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1.3V to 5.0/5.5/8.0V 2.0V to 5.0/5.5/8.0V 2.0V to 5.0/5.5/8.0V 2.0V to 5.0/5.5/8.0V 3.0V to 9.0V 1.5V to 15V (Adjustable) 2.2 to 5.0V 1.03V 2.0V to 5.0V 2.0V to 5.0V 1.5V to 5.0V 2..0V to 5.0V 2.0V to 5.0V 2.0 to 5.0 V 2.0 to 5.0V
High High Low Low No Low Low High No No Low Low Low High High CMOS/TTL Commpatible Switch CMOS/TTL Commpatible Switch CMOS/TTL Commpatible Switch
Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes
No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No
SOT-23L SOT-89-5 SOT-23L SOT-89-5 SOT-89 SOT-23L SOT-23L SOT-26 TO-92 SOT-25 SOT-25 SOT-23-3 SOT-23-5 SOT-23-5 SOT-23-5
TK732xxMCL
2.0 to 11.0 V
SOT-23L-8
TK732xxMCLH
4.1 to 4.2
SOT-23L-8
TK732xxMIL
2.4 to 11.0
SOT-23L-8
TK112xxB
VOLTAGE REGULATOR WITH ON/OFF SWITCH FEATURES
High Voltage Precision at 2.0% Active High On/Off Control Very Low Dropout Voltage 80 mV at 30 mA Very Low Noise Very Small SOT-23L or SOT-89 Surface Mount Packages s Internal Thermal Shutdown s Short Circuit Protection s s s s s
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s s s Battery Powered Systems Cellular Telephones Pagers Personal Communications Equipment Portable Instrumentation Portable Consumer Equipment Radio Control Systems Toys Low Voltage Systems
DESCRIPTION
The TK112xxB is a low dropout linear regulator with a builtin electronic switch. The internal switch can be controlled by TTL or CMOS logic levels. The device is in the on state when the control pin is pulled to a logic high level. An external capacitor can be connected to the noise bypass pin to lower the output noise level to 30 Vrms. An internal PNP pass transistor is used to achieve a low dropout voltage of 80 mV (typ.) at 30 mA load current. The TK112xxB has a very low quiescent current of 170 A at no load and 1 mA with a 30 mA load. The standby current is typically 100 nA. The internal thermal shut down circuitry limits the junction temperature to below 150 C. The load current is internally monitored and the device will shut down in the presence of a short circuit or overcurrent condition at the output. The TK112xxB is available in either a 6-pin SOT-23L or a 5-pin SOT-89 surface mount packages. TK112xxB
CONTROL
20 P
VIN GND
SOT-23L
VOUT
NOISE BYPASS
GND
ORDERING INFORMATION
SOT-89
CONTROL
TK112
Voltage Code Package Code
B
Tape/Reel Code Temp. Code
VIN VOUT
BLOCK DIAGRAM
VOLTAGE CODE
13 = 1.3 V 14 = 1.4 V 15 = 1.5 V 16 = 1.6 V 17 = 1.7 V 18 = 1.8 V 19 = 1.9 V 20 = 2.0 V 21 = 2.1 V 22 = 2.2 V 23 = 2.3 V 24 = 2.4 V 25 = 2.5 V 26 = 2.6 V 27 = 2.7 V 28 = 2.8 V 29 = 2.9 V 30 = 3.0 V 31 = 3.1 V 32 = 3.2 V 33 = 3.3 V 34 = 3.4 V 35 = 3.5 V 36 = 3.6 V 37 = 3.7 V 38 = 3.8 V 39 = 3.9 V 40 = 4.0 V 41 = 4.1 V 42 = 4.2 V 43 = 4.3 V 44 = 4.4 V 45 = 4.5 V 46 = 4.6 V 47 = 4.7 V 48 = 4.8 V 49 = 4.9 V 50 = 5.0 V 55 = 5.5 V 80 = 8.0 V
PACKAGE CODE:
M: SOT-23L U: SOT-89
NOTE 1:
1.3 V to 1.9 V available in SOT-23L package only.
TAPE/REEL CODE
L: Tape Left (SOT-23L) B: Tape Left (SOT-89)
THERMAL PROTECTION
TEMP. CODE:
C: -30 to +80 C I: -40 to +85 C
CONTROL
NOTE 2:
1.3 V to 2.4 V available in C temperature code (-30 to +80 C) only.
BANDGAP REFERENCE GND
NOISE BYPASS
Page 1
TK112xxB
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS TK112xxBC (VOUT 2.0 V)
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 16 V Power Dissipation SOT-23L (Note1) .................. 600 mW Power Dissipation SOT-89 (Note1) .................... 900 mW Reverse Bias ............................................................ 10 V Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ...................-30 to +80 C Operating Voltage Range ............................ 1.8 to 14.5 V Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C
VNO
30
Vrms
Vref VOUT /T
1.25 IOUT = 10 mA 40
V ppm/ C
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Current Control Voltage ON Control Voltage OFF VCONT = 1.8 V, Output ON Output ON Output OFF 1.8 0.6 12 35 A V V
Note 1: When mounted as recommended. Derate at 4.8 mW/C for SOT-23L and 6.4 mW/C for SOT-89 packages for operation above 25C. Note 2: Refer to Definition of Terms. Note 3: Ripple rejection and noise voltage are affected by the value and characteristics of the capacitor used. Note 4: Output noise voltage can be reduced by connecting a capacitor to a noise pass terminal. Gen. Note: Parameters with min. or max. values are 100% tested at TA = 25 C.
Page 2
TK112xxB
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS TK1121xBC (VOUT 1.9 V)
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 16 V Power Dissipation SOT-23L (Note1) .................. 600 mW Power Dissipation SOT-89 (Note1) .................... 900 mW Reverse Bias .............................................................. 7 V Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ................... -30 to +80 C Operating Voltage Range ............................ 1.8 to 14.5 V Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C
RR
Ripple Rejection
dB
VNO
30
Vrms
Vref VOUT /T
1.25 IOUT = 10 mA 40
V ppm/ C
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Current Control Voltage ON Control Voltage OFF VCONT = 1.8 V, Output ON Output ON Output OFF 1.8 0.6 12 35 A V V
Note 1: When mounted as recommended. Derate at 4.8 mw/C for SOT-23L and 6.4 mw/C for SOT-89 packages for operation above 25 C. Note 2: Refer to Definition of Terms. Note 3: Ripple rejection and noise voltage are affected by the value and characteristics of the capacitor used. Note 4: Output noise voltage can be reduced by connecting a capacitor to a noise pass terminal. Gen Note: Parameters with min. or max. values are 100% tested at TA = 25 C.
Page 3
TK112xxB
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS TK112xxBI (VOUT 2.5 V)
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 16 V Power Dissipation SOT-23L (Note1) .................. 600 mW Power Dissipation SOT-89 (Note1) .................... 900 mW Reverse Bias ............................................................ 10 V Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ...................-40 to +85 C Operating Voltage Range ............................ 1.8 to 14.5 V Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C
IOUT = 1 to 60 mA, (Note 2) Load Reg Load Regulation IOUT = 1 to 100 mA, (Note 2) IOUT = 1 to 150 mA, (Note 2) VDROP IOUT IOUT(PULSE) RR Dropout Voltage Continuous Output Current Pulse Output Current Ripple Rejection IOUT = 60 mA, (Note 2) IOUT = 150 mA, (Note 2) (Note 2) 5 ms pulse, 12.5 % duty cycle f = 400 Hz, CL = 10 F, CN = 0.1 F, VIN = VOUT + 1.5 V, IOUT = 30 mA, VRIPPLE = 100 mVrms, (Note 3) 10 Hz f 80 kHz, CL = 10 F, CN = 0.1 F, VCN = VOUT + 1.5 V, IOUT = 60 mA, (Notes 3,4)
VNO
30
Vrms
Vref VOUT /T
1.25 IOUT = 10 mA 40
V ppm/ C
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Current Control Voltage ON Control Voltage OFF VCONT = 1.8 V, Output ON Output ON Output OFF 2. 0 0.5 12 40 A V V
Note 1: When mounted as recommended. Derate at 4.8 mw/C for SOT-23L and 6.4 mw/C for SOT-89 packages for operation above 25 C. Note 2: Refer to Definition of Terms. Note 3: Ripple rejection and noise voltage are affected by the value and characteristics of the capacitor used. Note 4: Output noise voltage can be reduced by connecting a capacitor to a noise pass terminal. Gen Note: Parameters with min. or max. values are 100% tested at TA = 25 C. Gen Note: For Line Regulation, typ. and max. is changed to VOUT > 5.6 V.
Page 4
TK112xxB
TK112xxBMC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TABLE 1
Test conditions: TA = 25 C, IOUT = 30 mA, unless otherwise specified.
Output Voltage 1.3 V 1.4 V 1.5 V 1.6 V 1.7 V 1.8 V 1.9 V Voltage Code 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 VOUT(MIN) 1.240 V 1.340 V 1.440 V 1.540 V 1.640 V 1.740 V 1.804 V VOUT(MAX) 1.36 V 1.46 V 1.560 V 1.660 V 1.760 V 1.860 V 1.960 V Test Voltage 2.4 V 2.4 V 2.4 V 2.4 V 2.4 V 2.4 V 2.4 V
Page 5
TK112xxB
TK112xxBI ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TABLE 3
Test Conditions: VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1 V, IOUT = 30 mA, unless otherwise specified.
