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A study on employees absenteeism conducted at go go international pvt ltd

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A study on employees absenteeism conducted at go go international pvt ltd - Document Transcript

1. Employees Absenteeism INTRODUCTION TITLE OF THE PROJECT: A study on EMPLOYEES ABSENTEEISM with special reference to GO GO INTERNATIONAL Pvt. Ltd., HASSAN. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To identify the reasons for Absenteeism 2. To measure the Employees Absenteeism level. 3. To identify steps required to decrease the Absenteeism. 4. To study, Employees working conditions. 5. To identify factors that motivates the Employees ,which minimise Absenteeism H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 1 2. Employees Absenteeism SCOPE OF THE STUDY: The development of any organization depends on the regularity of employees. The study is conducted to know the various levels and reasons for absence of employees in an organization. By looking it, one can adopt corrective measures to decrease irregularities in the organization ,leads to organisational growth. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 2

3. Employees Absenteeism PROBLEM STATEMENT: Important characteristics of Indian workers are that, they are in the habit of abstaining from work compared to workers of other countries. The rate of Absenteeism ranges from 4.3% to 44.8%.It also varies with the seasons in the year, the highest being during May, June of every year. The main reasons for absenteeism are sickness, accidents or maternity. These factors accounted for about 1.1 to 6.6%. Social and religious causes as high as 1.7% to14.2 %.Other causes like visiting villages for attending litigation, rest, and recreation account for 0.1% to17.5 % of total absenteeism. Absenteeism is directly effects on the progress of the country and as such the companies are facing a downward trend due to recession and all that are involved in the process are to be looked into. So I have selected this work at GO GO INTERNATIONAL Pvt. Ltd., Hassan to identify the level of absenteeism and to facilitate the company to move in this direction and find some progressive results. Naturally organization has to look in to these aspects and need to find suitable remedial measures so that qualitative and quantitative progress can be achieved. In this present study Employees Absenteeism is analysed in depth. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 3 4. Employees Absenteeism RESEARCH METHODOLOGY There are 3 types, they are: 1. Explorative 2. Descriptive 3. Experimental Descriptive methodology is used in the present study. Data Sources: Primary Data: The Primary data was collected from the respondents by administering a structured questionnaire and also through observations, interviews & discussion with Management team. Secondary Data: Apart from Primary data, the secondary data is being collected through Text books, records of GO GO International Pvt. Limited, Journals from Library, Academic Reports, and Internet , used for this study. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 4 5. Employees Absenteeism Sampling: Sample Population: There are total 1115 employees working in the organization. Sample Size: Out of the total population, the sample taken among respondents from the quality department is 95. Sampling Area: The research was conducted at quality department of GO GO International Pvt. Limited Hassan. Sample Method: The research was made by the survey in accordance to the convenience of the employees. So the sample type is convenience sampling. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 5 6. Employees Absenteeism TOOLS USED FOR ANALYSIS Instrument: A structured Questionnaire is used, and the type of questionnaire is target questions. Method: The research was conducted by using contact methods through Questionnaire, Interview and Observation. The information was collected from the employees of quality department only. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 6 7. Employees Absenteeism DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES: The data is analyzed with Simple analysis technique. The data tool is percentage method. Percentage method is used in making comparison between two or more criteria. This method is used to describe relationship. Percentage of Respondents = No. of Respondents/ Total no of Respondents X 100 H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 7 8. Employees Absenteeism 2.1 INDUSTRY PROFILE Indian textile industry can be compared to a pyramid of ice floating in water. Only one tenth of the pyramid is visible, in the form of large textile mills in the organized sector. The body of the textile pyramid consists of the decentralized power loom and handloom sectors, which account for the bulk of Indias production. The base of the pyramid is the downstream apparel and

household textile sectors. The entire pyramid employs about fifteen million (as in 2007, it was estimated 20 million) workers- most of whom work in small firms in the decentralized sector. Indeed, the structure of the Indian textile industry is as varied and deep-rooted as is its reform, challenging and daunting Indian textile and clothing industry is the largest foreign exchange earner for the country, and employs over 20 million people, second only to agriculture. India cannot afford to let this industry grow sick. That would be nothing short of a human tragedy. Until the era of globalization liberalization was launched at the opening of the current decade, the domestic market was a protected turf, and a sellers market. However, with the forces of globalization having been unleashed, and accentuated by the coming into force of the WTO in 1995, there is no looking back. The world has changed and is changing. In the borderless world, only the fittest would survive. Indian textile and clothing industry is beset with several shortcomings, in no small measure due to the lop-sided govt. policy in the post-1947 India. But now it must change. It must change if it is not be blows away by the global market forces, both in the international market as well as by imports in the domestic territory. And contrary to the common refrain of the industrialists in textile industry, the onus of infusing a refreshing change lies more on the industry (firms) than on the government. This is not to be little the significant role of a facilitator that govt alone can provide. But competitive strategy originates at the level of the firm. No amount of macroeconomic change can make the firms in the industry competitive. The govt. must evolve a national policy, which can act as a general guideline for the firms to define their unique positioning strategy. Given the national environment, the firms must control their own destiny, or someone else will. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 8 9. Employees Absenteeism 2.2 COMPANY PROFILE 2.2 1 PROMOTORS AND MANAGEMENT: GO GO International Pvt .Ltd., a privately owned company being managed by the promoters. The company was started in 1983 by Mr.S.S.Goenka who hails from a family of entrepreneurs. Mr.Goenka alone managed his business for many years and strived to put Go Go International amongst well established exporters. Some years later, Mr.Rajeev Goenka, the elder son joined hands in the business with his father. Mr.Rajeev Goenka a Mechanical Engineer gave a whole new outlook to the business. His engineering background helped him look at new and better technology for improving quality of products, improving design and reducing time. He personally supervises the production processes and ensures a smooth and unbroken flow. Mr.Achal Goenka, a Doctor by profession and the second son of Mr.S.S.Goenka also joined hands in the business in 1992. He is conversant with the latest international trends and tastes. Quality control is an obsession with him. In the process to maintain quality of fabrics, a process house for dyeing and printing of different kinds of fabric was incorporated in 1995. A company that started off modestly started increasing its business across the globe and is presently doing a turnover of over 6 million garments every year and increasing constantly. In the increasing and thriving business, Ms.Nirmal and Ms.Lalita the daughter-in-laws of Mr.S.S.Goenka have also joined hands in running the ever expanding demand. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 9 10. Employees Absenteeism Company With A Difference..! H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 10 11. Employees Absenteeism 2.2. 2 MARKETS AND CLIENTS: GO GO exports garments to EU countries like Italy, France, Spain, Belgium, Norway, Holland, Germany, Austria and

