CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Job satisfaction has been defined as a pleasurable emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job; an affective reaction to ones job; and an attitude towards ones job, furthermore Job satisfaction describes how content an individual is with his or her job, it is a relatively recent term since in previous centuries the jobs available to a particular person were often predetermined by the occupation of that persons parent, and also there are a variety of factors that can influence a persons level of job satisfaction. Some of these factors include the level of pay and benefits, the perceived fairness of the promotion system within a company, the quality of the working conditions, leadership and social relationships. The happier people are within their job, because Job satisfaction is not the same as motivation, although it is clearly linked. Job design aims to enhance job satisfaction and performance methods include job rotation, job enlargement and job enrichment, other influences on satisfaction include the management style and culture, employee involvement, empowerment and autonomous workgroups. Job satisfaction is a very important attribute which is frequently measured by organizations; the most common way of measurement is the use of rating scales where employees report their reactions to their jobs. Questions relate to relate of pay, work responsibilities, variety of tasks, promotional opportunities the work itself and co-workers and so on. Everyone knows from the news about dissatisfied workers going on strike or even acting violently toward their supervisors, directors, but overall people are quite satisfied with their jobs. A Conference Board study found that 58.6 percent of Americans were satisfied with their jobs in 1995 by the year 2000, that percentage was down to 50.7.

But in Uzbekistan people generally aren't satisfied with their job. The reason lays in lack of job choices and payment; People do their job without any satisfaction because they have to earn some money to survive.

I think that the main reasons why the people in Uzbekistan are not satisfied with the work they do are the absence of good knowledge of management in the organizations and corruption. As we got knowledge from the "Organizational behavior" course, we know that job satisfaction influences on employee performance within the organization and organization's productivity in the whole, So let's see what is job satisfaction and what factors can influence it. Job Satisfaction is an individual's general attitude toward his or her job, or the feelings, reflecting attitudes toward one's job, we known as job satisfaction.

Settings, related to the personnel job satisfaction and devotion to the company, are presenting special interest for the theory of organizational behavior and practice of human resource management. A discussion of the job satisfaction problem concentrates attention on the employees' attitude toward their job, and a discussion of organization devotion on the attitude toward the organization in the whole.

Scope of the study

The development of any organization is mainly depending on the satisfaction level of employees so that they can perform well in the organization, The Company can analyze the level of employee satisfaction in their organization. The company can improve the working conditions, environment and other policies to satisfy the employees based on the results of my survey. They can implement my valuable suggestions to overcome many problems faced by the organization. I can understand how actually an organization works and can get more insight on the concept of job satisfaction. It provides me a great opportunity to relate theoretical concepts learnt in my course to the actual happenings in the organization. I can get an opportunity to provide suggestions.

Job satisfaction often is a collection of attitudes about specific factors of the job. Employees can be satisfied with some elements of the job while simultaneously dissatisfied with others. Moreover, job satisfaction is a life satisfaction. The study may be beneficial both for the department and the employees. Department can benefit by knowing the employees. Department can benefit by knowing the employees level of satisfaction. For the employees indirectly helps them to convey their expectations regarding the job security, safety appliances, Grievance committee etc to the department. This project highlights the scope for future improvement in above requirements provided to the employees. The study on job satisfaction helps to know their preference and problem of the employees. Mainly five factors influenced job satisfaction opportunity, leadership pay, promotion and fair rewards, when these five factors were high. Job satisfaction was high in all organization, when these five factors were low. Job satisfaction is low. So the needs of the employees are carefully studied by conducting survey on job satisfaction towards highways department. Salem (Division) This study is very useful and helpful to know the problem faced by the employees and also know the employee requirements. Job Satisfaction is the favorableness or un-favorableness with which the employee views his work. It expresses the amount of agreement between ones expectation of the job and the rewards that the job provides. Job Satisfaction is a part of life satisfaction. The nature of ones environment of job is an important part of life as Job Satisfaction influences ones general life satisfaction. Job Satisfaction, thus, is the result of various attitudes possessed by an employee.

In a narrow sense, these attitudes are related to the job under Condition with such specific factors such as wages. Supervisors of employment, conditions of work, social relation on the job, prompt settlement of grievances and fair treatment by employer. However, more comprehensive approach requires that many factorsareto be included before a complete understanding of job satisfaction can be obtained. Such factors as employees age, health temperature, desire and level of aspiration should be considered. Further his family relationship, Social status, recreational outlets, and activity in the organizations etc.

PROBLEM SATATEMENT It said that every employee is productive employee, so any kind of grievance relating to organizational or personal to a greater extent influence on the job, So every organization is giving higher priority to keep their employees with satisfaction by providing several facilities which improve satisfaction and reduce dissatisfaction. Job satisfaction is considered as a key issue by the entrepreneur where efforts are taken and programs are initiated. If the employees is not satisfied with the job there are chances for absenteeism, lower productivity, committing mistakes, diverting energy for deferent types of conflicts keeping this things in views of all organizations are trying to identify the areas where satisfaction to be improved to get out of the above dangers. OBJECTIVES Job satisfaction is a persons attitude towards the job. Positive attitude towards the job are equivalent to job satisfaction where as negative attitude towards the job is equivalent to job dissatisfaction. Job satisfaction has been defined variously from time to time. The term job satisfaction refers to an individuals general attitude towards his or her job, while a person who is dissatisfied with his or her works holds negative attitude about the job. Also the main objective is to study the job satisfaction level of employees and to suggest measure, which may be help the organization in improving the job satisfaction level among the employees.