Output Voltage 2.5 V 2.6 V 2.7 V 2.8 V 2.9 V 3.0 V 3.1 V 3.2 V 3.3 V 3.4 V 3.5 V 3.6 V 3.7 V 3.8 V 3.9 V 4.0 V 4.1 V 4.2 V 4.3 V 4.4 V 4.5 V 4.6 V 4.7 V 4.8 V 4.9 V 5.0 V 5.5 V 8.0 V Voltage Code 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 55 80 Room Temp. Range (TA = 25 C) VOUT(MAX) VOUT(MIN) 2.440 V 2.540 V 2.640 V 2.750 V 2.840 V 2.940 V 3.040 V 3.140 V 3.240 V 3.335 V 3.435 V 3.535 V 3.630 V 3.725 V 3.825 V 3.920 V 4.020 V 4.120 V 4.215 V 4.315 V 4.410 V 4.510 V 4.605 V 4.705 V 4.800 V 4.900 V 5.390 V 7.840 V 2.560 V 2.660 V 2.760 V 2.860 V 2.960 V 3.060 V 3.160 V 3.260 V 3.360 V 3.465 V 3.565 V 3.665 V 3.770 V 3.875 V 3.975 V 4.080 V 4.180 V 4.280 V 4.385 V 4.485 V 4.590 V 4.690 V 4.795 V 4.895 V 5.000 V 5.100 V 5.610 V 8.160 V Full Temp. Range (TA = -40 to +85 C) VOUT(MIN) VOUT(MAX) 2.400 V 2.500 V 2.600 V 2.700 V 2.800 V 2.900 V 3.000 V 3.095 V 3.190 V 3.290 V 3.385 V 3.485 V 3.580 V 3.675 V 3.770 V 3.870 V 3.965 V 4.060 V 4.160 V 4.255 V 4.350 V 4.450 V 4.545 V 4.640 V 4.740 V 4.835 V 5.320 V 7.745 V 2.600 V 2.700 V 2.800 V 2.900 V 3.000 V 3.100 V 3.200 V 3.305 V 3.410 V 3.510 V 3.615 V 3.720 V 3.820 V 3.925 V 4.030 V 4.130 V 4.235 V 4.335 V 4.440 V 4.545 V 4.645 V 4.750 V 4.850 V 4.955 V 5.060 V 5.165 V 5.680 V 8.265 V
Page 6
TK112xxB
TEST CIRCUITS
SOT-23L
IIN VIN + + 1 F VIN VOUT 2.2 F IOUT VOUT VOUT
SOT-89
IIN IOUT + VOUT
VIN
+ 1.0 F
+ VIN
2.2 F
CONT VCONT +
TRANSIENT RESPONSE
VIN RS CONT 1 F CN 0.1 F CL = 10 F to 0.22 F 112XXB V OUT
CONT
ICONT
+ ICONT VCONT 1
VOUT (5 mV/DIV)
CN = 0.01 F
VOUT (V)
3 2 1 0
VOUT
300
IOUT = 0 mA
VDROP (mV)
10 VIN (V)
20
200
Page 7
TK112xxB
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
REVERSE BIAS CURRENT (VIN = 0 V) 500 400 IREV (A) 300 200 100 0
0 100 IOUT (mA)
QUIESCENT CURRENT (ON MODE) VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 2 IOUT = 0 mA 1.0
UPPER
IQ (pA)
1.9 V
50
200
10 VREV (V)
20
10 VIN (V)
20
GROUND CURRENT
IQ (mA)
VOUT = 1 3V 2V 5V 4V
IGND (mA)
IOUT = 60 mA 1
IQ (mA)
0 0
0 0
CONTROL CURRENT 50 40
ICONT (A)
VDROP (mV)
IOUT = 150 mA
30 20 10
1.0
IOUT = 60 mA
0 -50
0 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 8
TK112xxB
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
VOUT +1 V
270 260
UNDER
240 -50 0
VOUT
250
VOUT = 1.9 V
VOUT
CN = 0.001 F, CL = .22 F
NOISE SPECTRUM
VS.
CN
VOUT IOUT
50 mA
CN = 0.01 F, CL = 2.2 F
dB
150
CL = 3.3F
100 CL = 10 F 50 0
VOUT
500 k f (Hz)
1M
1 PF
10
100
1000 .01 F CN
.1
CN = 0.01 F
10
100
f (kHz)
Page 9
TK112xxB
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
TK11213B
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
1.3
VOUT (V)
IOUT = 0 mA 30 mA 60 mA
1.3
VOUT (V)
1.2
150 mA 90 mA
1.2
2.4 V 2.0 V
120 mA
1.1
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
100
200
300
VIN (V)
IOUT (mA)
TK11214B
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
1.4
VOUT (V)
IOUT = 0 mA 30 mA
1.4
VOUT (V)
60 mA
1.3
150 mA 90 mA
1.3
2.4 V
120 mA
2.0 V
1.2
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
100
200
300
VIN (V)
IOUT (mA)
TK11215B
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
1.5
IOUT = 0 mA
1.5
30 mA
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
1.9 V
60 mA
2.1 V
1.4
1.4
VIN = 1.8 V
2.0 V
2.4 V
120 mA
1.3 1.6
150 mA 90 mA
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
1.3
100
200
300
VIN (V)
IOUT (mA)
Page 10
TK112xxB
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
TK11216B
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
1.6
IOUT = 0 mA
1.6
30 mA
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
60 mA
1.9 V
2.1 V
1.5
150 mA 120 mA
1.5
1.4 1.6
90 mA
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
1.4
100
200
300
VIN (V)
IOUT (mA)
TK11217B
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
1.7
VOUT (V)
IOUT = 0 mA
30 mA
1.6
60 mA
1.6
150 mA 120 mA
1.5 1.6
90 mA
100
200
300
IOUT (mA)
TK11218B
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
1.8
IOUT = 0 mA
1.8
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
90 mA
1.7
30 mA
1.7
VIN = 1.8 V
2.4 V
150 mA 60 mA
1.6 1.7
120 mA
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
1.6
100
200
300
VIN (V)
IOUT (mA)
Page 11
TK112xxB
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
TK11219B
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE
1.9
IOUT = 0 mA
2.2 V
VOUT (V)
1.8
30 mA 90 mA 150 mA 120 mA
1.8
2.4 V
VIN = 1.9 V
1.7 1.7
60 mA
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
1.7
100
200
300
VIN (V)
IOUT (mA)
Page 12
TK112xxB
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VOUT) The output voltage is specified with VIN = (VOUT(TYP) + 1 V) and IOUT = 30 mA. DROPOUT VOLTAGE (VDROP) The dropout voltage is the difference between the input voltage and the output voltage at which point the regulator starts to fall out of regulation. Below this value, the output voltage will fall as the input voltage is reduced. It is dependent upon the load current and the junction temperature. OUTPUT CURRENT (IOUT(MAX)) This is the maximum continuous output current specified under the condition where the output voltage drops 0.3 V below the value specified with IOUT = 30 mA. The input voltage is set to VOUT +1 V, and the current is pulsed to minimize temperature effect. CONTINUOUS OUTPUT CURRENT (IOUT) Normal operating output current. This is limited by package power dissipation. PULSE OUTPUT CURRENT (IOUT(PULSE)) Maximum pulse width 5 ms at VOUT upper 2.0 V; 7 ms. at VOUT under 1.9 V; duty cycle 12.5%: pulse load only. LINE REGULATION (Line Reg) Line regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the input voltage changes. The line regulation is specified as the input voltage is changed from VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1 V to VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 6 V. LOAD REGULATION (Load Reg) Load regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the load current changes. It is a pulsed measurement to minimize temperature effects with the input voltage set to VIN = VOUT +1 V. The load regulation is specified under two output current step conditions of 1 mA to 60 mA and 1 mA to 100 mA. QUIESCENT CURRENT (IQ) The quiescent current is the current which flows through the ground terminal under no load conditions (IOUT = 0 mA). GROUND CURRENT (IGND) Ground current is the current which flows through the ground pin(s). It is defined as IIN - IOUT, excluding ICONT. RIPPLE REJECTION RATIO (RR) Ripple rejection is the ability of the regulator to attenuate the ripple content of the input voltage at the output. It is specified with 100 mVrms, 400 Hz superimposed on the input voltage, where VIN = VOUT + 1.5 V. The output decoupling capacitor is set to 10 F, the noise bypass capacitor is set to 0.1 F, and the load current is set to 30 mA. Ripple rejection is the ratio of the ripple content of the output vs. the input and is expressed in dB. STANDBY CURRENT (ISTBY) Standby current is the current which flows into the regulator when the output is turned off by the control function (VCONT = 0 V). It is measured with VIN = 8 V (9 V for the 8 V output device). SENSOR CIRCUITS Overcurrent Sensor The overcurrent sensor protects the device in the event that the output is shorted to ground. Thermal Sensor The thermal sensor protects the device in the event that the junction temperature exceeds the safe value (TJ = 150 C). This temperature rise can be caused by external heat, excessive power dissipation caused by large input to output voltage drops, or excessive output current. The regulator will shut off when the temperature exceeds the safe value. As the junction temperatures decrease, the regulator will begin to operate again. Under sustained fault conditions, the regulator output will oscillate as the device turns off then resets. Damage may occur to the device under extreme fault conditions.
Page 13
TK112xxB
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS (CONT.)
Reverse Voltage Protection Reverse voltage protection prevents damage due to the output voltage being higher than the input voltage. This fault condition can occur when the output capacitor remains charged and the input is reduced to zero, or when an external voltage higher than the input voltage is applied to the output side. CONTROL FUNCTION
50 40 VOUT
SW
If the control function is not used, connect the control terminal to VIN. When the control function is used, the control current can be reduced by inserting a series resistor (RCONT) between the control terminal and VIN. The value of this resistor should be determined from the graph below.
VIN
ICONT (A)
CN
RC
SOT-23L
VIN
SW
RC CN
SOT-89
Page 14
TK112xxB
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS (CONT.)
ON/OFF RESPONSE WITH CONTROL AND LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE The turn-on time depends upon the value of the output capacitor and the noise bypass capacitor. The turn-on time will increase with the value of either capacitor. The graphs below show the relationship between turn-on time and load capacitance. If the value of these capacitors is reduced, the load and line regulation will suffer and the noise voltage will increase. If the value of these capacitors is increased, the turn-on time will increase.
CL = 0.33 F
CN = 0.01 F
CL = 1.0 F CL = 1.5 F CL = 0.47 F 5 15 25 35 45 CN = 0.1 F ILOAD = 30 mA 0 200 400 TIME (s) 600 800
VOUT
-5
VOUT
-5
15
25
35
45
TIME (s)
TIME( s)
REDUCTION OF OUTPUT NOISE Although the architecture of the Toko regulators is designed to minimize semiconductor noise, further reduction can be achieved by the selection of external components. The obvious solution is to increase the size of the output capacitor. A more effective solution would be to add a capacitor to the noise bypass terminal. The value of this capacitor should be 0.1 f or higher (higher values provide greater noise reduction). Although stable operation is possible without the noise bypass capacitor, this terminal has a high impedance and care should be taken to avoid a large circuit area on the printed circuit board when the capacitor is not used. Please note that several parameters are affected by the value of the capacitors and bench testing is recommended when deviating from standard values.
Page 15
TK112xxB
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS (CONT.)
PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION (PD) This is the power dissipation level at which the thermal sensor is activated. The IC contains an internal thermal sensor which monitors the junction temperature. When the junction temperature exceeds the monitor threshold of 150 C, the IC is shut down. The junction temperature rises as the difference between the input power (VIN x IIN) and the output power (VOUT x IOUT) increases. The rate of temperature rise is greatly affected by the mounting pad configuration on the PCB, the board material, and the ambient temperature. When the IC mounting has good thermal conductivity, the junction temperature will be low even if the power dissipation is great. When mounted on the recommended mounting pad, the power dissipation of the SOT-23L is increased to 600 mW. For operation at ambient temperatures over 25 C, the power dissipation of the SOT-23L device should be derated at 4.8 mW/C. The power dissipation of the SOT-89 package is 900 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate the power dissipation at 7.2 mW/C for operation above 25 C. To determine the power dissipation for shutdown when mounted, attach the device on the actual PCB and deliberately increase the output current (or raise the input voltage) until the thermal protection circuit is activated. Calculate the power dissipation of the device by subtracting the output power from the input power. These measurements should allow for the ambient temperature of the PCB. The value obtained from PD /(150 C - TA) is the derating factor. The PCB mounting pad should provide maximum thermal conductivity in order to maintain low device temperatures. As a general rule, the lower the temperature, the better the reliability of the device. The thermal resistance when mounted is expressed as follows: the output side is shorted. Input current gradually falls as temperature rises. You should use the value when thermal equilibrium is reached. The range of usable currents can also be found from the graph below.
