there are items in the Burn list.

Burn options These are some of the options you may want to set, using the Burn menu on the Player taskbar. There are also other options on the Burn page of the Options dialog.

Audio CD and Data CD. Set as you want. Note that this option is not available on the Burn page of the Options dialog. Eject disc after burning. This should be set to checked, as it's the only way you'll know that the burn has finished. Apply volume leveling across tracks on audio CDs.

Burning a CD Assuming that you've only got one drive that can burn CDs and that you're going to burn a CDR, then to burn a CD: 1. Set any options, as described in the previous section. 2. Insert a blank CD. If you want to check that you've inserted a blank CD, move to the CD burner at the bottom of the Library tree, and it should read Blank Disc. 3. To add one or more items in the Primary list view to the Burn list, select the items, and then choose Add to Burn list from the shortcut menu. Note that you can add any type of item in the Primary list view: for example if you add an playlist, then all the tracks in the playlist are added to the Burn list. 4. The time/space remaining on the disc is displayed at the top of the List pane, but this is inaccessible to Jaws users. Also, if the list takes up more than one CD, then the list is
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automatically split into a number of CDs. However, this splitting is again not accessible to Jaws users. Which only leaves mental arithmetic. 5. If necessary you can edit the Burn list in the List pane. If you select one or more tracks in this list, from the shortcut menu you can either remove the track(s) from the list, or move the track(s) up or down the list. To sort the list, press the Burn list button, and choose an option from the sort sub-menu. 6. To burn the CD, press the Start Burn button (ALT + S) at the bottom of the List pane. 7. Microsoft recommend that you don't use the computer for any other task during burning a CD. Some of the information indicating the progress of burning the CD is accessible to Jaws, but as that involves the computer in another task, it's probably best just to wait till the CD is ejected. Options dialog The Options dialog is a multi-page dialog box, which you can open by choosing Options from the Tools menu (ALT + T, O). Library, Rip, and Burn The Library, Rip and Burn pages of the Options dialog contain options relevant to the corresponding pages in the main window of Windows Media Player. The menus in the Player taskbar also contain options for the pages in the main window, as described in the Player taskbar section above. Many options are available only on the pages of the Options dialog, and a small number of options are only available on the menus in the Player Taskbar.

File types The File Types page of the Options dialog allows you to set whether or not you want Windows Media Player to be the default program for each of the media file types (file formats). The first control is a list of check boxes for all the media file types. If a check box is checked, then Windows Media Player is the default program for that file type. Audio file formats The standard installation of Windows Media Player can only play audio files in certain formats, for example WAV, WMA and MP3. However it's possible to play other audio formats by installing additional software. The audio in nearly all audio formats has been compressed to reduce the storage requirements. To play the audio in such a file it first has to be decompressed using a decoder. There are several
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schemes for compression and decompression, and hence the need for several decoders. So play to files in a format which are not supported as standard, you have to install any decoders which may be needed to play the file. In addition, if you want to include these files in other formats in your library, you need to install another piece of software to do this. Two examples of decoders you might need, and the software to include the files in your library are described in the following sections. Additional decoders Ogg Vorbis is an open source file format which is free of patents (probably), and audio files in this format normally have the extension .ogg. You can download a decoder for Ogg files from the web page at: www.xiph.org/dshow/. An Advanced Audio Coding (aac) decoder is needed to play files in the m4a and aac formats. By default, iTunes uses the m4a format when it rips audio CDs. Note that files bought from iTunes which are copy protected have the m4p format, and these can only be played by iTunes. A free aac decoder to play m4a and aac files is available from the company Orban, and it can be downloaded from the web page at: www.orban.com/plugin/. On this page, the link to the plug-in which contains the decoder is get it here. Note that this plug-in has the unwanted behaviour that when you play a track in the aac or m4a format it changes the page of Windows Media Player to the Now Playing page. If you move away from this page, it stops playing the track. Including files in additional formats in the Library Even after you have installed these decoders, Ogg files appear in the Other media category of the Library, and aac and m4a files don't appear in the Library at all. However, you can include these files (and some others) if you install the WMP Tag Support Extender plug-in. This software is open source, and therefore free. You can download it from the web page at: wmptagext.sourceforge.net. On this page, the link to the plug-in is Download It!. There are a number of issues with the WMP Tag Support Extender:

