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verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections

The eight basic parts of speech are simple. They are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. All English words fit into one of these grammatical categories. Many English words function as more than one part of speech. Take the word fly for example. When you fly in a plane, it is a verb; when you swat a fly, it is a noun; and when you wear fly shades, it is a slang adjective. English can be confusing because words can mean more than one thing, but if you know your eight parts of speech, you will avoid confusion. Verbs are words used to express action, condition, or a state of being. They are used in speech to move the meanings of sentences along. An action verb expresses an action. Words such as throw, create, and draw express physical action. Mental actions can be expressed by words such as believe, desire, and visualize. Verbs such as be and feel are used to show states of being. Helping verbs, or auxiliary verbs, are used to help the main verb express action or create verb phrases. Some examples of auxiliary verbs are would, might and am. Nouns are words that name a person, place, thing or idea. A few examples of nouns are person, place, thing and idea. Proper nouns name specific things such as Jeff, California, and English. To change a noun from singular form to plural form an s or es must be added to the end of the word. Two examples are thing/things and dish/dishes. Some nouns have irregular plural forms and are a little harder to spell sometimes. A couple of these nouns are man/men, and reality/realities. To show ownership, one must add an apostrophe s to the end of a singular noun, or just an apostrophe to a plural noun. Examples of the possessive form are Jeffs possession and fools wisdom. Pronouns are words used in place of nouns to shorten a repeated noun that has already been mentioned. The noun that the pronoun replaces is called the antecedent of the pronoun. My girlfriend goes shopping a lot. She spends a bunch of money on garbage. In these last two sentences, she is the pronoun, and girlfriend is the antecedent. There are many forms of pronouns, such as personal, possessive, reflexive, intensive, indefinite, demonstrative, interrogative, relative and reciprocal. Adjectives are very useful words. They add information to sentences by telling us more about nouns and pronouns, usually by describing, identifying, or quantifying those words. Adjectives usually come before the words they modify, but sometimes follow linking verbs. Here are two examples. She is a nice woman. That woman is nice. Quantifying adjectives come in the form of articles and numbers such as an, and twenty-one.
An adverb is defined as a word that gives more information about a verb, adjective

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or other adverbs. In the sentence: She runs slow, slow describes how sue performs the adjective, runs. In the sentence She runs very slow, very describes the adverb slow, and tells how slow she runs. Most, but not all adverbs end in ly, but not all words that end in ly are adverbs. Ugly is an adjective. Supply can be a noun. Quickly and not are both adverbs.

A preposition is a word, which shows relationships between other words in the sentence. Relationships between words can be in the form of time or space. She went to the mall again. To is a preposition that shows direction or space. She will find more clothes than you could imagine in thirty minutes. In is the preposition that shows time. A preposition always goes with a noun or pronoun, which is called the object of the preposition. The preposition is almost always before the noun or pronoun and that is why it is called a preposition. The preposition and the object of the preposition together are called a prepositional phrase. In the sentence She went to the mall, to the mall is the prepositional phrase. A conjunction is a word that connects words, or groups of words, to tell something about the relationship between these words. In the sentence she and I are friends, and connects two pronouns, she and I. Coordinating conjunctions are conjunctions, which connect two equal parts of a sentence. The most common ones are and, or, but, and so. She is small but strong. But is used as a coordinating conjunction. Subordinating conjunctions connect two parts of a sentence that are not equal. Some subordinating conjunctions are whether, though and because. Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that work together. Both she and I live in San Diego. Both/and, neither/nor, whether/or are all common correlative conjunctions. Conjunctive adverbs are adverbs that show a transition between ideas within a sentence. They normally show comparison, contrast, or cause-effect relationships. She was sick; however, she still could muster up enough energy to go to the mall. An interjection is a word, or a short phrase used to express emotion or surprise. Interjections are often sentence fragments, or stand by themselves. Yeah! Im done. Yeah is used to show the long awaited emotion of freedom. Interjections are also often used as commands, or as part of a protest. Stop! Dont assign so much homework. Interjections are very important, and thats why they are mentioned last, but not least, in the eight parts of speech.

Trans 51 key (1)Interjection (2)Verb (3)Noun (4)Conjunction (5)Pronoun (6)Adjective (1)Hey! This class keeps me from (2)sleeping in all (3)day; (4)although, (5)it has a (6)negative (7)Preposition (8)Adverb effect on my sleep, because I like staying up (7)all night, or until I can (8)hardly keep my eyes open.

f you know the parts of a sentence, you understand the sentence better. A sentence is not simply some words randomly thrown together. It is something built from words and phrases (i.e. groups of words) according to some system.