(mW) PD 3
DPD
6 4 5
25
50
75 TA (C)
150
Procedure: 1) 2) 3) 4) Find PD PD1 is taken to be PD x (~0.8 - 0.9) Plot PD1 against 25 C Connect PD1 to the point corresponding to the 150 C with a straight line. 5) In design, take a vertical line from the maximum operating temperature (e.g., 75 C) to the derating curve. 6) Read off the value of PD against the point at which the vertical line intersects the derating curve. This is taken as the maximum power dissipation, DPD. The maximum operating current is:
Tj = 0jA x PD + TA IOUT = (DPD / (VIN(MAX) - VOUT) For Toko ICs, the internal limit for junction temperature is 150 C. If the ambient temperature (TA) is 25 C, then: 150 C = 0jA x PD + 25 C 0jA = 125 C/ PD PD is the value when the thermal sensor is activated. A simple way to determine PD is to calculate VIN x IIN when
Page 16
TK112xxB
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS (CONT.)
750 600 PD (mW) 450 FREE AIR 300 150 0 0 50 TA (C) 100 150 MOUNTED AS SHOWN
PD (mW) 1000 800 FREE AIR 600 400 200 0 0 50 TA (C) 100 MOUNTED AS SHOWN
150
VOUT
VIN
VIN
VOUT
GND
VCONT
VCONT
APPLICATION NOTE
Copper pattern should be as large as possible. Power dissipation is 600 mW for SOT-23L and 900 mV for SOT-89. A low Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) capacitor is recommended. For low temperature operation, select a capacitor with a low ESR at the lowest operating temperature to prevent oscillation, degradation of ripple rejection and increase in noise. The minimum recommended capacitance is 2.2 F.
Page 17
TK112xxB
APPLICATION INFORMATION
INPUT-OUTPUT CAPACITORS Linear regulators require an output capacitor in order to maintain regulator loop stability. This capacitor should be selected to ensure stable operation over the desired temperature and load range. The graphs below show the effects of capacitance value and ESR on the stable operation area. VOUT =
112xxB
CL ESR 2.0 V 3.0 V 5.0 V
CL = 1 F
1000 1000
CL = 2.2 F
1000
CL = 3.3 F
1000
CL = 10 F
100
100
100
100
ESR ()
ESR ()
ESR ()
ESR ()
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
In general, the capacitor should be at least 1 F (aluminum electrolytic) and be rated for the actual ambient operating temperature range. The table below shows typical characteristics for several types and values of capacitance. Please note that the ESR varies widely depending upon manufacturer, type, size, and material. ESR Capacitance 1.0 F 2.2 F 3.3 F 10 F Aluminum Capacitor 2.4 2.0 4.6 1.4 Tantalum Capacitor 2.3 1.9 1.0 0.5 Ceramic Capacitor 0.140 0.059 0.049 0.025
Page 18
TK112xxB
PACKAGE OUTLINE
0.4 6 5 4 Marking
+0.15 - 0.05
SOT-23L (SOT-23L-6)
0.1
0.6
Marking Information
Product Code P Voltage Code
TK11213B TK11214B TK11215B TK11216B TK11217B TK11218B TK11219B TK11220B TK11221B TK11222B TK11223B TK11224B TK11225B TK11226B TK11227B TK11228B TK11229B TK11230B TK11231B TK11232B TK11233B TK11234B TK11235B TK11236B TK11237B TK11238B TK11239B TK11240B TK11241B TK11242B TK11243B TK11244B TK11245B TK11246B TK11247B TK11248B TK11249B TK11250B TK11255B TK11280B 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 55 80
1.0
Product Code
Voltage Code
1 e
2 e 0.95
3 0.32 5 PL 0.95
+0.15 - 0.05
0.1
e 0.95
e 0.95
3.5
+0.3 - 0.1
(3.4)
2.2 0.3
1.4 max
e1 3.0 0.15
0 - 0.1
+0.15 - 0.05
15 max 0.4
+ 0.3
1.2
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
3.3
4.5
0.44 max
0.4
4.5
Product Code
2.5
1.0
1 0.49 max
1.5
1.5 1.5
1.0
0.44 max
Recommended Mount Pad Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
1.5
0.7
45
0.8
0.7
Page 19
Printed in the USA
TK113xxB
VOLTAGE REGULATOR WITH ON/OFF SWITCH FEATURES
High Voltage Precision at 2.0% Active Low On/Off Control Very Low Dropout Voltage 80 mV at 30 mA Very Low Noise Very Small SOT-23L or SOT-89 Surface Mount Packages s Internal Thermal Shutdown s Short Circuit Protection s s s s s
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s s s Battery Powered Systems Cellular Telephones Pagers Personal Communications Equipment Portable Instrumentation Portable Consumer Equipment Radio Control Systems Toys Low Voltage Systems
DESCRIPTION
The TK113xxB is a low dropout linear regulator with a builtin electronic switch. The device is in the on state when the control pin is pulled to a low level. An external capacitor can be connected to the noise bypass pin to lower the output noise level to 30 Vrms. An internal PNP pass transistor is used to achieve a low dropout voltage of 80 mV (typ.) at 30 mA load current. The TK113xxB has a very low quiescent current of 170 A at no load and 1 mA with a 30 mA load. The standby current is typically 100 nA. The internal thermal shut down circuitry limits the junction temperature to below 150 C. The load current is internally monitored and the device will shut down in the presence of a short circuit or overcurrent condition at the output.
The TK113xxB is available in either 6-pin SOT-23L or 5-pin SOT-89 surface mount packages. TK113xxB
CONTROL
20 P
VIN GND
SOT-23L
VOUT
NOISE BYPASS
GND CONTROL
SOT-89
ORDERING INFORMATION
TK113
Voltage Code Package Code
B
Tape/Reel Code Temp. Code
VIN
BLOCK DIAGRAM
VOUT
VOLTAGE CODE
20 = 21 = 22 = 23 = 24 = 25 = 26 = 27 = 28 = 29 = 30 = 31 = 32 = 33 = 34 = 35 = 36 = 2.0 V 2.1 V 2.2 V 2.3 V 2.4 V 2.5 V 2.6 V 2.7 V 2.8 V 2.9 V 3.0 V 3.1 V 3.2 V 3.3 V 3.4 V 3.5 V 3.6 V 37 = 3.7 V 38 = 3.8 V 39 = 3.9 V 40 = 4.0 V 41 = 4.1 V 42 = 4.2 V 43 = 4.3 V 44 = 4.4 V 45 = 4.5 V 46 = 4.6 V 47 = 4.7 V 48 = 4.8 V 49 = 4.9 V 50 = 5.0 V 55 = 5.5 V 60 = 6.0 V 80 = 8.0 V
PACKAGE CODE:
M: SOT-23L U: SOT-89
TAPE/REEL CODE
L: Tape Left (SOT-23L) B: Tape Left (SOT-89)
CONTROL
THERMAL PROTECTION
TEMP. CODE:
C: -30 to +80 C I: -40 to +85 C
NOISE BYPASS
Page 1
TK113xx B
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (VOUT 2.0 V)
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 16 V Output Current .................................................... 260 mA Power Dissipation SOT-23L (Note 1) ............... 600 mW Power Dissipation SOT-23L (Note 1) ............... 900 mW Reverse Bias ............................................................ 10 V Test conditions: TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL IQ ISTBY VOUT Line Reg PARAMETER Quiescent Current Standby Current Output Voltage Line Regulation Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range .................. -30 to +80 C Voltage Range ............................................ 1.8 to 14.5 V Operating Junction Temperature .......................... 150 C
VNO
30
Vrms
Vref VOUT /T
1.25 IOUT = 10 mA 40
V ppm/ C
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Current Control Voltage ON Control Voltage OFF VCONT = 1.8 V, Output ON Output ON Output OFF
VCC-0.6
12
35
VCC-1.8
A V V
Note 1: When mounted as recommended. Derate at 4.8 mW/C for SOT-23L and 6.4 mW/C for SOT-89 packages for operation above 25C. Note 2: Refer to Definition of Terms. Note 3: Ripple rejection and noise voltage are affected by the value and characteristics of the capacitor used. Note 4: Output noise voltage can be reduced by connecting a capacitor to a noise pass terminal. Gen. Note: Parameters with min. or max. values are 100% tested at TA = 25 C.
Page 2
TK113xxB
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS TK113xxBI (VOUT 2.5 V)
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 16 V Power Dissipation SOT-23L (Note1) .................. 600 mW Power Dissipation SOT-89 (Note1) .................... 900 mW Reverse Bias ............................................................ 10 V Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ................... -40 to +85 C Operating Voltage Range ............................ 1.8 to 14.5 V Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C
IOUT = 1 to 60 mA, (Note 2) Load Reg Load Regulation IOUT = 1 to 100 mA, (Note 2) IOUT = 1 to 150 mA, (Note 2) VDROP IOUT IOUT(PULSE) RR Dropout Voltage Continuous Output Current Pulse Output Current Ripple Rejection IOUT = 60 mA, (Note 2) IOUT = 150 mA, (Note 2) (Note 2) 5 ms pulse, 12.5 % duty cycle f = 400 Hz, CL = 10 F, CN = 0.1 F, VIN = VOUT + 1.5 V, IOUT = 30 mA, VRIPPLE = 100 mVrms, (Note 3) 10 Hz f 80 kHz, CL = 10 F, CN = 0.1 F, VCN = VOUT + 1.5 V, IOUT = 60 mA, (Notes 3,4)
VNO
30
Vrms
Vref VOUT /T
1.25 IOUT = 10 mA 40
V ppm/ C
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Current Control Voltage ON Control Voltage OFF VCONT = 1.8 V, Output ON Output ON Output OFF
VCC-0.5
12
40
VCC-2.0
A V V
Note 1: When mounted as recommended. Derate at 4.8 mw/C for SOT-23L and 6.4 mw/C for SOT-89 packages for operation above 25 C. Note 2: Refer to Definition of Terms. Note 3: Ripple rejection and noise voltage are affected by the value and characteristics of the capacitor used. Note 4: Output noise voltage can be reduced by connecting a capacitor to a noise pass terminal. Gen Note: Parameters with min. or max. values are 100% tested at TA = 25 C. Gen Note: For Line Regulation, typ. and max. is changed to VOUT > 5.6 V.