also Switzerland, Scandinavia and Hungary. Outside Europe GO GO exports to the United States of America, Canada, Mexico and Australia. In America they are supplying to firms like Vanity Fair, Steven Berry, and Blake Hollister etc.. In Europe their main customers are Coop, Bestseller, Replay, Adler, Guru, Makro Stores and SCA Textiles etc. GO GO International customers span a wide spectrum- order sizes vary from 5,000 units to 1 million units. All receive the same care and attention that Go Go is known for. When GO GO International decides to accept a client, a complete team is assigned to the task at hands. Each team comprises of a Sr. Merchandiser, Merchandiser, sampling team and production controller for both sales and production. 2.2 3 VISION: Begin with a vision Build with resources that are dynamically matched with a strong commitment to excellence in products and processes, through a team of dedicated people, while ensuring a clean environment for our plant, the Earth. All to serve the customer better. 2.2 4 MISSION: To truly partner with our customers to deliver business solutions which rest on product differentiation? H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 11 12. Employees Absenteeism Export Oriented Company H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 12 13. Employees Absenteeism 2.2. 5 QUALITY POLICY GOGO INTERNATIONAL COMMITTED TO: 1. Supplying products of consistent quality to satisfy the customers requirement. 2. Delivering the goods at the right place at the right time and at the right price. 3. Responding quickly and effectively in all communication with customers. 4. Training of all employees in achieving the products of high quality. 5. Ensuring good quality raw material supply from suppliers. 6. Having effective communication with suppliers. This will be achieved through the implementation and maintenance of a welldocumented system to meet the requirement of buyers standard. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 13 14. Employees Absenteeism Production Unit H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 14 15. Employees Absenteeism 2.3 PRODUCT PROFILE: GO GO Intentional Companys commitment to specialization extents to the fabric used to manufacture garments. The main range is of garments made from knitted fabric. The company caters to Mens, Ladies and Children knitted garments. The range includes outerwear, sportswear, party wear, Nightwear and active wear. Recently GO GO International has also ventured into ladies fashion garments in Woven fabrics. This was mainly to consistent insistence from their existing buyers. Now, they are in the verge of expanding their dimensions in woven garments also. The fabric for manufacture is mostly acquired locally. At times it is sourced from Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore or Korea to meet individual requirements. Go Go has computerized embroidery machines which are capable of producing 10,000 pieces per day. Go Go also has in house facilities for hand embroidery. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 15 16. Employees Absenteeism 2.3. 1 COMPETITORS: The main competitors of GOGO International are Gokul Das Exports, Gokul Das Images, Shahi Exports, and Bombay Rayon etc. 2.3. 2 INFRASTRUCTURE: GO GO has invested heavily in infrastructure, not only for manufacturing of garments but also to streamline the entire production and marketing process. GO GO has made Hassan its hub for manufacturing facilities as well as its support department: Shipping, Quality control, Designing, Sampling, Embroidery, Computer Systems and Accounts. It also has sourcing, marketing and manufacturing offices at Delhi, Ludhiana, Tuticorin and Tirupur. Three Showrooms are maintained for

fashion and high fashion garments. Overall GO GO International employs around 2000 employees which include over 300 administrative staff. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 16 17. Employees Absenteeism Work in progress H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 17 18. Employees Absenteeism 2.3. 3 DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: Mr.Vasudeva P V, Hr manager heads the HR department. The staffs of HR Dept. include the junior Hr executives, a welfare officer, a nurse, a crche in charge, house keeping staff. HR VISION: Build with resources that are dynamically matched with a strong commitment to excellence in products and processes, through a team of dedicated people, while ensuring a clean environment for our planet, the Earth. All to serve the customer better. Functions performed by the HR Department Recruitment Induction Time office Wages & salary administration Industrial relations Safety& welfare Security H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 18 19. Employees Absenteeism Recruitment and selection procedure: In GO GO International Pvt. Ltd recruitment procedure is as follows. First, Department Heads will do the manpower planning. After identifying the manpower need they send a report as per qualification and required number of candidate, to HR Department? From there the issue would be discussed with the management and if it is really required then the HR department will take proper steps for recruitment. After that they will take proper steps like advisement, are placed in papers, approaching consultancies for recruitment and also recruit employee through referrals. Recruitment is a centralized process in GO GO International Pvt.Ltd both external& internal sources of recruitment are carried out on to recruit applicants. The management will conduct a medical test, so as to know whether they are fit to work. Training is given to selected candidates. INDUCTION: The induction programme will be conducted for newly appointed candidates. The selected candidates are introduced to their colleagues, their workplace etc. They are appraised to the nature of duties, leave benefits, salary, position in hierarchy etc. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 19 20. Employees Absenteeism 2.3. 4 TRAINING: IDENTIFICATION OF THE TRAINING NEEDS: Training needs may be new training needs or retraining needs. These are identified once in a year. Department heads identify the training needs of their employee through appraisal system. New employee is assigned a new job and is trained for the same. Training needs are considered at 3 levels 1) Individual level 2) Department level 3) Organization level Kinds of training provide On the job training In house training Annually Training Dept. prepares its own training calendar. It also prepares monthly training schedule& all the employees are given the required training. Wages and salary administration: Wages and salary administration is computerized and it is calculated on the basis of attendance. .In case of unpaid wages & salary reconciliation is made .When an employee resigns full and final settlement of his account is made. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 20 21. Employees Absenteeism 2.3 5 LABOUR WELFARE FACILITIES GO GO International Pvt.Ltd provides many labour facilities some of them are as mentioned below; Canteen: The canteen at the company is well maintained and is under contractual basis. Employees are provided with subsidized food during the working hours. The objective of this facility is to provide clean, hygienic and nutritious food for the workers at cheaper cost, providing neat hygienic place for workers to consume food. Canteen provides a meeting

place for all the workers. First Aid facility: First Aid boxes at cupboards well equipped with the prescribed medicine are provided in all the departments. Each box is in charge of responsibility of the person who holds a certificate in the first aid treatment. Ambulance room service is also provided during the working hours. An ambulance van is maintained in the company to take employee to the hospital in case of accident. Maternity benefit: ML is payable for a maximum of 12 weeks in case of confinement and minimum of 6 weeks. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 21 22. Employees Absenteeism Disablement benefit: If there were any temporary disablement due to employment injury then if the person were insured he would be compensated with about 70% of daily average wage. If disablement is permanent, then periodical payment is paid for the person who is insured or to the dependent of the injured person. Reward for best service: Every employee is rewarded for outstanding performance in the factory. Cash prize and other benefits are given. This implies to workmen to the grade up to the junior managers.. 2.3. 6 LEAVE ADMINISTRATION Earned leave: Permanent workmen who have actually worked in a particular leave year for 240 days would be entitled for 12 days EL. For the days worked in excess of 240 days, concerned workmen would be entitled to 1 EL for every 20 days actually worked. Creche: The factory has a special facility for the employees of the organization .The crche looks after the children of the employees during their working hours. Children between the age group of 1 year to 4 year will be taken in. Every child birthday will be celebrated by cutting cake & the child would be given a birthday gift from the company. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 22 23. Employees Absenteeism Employee welfare: The welfare officer will look after employee welfare. They will be having many important responsibilities to be taken care of. Welfare officer is in charge for the induction of the new employees. He/ she have to guide the employees by educating them about the welfare benefits, like PF, Insurance, etc. He/she arranges regular workshops, demos, lectures, seminars, etc for the employee. For example Monthly awareness programme for new employees. Safety measures taught to the employees Personnel hygiene Extinguishing fire Womens day celebration etc 2.3. 7 DIFFERENT COMMITIES: Canteen committee Prevention of Sexual Harassment committee Health & Safety committee Works committee Canteen committee: This committee looks after the canteen issues in the factory. The committee consists of 10 members. They organize a meeting at the end of the month and discuss various issues about the canteen facilities. They also collect feedbacks from the employees regarding the food provided. Hygiene, one among priorities suggestion if any given are work out. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 23 24. Employees Absenteeism Committee against sexual harassment: As 70% of the employees in the factory are women. A committee is set up to take care of the subtle issues revolving around the women employees. Any behaviour, which would lead to embarrassment of the women employees, would be taken note of. Any person who tries to misbehave with the women workers would be taken from a work. Such situation would be dealt with, at most dignity. And such kind of issues would be kept as confidential as possible. Health & Safety committee: A group of workers form a committee to look after the safety of the co workers. Such as the protection gadgets provided are good or not. While working the employee is using those gadgets or not. What are the extra measures to be taken for the