BUG WARNING: With this software installed you cannot use the seek slider for tracks in the additional file formats. Only the Ogg files which you add to the Library after you've install the software are categorised as Music; those added before remain categorised as Other Media. You can't use the Advanced Tag Editor to edit the media information of the additional file formats.

CD drive autoplay
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When a CD is inserted into a drive, then you can set an action to be performed which depends of the content type of the CD. These actions are known as autoplay actions, and they're set on the autoplay page of the drive's properties dialog, as described later in this section. For each content type, you can set the action to be:

an action which takes places automatically, without consulting the user. opening a dialog box which allows you to choose an action each time a CD is inserted.

The actions available depend on the content type of the CD. For the Music CD content type (audio CDs), the actions include:

Rip music from CD using Windows Media Player. Play audio CD using Windows Media Player. Take no action.

For Music files (data CDs containing audio files), the actions include:

Play using Windows Media Player. Take no action.

To change a drive's autoplay setting for a particular content type:

1. To open the properties dialog of the CD drive, select the drive in Windows Explorer, and 2. 3.

4.

5. 6.

either choose Properties from its shortcut menu or press ALT + ENTER. Using CTRL + TAB move to the Autoplay page of the dialog. The first control on this page is a combo box for the content type of the CD for which you want to set an automatic action. Set this to the content type you're interested in, and then TAB to the next control. The next control is a pair a radio boxes. However the standard keyboard navigation of these has been broken by placing a list box between them. The focus will either be on the Select an action to perform radio button, or the Prompt me each time to select an action radio button. If the focus is on the second of these radio button, then you can change the selection by pressing UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW as usual. However if the focus is on the first radio box (Select an action to perform) to select the other radio button you can either press UP ARROW twice or TAB to the Restore Defaults button and press it, since the default action is to prompt each time. If you have chosen the Select an action to perform radio box, press TAB to move to a list box of possible actions and select the one you want. Press ENTER to press the default OK button.

Keystrokes
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General Command Open dialog Options dialog Move forward to either first control in page, or the seek slider Keystrokes CTRL + O ALT + T, O CTRL + TAB

Move backward to either first control in page, or the seek slider CTRL + SHIFT + TAB Back Forward To eject a CD (if there is only one CD/DVD drive) Playback controls Command Play/Pause Stop Fast forward Keystrokes CTRL + P CTRL + S CTRL + SHIFT + F ALT + LEFT ARROW ALT + RIGHT ARROW CTRL + J

Jump backward or forward by one four With the focus on the seek slider, SHIFT + LEFT hundredth of the length of the track ARROW or SHIFT + RIGHT ARROW Jump backward or forward by one twentieth With the focus on the seek slider, LEFT ARROW or of the length of the track RIGHT ARROW Jump backward or forward by one fifth of With the focus on the seek slider, CTRL + LEFT the length of the track ARROW or CTRL + RIGHT ARROW Use a normal play speed Use a fast play speed (1.4x) Use a slow play speed (0.5x) Mute Decrease volume Increase volume CTRL + SHIFT + N CTRL + SHIFT + G CTRL + SHIFT + S F7 F8 F9
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Previous item Next item Toggle shuffle Toggle repeat

CTRL + B CTRL + F CTRL + H CTRL + T

Read the name of the track which is playing INSERT + CTRL + T (Jaws 10 or later) Library page

Rip page Command Keystrokes

Start/Stop rip ALT + S Burn page Command Keystrokes

Artist view of library CTRL + 7 Album view of library CTRL + 8 Songs view of library CTRL + 9 Search edit box CTRL + E

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Start/Stop burn

ALT + S

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