Page 3
TK113xx B
TK113xxBC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TABLE 1
Test conditions: TA = 25 C, IOUT = 30 mA, unless otherwise specified.
Output Voltage 2.0 V 2.1 V 2.2 V 2.3 V 2.4 V 2.5 V 2.6 V 2.7 V 2.8 V 2.9 V 3.0 V 3.1 V 3.2 V 3.3 V 3.4 V 3.5 V 3.6 V Voltage Code 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 VOUT(MIN) 1.940 V 2.040 V 2.140 V 2.240 V 2.340 V 2.440 V 2.540 V 2.640 V 2.740 V 2.840 V 2.940 V 3.040 V 3.140 V 3.240 V 3.335 V 3.435 V 3.535 V VOUT(MAX) 2.060 V 2.160 V 2.260 V 2.360 V 2.460 V 2.560 V 2.660 V 2.760 V 2.860 V 2.960 V 3.060 V 3.160 V 3.260 V 3.360 V 3.465 V 3.565 V 3.665 V Test Voltage 3.0 V 3.1 V 3.2 V 3.3 V 3.4 V 3.5 V 3.6 V 3.7 V 3.8 V 3.9 V 4.0 V 4.1 V 4.2 V 4.3 V 4.4 V 4.5 V 4.6 V Output Voltage 3.7 V 3.8 V 3.9 V 4.0 V 4.1 V 4.2 V 4.3 V 4.4 V 4.5 V 4.6 V 4.7 V 4.8 V 4.9 V 5.0 V 5.5 V 6.0 V 8.0 V Voltage Code 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 55 60 80 VOUT(MIN) 3.630 V 3.725 V 3.825 V 3.920 V 4.020 V 4.120 V 4.215 V 4.315 V 4.410 V 4.510 V 4.605 V 4.705 V 4.800 V 4.900 V 5.390 V 5.880 V 7.840 V VOUT(MAX) 3.770 V 3.875 V 3.975 V 4.080 V 4.180 V 4.280 V 4.385 V 4.485 V 4.590 V 4.690 V 4.795 V 4.895 V 5.000 V 5.100 V 5.610 V 6.120 V 8.160 V Test Voltage 4.7 V 4.8 V 4.9 V 5.0 V 5.1 V 5.2 V 5.3 V 5.4 V 5.5 V 5.6 V 5.7 V 5.8 V 5.9 V 6.0 V 6.5 V 7.0 V 9.0 V
Page 4
TK113xxB
TK113xxBI ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TABLE 2
Test Conditions: VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1 V, IOUT = 30 mA, unless otherwise specified.
Output Voltage 2.5 V 2.6 V 2.7 V 2.8 V 2.9 V 3.0 V 3.1 V 3.2 V 3.3 V 3.4 V 3.5 V 3.6 V 3.7 V 3.8 V 3.9 V 4.0 V 4.1 V 4.2 V 4.3 V 4.4 V 4.5 V 4.6 V 4.7 V 4.8 V 4.9 V 5.0 V 5.5 V 6.0 V 8.0 V Voltage Code 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 55 60 80 Room Temp. Range (TA = 25 C) VOUT(MAX) VOUT(MIN) 2.440 V 2.540 V 2.640 V 2.750 V 2.840 V 2.940 V 3.040 V 3.140 V 3.240 V 3.335 V 3.435 V 3.535 V 3.630 V 3.725 V 3.825 V 3.920 V 4.020 V 4.120 V 4.215 V 4.315 V 4.410 V 4.510 V 4.605 V 4.705 V 4.800 V 4.900 V 5.390 V 5.880 V 7.840 V 2.560 V 2.660 V 2.760 V 2.860 V 2.960 V 3.060 V 3.160 V 3.260 V 3.360 V 3.465 V 3.565 V 3.665 V 3.770 V 3.875 V 3.975 V 4.080 V 4.180 V 4.280 V 4.385 V 4.485 V 4.590 V 4.690 V 4.795 V 4.895 V 5.000 V 5.100 V 5.610 V 6.120 V 8.160 V Full Temp. Range (TA = -40 to +85 C) VOUT(MIN) VOUT(MAX) 2.400 V 2.500 V 2.600 V 2.700 V 2.800 V 2.900 V 3.000 V 3.095 V 3.190 V 3.290 V 3.385 V 3.485 V 3.580 V 3.675 V 3.770 V 3.870 V 3.965 V 4.060 V 4.160 V 4.255 V 4.350 V 4.450 V 4.545 V 4.640 V 4.740 V 4.835 V 5.320 V 5.805 V 7.745 V 2.600 V 2.700 V 2.800 V 2.900 V 3.000 V 3.100 V 3.200 V 3.305 V 3.410 V 3.510 V 3.615 V 3.720 V 3.820 V 3.925 V 4.030 V 4.130 V 4.235 V 4.335 V 4.440 V 4.545 V 4.645 V 4.750 V 4.850 V 4.955 V 5.060 V 5.165 V 5.680 V 6.195 V 8.265 V
Page 5
TK113xx B
SOT-23L
IIN VIN + + 1 F VIN VOUT 2.2 F IOUT VOUT VOUT IOUT + VOUT
TEST CIRCUITS
SOT-89
IIN
VIN
+ 1.0 F
+ VIN
2.2 F
CONT VCONT +
TRANSIENT RESPONSE
VIN RS CONT 1 F CN 0.1 F CL = 10 F to 0.22 F 113XXB V OUT
CONT
ICONT
+ ICONT VCONT 1
VCONT
VOUT (5 mV/DIV)
CN = 0.01 F
VOUT (V)
3 2 1 0
VOUT
50 IOUT (mA)
100
300
IOUT = 0 mA
VDROP (mV)
10 VIN (V)
20
200
Page 6
TK113xxB
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
REVERSE BIAS CURRENT (VIN = 0 V) 500 400
IREV (A)
6 4 2 0
IQ (pA)
50
0
0 10 VREV (V) 20
200
10 VIN (V)
20
DROPOUT VOLTAGE
IOUT = 0 mA
VDROP (mV)
IQ (mA)
VOUT = 1 3V 2V 5V 4V
IQ (mA)
IOUT = 60 mA 1
IOUT = 150 mA
IOUT = 60 mA
CONTROL CURRENT 50 40
ICONT (A)
VCONT (V)
VCONT = 5 V
IOUT (mA)
1.0
0 TA (C)
50
100
0 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
-50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 7
TK113xx B
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
10
VOUT (mV)
4V
VOUT
CN = 0.001 F, CL = .22 F
VOUT IOUT
VOUT +1 V
50 mA
CN = 0.01 F, CL = 2.2 F
VOUT
CN = 0.01 F, CL = 2.2 F
0 TA (C) 50 100
VOUT
NOISE LEVEL
VS.
CN
0
NOISE (V)
dB
150 100 50 0
CL = 3.3F CL = 10 F
CN = 0.01 F
500 k f (Hz)
1M
1 PF
10
100
1000 .01 F CN
.1
0.1
1 f (kHz)
10
100
Page 8
TK113xxB
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VOUT) The output voltage is specified with VIN = (VOUT(TYP) + 1 V) and IOUT = 30 mA. DROPOUT VOLTAGE (VDROP) The dropout voltage is the difference between the input voltage and the output voltage at which point the regulator starts to fall out of regulation. Below this value, the output voltage will fall as the input voltage is reduced. It is dependent upon the load current and the junction temperature. OUTPUT CURRENT (IOUT(MAX)) This is the maximum continuous output current as specified under the condition where the output voltage drops 0.3 V below the value specified with IOUT = 30 mA. The input voltage is set to VOUT +1 V, and the current is pulsed to minimize temperature effect. CONTINUOUS OUTPUT CURRENT (IOUT) Normal operating output current. This is limited by package power dissipation. PULSE OUTPUT CURRENT (IOUT(PULSE)) Max pulse width 5 ms, Duty cycle 12.5%: pulse load only. LINE REGULATION (Line Reg) Line regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the input voltage changes. The line regulation is specified as the input voltage is changed from VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1 V to VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 6 V. LOAD REGULATION (Load Reg) Load regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the load current changes. It is a pulsed measurement to minimize temperature effects with the input voltage set to VIN = VOUT +1 V. The load regulation is specified under two output current step conditions of 1 mA to 60 mA and 1 mA to 100 mA. QUIESCENT CURRENT (IQ) The quiescent current is the current which flows through the ground terminal under no load conditions (IOUT = 0 mA). GROUND CURRENT (IGND) Ground current is the current which flows through the ground pin(s). It is defined as IIN - IOUT, excluding control current. RIPPLE REJECTION RATIO (RR) Ripple rejection is the ability of the regulator to attenuate the ripple content of the input voltage at the output. It is specified with 100 mVrms, 400 Hz superimposed on the input voltage, where VIN = VOUT + 1.5 V. The output decoupling capacitor is set to 10 F, the noise bypass capacitor is set to 0.1 F, and the load current is set to 30 mA. Ripple rejection is the ratio of the ripple content of the output vs. the input and is expressed in dB. STANDBY CURRENT (ISTBY) Standby current is the current which flows into the regulator when the output is turned off by the control function (VCONT = VIN). It is measured with VIN = 8 V (9 V for the 8 V output device). SENSOR CIRCUITS Overcurrent Sensor The overcurrent sensor protects the device in the event that the output is shorted to ground. Thermal Sensor The thermal sensor protects the device in the event that the junction temperature exceeds the safe value (Tj = 150 C). This temperature rise can be caused by external heat, excessive power dissipation caused by large input to output voltage drops, or excessive output current. The regulator will shut off when the temperature exceeds the safe value. As the junction temperatures decrease, the regulator will begin to operate again. Under sustained fault conditions, the regulator output will oscillate as the device turns off then resets. Damage may occur to the device under extreme fault conditions.
Page 9
TK113xx B
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS (CONT.)
Reverse Voltage Protection Reverse voltage protection prevents damage due to the output voltage being higher than the input voltage. This fault condition can occur when the output capacitor remains charged and the input is reduced to zero, or when an external voltage higher than the input voltage is applied to the output side. CONTROL CURRENT
50 40 VOUT ICONT (A)
VIN
If the control function is not used, connect the control terminal to VIN. When the control function is used, the control current can be reduced by inserting a series resistor (RCONT) between the control terminal and VIN. The value of this resistor should be determined from the graph below.
RCONT = 0 30 20 10
SW
RC
CN
0 0 1 2
SOT-23L
VIN
CN
RC
SW
SOT-89
Page 10 January 1999 TOKO, Inc.
TK113xxB
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS (CONT.)