safety of workers? Etc .are dealt in detail. Works committee: As per Industrial Dispute Act. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 24 25. Employees Absenteeism Working hours: The working hours intervals & name and particulars of factory management, date of disbursement of wages is prominently displayed in Form No.10 in factory premises. Attendance: i. Every employee shall register his attendance by Bio-Metric and his punch ii. Card -once before commencing work very day and once at the end of the day. iii. Day (close of work hours). iv. This facility does not enforce on employees who have not completed 18 years of age, child labour is strictly prohibited. v. Every employee shall therefore commence his/ her work at his / her assign end place and at the time fixed for commencement of work in accordance with the notified work hours. vi. The starting & closing of the work period , the starting & closing of interval period shall be notified from time to time & shall be signalled by the sound of an a siren. vii. Employees in completion of working / shift hours leave the factory premises immediately with in 15 min from the close of shift hours. viii. If any employees is late to work whether at commencement of shift/ working hours or after lunch interval for more than 3 min in the month during two successive or for more than 5 times in month shall be declared as habitually late & shall be liable for disciplinary action. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 25 26. Employees Absenteeism Entry, exit and search: I. All employees shall enter or leave factory premises by the gate or gates specified for the purpose. II. No employee shall enter the established factory premises except when on duty, without the permission of the security or any other officer authorized by the Management in this behalf. III. No employee shall take with him, inside the factory, any outside person / friend /relative without the permission of the officer authorized on behalf. IV. The entire employee shall be searched at the factory main gate or such other specified entrances by the security staff on duty or by others appointed by the manager for the purpose. V. Any employee, who is off duty, has been granted or has resigned or is not working for any reason, shall immediately leave the factory premises and shall not enter any part to it except with permission of the officer authorized in this behalf. VI. No employees shall leave factory premises during duty hours except after obtaining written permission of the authorized officer and with a gate pass. If any employee desires to leave the factory premises during the hours of work notified for him/ her, he/she shall obtain the prior consent of and a gate pass from the manager, and in the absence of manager, from the in charge manager or any other officer authorized in this behalf. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 26 27. Employees Absenteeism 2.4 SWOT ANALYSIS: 2.4 1 Strengths 1. Location 2. Less Competition 3. Support from Govt. 4. High quality products 5. Low cost of production due to Economies of Scales in terms of Labour, Land, Raw materials ,etc 6. Good Infrastructural facilities 7. Dedicated top level management 8. Conducive working environment 9. Workers participation in management 10. Good Industrial relations 11. Government support as this is an export oriented firm and operates in semi rural area 12. Set up in a SEZ, developed by the Central government 13. Wide opportunity for textile industry 14. Updated technology 15. Only exporting so that they can avoids the risks of local market H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 27 28. Employees Absenteeism 2.4 2 Weakness 1. Unattractive salary for unskilled employees 2. Inflexible working hours 3. Political interference 4. Inconvenient Transportation 5. High number of unskilled employees 6. Located a bit far from cities 7. Lack of

recreational opportunities at Hassan 8. So far from harbours and Airways H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 28 29. Employees Absenteeism 2.4 3 Opportunities: 1. High level of expansion is possible 2. Can export to different countries 3. Can provide employment for rural class of people 4. Can diversify business as the set up cost is comparatively low at Hassan 5. Can cater domestic customers H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 29 30. Employees Absenteeism 2.4 4 Threats: 1. Intervention of political parties in to trade unions and management unions 2. Entry of new competitors 3. Fluctuation of foreign currency rates due to global cues 4. Entry of Chinese products into market can adversely affect sales and profit margin. 5. Heavy rainfall would slowdown the progress of work 6. Situated in outskirts 7. Changes in technology 8. Growing power of Trade union H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 30 31. Employees Absenteeism 3.1 LITERATURE REVIEW: Human Resource Management function concerned with hiring, motivating and maintaining people in an organization. It focuses on people in organizations. Human Resource views people as an important source or asset to be used for the benefit of organizations, employees and the society. It is emerging as a distinct philosophy of management aiming at policies that promote mutuality mutual goals, mutual respects, mutual rewards and mutual responsibilities. The belief is that policies of mutuality will elicit commitment which in turn will yield both better economic performance and greater human resource development. 3.1 1 Introduction to Human Resource Management: Modern organizational setting is characterized by constant changes relating to environment factors and human resources. As regards environmental factors, we find changes in the operating organizational structure, the networking procedures, customs or norms and the economic, political and social patterns in which organizations exist. Moreover, there is constant change in human resources. New individuals are being employed with their new ideas and expectations while the existing workforce is constantly changing vis--vis ideas, attitudes and values. Although the changes may provide solution to some problems, it may create several new ones. There is an urgent need to understand these problems, anticipate them and to find solutions to them. The responsibility to find out solutions to these problems lies with every manager who has to be prepared to deal with different changes effectively through educational and developmental programs. Obviously, every manager is responsible for management of human resources of course with the advice and help of personnel department. Management of human resources is the essence of being a manager who has to get things done through others. Specifically, his task relates to leading, mobilizing and directing the efforts of people without which he can be a technician but not a manager. Thus, every manager has to develop and maintain his competence in managing human resources which have assumed utmost significance in modern organizations.The term Job Satisfaction is of almost significance from the standpoint of employee morale. It refers to employees general attitude towards his work.Lock defines work Satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones work or work experience. The extent that a persons work fulfils his dominant need and is consistent H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 31 32. Employees Absenteeism with his expectations and values, the work will be satisfying.The job satisfaction factors which can have influence on attitudes, these can be considered as motives. The relationship between man and work has always attracted the

philosophers, scientists and novelists. A major part of mans life is spent work. Work is a social reality and social expectation to which men seem to confirm. It not only provides status to the individual but also binds him, to the society. Job satisfaction is a persons attitude towards the job. Positive attitude towards the job are equivalent to job satisfaction where as negative attitude towards the job is equivalent to job dissatisfaction. Job satisfaction has been define variously from time to time. The term job satisfaction refers to an individuals general attitude towards his or her job, while a person who is dissatisfied with his or her works holds negative attitude about the job The role of human resource management in organisations has been evolving dramatically in recent times. The days of Personnel Department performing clerical duties such as record keeping, paper pushing and file maintenance are over. HR is increasingly receiving attention as a critical strategic partner, assuming stunningly different, far reaching transformational roles and responsibilities. Taking the strategic approach to human resource management involves making the function of managing human assets the most important priority in the organisations and integrating all human resource policies and programmes the frame-work of a companys strategy. Effective utilisation of human resource can assist organisations in achieving competitive advantage. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 32 33. Employees Absenteeism 3.1 2 Definition: Human resource management is a management functions that helps managers recruit, select train and develop members for an organization. It focuses on the people in organizations According to Michael J . Jucius defined as the field of management which has to do with planning, organizing, directing and controlling the functions of procuring ,developing .maintaining and utilizing the labour force . , such that the 1. Objectives of the company is established are attained economically and effec- tively 2. Objectives of all levels of personnel are served to the highest possible degree, and 3. Objectives of society are dually considered and served. HRM can be defined as managing (planning, organizing ,directing and controlling )the function s of employing ,developing and compensating human resource resulting in the creation and development of human relations with a view to contribute proportionately due to them) to the organizational ,individual and social goals. Human Resource Management function concerned with hiring, motivating and maintaining people in an organization. It focuses on people in organizations. Human Resource views people as an important source or asset to be used for the benefit of organizations, employees and the society. It is emerging as a distinct philosophy of management aiming at policies that promote mutuality mutual goals, mutual respects, mutual rewards and mutual responsibilities. The belief is that policies of mutuality will elicit commitment which in turn will yield both better economic performance and greater human resource development. Components of human resource are skills knowledge value Creative ability. Human resource management: While managing the human resources one has to perform tasks like a. Employing the people H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 33 34. Employees Absenteeism b. Developing the resources c. Utilizing the resources and compensating their services in tune with the job and organizational requirements Human resource refers to the knowledge skills abilities talents aptitude, values and beliefs of an organizations workforce. Knowledge skills, creative abilities and talents play an important role in deciding the efficiency and effectiveness of an organizations workforce. Human resource development improves the utilization value of an organization. The