How does a sentence work?

As I said, according to some system... What is a system? Not as difficult as it sounds... A system is something in which...

there are parts, all the parts do different tasks, so that the purpose of the whole is fulfilled.

A sentence too is a system. So, the important questions are... 1. What are the different parts of a sentence and what jobs do these sentence parts do? 2. How do these parts inter-relate so that a grammatically correct sentence is created?

correct sentences grammatically correct sentence pianos

What are the Different Sentence Parts?

As we learn about the parts of a sentence, we shall hear more about these different names.

Subject (For a detailed treatment of this part, click here)

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Predicate Finite Verb (Transitive, Intransitive, or Linking) The Object (Direct or Indirect) Complement (Subjective or Objective) Adverbial

Subject and Predicate

Traditionally, a sentence is divided into two parts:
1. The Subjecttells us which person, animal, place or thing we are talking about; 2. the Predicatetells us what we are saying about that subject.

Have a look at these sentences...

Mohan ate those mangoes. Cricket is played in India. His sister is a teacher in Delhi.

The bold-faced part is the subject and the remaining part is the predicate in each of the three sentences above. This division of the sentence into Subject and Predicate is clearly according to meaning. There is a more sophisticated explanation of these two sentence parts. Read here a detailed explanation about the Subject.

Finite Verb
A finite verb is a one-word, two-word, three-word or four-word verb, which acts as a single meaningful sentence part and is essential (necessary) for the existence of the sentence. Examples of finite verbs are:

eat is eating has been eaten will have been eating

Read more about finite verbs here.

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The Object
This is usually a noun phrase, i.e. a group of words built around a noun or a pronoun. The object answers the question:

finite verb + whom? or finite verb + what?

as in these examples:

The teacher praised the student. (praised whom?Answer: the student) Mohan eats mangoes. (eats what?Answer: mangoes)

The student and mangoes are the objects in the above sentences.

Adverbial
Sentences may contain words or phrases of information about when, where, how or why some action took place or something is in existence. Such words or phrases are called Adverbials. Here are some examples...

in the morningShe completed the story in the morning. at the railway stationI met him at the railway station. brilliantlyShe played the piano brilliantly. for permission to go homeYou should meet me for permission to go home.

Complement
As the name suggests, a complement is something that completes something. What does it complete? A complement completes...

sometimes the meaning of the Subject (subject complement or subjective complement) and sometimes that of the Object (object complement or objective complement).

How does the Complement Complete?

The Complement completes either by renaming the subject or object or by describing them. Here are some examples:

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Peter is a student.the phrase a student renames the subject Peter. (Subject Complement) That girl is clever.the word clever describes the subject that girl. (Subject Complement) We made Mohan monitor of the class.the word monitor renames the object Mohan. (Object Complement) The people found Susanna innocent.the word innocent describes the object Susanna. (Object Complement)

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Location of Ectopic Pregnancies Diagram

Ectopic Pregnancies Percentage of Occurrence by Location

Location Out of Ectopic Pregnancies Fimbrial/Infundibulum Ectopic Pregnancy 5% Cornual/Interstitial Ectopic Pregnancy 1% - 2% Ovarian Ectopic Pregnancy .05% - 1% Broad Ligament/Intraligamentous Ectopic .03% - 1% Pregnancy Ampulla Ectopic Pregnancy 75% - 90% Isthmic Ectopic Pregnancy 5% - 15% Abdominal Ectopic Pregnancy .03% - 1% Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy 1% Heterotopic about 1/7000 (one embryo in the uterus and one embryo ectopic) *About 95% of Ectopic Pregnancies occur in some portion of the tube. 5% of Ectopic Pregnancies occur in other locations. How does an Ectopic Pregnancy Happen? The sperm after ejaculation from the male travel from the vagina, through the cervix, uterus and fallopian tubes to reach the ovary where fertilization takes place. From the ovary the egg once fertilized, will travel back through the fallopian tube into the uterus to implant. The major cause of an ectopic is when the egg for some reason is unable to reach the uterus. Most commonly the

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fertilized egg (zygote) stops in the fallopian tube and implants there resulting in an ectopic pregnancy. The narrow fallopian tubes are not designed to hold a growing embryo and the fertilized egg cannot develop normally, in most cases. Eventually, the thin walls of the tube stretch to the point of rupturing. If this happens, a woman is in dang