ON/OFF RESPONSE WITH CONTROL AND LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE The turn-on time depends upon the value of the output capacitor and the noise bypass capacitor. The turn-on time will increase with the value of either capacitor. The graphs below shows the relationship between turn-on time and load capacitance. If the value of these capacitors is reduced, the load and line regulation will suffer and the noise voltage will increase. If the value of these capacitors is increased, the turn-on time will increase.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE RESPONSE (OFFON) ILOAD = 10 mA, CN = 1000 pF OUTPUT VOLTAGE RESPONSE (OFFON) CL = 2.2 F
LOAD CURRENT STEP RESPONSE ILOAD = 5 to 35 mA VOUT (200 mV/DIV) 30 to 60 mA 0 to 30 mA CL = 0.33 F ILOAD -5
VCONT
CL = 1.0 F CL = 1.5 F CL = 0.47 F 5 15 25 35 45 CN = 0.1 F ILOAD = 30 mA 0 200 400 TIME (s) 600 800
VOUT
-5
VOUT
VCONT
CL = 0.33 F
CN = 0.01 F
15
25
35
45
TIME (s)
TIME( s)
REDUCTION OF OUTPUT NOISE Although the architecture of the Toko regulators is designed to minimize semiconductor noise, further reduction can be achieved by the selection of external components. The obvious solution is to increase the size of the output capacitor. A more effective solution would be to add a capacitor to the noise bypass terminal. The value of this capacitor should be 0.1 f or higher (higher values provide greater noise reduction). Although stable operation is possible without the noise bypass capacitor, this terminal has a high impedance and care should be taken to avoid a large circuit area on the printed circuit board when the capacitor is not used. Please note that several parameters are affected by the value of the capacitors and bench testing is recommended when deviating from standard values.
Page 11
TK113xx B
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS (CONT.)
PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION (PD) This is the power dissipation level at which the thermal sensor is activated. The IC contains an internal thermal sensor which monitors the junction temperature. When the junction temperature exceeds the monitor threshold of 150 C, the IC is shut down. The junction temperature rises as the difference between the input power (VIN x IIN) and the output power (VOUT x IOUT) increases. The rate of temperature rise is greatly affected by the mounting pad configuration on the PCB, the board material, and the ambient temperature. When the IC mounting has good thermal conductivity, the junction temperature will be low even if the power dissipation is great. When mounted on the recommended mounting pad, the power dissipation of the SOT-23L is increased to 600 mW. For operation at ambient temperatures over 25 C, the power dissipation of the SOT-23L device should be derated at 4.8 mW/C. The power dissipation of the SOT-89 package is 900 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate the power dissipation at 7.2 mW/C for operation above 25 C. To determine the power dissipation for shutdown when mounted, attach the device on the actual PCB and deliberately increase the output current (or raise the input voltage) until the thermal protection circuit is activated. Calculate the power dissipation of the device by subtracting the output power from the input power. These measurements should allow for the ambient temperature of the PCB. The value obtained from PD /(150 C - TA) is the derating factor. The PCB mounting pad should provide maximum thermal conductivity in order to maintain low device temperatures. As a general rule, the lower the temperature, the better the reliability of the device. The thermal resistance when mounted is expressed as follows: the output side is shorted. Input current gradually falls as temperature rises. You should use the value when thermal equilibrium is reached. The range of usable currents can also be found from the graph below.
(mW) PD 3
DPD
6 4 5
25
50
75 TA (C)
150
Procedure: 1) 2) 3) 4) Find PD PD1 is taken to be PD x (~ 0.8 - 0.9) Plot PD1 against 25 C Connect PD1 to the point corresponding to the 150 C with a straight line. 5) In design, take a vertical line from the maximum operating temperature (e.g., 75 C) to the derating curve. 6) Read off the value of PD against the point at which the vertical line intersects the derating curve. This is taken as the maximum power dissipation, DPD. The maximum operating current is: IOUT = (DPD / (VIN(MAX) - VOUT)
Tj = 0jA x PD + TA For Toko ICs, the internal limit for junction temperature is 150 C. If the ambient temperature (TA) is 25 C, then: 150 C = 0jA x PD + 25 C 0jA x PD = 125 C 0jA = 125 C/ PD
PD is the value when the thermal sensor is activated. A simple way to determine PD is to calculate VIN x IIN when Page 12 January 1999 TOKO, Inc.
TK113xxB
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS (CONT.)
750 600 MOUNTED AS SHOWN
1000 800
PD (mW)
PD (mW)
VIN
VOUT
VOUT
VIN
GND VCONT
VCONT
APPLICATION NOTE
Copper pattern should be as large as possible. Power dissipation is 600 mW for SOT-23L and 900 mV for SOT-89. A low Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) capacitor is recommended. For low temperature operation, select a capacitor with a low ESR at the lowest operating temperature to prevent oscillation, degradation of ripple rejection and increase in noise. The minimum recommended capacitance is 2.2 F.
Page 13
TK113xx B
APPLICATION INFORMATION
INPUT-OUTPUT CAPACITORS Linear regulators require an output capacitor in order to maintain regulator loop stability. This capacitor should be selected to ensure stable operation over the desired temperature and load range. The graphs below show the effects of capacitance value and ESR on the stable operation area. VOUT =
113xxB
CL ESR 2.0 V 3.0 V 5.0 V
CL = 1 F
1000 1000
CL = 2.2 F
1000
CL = 3.3 F
1000
CL = 10 F
100
100
100
100
ESR ()
ESR ()
ESR ()
10
ESR ()
10
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
In general, the capacitor should be at least 1 F (aluminum electrolytic) and be rated for the actual ambient operating temperature range. The table below shows typical characteristics for several types and values of capacitance. Please note that the ESR varies widely depending upon manufacturer, type, size, and material.
Page 14
TK113xxB
PACKAGE OUTLINE
+0.15 - 0.05
SOT-23L (SOT-23L-6)
0.4 6 5 4
0.1
0.6
Marking Information
Product Code Q Voltage Code
e1 3.0
1.0
Marking
Product Code
Voltage Code
1 e
2 e 0.95
3 0.32 5 PL 0.95
+0.15 - 0.05
0.1
e 0.95
e 0.95
3.5
+0.3 - 0.1
(3.4)
2.2 0.3
0 - 0.1
0.4
+ 0.3
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
3.3
4.5
0.44 max
4.5
Product Code
1 0.49 max
1.5
1.5
1.0
0.44 max
TK11320B TK11321B TK11322B TK11323B TK11324B TK11325B TK11326B TK11326B TK11327B TK11328B TK11329B TK11330B TK11331B TK11332B TK11333B TK11334B TK11335B TK11336B TK11337B TK11338B TK11339B TK11340B TK11341B TK11342B TK11343B TK11344B TK11345B TK11346B TK11347B TK11348B TK11349B TK11350B TK11355B TK11360B TK11380B
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 55 60 80
1.4 max
0.4
2.5
1.0
0.15
+0.15 - 0.05
15 max
1.2
1.5
Recommended Mount Pad Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
1.5
0.7
45
0.8
0.7
Page 15
Printed in the USA
TK116xxU
THREE-TERMINAL VOLTAGE REGULATOR FEATURES
s s s s s s s Low Dropout Voltage Very Low Standby Current (No Load) Good Load Regulation Internal Thermal Shutdown Short Circuit Protection 3% Output Voltage Accuracy Customized Versions Are Available
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s s Battery Powered Systems Portable Consumer Equipment Cordless Telephones Personal Communications Equipment Portable Instrumentation Radio Control Systems Toys Low Voltage Systems
DESCRIPTION
The TK116xxU series devices are low dropout, linear 3terminal regulators. An internal PNP pass-transistor is used in order to achieve low dropout voltage (typically 160 mV at 80 mA load current). The regulated output voltages of 3, 3.3, 5 and 9 V are available. The device has very low (400 A) quiescent current with no load and 2 mA with 60 mA load. An internal thermal shutdown circuit limits the junction temperature to below 150 C. The load current is internally monitored and the device will shut down in the presence of a short circuit at the output. The TK116xxU is available in the SOT-89 surface mount package. BLOCK DIAGRAM TK116xxU
VOUT
ORDERING INFORMATION
VIN
VOUT
TK116
Voltage Code
U
Tape/Reel Code
THERMAL PROTECTION
VOLTAGE CODE
30 = 3.0 V 33 = 3.3 V 50 = 5.0 V 90 = 9.0 V
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left
BANDGAP REFERENCE
GND
Page 1
TK116xxU
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 18 V Operating Voltage Range ............................... 2.5 to 16 V Load Current ....................................................... 250 mA Power Dissipation (Note 1) .............................. 1000 mW Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temp. Range (Standard) ............-30 to +80 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C
Note 1: Power dissipation is 600 mW in free air. Derate at 4.8 mW/C for operation above 25C. Power dissipation is 1 W when mounted as recommended. Derate at 8 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Note 2: IOUT (Load Current) is current when VOUT drops down 0.4 V from VOUT at IOUT = 10 mA. Note 3: Refer to Definition of Terms.
Page 2
TK116xxU
TK11633U ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SYMBOL IQ VOUT VDROP IOUT IOR IGND Line Reg PARAMETER Quiescent Current Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Recommended Output Current Ground Current (Note 2) Line Regulation
Note 1: IOUT (Load Current) is current when VOUT drops down 0.4 V from VOUT at IOUT = 10 mA. Note 2: Refer to Definition of Terms.
Page 3
TK116xxU
TK11650U ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test Conditions: TA = 25C, VIN = 6.0 V, unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL IQ VOUT VDROP IOUT IOR IGND Line Reg PARAMETER Quiescent Current Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Recommended Output Current Ground Current (Note 2) Line Regulation TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 6.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 4.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 6.0 V, IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 30 mA IOUT = 100 mA VIN = 6.0 V, (Note 1) VIN = 6.0 V VIN = 6.0 V, IOUT = 60 mA VIN = 6.0 to 11.0 V VIN = 6.0 V, IOUT = 0 to 30 mA Load Reg Load Regulation VIN = 6.0 V, IOUT = 0 to 100 mA VIN = 6.0 V, IOUT = 0 to 150 mA RR VOUT /T Ripple Rejection Temperature Coefficient VIN = 6.5 V, IOUT = 10 mA, f = 400 Hz, 100 mVrms VIN = 6.5 V, IOUT = 10 mA, -30 C TA +80 C 2.0 2.0 15 40 120 55 0.35 4.85 MIN TYP 400 0.8 5.00 80 170 190 150 4.5 30 60 140 220 MAX 800 2.0 5.15 150 330 UNITS A mA V mA mV mA mA mA mV mV mV mV dB mV/ C
Note 1: IOUT (Load Current) is current when VOUT drops down 0.4 V from VOUT at IOUT = 10 mA. Note 2: Refer to Definition of Terms.