difference in the level of performance of two organizations also depends on utilization value of human resources. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 34 35. Employees Absenteeism 3.1 3 IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: The importance of HRM can be discussed under three standard points: 1. Social significance: Management of personnel enhances their dignity by satisfying their social needs. This is done by: i. Providing suitable and most productive employment, which brings them psychological satisfaction. ii. Making maximum utilization of the resource in an effective manner and paying the employees a reasonable compensation in proportion to the contribution made by him. 2. Professional significance: By providing healthy working environment it promotes teamwork in the employees. This is done by: i. Marinating the dignity of the employee as a human being. ii. Providing maximum opportunities for personal dept. 3. Significance for individual enterprise : It can help the organization in accomplishing its goal by: i. Creating right attitude among employees through effective motivation. ii. Securing willing communication operation for achieving goals fulfilling their own social and other psychological needs like love, affection, esteem etc. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 35 36. Employees Absenteeism 3.1 4 Evolution of Human Resource Management: Human Resource, a relatively new term emerged during the 1970s.Many people continue to refer to the discipline by its older, more traditional titles, such as personnel management or personal administration. The trend is changing. The term nowadays used in industry circle is Human Resource management. Coming to the evolution of HRM as a subject, it may be stated that concern for the welfare of workers in the management of business enterprises has been in existence since ages. Kutilyas Arthashastra states that there existed a sound base for systematic management of resources during as early as the 4th century BC. These processes took momentum only when government took active measures during resent past by various rules and regulations under Industrial Dispute Act and related Acts. However the employees will have various reasons to deviate from this. When the growth of the industry is disturbed due to irregularity of the employees, government showed interest in the operation of public and private sector enterprises and provided systematic procedures for regulating employer employee relationships. Development of HRM in India: In 50s, people were recruited to do and die In 60s, concept of managing people In 70s, realised that productivity depended on people Employees started demanding over and above their salaries Personnel department renamed as Human resources Management theories were introduced Concepts of participative management, Kaizen, Total quality management, empowerment, etc, In Indian context, emotions, feelings, empathetic perceptions, and affective components influence people Hierarchy, status, authority, responsibility, and accountability are structural concepts H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 36 37. Employees Absenteeism Subordinates expect that the superior should have integrity, higher performance skill, commitment, guidance and leadership qualities, support and patronising tendencies, accessibility, wider vision, sense of empowerment, and credibility Boss expects commitment to job, integrity, competence, reliability, initiative, loyalty to the organisation, self-discipline, accountability and job involvement A good HRM environment ensures balanced interaction between the two set of expectations and harmony HRM strategies in India have to focus on better individual-organisation interface and greater emphasis on organisational effectiveness than on personal success

3.1 5 Importance of Human Resource Management: The importance of HRM can be discussed under three standard points: 1. Social significance: management of personnel enhances their dignity by satisfying their social needs. This is done by: Providing suitable and most productive employment , which brings sthem psycho- logical satisfaction Making maximum utilization of the resources in an effective manner and paying the employees a reasonable compensation in proportion to the contribution made by him 2. Professional significance: by providing healthy working environment it promotes teamwork in the employees. This is done by Marinating the dignity of the employees as a human being. Providing maximum opportunities for personal department. 3 Significance for individual enterprise : It can help the organization in accomplish- ing its goals by H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 37 38. Employees Absenteeism Creating right attitude among employees through effective motivation. Securing willing communication operation for achieving goals fulfilling their own social and other psychological needs like love, affection, esteem etc. 3.1 6 Scope of HRM The scope of HRM is indeed vast. All major activities in the working life of a worker from time of his or her entry into an organization until he or she leaves come under the purview of HRM. Specifically,the activities included are HR planning , job analysis and design , recruitment and selection, orientation and placement , training and development , performance appraisal and job evaluation , employee remuneration , motivation communication , welfare, safety and health, industrial relations and the like. For the sake of convenience all these functions into seven sections as shown in the figure H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 38 39. Employees Absenteeism Nature of HRM Prospects Employe of HRM e Hiring Human Resource Managem Employee Industria ent and Executive l Remunerat Relations ion Employe Employee e Maintena nce Motivati on Figure representing the scope for HRM H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 39 40. Employees Absenteeism 3.1 7 HRM Functions: HRM is the process of acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees, and attending to their labour relations, health and safety, and fairness concerns. People or Personal aspects Human Resource Management must perform certain functions. These functions have been stated while outlining the scope of HRM. Conducting job analysis Planning labour needs and recruiting job candidates Selecting job candidates Orienting and training new employees Managing wages and salaries (Compensating) Providing incentives and benefits Appraising employees Communicating (Interviewing, counselling, & Disciplining) Training and developing Building employee commitment Union management Assessment H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 40 41. Employees Absenteeism 3.1 8 Importance of HR management to all managers: Hire the wrong person for the job Experience high turnover Have people not doing the best Waste time with useless interviews Have your company cited under occupational safety laws for unsafe practices Have some employees think their salaries are unfair and inequitable Allow a lack of training to undermine effectiveness Commit any unfair labour practices . H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 41 42. Employees Absenteeism 3.2 Absenteeism: Employees presence at work place during the scheduled time is highly essential for the smooth running of the production process in particular and the organization in general. Despite the significance of their presence, employees sometime fail to report at the work place during the scheduled time.

Absenteeism refers to the failure on the part of employees to report to work though they are scheduled to work. In other words, unauthorised absences constitute Absenteeism. Absenteeism costs money to the organization, besides reflecting employee dissatisfaction with the company. Like employee turnover, there is avoidable and unavoidable absenteeism. Absenteeism is unavoidable when the employee himself or herself fell sick, his or her dependence at home suddenly become unwell or there is an accident inside the plant. Unavoidable absenteeism is accepted by managers and is even sanctioned by labour laws. Foe instance, one days leave with wages for every 20 days of service is allowed by the factories Act 1948. Avoidable absenteeism arises because of night shifts, opportunities for moonlighting and earning extra income, indebtedness, lack of job security, job dissatisfaction and unfriendly supervision. This needs intervention by the management. Labour Bureau, Simla, defined the term Absenteeism as the failure of a worker to report for work when he is scheduled to work. Labour bureau also states that Absenteeism is the total man-shifts lost because of absence as a percentage of the total number of man-shifts scheduled to work. According to Websters Dictionary, Absenteeism is the practice or habit of being an absence and an absentee is one who habitually stays away. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 42 43. Employees Absenteeism 3.2 1 Types of Absenteeism: Absenteeism is of 4 types: Authorised Absenteeism: If an employee absents himself from work by taking permission from his superior and applying for leave, such absenteeism is called as Authorised Absenteeism. Unauthorised Absenteeism: If an employee absents himself from work without informing or taking permission and without applying for leave, such absenteeism is called as Unauthorised Absenteeism. Wilful Absenteeism: If employee absents himself from duty wilfully such absenteeism is called Wilful Absenteeism. Absenteeism caused by circumstances beyond once control: If an employee absents him from duty owing to circumstances beyond his/her control like involvement in accidents or sudden sickness, such Absenteeism is called Absenteeism caused by circumstances beyond once control. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 43 44. Employees Absenteeism 3.2 2 Features of Absenteeism: Research studies undertaken by different authors reveal the following features of absenteeism. The rate of absenteeism is the lowest on pay day; it increases considerably on the days following the payment of wages and bonus. Absenteeism generally high among the workers below 25 years of age and those of above 40 years of age. The rate of absenteeism varies from department to department within an organization. Generally it is high in production department. Absenteeism in traditional industries is seasonal in character. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 44 45. Employees Absenteeism 3.2 3 Causes of Absenteeism: The following are the general causes of Absenteeism Maladjustment with the working conditions. Social and religious ceremonies Unsatisfactory housing conditions at the work place Industrial fatigue. The industrial fatigue compels workers to remain outside the work. Unhealthy working conditions Poor Welfare Facilities Alcoholism Indebt ness Maladjustment with the job demands Unsound Personal policies Inadequate leave facilities Low level of Wages. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 45 46. Employees Absenteeism 3.2 4 Categories of Absenteeism: K.N.Vaid classifies chronic absentees in to five categories. 1. Entrepreneurs 2. Status seekers 3. Epicureans 4. Family oriented 5. Sick and the old Entrepreneurs: This class of absentees consider that their

