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About us...
n March 2004 Aiswarya Agencies started at Attur to cater the needs of local
population's demand for the quality water purifiers. t sells, nstalls and services
both domestic and commercial water purifiers. t brings about 5000 families and
more than 100 educational, commercial and industrial establishments into health
drinking water, quality process water folder. The quality of product supplied, the
end use, the durability, the prompt services offered by us took up us to
incorporate United Watertech. Pvt. Ltd a Commercial Water Purifier
manufacturing company along with other water technological experts in 2007.
We design, manufacture, nstall and Services the commercial water purifiers with
the state of the art technology and nternational Quality Standards. We have
service network almost entire Tamil Nadu.


THE PROCESS OF REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER PURIFICATION
The growing pollution makes us to consume the unsafe water. Though the world
covers with 70% of water, only 3% of it has the property to use as a drinking
water. But it also not safe to use as direct drinking water. The World Health
Organization warns that about 80% of diseases spread to human through water.
Hence we are forced to purify the water, so as to safeguard us from diseases.

Reverse Osmosis is a latest technology to remove all total dissolved solids,
chemicals from water upto 95%. t removes bacteria and viruses to a level of
99%. t restores the original taste and quality of water. None other economical
technology is there to purify the water to this level.

The water to be treated may contain the contaminants, classified as below:
1. Physical Contaminant Dirt, Sediments etc.,
2. Chemical Contaminant Dissolved Salts, Fertilizers, Pesticides, Chlorine
etc.,
3. Biological contaminant Bacteria, Viruses, protozoa etc.

RemovaI of PhysicaI Contaminants: The physical contaminants such as dirt,
sediments etc., are removed by passing the water through the beds of sand and
pebbles, activated carbon and micron filter. Other technologies are clarification,
flocculation.

RemovaI of ChemicaI Contaminants: The chemical contaminants can be
classified into two types. 1. Organic Chemical Contaminants 2.norganic
Chemical Contaminants. Most organic chemical contaminants are removed by
passing the water through activated carbon bed. norganic chemicals can only be
removed by Reverse Osmosis membrane. f the hardness is more than 400mg/ltr
softener need to be used. Other technologies for removal of inorganic chemicals
are distillation, demineralization by ion exchange process.

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RemovaI of BioIogicaI Contaminants: Most fecal bacterias removed from
water by activated carbon, the remaining biological contaminants eliminated by
Reverse Osmosis membrane. Other technologies for destroying biological
impurities are Ultra Violet (UV) Sterilization, Ozonisation, boiling, chlorination.

Though RO (Reverse Osmosis) element removes all type of contaminants, the
RO water purifier unit is designed in the following way. Before the water enter
into the RO element, most of the physical contaminants, part of chemical and
biological contaminants are removed.


PICTURE OF RO WATER PLANTS



Pressure meters

Raw
Water
Pump
PP Filters
Multistage
Pump
RO Membranes
FLOW DIAGRAM OF RO PLANT
Press
ure
Carbo
n
Filter
Press
ure
Sand
Filter
Raw
Water
Pure Water
Reject Water
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The water to be treated fed into the sand filter (arranged with layers of different
sizes of sand and pebbles) by a centrifugal pump when inlet pressure is low, then
water pass through activated carbon, Micron filters, multistage pump, reverse
osmosis membrane. Before water enters into the multistage pump Antiscalent
chemical dosing is given.

The InIet Water Conditions for RO Treatment PIant:

1. CoIor Clear
2. Turbidity Below 5 NTU
3. TotaI Hardness Below 400ppm
4. TotaI DissoIved SoIids (TDS) Below 1500ppm
5. Iron & SiIica Nil


Raw Water Pump: Ordinary centrifugal pump is required when the inlet water
pressure is low. The pump feed the water into the pressure sand/carbon filters
and micron filters.

PRESSURE SAND FILTER: Here the filtration media is sand and pebbles. t
reduces the physical contaminants such as dirt, turbidity, sediment etc.

PRESSURE CARBON FILTER: This filter filled with granular activated carbon. t
removes the color, odor, organic chemicals, chlorine and most fecal bacteria.

SOFTENER: f the total hardness is above 400mg/lit, the water needs to be
softened by installing a softener plant before the RO unit. Softener plant consists
of a vessel filled with Sodium Zeolite resin. As magnesium and calcium gives
hardness to the water, these hardness giving substances are eliminated by the
softener resin by substituting sodium ions to the water. Softener resin can be
regenerated by using sodium chloride solution (Ordinary Salt).

POLYPROPYLENE (PP) MICRON FILTER: The PP wounds of 10 micron
accuracy permeate holes of 2 nos used to remove the sediments in water.