Page 4
TK116xxU
TK11690U ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test Conditions: TA = 25C, VIN = 10.0 V, unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER Quiescent Current Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Recommended Output Current Ground Current (Note 2) Line Regulation
TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 10.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 8.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 10.0 V, IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 30 mA IOUT = 100 mA VIN = 10.0 V, (Note 1) VIN = 10.0 V VIN = 10.0 V, IOUT = 60 mA VIN = 10.0 to 15.0 V VIN = 10.0 V, IOUT = 0 to 30 mA
MIN
UNITS A mA V mA mV mA
8.73
mA mA mV mV mV mV dB mV/ C
Load Reg
Load Regulation
RR VOUT /T
VIN = 10.5 V, IOUT = 10 mA, f = 400 Hz, 100 mVrms VIN = 10.5 V, IOUT = 10 mA, -30 C TA +80 C
Note 1: IOUT (Load Current) is current when VOUT drops down 0.4 V from VOUT at IOUT = 10 mA. Note 2: Refer to Definition of Terms.
Page 5
TK116xxU
TEST CIRCUIT
CL = 0.33 F
CN = 0.01 F
CL = 1.0 F CL = 1.5 F CL = 0.47 F 5 15 25 35 45 CN = 0.1 F ILOAD = 30 mA 0 200 400 TIME (s) 600 800
VOUT
-5
VOUT
-5
15
25
35
45
TIME (s)
TIME( s)
VOUT (5 mV/DIV)
VOUT (V)
3 2 1 0
50 IOUT (mA)
100
300
VCONT (V)
Page 6
TK116xxU
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
500 400
TK11650
IOUT (mA)
VDROP (mV)
200 TK11630
50
100
11630
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 3.1
IGND (mA)
VOUT (V)
3.0
VOUT (V)
0 50 IOUT (mA) 100
3.0
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
VOUT (V)
3.0
0 0 10 VIN (V) 20
2.9 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 7
TK116xxU
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. 11633
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 3.4
10 GROUND CURRENT VS. OUTPUT CURRENT
IGND (mA)
VOUT (V)
3.3
VOUT (V)
0 50 IOUT (mA)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE (2)
3.3
100
100
3.2
10 VIN (V)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. TEMPERATURE
20
IOUT = 0 mA IOUT = 30 mA
3.4
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
VOUT (V)
3.3
0 0 10 VIN (V) 20
2.3 2.8
3.8
3.2 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
11650
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 5.1 10 5.1 GROUND CURRENT VS. OUTPUT CURRENT OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE (1)
IGND (mA)
VOUT (V)
5.0
VOUT (V)
5.0
4.9 0 50 IOUT (mA) 100 0 4.9 0 50 IOUT (mA) 100 0 10 VIN (V) 20
Page 8
TK116xxU
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. 11650 (CONT.)
QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 2 5.0 OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE (2) IOUT = 0 mA IOUT = 30 mA IOUT = 60 mA 4.5 IOUT = 90 mA 5.1 OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. TEMPERATURE
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
5.0
0 0 10 VIN (V) 20
4.0 4.5
4.9 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
11690
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 9.1
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE (1) 9.1
10
IGND (mA)
VOUT (V)
9.0
VOUT (V)
9.0
50 IOUT (mA)
100
8.9
10 VIN (V)
20
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE (2) 9.0 IOUT = 0 mA IOUT = 30 mA IOUT = 60 mA 8.5 IOUT = 90 mA 9.1
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
9.5
IQ (mA)
9.0
0 0 10 VIN (V) 20
8.0 8.5
8.9 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 9
TK116xxU
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS
LINE REGULATION (Line Reg) Line regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the input voltage changes. The line regulation is specified as the input voltage is changed from VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1 V to VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 6 V. LOAD REGULATION (Load Reg) Load regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the load current changes. It is a pulsed measurement to minimize temperature effects with the input voltage set to VIN = VOUT(TYP) +1 V. The load regulation is specified under three output current step conditions of 0 mA to 30 mA, 0 mA to 100 mA and 0 mA to 150 mA. DROPOUT VOLTAGE (VDROP) This is a measure of how well the regulator performs as the input voltage decreases. The smaller the number, the further the input voltage can decrease before regulation problems occur. Nominal output voltage is first measured when VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1 V at a chosen load current. When the output voltage has dropped 100 mV from the nominal, VIN - VOUT is the dropout voltage. This voltage is affected by load current and junction temperature. GROUND CURRENT (IGND) Ground current is the current which flows through the ground pin(s). It is defined as IIN - IOUT, excluding control current. OUTPUT NOISE VOLTAGE This is the effective AC voltage that occurs on the output voltage under the condition where the input noise is low and with a given load, filter capacitor, and frequency range. THERMAL PROTECTION This is an internal feature which turns the regulator off when the junction temperature rises above 150 C. After the regulator turns off, the temperature drops and the regulator output turns back on. Under certain conditions, the output waveform may appear to be an oscillation as the output turns off and on and back again in succession. PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION (PD) This is the power dissipation level at which the thermal sensor is activated. The IC contains an internal thermal sensor which monitors the junction temperature. When the junction temperature exceeds the monitor threshold of 150 C, the IC is shut down. The junction temperature rises as the difference between the input power (VIN x IIN) and the output power (VOUT x IOUT) increases. The rate of temperature is greatly affected by the mounting pad configuration on the PCB, the board material and the ambient temperature. When the IC mounting has good thermal conductivity, the junction temperature will be low, even if the power dissipation is great. When the radiation of heat is good, the device temperature will be low, even if the power loss is great. When mounted on the recommended mounting pad, the power dissipation of the SOT-89 package is 1000 mW. Derate the power dissipation at 8 mW/C for operation above 25 C. To determine the power dissipation for shutdown when mounted, attach the device on the actual PCB and deliberately increase the output current (or raise the input voltage) until the thermal protection circuit is activated. Calculate the power dissipation of the device by subtracting the output power from the input power. The measurements should allow for the ambient temperature of the PCB. The value obtained from PD /(150 C - TA) is the derating factor. The PCB mounting pad should provide maximum thermal conductivity in order to maintain low device temperatures. As a general rule, the lower the temperature, the better the reliability of the device. The thermal resistance when mounted is expressed as follows: Tj = jA x PD + TA
For Toko ICs, the internal limit for junction temperature is 150 C. If the ambient temperature (TA) is 25 C, then: 150 C = jA x PD + 25 C jA = 125 C/PD PD is the value when the thermal sensor is activated. A simple way to determine PD is to calculate VIN x IIN when the output side is shorted. Input current gradually falls as temperature rises. You should use the value when the December 1998 TOKO, Inc.
Page 10
TK116xxU
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS (CONT.)
thermal equilibrium is reached. The range of usable currents can also be found from the graph below:
(mW) PD 3
Dpd
6 4 5
25
50
75 TA (C)
150
Procedure: 1) Find PD 2) PD1 is taken to be PD x (~ 0.8 - 0.9) 3) Plot PD1 against 25 C. 4) Connect PD1 to the point corresponding to the 150 C with a straight line. 5) In design, take a vertical line from the maximum operating temperature (e.g., 75 C.) to the derating curve. 6) Read off the value of PD against the point at which the The maximum operating current is: IOUT = (DPD / (VIN(MAX) - VOUT)
MOUNTED AS SHOWN
FREE AIR
50 TA (C)
100
150
TK116xxU
APPLICATION INFORMATION
INPUT/OUTPUT DECOUPLING CONSIDERATIONS CAPACITOR BOARD LAYOUT Copper pattern should be as large as possible. Power dissipation is 1000 mW for SOT-89. A low ESR capacitor is recommended. For low temperature operation, select a capacitor with a low ESR at the lowest operating temperature to prevent oscillation, degradation of ripple rejection and increase in noise. The minimum recommended capacitance is 2.2 F.
Voltage regulators require input and output decoupling capacitors. The required value of these capacitors vary with application. Capacitors made by different manufacturers can have different characteristics, particularly with regard to high frequencies and Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) over temperature. The type of capacitor is also important. For example, a 4.7 F aluminum electrolytic may be required for a certain application. If a tantalum capacitor is used, a lower value of 2.2 F would be adequate. It is important to consider the temperature characteristics of the decoupling capacitors. While Toko regulators are designed to operate as low as -30 C, many capacitors will not operate properly at this temperature. The capacitance of aluminum electrolytic capacitors may decrease to 0 at low temperatures. This may cause oscillation on the output of the regulator since some capacitance is required to guarantee stability. Thus, it is important to consider the characteristics of the capacitor over temperature when selection decoupling capacitors. The ESR is another important parameter. The ESR will increase with temperature but low ESR capacitors are often larger and more costly. In general, tantalum capacitors offer lower ESR than aluminum electrolytic, but new low ESR aluminum electrolytic capacitors are now available from several manufacturers. Usually a bench test is sufficient to determine the minimum capacitance required for a particular application. After taking thermal characteristics and tolerance into account, the minimum capacitance value should be approximately two times this value. Please note that linear regulators with a low dropout voltage have high internal loop gains which require care in guarding against oscillation caused by insufficient decoupling capacitance. The use of high quality decoupling capacitors suited for your application will guarantee proper operation of the circuit.
VIN
VOUT
GND
Page 12
TK116xxU
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
VOLTAGE REGULATOR CIRCUIT VOLTAGE BOOST CIRCUIT
VO = VOUT + IQ X R
VIN
IIN VIN + + CIN 0.1 F + CL 10 F IOUT VOUT
IN +
OUT
VO
VOUT 1 F + 4.7 F
IQ
GND
IOUT =
VOUT R
+ IQ
100
R VIN + 1 F VOUT IN OUT + 4.7 F
IOUT OUT
IN
OUT
IQ
+ 10 F
+ 4.7 F
GND
GND
APPLICATION NOTES
Maximize copper foil area connecting to all IC pins for optimum heat conduction. Place input and output bypass capacitors close to the GND pin. For best transient behavior and lowest output impedance, use as large a capacitor value as possible. The temperature coefficient of the capacitance and Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) should be taken into account. These parameters can influence power supply noise and ripple rejection. In extreme cases, oscillation may occur. In order to maintain stability, the output bypass capacitor value should be minimum 1 F for tantalum electrolytic or 4.7 F for aluminum electrolytic at TA = 25 C.