jobs are very small for their total interest and personal goals. They engage themselves in other economic activities and sometime social activities to fulfil their goals. The status Seekers: These types of absentees enjoy or perceive a higher ascribed social status and are keen on maintaining it. The Epicureans: This class of absentees do not like to take up the jobs which demand initiative and responsibilities, discipline and discomfort. They wish to have money, power, and status but are unwilling to work for their achievements. Family oriented: This type of absentees are often identified with the family activities The sick and the Old: These categories of absentees are mostly unhealthy with a week constitution or old people. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 46 47. Employees Absenteeism 3.2 5 Calculation of Absenteeism Rate: Absenteeism is computed and is expressed in terms of percentages. Absenteeism can be calculated with the help of following formula. Number of Man days lost X 100 Absenteeism Rate = Number of Man days scheduled to work Absenteeism rate can be calculated for different employees and for different time periods like month and year. The frequency rate reflects the incidence of absence and is usually expressed as the number of separate absence in a given period, irrespective of length of absences. The frequency rate represents the average number of absences per worker in a given period. Frequency rate = total no. of times in which the leave was availed/total no. of Man days scheduled to work x 100 Severity Rate: severity is the average length of time lost per absence and is calculated by using the formula. Severity rate = Total no. of absent during a period / Total no. of times absent during that period x100 A high severity rate indicates that the employee is absent for longer durations each time. High frequency and severity rates indicate that the employee is absent more frequently and for longer durations each time resulting in high absenteeism even in absolute terms. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 47 48. Employees Absenteeism 3.2 6 Recent Trends: Recent studies have revealed that workers link with the village as a cause of instability in the labour force has become more or less a matter of history .Now the workers do have their link with the village; but they do not go there for any economic pursuit. They go mainly for relaxation or attending social ceremonies and spending long holidays. As observed by the labour investigation committee the factory workers retained their contacts with the villages more for rest and recuperation than for attending to cultivation. The workers have almost lost their economic interest in land and have adhered to their way of life or occupation they have chosen. The factual survey conducted by the Committee has shown that greater concentration of the working class in industrial areas has led to the rise of an industrial proletariat in most cities. It has referred to the fact that there is a greater stability in the labour force in those centres where the employers have looked after their workers by paying them a decent living wage, providing good housing accommodation and making provision for pension for the future. The committee was of the view that the village nexus need not to be encouraged as most of the workers are landless labourers and have no stake in land. The joint family and the caste are steadily deteriorating and economic supporters of the workers. At this present juncture, the workers are in a transitional stage in which they are gradually losing the support of the village and have not been able to secure a firm footing in industrial areas. In view of this, to turn back the clock and either to prevent the worker from coming to the town or to force him back to the village would be a step in the wrong direction. The committee further observed Workers were

prepared to stick to the town to a greater extent than before, to fight for their legitimate rights and to seek livelihood in urban rather than rural areas. The stabilization of the labour force in industrial towns was a matter of compulsion rather than choice. The committee, therefore emphasised that the stability of labour can be brought about by improvement in working and living conditions, generally in industries in which H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 48 49. Employees Absenteeism such workers are called upon to work and to provide measures of social security for the workers. The national Commission on Labour has pointed out Over the last 25 years, the trend towards the stabilization of industrial labour has been further strengthened. A worker today is far more urban in taste and outlook than his predecessor. The idyllic notion of a village nexus has receded to the background owing to the positive measures undertaken in the interest of industrial labour. Even in the more distant plantations; settled labour is more in evidence now. The national Commission further observes as Industry expanded include a wide variety of skilled and unskilled jobs, industrial work ceased to be the monopoly, of migrants from villages. Young persons in the urban families, traditionally averse to accepting factory environment have been seeking employment there. Besides when employers began offering incentives for regularity and productivity even rural migrants reduced the frequency an duration of their visits to villages. As measures for providing minimum facilities and social security began to be undertaken, workers were increasingly attracted by them and lack of commitment became a less serious problem. Studies in Bombay, Delhi and Jamshedpur show that the earlier migrants have still an urge to go back to the village; but the latter ones show increasing commitment to urban life and factory work .The age of worker is also a factor for urban attraction works more strongly on the young. The commission conclude A vast majority of the workers in cities are committed to factory jobs. In other industries a second or even a third generation of workers has emerged. A self generating working class with its roots in industrial environment in which a worker is born and bred is growing in strength. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 49 50. Employees Absenteeism 3.2 7 Measure to minimise absenteeism: Absenteeism affects the organization from multiple angles. It severely affects the production process and the business process. The effect of unauthorised Absenteeism is more compared to other type of Absenteeism. However it would be difficult to completely avoid Absenteeism. Managers stood take steps to remove causes of absenteeism. On the positive side managers must create work environment which will make the employees realise that it make sense to the work in the factory rather than staying at home and waste their time. The following measures are useful in controlling or minimising absenteeism: Selecting the employee by testing thoroughly regarding their aspirations, value systems, responsibility and sensitiveness. Adopting a humanistic approach in dealing with the personal problems of employees Following a proactive approach in identifying and redressing employee grievances. Providing hygienic working condition Providing welfare measures and fringe benefits, balancing the need of the employees and ability of the organisation. Providing high wages and allowances based on the organizational financial position. Improving the communication network . Providing leave facility based on the needs of the employees according to organisational standards. Providing safety and health measures Providing cordial human relations and industrial relations Educating the workers regarding health and hygiene. Granting leaves and financial

assistance liberally in case of sickness of employee and his/her family members. Regularity to be encouraged through incentives. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 50 51. Employees Absenteeism Providing extensive training. Encouragement through special allowances in cash for technological advancement. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 51 52. Employees Absenteeism 4. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION Total number of respondents 50 4.1 TABLE Table showing Employees Age: Age in years Number of Respondents Percentage 20-25 24 48 25-30 16 32 30-35 6 12 40above 4 8 H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 52 53. Employees Absenteeism 50 45 40 35 20-25 30 25-30 25 30-35 20 40above 15 10 5 0 Number of Respondents Percentage ANALYSIS: Majority of the employees are of the age between 20-25 (48%). The employees between 25-30 and 30-35 are (32% and 12% respectively). The employees above 40 (8%) First category of employees contributes major portion of work. INTERPRETATION: Since 48% of employees are of the age between 20-25. The trend clearly shows that these are the age group who are employed the most by the employer because these employees are young & energetic. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 53 54. Employees Absenteeism 4.2 TABLE Table showing employee Monthly Income Monthly income Number of respondents Percentage 2600-2800 28 56 2800-3000 12 24 3000-3200 7 14 3500 above 3 6 H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 54 55. Employees Absenteeism 60 50 40 2600-2800 30 2800-3000 3000-3200 20 3500 above 10 0 Number of respondents Percentage ANALYSIS: Majority of the employees monthly income is between Rs.2600-2800 (56%), 24% are between Rs. 2800-3000, 14% are between 3000-3200 and 6% are above 3500 in the organization. INTERPRETATION: Here the Graph clearly shows that the salary between 2600-2800 are high in percentage. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 55 56. Employees Absenteeism 4.3 TABLE Table showing Employees Marital Status: Marital status Number of Respondents Percentage Unmarried 32 64 Married 18 36 Widower 0 0 H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 56 57. Employees Absenteeism 70 60 50 40 unmarried 30 Married 20 Widower 10 0 Number of Percentage Respondents ANALYSIS: The above table shows the marital status of the employees in the organization. Unmarried employees are 64%, Married employees are 36% and the percentage of widowers is 0% in the organization. INTERPRETATION: Though young employees are on the higher side, there is sizable quantities of married employees are also joining the industrial stream. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 57 58. Employees Absenteeism 4.4 TABLE Table showing work Environment of Employees Number of Respondents Percentage Work environment Good 38 76 Satisfactory 12 24 Bad 0 0 H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 58 59. Employees Absenteeism 80 70 60 50 Good 40 Satisfactory 30 Bad 20 10 0 Number of Respondents Percentage ANALYSIS: The above table shows work environment of employees. 76% of the employees felt work environment is good, 24% of the employees felt its satisfactory and none felt that the environment is bad. INTERPRETATION: Majority of the employees are satisfied with the environment provided by the industries. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 59