MULTISTAGE RO PUMP: Specially designed multistage centrifugal pump
increases the raw water pressure about 12 to 14kgf/cm
2
, so that the pure water
able to permeate through membrane holes.

RO MEMBRANE: A thin film cellulose acetate composite membrane of 0.0001
micron size pores is used to reduce all types of contaminants. t rejects more
than 90% of salts, chemicals and 99% of biological contaminants. Thus enriches
the natural taste of water.

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CHEMICAL DOSING PUMP: To prevent the scaling in the membrane
Antiscalent chemical liquid is used. The liquid is fed into the raw water before the
multistage pump by means of a small chemical dosing pump.

RECIRCULATION VALVES: These valves are installed between the multistage
pump and reject water outlet from membrane. These valves used in the times of
chemical washing of membranes.

ROTAMETERS: These variable area flow meters are used to measure the
volume flow of water. Usually two meters are used to find out the flow rates of
pure and reject water.

PRESSURE GAUGES: Pressure meters are used to find out the water
pressures. Usually one gauge will be mounted at water inlet at multistage pump
and another at membrane reject water outlet before the reject outlet control
valve.
HIGH/LOW PRESSURE SWITCHES: These switches shut the multistage pump
when the inlet pressure is low or outlet pressure is high, thus safeguards the
pump and membranes.

CONCENTRATION (REJECT WATER) PRESSURE REGULATOR: This setup
helps to maintain the pressure inside the membrane.

ONLINE TDS /CONDUCTIVITY METER: Total Dissolve Solids can be measured
online by installing these meters at appropriate places.

AUTO FLUSHING SYSTEM (with SoIenoid VaIve & Timer): This system
flushes the RO system automatically for a preset period and hence enhances the
life of membranes. Required when the inlet TDS is above 1200ppm.






RO MEMBRANE 8ZE
COMPAR8ON
RO 5000LPH UNT
RO Membrane
0.0001 Micron
Hair
50Micron
Bacteria
0.4 -1 Micron
Virus
0.02 -0.04 Micron
Dissolved Salts
0.005 Micron
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INDIAN STANDARD DRINKING WATER SPECIFICATION (BIS 10500:1991)

SI.
No


Substance or Characteristic

DesirabIe Limit
PermissibIe Limit in the
absence of AIternative
Source

EssentiaI Characteristics
1 Colour,(Hazen units, Max) 5 25
2 Odour Unobjectionable Unobjectionable
3 Taste Agreeable Agreeable
4 Turbidity(NTU, Max) 5 10
5 pH value 6.5 to 8.5 No relaxation
6 Total Hardness(as CaCO
3
)mg/lit,
Max
300 600
7 ron (as Fe) mg/lit, Max 0.3 1.0
8 Chlorides (as Cl) mg/lit, Max 250 1000
9 Residual, free chlorine, mg/lit, Min 0.2 ---
DesirabIe Characteristics
10 Dissolved Solids mg/lit, Max 500 2000
11 Calcium (as Ca) mg/lit, Max 75 200
12 Copper (as Cu) mg/lit, Max 0.05 1.5
13 Manganese (as Mn) mg/lit, Max 0.10 0.3
14 Sulfate (as SO
4
) mg/lit, Max 200 400
15 Nitrate (as NO
3
) mg/lit, Max 45 100
16 Fluoride (as F) mg/lit, Max 1.9 1.5
17 Phenolic Compounds (as C
6
H
5
OH)
mg/lit, Max
0.001 0.002
18 Mercury(as Hg) mg/lit, Max 0.001 No relaxation
19 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/lit, Max 0.01 No relaxation
20 Selenium (as Se) mg/lit, Max 0.01 No relaxation
21 Arsenic (as As) mg/lit, Max 0.05 No relaxation
22 Cyanide (as CN) mg/lit, Max 0.05 No relaxation
23 Lead (as Pb) mg/lit, Max 0.05 No relaxation
24 Zinc (as Zn) mg/lit, Max 5 15
25 Anionic detergents (as MBAS)
mg/lit, Max
0.2 1.0
26 Chromium (as Cr
6+
) mg/lit, Max 0.05 No relaxation
27 Polynuclear aromatic hydro carbons
(as PAH) g/lit, Max
-- --
28 Mineral Oil mg/lit, Max 0.01 0.03
29 Pesticides mg/lit, Max Absent 0.001
30 Radioactive materials
i. Alpha emitters Bq/l, Max -- 0.1
ii.Beta emitters pci/l, Max -- 1.0
31 Alkanity mg/lit, Max 200 600
32 Aluminium (as Al) mg/lit, Max 0.03 0.2
33 Boron, mg/lit, Max 1 5