Page 13
TK116xxU
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
Product Code
0.44 max 4.5
+ 0.1
SOT-89 (SOT-89-3)
1.8 max
Voltage Code 30 33 50 90
Marking
+ 0.1
0.8 max
2.5
Product Code
4.25 max
0.44 max
1 0.48 max
e'
3.0 45
+ 0.1
1.0 e 1.5
1.0 e 1.5
1.0
1.5
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 14
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-115-TK116U 0798O0.0K
1.5
0.7
3.0
e 1.5
1.5
TK11900
ADJUSTABLE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR FEATURES
s s s s s s s Low Supply Current Low Power Shutdown Mode Low Noise Output Low Dropout Voltage Extremely High Stability High Speed On/Off Transient (50 s typ.) Miniature Package (SOT-23L)
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s Portable Instrumentation Cordless Telephones Pagers Toys Cellular Telephones Test Equipment
DESCRIPTION
The TK11900 is a low dropout voltage regulator with external voltage adjustment. The output can be set between 1.5 V and 15 V by an external pair of resistors in a divider configuration. The device has a bypass pin for an external capacitor to reduce output noise to a typical 50 V(rms). In addition, a control pin is provided that is active low (a low level turns on the output). In the off mode (control pin high) the device draws only 65 A of quiescent current. The TK11900 is available in a miniature SOT-23L surface mount package. TK11900
NOISE BYPASS
01 S
VIN GND
CONTROL
FEEDBACK
VOUT
ORDERING INFORMATION
TK11900M
Tape/Reel Code Temperature Code
VIN
BLOCK DIAGRAM
VOUT
CONTROL
SHUT DOWN
THERMAL PROTECTION
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left
BANDGAP REFERENCE FEEDBACK
NOISE BYPASS
GND
Page 1
TK11900
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 17 V Operating Voltage Range ............................... 1.8 to 16 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 400 mW Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ...................-30 to +80 C Extended Temperature Range ................... -40 to +85 C Junction Temperature .......................................... 150 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ..................... 235 C
Load Reg Load Regulation VOUT /T RR VNO Vref Temperature Coefficient Ripple Rejection Output Noise Voltage
Reference Voltage
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) TR Control Terminal Current Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) Output Rise Time (OFF to ON) VCONT = 5 V VCONT = 16 V Output ON Output OFF IOUT = 30 mA, CL = 0.1 F, CN = 0.1 F 2.2 50 25 45 100 150 0.6 A A V V s
Note 1: Power dissipation is 400 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 3.2 mW/C for operation above 25C. Note 2: The output voltage can be set from 1.5 to 15 V by two external resistors. Refer to Definition of Terms.
Page 2
TK11900
TK11900MI ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test conditions: VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1 V, TA = -40 to 85 C, unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL IQ ISTBY VOUT VDROP IOUT Line Reg PARAMETER Quiescent Current Standby Current Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Line Regulation VOUT(TYP) + 1 V VIN VOUT(TYP) + 10 V 1 mA IOUT 80 mA 5 20 0.05 CL = 10 F, f = 400 Hz 10 Hz f 100 kHz, CL = 10 F, CN = 0.01 F TA = 25 C TA = -40 to 85 C 1.225 1.200 68 50 1.250 1.250 1.275 1.300 TEST CONDITIONS VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = VOUT(TYP) - 1 V, IOUT = 0 mA Output OFF TA = 25 C, (Note 1) IOUT = 30 mA 1. 5 16 0 MIN TYP 140 380 65 MAX 350 950 170 15 350 100 50 100 UNITS A A A V mV mA mV mV mV/ C dB Vrms V V
Load Reg Load Regulation Vref /T RR VNO Vref Temperature Coefficient Ripple Rejection Output Noise Voltage
Reference Voltage
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) TR Control Terminal Current Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) Output Rise Time (OFF to ON) VCONT = 5 V VCONT = 16 V Output ON Output OFF IOUT = 30 mA, CL = 0.1 F, CN = 0.1 F 2.2 50 25 45 100 150 0.6 A A V V s
Note 1: The output voltage can be set from 1.5 to 15 V by two external resistors. Refer to Definition of Terms.
Page 3
TK11900
TEST CIRCUIT
IIN VOUT VIN + 1 F + CL 10 F IOUT
R1
NOISE BYPASS
VCONT
R2
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
5.0
250
4.9 0 50 IOUT (mA) OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 5.5 100
0 0 10 VIN (V) 20
1.28 1.27 1.26 1.25 30 mA 60 mA 4.5 4.5 5.0 VIN (V) 5.5 1.24 1.23 -50 0 0 TA (C) 50 100 0 50 IOUT (mA) 100
IGND (mA) Vref (V)
VOUT (V)
IOUT = 0 mA 5.0
Page 4
TK11900
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
VOUT = 5 V, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
NOISE VS. BYPASS CAPACITOR VALUE 300 200
NOISE (V)
DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 500 400 VDROP (mV) 300 200 100 0 0
INPUT CURRENT AND CONTROL CURRENT VS. CONTROL VOLTAGE 200 100
IIN
ICONT (A) IIN (A)
150 100 50 0 1 pF
100
SHUTDOWN POINT
50
100
5 4
VOUT (V)
VIN
3 2
RR (dB)
CL = 0.1 F -50 CL = 10 F
100
1k f (Hz)
10 k
100 k
VIN
NOISE (dB)
IOUT
50 mA
0 mA VOUT
CL = 3.3 F CN = 0.1 F -150 0 500 k f (Hz) 1M TIME (50 s/DIV) TIME (50 s/DIV)
VOUT
Page 5
TK11900
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
VOUT = 5 V, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
GROUND CURRENT (ON MODE) VS. TEMPERATURE 10
1 F
IGND (mA) ISTBY (A)
VCONT
2.4 V
VOUT (1 V / DIV)
0V CL = .1 F 10 F
IOUT = 60 mA IOUT = 30 mA
50
VOUT
15 F 4.7 F
0 -50
TIME (50 s/DIV)
0 TA (C)
50
100
0 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
CONTROL VOLTAGE (OFF POINT) VS. TEMPERATURE 2.0 500 400 300 200 100 0 -50 0 -50
VDROP (mV)
ICONT (A)
VCONT (V)
30 20 10 0 -50
VCONT = 5 V
IOUT = 60 mA
1.0
VCONT = 2.5 V
IOUT = 30 mA
0 TA (C)
50
100
0 TA (C)
50
100
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 6
TK11900
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS
QUIESCENT CURRENT (IQ) The quiescent current is the current which flows through the ground terminal under no load (IOUT = 0 mA). GROUND CURRENT (IGND) Ground current is the current which flows through the current pin(s). It is defined as IIN - IOUT, excluding control current. LINE REGULATION (LINE REG) Line regulation is the relationship between change in output voltage due to a change in input voltage. LOAD REGULATION (LOAD REG) Load regulation is the relationship between change in output voltage due to a change in load current. DROP OUT VOLTAGE (VDROP) This is a measure of how well the regulator performs as the input voltage decreases. The smaller the number, the further the input voltage can decrease before regulation problems occur. Nominal output voltage is first measured when VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1 at a chosen load current. When the output voltage has dropped 100 mV from the nominal, VIN - VOUT is the dropout voltage. This voltage is affected by load current and junction temperature. OUTPUT NOISE VOLTAGE Tj = 0jA x PD + TA This is the effective AC voltage that occurs on the output voltage under the condition where the input noise is low and with a given load, filter capacitor, and frequency range. THERMAL PROTECTION This is an internal feature which turns the regulator off when the junction temperature rises above 150 C. After the regulator turns off, the temperature drops and the regulator output turns back on. Under certain conditions, the output waveform may appear to be an oscillation as the output turns off and on and back again in succession. For Toko ICs, the internal limit for junction temperature is 150 C. If the ambient temperature (TA) is 25 C, then: 150 C = 0jA x PD + 25 C 0jA = 125 C / PD PD is the value when the thermal sensor is activated. A simple way to determine PD is to calculate VIN x IIN when the output side is shorted. Input current gradually falls as temperature rises. You should use the value when thermal equilibrium is reached. PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION (PD) This is the power dissipation level at which the thermal sensor is activated. The IC contains an internal thermal sensor which monitors the junction temperature. When the junction temperature exceeds the monitor threshold of 150 C, the IC is shut down. The junction temperature rises as the difference between the input power (VIN x IIN) and the output power (VOUT x IOUT) increases. The rate of temperature rise is greatly affected by the mounting pad configuration on the PCB, the board material, and the ambient temperature. When the IC mounting has good thermal conductivity, the junction temperature will be low even if the power dissipation is great. When mounted on the recommended mounting pad, the power dissipation of the SOT-23L is increased to 400 mW. For operation at ambient temperatures over 25 C, the power dissipation of the SOT-23L device should be derated at 3.2 mW/C. To determine the power dissipation for shutdown when mounted, attach the device on the actual PCB and deliberately increase the output current (or raise the input voltage) until the thermal protection circuit is activated. Calculate the power dissipation of the device by subtracting the output power from the input power. These measurements should allow for the ambient temperature of the PCB. The value obtained from PD /(150 C - TA) is the derating factor. The PCB mounting pad should provide maximum thermal conductivity in order to maintain low device temperatures. As a general rule, the lower the temperature, the better the reliability of the device. The thermal resistance when mounted is expressed as follows:
Page 7
TK11900
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS (CONT.)
The range of usable currents can also be found from the graph below.
(mW) PD 3
DPD
6 4 5
25
50
75 TA (C)
150
Procedure: 1) 2) 3) 4) Find PD PD1 is taken to be PD x (~ 0.8 - 0.9) Plot PD1 against 25 C Connect PD1 to the point corresponding to the 150 C with a straight line. 5) In design, take a vertical line from the maximum operating temperature (e.g., 75 C) to the derating curve. 6) Read off the value of PD against the point at which the vertical line intersects the derating curve. This is taken as the maximum power dissipation, DPD. The maximum operating current is: IOUT = (DPD / (VIN(MAX) - VOUT)
500 400
PD (mW)
MOUNTED
FREE AIR
100
150
TK11900
APPLICATION INFORMATION
BOARD LAYOUT Copper pattern should be as large as possible. Power dissipation is 400 mW for the SOT-23L package. A low Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) capacitor is recommended. For low temperature operation, select a capacitor with a low ESR at the lowest operating temperature to prevent oscillation, degradation of ripple rejection and increase in noise. The minimum recommended capacitance is 2.2 F. characteristics of the capacitor over temperature when selecting decoupling capacitors. The ESR is another important parameter. The ESR will increase with temperature but low ESR capacitors are often larger and more costly. In general, tantalum capacitors offer lower ESR than aluminum electrolytic, but new low ESR aluminum electrolytic capacitors are now available from several manufacturers. Usually a bench test is sufficient to determine the minimum capacitance required for a particular application. After taking thermal characteristics and tolerance into account, the minimum capacitance value should capacitor or 3.3 F for an aluminum electrolytic. Please note that linear regulators with a low dropout voltage have high internal loop gains which require care in guarding against oscillation caused by insufficient decoupling capacitance. The use of high quality decoupling capacitors suited for your application will guarantee proper operation of the circuit. NOISE BYPASS CAPACITOR SECTION
FEEDBACK CONTROL
VIN
GND
VOUT
NOISE BYPASS
GND
The noise bypass capacitor (CN) should be connected as close as possible to pin 1 and ground. The recommended value for CN is 0.01 F. The noise bypass terminal has a high impedance and care should be taken if the noise bypass capacitor is not used. This terminal is susceptible to external noise, and oscillation can occur when CN is not used and the solder pad for this pin is too large. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SETTING The output voltage can be set from 1.5 to 15 V by two external resistors according to the following equation: VOUT = 1.25 V x [(R1 + R2) / R2]
CAPACITOR
Voltage regulators require input and output decoupling capacitors. The required values of these capacitors vary with application. Capacitors made by different manufacturers can have different characteristics, particularly with regard to high frequencies and ESR over temperature. The type of capacitor is also important. For example, a 4.7 F aluminum electrolytic may be required for a certain application. If a tantalum capacitor is used, a lower value of 2.2 F would be adequate. It is important to consider the temperature characteristics of the decoupling capacitors. While Toko regulators are designed to operate as low as -30 C, many capacitors will not operate properly at this temperature. The capacitance of aluminum electrolytic capacitors may decrease to 0 at low temperatures. This may cause oscillation on the output of the regulator since some capacitance is required to guarantee stability. Thus, it is important to consider the January 1999 TOKO, Inc.