60. Employees Absenteeism 4.5 TABLE Table showing work over time Number of Respondents Percentage Work over time Yes 15 30 No 35 70 H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 60 61. Employees Absenteeism 70 60 50 40 Yes 30 No 20 10 0 Number of Respondents Percentage ANALYSIS: Table shows workers wants to work over time. 30% of the employees agree to work over time that means yes and 70% of the employees not agree to work over time that means no. INTERPRETATION: Majority of the workers (70%) does not agree to work over time in the industry H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 61 62. Employees Absenteeism 4.6 TABLE Table showing employee average work over time Number of Respondents Percentage Average work over time 1hours 29 58 2hours 16 32 3hours 4 8 more than 3 hours 1 2 H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 62 63. Employees Absenteeism 60 50 40 30 1hours 2hours 20 3hours 10 more than 3 hours 0 Number of Percentage Respondents ANALYSIS: Table shows employees average work over time. 58% of employees are satisfied to work over time for 1 hour. 32% of employees are satisfied to work over time for 2 hours. 8% of employees are satisfied to work over time for 3 hours and only 2% of employees are satisfied to work over time for more than 3 hours. INTERPRETATION: Majority of employees are not ready to work over time for 3 or more than 3 hours. 58% of employees are ready to work over time for 1 hours H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 63 64. Employees Absenteeism 4.7 TABLE Table showing adequate welfare facilities provided to employees Number of Respondents Percentage Adequate welfare facilities pro- vided Strongly agree 10 20 Agree 18 36 Disagree 22 44 H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 64 65. Employees Absenteeism 45 40 35 30 25 Strongly agree 20 Agree 15 Disagree 10 5 0 Number of Percentage Respondents ANALYSIS: The table shows adequate welfare facilities provided to employees here. 20% of the employees strongly agree, 36% of the employees agrees and 44% of the employees have dissatisfaction about the facilities provided by the organization. INTERPRETATION: Majority of the employees agrees that there is no adequate welfare facilities provided in the organisation H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 65 66. Employees Absenteeism 4.8 TABLE The pay offered in the company is competitive Opinions Number of Respondents Percentage Strongly agree 13 26 Agree 28 56 No comments 6 12 Disagree 3 6 H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 66 67. Employees Absenteeism 60 50 40 Strongly agree 30 Agree No comments 20 Disagree 10 0 Number of Respondents Percentage ANALYSIS: Out of 50 respondents 26% members strongly agree that the pay offered for them is competitive. 56% agree that the pay is reasonably competitive. 12 % members kept their comments reserved. 6% of employee disagrees with this. INTERPRETATION: Fifty percent of the employees feel they are getting competitive pay. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 67 68. Employees Absenteeism 4.9 TABLE Table showing the reason to take leave. Number of Respondents Percentage Reason to take leave Sick leave 28 56 Lack of interest in Job 2 4 Poor working conditions 1 2 Long working hours 6 12 Personal reasons 13 26 H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 68 69. Employees Absenteeism 60 50 sick leave 40 Lack of interest in Job 30 Poor working 20 conditions Long working 10 hours 0 Personal reasons Number of Percentage

Respondents ANALYSIS: The above graph shows the reasons to take leave. 56% of the employees take sick leave, 4% of the employees take leave for lack of interest in job, only 2% of the employees take leave for poor working conditions , 12% of the employees take leave for long working hours and 26% of the employees are take leave for their personal reasons. INTERPRETATION: Majority of the employees take sick leave H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 69 70. Employees Absenteeism 4.10 TABLE Table showing Factors to Motivate Employees Regularity: Motivate Factors Number of Respondents Percentage Good Employee Relation Ship 4 8 Working condition. 6 12 Future Prospects 1 2 Job responsibility 12 24 Incentives /wage hike 27 54 H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 70 71. Employees Absenteeism 60 50 Good Employee Relation Ship 40 Working condition. 30 Future Prospects 20 Job responsibility 10 0 Incentives /wage Number of Percentage hike Respondents ANALYSIS: 1. 8% (4. Nos.) of respondents feel that good employee relationship motivates the employees. 2. 12 %( 6 nos.) of respondent say that working condition is the factor that can motivate them. 3. Recognition of work anticipated by employees are 24% (12Nos.) 4. Incentives /wage hike, had good response as high as 54% (27 Nos.) 5. 2% one respondents feel that future prospects motivate the employees. INTERPRETATION: Majority of the employees expect incentives based performance/ wage hike ,shows need of financial assistance. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 71 72. Employees Absenteeism 4.11 TABLE Employees knowledge about the health and safety measures of the company Opinions Number of Respondents Percentage Strongly agree 35 70 Agree 13 26 Disagree 2 4 H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 72 73. Employees Absenteeism 70 60 50 40 Strongly agree 30 Agree 20 Disagree 10 0 Number of Percentage Respondents ANALYSIS: 70% members strongly agree that the company has taken health and safety measures. 26% agree that they are health and safety measures in the company. 4% members disagree with the company has taken health and safety measures. INTERPRETATION: Majority of the employees are aware with the health and safety measures in the company. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 73 74. Employees Absenteeism 4.12 TABLE Table showing Employees Relationship with Their Superiors Opinions Number of Respondents Percentage Average 11 22 Good 37 74 Very Good 2 4 H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 74 75. Employees Absenteeism 80 70 60 50 40 Average 30 Good 20 Very Good 10 0 Number of Percentage Respondents ANALYSIS: Out of 50 respondent 11 members have an average relationship amounts to 22%. 37 members have good relation towards their superiors (74%) very less members come under very good relationship category(4%). INTERPRETATION: Majority of the employees have good relationship with their superior H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 75 76. Employees Absenteeism 4.13 TABLE Table showing Employees Absence on Personal Reasons: Reasons for leave Number of Respondents Percentage Attending Marriages & other 21 42 Functions Visiting Places 11 22 Domestic Problem 16 32 Lack of Coordination among 2 4 colleagues H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 76 77. Employees Absenteeism 45 40 35 Attending Marriages & 30 other Functions 25 Visiting Places 20 15 Domestic Problem 10 5 Lack of Co-ordination 0 among colleagues Number of Percentage Respondents ANALYSIS: Taking leave for personal reasons are as high as 42% (21 Nos.). Next is the domestic problems which occupy 32% (16 Nos.) of the