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THE RO PLANT DESIGN FOR P.A.SCHOOL

The water analysis report shows that most parameters exceed the desirable limit
for drinking purpose. The water need to be treated with Reverse Osmosis
System to convert the water to be drinkable. Total dissolved solids can be
reduced by reverse osmosis filtration, while the total hardness is higher than the
prescribed limit of 400ppm for RO System, hardness need to be reduced by
installing a water softener. Since the water is acidic (pH is 6.53), for health
reasons the pH needs to be increased by installing pH boosting filter after the RO
treatment. The plant needs to be designed in the following way:

Synonyms:
P1 Raw water feed pump PSF Pressure Sand Filter
PCF Pressure Carbon Filter MF Micron Filter
Softn Softener NaCI Sodium Chloride (Domestic Salt) solution tank
P2 Pump for regeneration RW Regeneration waste
CDP Chemical Dosing Pump MSROP Multistage RO Booster Pump
SWS Soft Water Storage P3 Soft water feed pump

The waste water can be used for the toilet purpose/ watering the plants.









Raw
water
tank
P1
P
S
F
P
C
F
M
F
S
o
f
t
n
Na
Cl P2
M
F
Antiscalent
Chemical
CDP
M
S
R
O
P
R
W
R
O

M
E
M
B
R
A
N
E
Waste
Water
Pure
Water
pH
Boost
SWS
P3
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our water test report is given below:-

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INDIAN STANDARD DRINKING WATER SPECIFICATION (BIS 10500:1991)

SI.
No


Substance or Characteristic

DesirabIe Limit
(Maximum)
PermissibIe Limit
in the absence of
AIternative
Source

Your
Water
EssentiaI Characteristics
1 Colour,(Hazen units, Max) 5 25 <5
2 Odour Unobjectionable Unobjectionable
3 Taste Agreeable Agreeable
4 Turbidity(NTU, Max) 5 10 <1
5 Ph value 6.5 to 8.5 No relaxation 6.53
6 Total Hardness(as CaCO
3
)mg/lit,
Max
300 600 1016
7 ron (as Fe) mg/lit, Max 0.3 1.0 0.1
8 Chlorides (as Cl) mg/lit, Max 250 1000 809
9 Residual, free chlorine, mg/lit, Min 0.2 --- nil
DesirabIe Characteristics
10 Dissolved Solids mg/lit, Max 500 2000 2680
11 Calcium (as Ca) mg/lit, Max 75 200 199.19
12 Copper (as Cu) mg/lit, Max 0.05 1.5
13 Manganese (as Mn) mg/lit, Max 0.10 0.3
14 Sulfate (as SO
4
) mg/lit, Max 200 400 487
15 Nitrate (as NO
3
) mg/lit, Max 45 100
16 Fluoride (as F) mg/lit, Max 1.9 1.5 0.35
17 Phenolic Compounds (as C
6
H
5
OH)
mg/lit, Max
0.001 0.002
18 Mercury(as Hg) mg/lit, Max 0.001 No relaxation
19 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/lit, Max 0.01 No relaxation
20 Selenium (as Se) mg/lit, Max 0.01 No relaxation
21 Arsenic (as As) mg/lit, Max 0.05 No relaxation
22 Cyanide (as CN) mg/lit, Max 0.05 No relaxation
23 Lead (as Pb) mg/lit, Max 0.05 No relaxation
24 Zinc (as Zn) mg/lit, Max 5 15
25 Anionic detergents (as MBAS)
mg/lit, Max
0.2 1.0
26 Chromium (as Cr
6+
) mg/lit, Max 0.05 No relaxation
27 Polynuclear aromatic hydro
carbons (as PAH) g/lit, Max
-- --
28 Mineral Oil mg/lit, Max 0.01 0.03
29 Pesticides mg/lit, Max Absent 0.001
30 Radioactive materials
i. Alpha emitters Bq/l, Max -- 0.1
ii.Beta emitters pci/l, Max -- 1.0
31 Alkanity mg/lit, Max 200 600 483
32 Aluminium (as Al) mg/lit, Max 0.03 0.2
33 Boron, mg/lit, Max 1 5


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MCL Minimum Contamination Level
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OUP VAPIOUS PO WATEP PLAMT MODELS,,.






4000 LPH
1000 LPH
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OUP VAPIOUS PO WATEP PLAMT MODELS,,.
















6000 LPH SS DeIuxe ISI Grade
1000 LPH
4000 LPH IndustriaI
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