To identify the satisfaction level of the employees on their job

To find the significance difference among male and female employees with respect to job Factors To find out the satisfaction level regarding the compensation plans, transparency and leadership To analyze employees loyalty toward accompany and to understand the commitment of management toward employees, in term of trust empowerment.

To Measure the employees level of satisfaction on their pay

To identify the factors influencing job satisfaction in the sample unit. To offer suggestion and recommendation for improving job satisfaction in the department.

To analyze the job satisfaction in a particular sector and reasoning of dissatisfaction among the employees.

The major factors influencing job satisfaction are presented below:

Supervision To a worker, Supervision is equally a strong contributor to the job satisfaction as well as to the job dissatisfaction. The feelings of workers towards his supervisors are usually similar to his feeling towards the company. The role of supervisor is a focal point for attitude formation. Bad supervision results in absenteeism and labor turnover. Good supervision results in higher production and good industrial relations. Co-workers Various studies had traced this factor as a factor of intermediate importance. Ones associates with others had frequently been motivated as a factor in job satisfaction. Certainly, this seems reasonable because people like to be near their friends. The workers derive satisfaction when the co-workers are helpful, friendly and co-operative. PAY Studies also show that most of the workers felt satisfied when they are paid more adequately to the work performed by them. The relative important of pay would probably changing factor in job satisfaction or dissatisfaction. AGE Age has also been found to have a direct relationship to level job of satisfaction of employees. In some groups job satisfaction is higher with increasing age, in other groups job satisfaction is lower and in other there is no difference at all.

Marital status Marital status has an important role in deciding the job satisfaction. Most of the studies have revealed that the married person finds dissatisfaction in his job than his unmarried counterpart. The reasons stated to be are that wages were insufficient due to increased cost of living, educations to children etc.

Education Studies conducted among various workers revealed that most of workers who had not completed their school education showed higher satisfaction level. However, educated workers felt less satisfied in their job.

Working condition The result of various studies shows that working condition is an important factor. Good working atmosphere and pleasant surroundings help increasing the production of industry. Working conditions are more important to women workers than men workers.

CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW A Literature review is the summary and critical evaluation of pervious published or unpublished researches made by various scholars and researchers. The source of literature review may be newspapers, articles, journals, magazines, books, thesis, reports etc. It must be written clearly and accurately, Simple and easily understandable wording should be used in a review and unnecessary statements, jargon should be avoided. It must be written in such a way that it keeps readers attention and dont make him bore.

The industrial and business sectors of various countries speciallydeveloping countries including Pakistan (where per capita income is very low) are facing the problem of job dissatisfaction among the employees and high rate of turnover.

What is employee turnover? Employee turnover is a ratio comparison of the number of employees a company must replace in a given time period to the average number of total employees. Many factors play a role in the employeeturnover rate of any company, and these can stem from both theemployer and the empl oyees. Wages, company benefits, employeeattendance, and job performance are all factors that play a significant trole in employee turnover.The good hope is hard to find, is even truer these days than ever before because the job market in becoming increasingly tight. (Eskildesen,Hammer.Theresa examine he job satisfaction and intent to turnover using the corelational design Two instruments were utilized that measure the overall (Specter job satisfaction) and facet job satisfaction and intenturn over (Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire). Demographic information regarding age and tenure were examined.

Data analysis includes descriptive and inferential statistics. The result from the studysuggests that there is a significant and negative correlation between jobsatisfaction and intent to turnover. It was demonstrated that tenure isrelated to job satisfaction and having positive & low
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relation.Bhatti

&

Qureshi

collect

the

information

regarding

the

Name

of organization, Life of organization in years, Number of employee,Employee participation, Job satisfaction, Employee commitment &Employee Productivity from the first line managers and their immediatebosses. The Managers were given a questionnaire and were asked to givethe answer at their best knowledge with reference to working conditionsin their organization. Questionnaire was divided in to two portions. Firstline manager had to answer the question regarding name of

organization,life of organization, number of employees, employee participation, jobsatisfaction and employee commitment. While the immediate bosses wasto answer the question from the portion of employee productivity.

Methodology

The present study is an empirical one and field method is used for collection of required data. The enquiry covered a sample of 150 employees selected in Salem (Division) the personal interview technique was employed to collect the relevant from the selected employees
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Research objectives

The highways department is well organised in many aspects. The workers are well experience in their field. Generally the job satisfaction level is good. Rules and regulation are maintained promptly. The relationship of workers between superiors and colleagues is satisfactory. If highways department correct all the few problem area means the overall job satisfaction level will be improved and this will create good impact on the department as a whole in aspects.

Suggestions

Provide awareness board, red flags in the road, it is helpful for the public to know, road work in the process.

More number of vacancies in the department, Government takes necessary steps to fill up the vacancies; it will reduce the work to sub staffs.

First aid safety appliances cannot be provided to the employees, it is major draw back for the department; Government takes necessary steps to eradicate the problem of the workers.

Limitation

An employee has fear to reveal the negative aspects.

The study is applicable only to highways department Salem (Division) and not to any other similar division of highways.
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 Due to scarcity of time and considering the resource available, the study was limited to 150 respondents The information collected is based on the perception of the respondents

END REFERENCES. 1Theresa Ricke-Kiely, University of South Coroline, U.S.A. 2- *Komal Khalid Bhatti, B u s i n e s s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n D e p a r t m e n t , Mohammad Ali Jinnah University,**Tahir Masood Qureshi, Business Administration Department,Mohammad Ali Jinnah University

(Allen, Drevs, & Ruhe, 1999; Kleinman, 2004;

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