employees leave. Visiting places for personal work 22% (11 Nos.) INTERPRETATION: Taking leave for personal reasons are as highest as 21 (42%.). Next is the domestic problems which occupy 32% (16 Nos.) of the employees leave. Visiting places for personal work 22% (11 Nos.) H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 77 78. Employees Absenteeism 4.14 TABLE Table showing Method of Control of Absenteeism Control of Absenteeism Number of Respondents Percentage Change in Management Style 3 6 Changing in working Condition 4 8 (Job Rotation) Incentives/wage hike. 25 50 Develop Attendance Policy 2 4 Transportation Facility 6 12 Encouragement 7 14 Individual Attention 3 6 H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 78 79. Employees Absenteeism 50 Chang in Management 45 Style Changing in working 40 Condition (Job Rotation) 35 Incentives/wage hike. 30 25 Develop Attendance 20 Policy Transportation Facility 15 10 Encouragement 5 Individual Attention 0 Number of Percentage Respondents ANALYSIS: Providing incentives in recognition of work score highest in the race amounting to 50% (25 Nos). Encouragement other than monitoring benefits also counts to the tune of 14% (7 Nos.). Transportation problem may need attention-6NO, that is12%. INTERPRETATION: Majority of the employee needs financial support, better transportation facilities, good working environment to control their irregularities. . H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 79 80. Employees Absenteeism 4.15 TABLE Relationship with co-workers. Opinions Number of Respondents Percentage Average 12 24 Good 36 72 Very Good 2 4 H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 80 81. Employees Absenteeism 80 70 60 50 Average 40 Good 30 Very Good 20 10 0 Number of Respondents Percentage ANALYSIS: Out of 50 respondent 12 (24%) members have average relationships with their co-workers. 36(72%) members have good relationship with their co-workers. 2(4%) come under very good relationship category. INTERPRETATION: Majority of the employees have maintained good relationship with their co-workers. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 81 82. Employees Absenteeism 4.16 TABLE Table showing Opportunity for personality development of employee. Opinions Number of Respondents Percentage Very Good 6 12 Good 33 66 Average 11 22 H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 82 83. Employees Absenteeism 70 60 50 40 Very Good 30 Good 20 Average 10 0 Number of Percentage Respondents ANALYSIS: Out of 50 respondent 22% members view is that they have an average level of opportunity for their personality development in the company. 66% say that they find good opportunity for their personality development. 12% feel they have very good opportunity for their development. INTERPRETATION: Majority of the employees find good opportunity in the company for their personality development H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 83 84. Employees Absenteeism 4.17 TABLE Table showing whether employee know the value of the benefits offered Opinions Number of Respon- Percentage dents Strongly agree 17 34 Agree 28 56 No comments 5 10 H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 84 85. Employees Absenteeism 60 50 40 30 Strongly agree Agree 20 No comments 10 0 Number of Percentage Respondents ANALYSIS: Out of 50 respondents, 34%of members strongly agree that they are aware of the value of the benefits offered. 28 % of members agree, but, not aware of the importance. 5 % of members kept their comment reserved. INTERPRETATION: Majority of the employees agree that they know the value of benefits that the company has offered. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 85

86. Employees Absenteeism 4.18 TABLE Table showing information sharing, exchanges ideas with employees Opinions Number of Respondents Percentage Strongly agree 11 22 Agree 33 66 No comments 5 10 Disagree 1 2 H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 86 87. Employees Absenteeism 70 60 50 40 Strongly agree 30 Agree No comments 20 Disagree 10 0 Number of Percentage Respondents ANALYSIS: Out of 50 respondent 22%of members strongly agree that the company exchanges ideas with them. 66 % of members reasonably agree this. 10% of members kept their comment reserved. One of the employees feels that the company is not exchanging the ideas with the employees. INTERPRETATION: Majority of the employees agree that the company exchanges ideas with them. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 87 88. Employees Absenteeism FINDINGS 1. Maximum no. of employees of the age are between 20-25 years. It means most of employees of these ages are attracted towards Iindustrial work, compared to the age between 25-35. 2. Most of the married employees are committed to work. 3. All the employees are under the salary ranging from 26002800. 4. Majority of the employees feel that working environment provided are good. 5. Majority of the employees take leave on health grounds, poor transportation facilities and lack of time management also constitute reasonable portion of employees leave. 6. Employees apply leave for personal reasons like social activities and visiting places , constitute major portion of their leave. 7. Majority of the employees are having good relationship with their superiors. Any attempt to improve this, improves the quality of production performance. 8. Benefits are always valuable, need management attention. 9. . Good coordination compliments better work atmosphere. Need to ensure it. 10. Developmental activity implies to both employer and employees, need to be strengthened. 11. Salary and wages play pivotal role in performance. 12. Awareness about leave administration will help the employees to plan their leave properly. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 88 89. Employees Absenteeism 13. Health and safety measures are significant while evaluating Absenteeism. 14. Majority of the employees are seeking either wage hike or incentives as motivating factor. 15. Salary and wages are featuring as important criteria need to be considered on priority basis. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 89 90. Employees Absenteeism SUGGESTIONS Productivity of an organization depends upon the people who work for the unit. How to make people work more or more better? is a million dollar question that requires an understanding of what motivates people to work. Similarly it may be possible to get people to work more in higher proportions with marginal increase in providing welfare measures. Such needs have been analyzed and identified through this study. It will be fruitful for the organization to adopt for better human performance, provided management simultaneously retain high skilled employees to attain organization effectiveness. This may help in controlling ABSENTEEISM. In this direction following suggestions may help: o Organization can try and increase the level of workers participation in decision making o Increase the number of performance related awards o More attention to be given for over all development of employees welfare facilities. o Organization can motivate individuals through proper counselling and guidance. o Organization may consider for arranging transport facilities. o Majority of them feel that wage & salary provided to them may have to be considered for hike. So the company may consider of increasing it. o Individual attention to employees regarding

health matters may be considered on priority basis. o Better communication may yield some more results. o Supervisors may be considered for management training. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 90 91. Employees Absenteeism SEARCH AND RESEARCH is the only tool in this ENDAVOUR. CONCLUSION The employees of GOGO INTERNATIONAL Pvt. Ltd. are taking leaves for various personal and family reasons. They are aware of the impact of their absence on the production. Most of the employees admit that they are trying to avoid leaves, but many a times things are beyond their control. Some of the employees feel that the management should provide holiday trip or family get together as recreation so that they will be relaxed after the hectic job schedule. They also add that they are availing all the welfare facilities provided by the company. One will never forget to say that little of empathy towards employees will definitely yield better industrial relations and minimise Absenteeism. The term absenteeism refers to the failure to attend to work. It is one of the major problems faced by companies across the globe today. Unscheduled absenteeism badly hurts the progress of an organization resulting in loss of productivity, increased costs in hiring additional staff and low morale among the workers. It is high time that employers address this problem on a priority basis. The study concluded that providing positive incentives to workers in the form of those motivational factors that normally influence workers to be absent is better than imposing penalties for discouraging absenteeism. The best reward for workers with low absenteeism is to grant additional time off for personal matters. Workers are influenced to a lesser extent by deterrents, loss of pay and benefits and loss of promotion opportunities and discharge, imposed for frequent absenteeism. Finally a combination of incentives (additional time off) and penalties (loss of benefits or job) with the primary emphasis on motivational incentives is the most effective approach to reducing absenteeism. H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 91 92. Employees Absenteeism BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Ashwathappa. K. Human Resource and Personal Management. Fourth Edition by the McGraw-Hill Company New Delhi. Page Number- 345-356 2. Cooper, Donald R., Schindler, Pamela S. Business Research Methods by the McGraw-Hill Company New Delhi. Page Number-282-296 3. Mamoria, Dr. C.B., Dynamics of Industrial Relations by Himalaya Publishing House Bangalore. Page Number-165-176 4. Rao, P. Subba. Essentials of Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations, by Himalaya Publishing House Bangalore. Page Number-124136 5. www.gogoindia.com 6. www.hr_survey.com 7. www.google.com H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 92 93. Employees Absenteeism ANNEXURE A study on Absenteeism Number of respondents50 1) NAME 2) SEX : a. Male: b. Female 3) Age: a) 20-25 c) 30-35 b) 25-30 d) 40 above 4) Monthly Income: a) 2600-2800 c) 3000-3200 b) 2800-3000.. d) 3500above 5) Marital status: a) Single b) married c) widower 6) How is your work environment? a) Good b) satisfactory c) Bad 7) Do you work over time? a) Yes b) No 8) If Yes, how many hours on an average you work over time? a) 1 hr b) 2hr c) 3hr d) more than 3hr 9) Are there adequate welfare facilities provided? a) Yes b) No H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 93 94. Employees Absenteeism 10) The pay offered in the company is competitive! a) Strongly agree c) No comments b) Agree d) Disagree 11) For what reason you take leave? a) Sickness b) Lack of interest in Job c) Poor working conditions d) Long working hours e)

Personal reasons 12) Motivation factors to improve employees regularity a) Good employee relationship b) Work condition c) Future prospectus d) Job responsibility e) Incentives / wage hike 13) Employees are happy with the health and safety measures Of the company a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Disagree 14) How do you rate your relationship with your superior? a) Average b) Good c) Very good 15) Employees Absence on Personal Reasons a) Attending Marriages & other Functions b) Visiting Places c) Domestic Problem d) Lack of Co-ordination among colleagues H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 94 95. Employees Absenteeism 16) In your opinion, how absenteeism can be controlled? a) Change in management style b) Change in work condition( job rotation) c) Incentive/ wage hike d) Develop attendance policy e) Better transportation facility f) Encouragement and appreciation g) Individual attention 17) How is your Relationship with co-workers? a) Average b) Good c) Very good 18) Opportunity for personality development of employee. a) Very good b) Good c) Average 19) Do you agree you know the value of the benefits offered? a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) No comments 20) Does the company regularly exchange ideas with employees? a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) No comments d) Disagree H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 95 96. Employees Absenteeism H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 96 97. Employees Absenteeism H.R. institute of higher education, Hassan 97

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EMPLOYEE ABSENTEEISMU NILEC

INTRODUCT ION
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY

Absenteeism is a serious workplace problem and an expensive occurrence for both employersand

employees seemingly unpredictable in nature.

A satisfactory level of attendance byemployees at

work is necessary to allow the achievement of objectives and targetsby a department. Employee Absenteeism is the absence of an

employee from work.It is a major problem faced by almost all employers of today. Employees are absentfrom work and thus the work suffers.

Absenteeism of employees from work leads toback logs, piling of work and thus work delay.Absenteeism is of two types -1.

Innocent absenteeism - Is one in which the employee is absent from workdue to genuine cause or reason. It may be due to his illness

or personalfamily problem or any other real reason2. Culpable Absenteeism - is one in which a person is absent from workwithout any

genuine reason or cause. He may be pretending to be ill or justwanted a holiday and stay at home.

Many employees will,

on occasions, need a few days off work because of illness, however, whenabsences become more

frequent or long term and reach an unacceptable level, action bymanagement is necessary. Absence from

work can be expensive in both monetary and humanterms. The costs incurred when an employee is

absent from work may include:(i) Replacing the employee or requiring other staff to cover the absence;(ii)

Inability to provide services, or achieve section and departmental objectives;(iii) Low morale and

general dissatisfaction from other staff, particularly if the absence is perceived as unwarranted

Dept. of Managemen t Science MESCEPage 1

EMPLOYEE ABSENTEEISMU NILEC

1.2 TITLE OF THE PROBLEM

A study on the Ways To Reduce Employee

Absenteeism With Special Reference To UnitedElectrical Industries Ltd, Kollam

1.3 NEED FOR THE STUDY

The study aims at the causes of absenteeism of employees in United Electrical Industries Ltd.At present,

organizations in India take real interest in controlling absenteeism. Measures to prevent strikes and

lockouts have received far and greater attention. One reason for this situationmay be that strikes and lockouts are

more noisy and visible while absenteeism is silent andunnoticeable .The relevance of the study is that, now the

company is facing a major issue of high rate of absenteeism and hope that the study will reveal the

reason for it and thereby theorganization can take effective measures for checking the absenteeism.

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.To find out the various cause for absenteeism2.To study the various measures

adopted by the organization3.To provide suggestions in the form of solutions to reduce the rate of absenteeism

Dept. of Managemen t Science MESCEPage 2

EMPLOYEE ABSENTEEISMU NILEC

INDUSTRY PROFILE

One of the main problems the industrial world

faces now is the scarcity of energy. Thedemand is more and supply is less. More research is done to find

out alternative sources of energy. The researches are still in its beginning phase. Till some new alternate

energy is foundout, the dependence will be on the existing forms. Electrically being the important

among them plays a major role in almost all industries. Apart from industries, it is the basic form of

energyfor household purpose also. Production of electricity has become more expensive whichdemands

careful utilization and accurate measurement. Keeping this in mind analoguemeasur ing instruments

has been replaced by electronic ones by suppliers of electricity.The share of electricity consumption of

large buildings in the commercial sector iscurrently of the order of 7 percent of countrys

overall consumption, and it is growing at about12 percent over the last few years. Annual energy

consumption in commercial buildings, whichis in excess of 200 Kwh per square meter of floor area, is expected

to be brought down to 120160 KWh when the standards are implemented. According to Construction

IndustryDevelo pment Council (CIDC), residential and commercial construction has been growing

inexcess of 10 percent per annum, and that accounted for nearly 41 million square meters last year.With

escalating power demand in Southeast Asia, most countries in the region aredemanding novel electricity

meters. Moreover, as increasingly more electric utilities installmeters at their customers (both small

power and large power consumers) site, sales for bothsingle phase and three phase meters are increasing.

Hence, the electricity meters market iswitnessing stable growth. This is likely to further accelerate with

the transition of electromecha nical meters to electronic/digita l meters.

Dept. of Managemen t Science

MESCEPage 3

Project on Employee Absenteeism by nisam

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Objectives: DEFINITIONS OF ABSENTEEISM EFFECTS OF ABSENTEEISM

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Dissert ation

Report On

Absent eeism of Employ ee

At
Indchem ie Health

Specialit iesPvt. Ltd.Mu mbai

In Partial Fulfillm ent of

theRequ irements For the

award of
POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT

Academy Of Manageme nt Studies, Dehradun

Submitted To Submitted By

M r . R a h u l S a x e n a R u c h i S i n h a (Cl ass Coordinator)

PGDM III (B)Roll: - 14

DECLA RATION

I, Ruchi Sinha declaring that all the information given inthis project report is true

and correct to the best of myknowledge. I am also declaring that all the work in this project is

doneby me and not copied from anywhere. Ruchi SinhaAcademy of

Management StudiesDehrad un
Project Absenteeism of Employees
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PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT CONTENTS COMPANY PROFILE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT OTHER INFORMATIONS REASONS TO CHOOSE THE PROJECT ABSENTEEISM MEASUREMENT OF ABSENTEEISM

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Krish Hbleft a comment nice helped a lot 03 / 10 / 2011 Vijay100left a comment Good efforts dear at this age. Keep it up and reach newer heights in success. Brooklyn Vijay 07 / 16 / 2010

Rudra Pratap Anandleft a comment it's most important & helpful for mgt. student 05 / 31 / 2010 hareendranbleft a comment would like to refer such desertations on this topic 05 / 10 / 2010 cruzsopanaleft a comment

is reading Project Absenteeism of Employees. 02 / 04 / 2010 virendrachauhan replied: thanks 09 / 18 / 2011 Upload a Document
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