VOUT
R1
FEEDBACK R2
where 10 k R2 60 k Page 9
TK11900
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
CURRENT BOOST
VIN + 1 F RE CL 10 F
VOUT
R1
The output current can be increased by connecting an external NPN transistor as shown above. The output current capability depends on the Hfe of the external transistor. Note: The TK11900 internal short circuit protection and the thermal sensor do not protect the external transistor.
Page 10
TK11900
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
Marking G0
SOT-23L (SOT-23L-6)
TK11900
0.6 6 5 4 Marking
1.0
1 e
2 e 0.95
3 0.32 0.95
+0.15 - 0.05
0.1
e 0.95
e 0.95
3.5
+0.3 - 0.1
2.2 0.3
(3.4)
1.4 max
e1 3.0 1.2
+0.15 - 0.05
15 0 - 0.1 0.4
+ 0.3
0.1
0.15
3.3
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
max
Page 11
Printed in the USA
TK119xx
VOLTAGE REGULATOR WITH RESET OUTPUT FEATURES
s s s s s s s s s Very Low Dropout Voltage Reset Output for Microprocessor Very Low Quiescent Current (No Load) Internal Thermal/Overload Shutdown Low Noise Voltage Input and Output Voltage Sense 2.5 % Output Voltage Accuracy CMOS or TTL On/Off Control High Speed On/Off Transient (50 s typ.)
FEATURES
s s s s s s s s s Battery Powered Systems Cellular Telephones Pagers Personal Communications Equipment Portable Instrumentation Portable Consumer Equipment Radio Control Systems Toys Low Voltage Systems
DESCRIPTION
The TK119xx series are low power, linear regulators with built-in electronic switches. Built-in voltage comparators provide a reset logic low level whenever the input or output voltage falls outside internally preset limits. The internal electronic switch can be controlled by CMOS or TLL levels. The device is in the off state when the control pin is biased high. An internal PNP pass-transistor is used in order to achieve low dropout voltage (typically 200 mV at 50 mA load current). The device has very low quiescent current (130 A) in the on mode with no load and 2 mA with 30 mA load. The quiescent current is typically 4 mA at 60 mA load. The current consumption in the off mode is 65 A. An internal thermal shutdown circuit limits the junction temperature to below 150 oC. The load current is internally monitored and the device will shut down (no load current) in the presence of a short circuit at the output. The output noise is very low at 100 dB down from VOUT when an external noise bypass capacitor is used. The TK119xx is available in a miniature SOT-23L surface mount package.
VIN
TK119xx
NOISE BYPASS
01 S
VIN GND
VOUT
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ORDERING INFORMATION
CONTROL
SHUT DOWN
THERMAL PROTECTION
ERROR DETECTION
TK119
M
Tape/Reel Code Voltage Code
BANDGAP REFERENCE
VOLTAGE CODE
22 = 2.25 V 27 = 2.75 V 30 = 3.00 V 32 = 3.25 V 35 = 2.5 V 40 = 4.0 V 48 = 4.8 V 50 = 5.0 V
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left
NOISE BYPASS GND
Page 1
TK119xx
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 17 V Operating Voltage Range ............................... 1.8 to 16 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 400 mW Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ...................-30 to +80 C Junction Temperature .......................................... 150 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ..................... 235 C
Load Reg Load Regulation VOUT /T RR VNO VDET VDET(ERR) VRESET Temperature Coefficient Ripple Rejection Output Noise Voltage Low Voltage Detector Threshold Voltage Detector Threshold Tolerance Saturation Voltage
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) TR Control Terminal Current Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) Output Rise Time (OFF to ON) VCONT = 5 V VCONT = 16 V Output ON Output OFF IOUT = 30 mA, CL = 0.1 F, CN = 0.1 F 2.2 50 25 45 100 150 0.6 A A V V s
Note 1: Power dissipation is 400 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 3.2 mW/C for operation above 25C.
Page 2
TK119xx
TK11927 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test conditions: VIN = 3.75 V, CL = 10 F, CN = 0.01 F, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL IQ IGND ISTBY VOUT VDROP IOUT Line Reg PARAMETER Quiescent Current Ground Current Standby Current Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Line Regulation VIN = 3.75 to 12.75 V IOUT = 1 to 80 mA 5 20 0.2 f = 400 Hz, CL = 10 F 10 Hz f 100 kHz, CL = 10 F, CN= 0.01 F 68 50 VOUT x 0.95 -4 IFLAG = 100 A VDET 0.2 +4 0.4 TEST CONDITIONS IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 1.75 V, IOUT = 0 mA IOUT = 60 mA Output OFF IOUT = 1 mA, TA = 25 C IOUT = 1 mA, -30 TA 80 C IOUT = 30 mA 2.67 2.63 MIN TYP 140 380 2.5 95 2.75 2.75 160 MAX 300 900 10 160 2.83 2.87 350 100 50 100 UNITS A A mA A V V mV mA mV mV mV/ C dB Vrms V % V
Load Reg Load Regulation VOUT /T RR VNO VDET VDET(ERR) VRESET Temperature Coefficient Ripple Rejection Output Noise Voltage Low Voltage Detector Threshold Voltage Detector Threshold Tolerance Saturation Voltage
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) TR Control Terminal Current Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) Output Rise Time (OFF to ON) VCONT = 5 V VCONT = 16 V Output ON Output OFF IOUT = 30 mA, CL = 0.1 F, CN = 0.1 F 2.4 50 25 45 100 150 0.6 A A V V s
Page 3
TK119xx
TK11930 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test conditions: VIN = 4.0 V, CL = 10 F, CN = 0.01 F, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL IQ IGND ISTBY VOUT VDROP IOUT Line Reg PARAMETER Quiescent Current Ground Current Standby Current Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Line Regulation VIN = 4.0 to 13.0 V IOUT = 1 to 80 mA 5 20 0.2 f = 400 Hz, CL = 10 F 10 Hz f 100 kHz, CL = 10 F, CN = 0.01 F 68 50 VOUT x 0.95 -4 IFLAG = 100 A VDET 0.2 +4 0.4 TEST CONDITIONS IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 2.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA IOUT = 60 mA Output OFF IOUT = 1 mA, TA = 25 C IOUT = 1 mA, -30 TA 80 C IOUT = 30 mA 2.92 2.88 MIN TYP 140 380 2.5 95 3.0 3.0 160 MAX 300 900 10 160 3.08 3.12 350 100 50 100 UNITS A A mA A V V mV mA mV mV mV/ C dB Vrms V % V
Load Reg Load Regulation VOUT /T RR VNO VDET VDET(ERR) VRESET Temperature Coefficient Ripple Rejection Output Noise Voltage Low Voltage Detector Threshold Voltage Detector Threshold Tolerance Saturation Voltage
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) TR Control Terminal Current Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) Output Rise Time (OFF to ON) VCONT = 5 V VCONT = 16 V Output ON Output OFF IOUT = 30 mA, CL = 0.1 F, CN = 0.1 F 2.4 50 25 45 100 150 0.6 A A V V s
Page 4
TK119xx
TK11932 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test conditions: VIN = 4.25 V, CL = 10 F, CN = 0.01 F, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL IQ IGND ISTBY VOUT VDROP IOUT Line Reg PARAMETER Quiescent Current Ground Current Standby Current Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Line Regulation VIN = 4.25 to 13.25 V IOUT = 1 to 80 mA 5 20 0.2 f = 400 Hz, CL = 10 F 10 Hz f 100 kHz, CL = 10 F, CN= 0.01 F 68 50 VOUT x 0.95 -4 IFLAG = 100 A VDET 0.2 +4 0.4 TEST CONDITIONS IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 2.25 V, IOUT = 0 mA IOUT = 60 mA Output OFF IOUT = 1 mA, TA = 25 C IOUT = 1 mA, -30 TA 80 C IOUT = 30 mA 3.17 3.13 MIN TYP 140 380 2.5 95 3.25 3.25 16 0 MAX 300 900 10 160 3.33 3.37 350 100 50 100 UNITS A A mA A V V mV mA mV mV mV/ C dB Vrms V % V
Load Reg Load Regulation VOUT /T RR VNO VDET VDET(ERR) VRESET Temperature Coefficient Ripple Rejection Output Noise Voltage Low Voltage Detector Threshold Voltage Detector Threshold Tolerance Saturation Voltage
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) TR Control Terminal Current Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) Output Rise Time (OFF to ON) VCONT = 5 V VCONT = 16 V Output ON Output OFF IOUT = 30 mA, CL = 0.1 F, CN = 0.1 F 2.4 50 25 45 100 150 0.6 A A V V s
Page 5
TK119xx
TK11935 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test conditions: VIN = 4.5 V, CL = 10 F, CN = 0.01 F, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL IQ IGND ISTBY VOUT VDROP IOUT Line Reg PARAMETER Quiescent Current Ground Current Standby Current Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Line Regulation VIN = 4.5 to 13.5 V IOUT = 1 to 80 mA 5 20 0.2 f = 400 Hz, CL = 10 F 10 Hz f 100 kHz, CL = 10 F, CN = 0.01 F 68 50 VOUT x 0.95 -4 IFLAG = 100 A VDET 0.2 +4 0.4 TEST CONDITIONS IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 2.5 V, IOUT = 0 mA IOUT = 60 mA Output OFF IOUT = 1 mA, TA = 25 C IOUT = 1 mA, -30 TA 80 C IOUT = 30 mA 3.41 3.37 MIN TYP 14 0 380 2.5 95 3.50 3.50 160 MAX 300 900 10 160 3.59 3.63 350 100 50 100 UNITS A A mA A V V mV mA mV mV mV/ C dB Vrms V % V
Load Reg Load Regulation VOUT /T RR VNO VDET VDET(ERR) VRESET Temperature Coefficient Ripple Rejection Output Noise Voltage Low Voltage Detector Threshold Voltage Detector Threshold Tolerance Saturation Voltage
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) TR Control Terminal Current Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) Output Rise Time (OFF to ON) VCONT = 5 V VCONT = 16 V Output ON Output OFF IOUT = 30 mA, CL = 0.1 F, CN = 0.1 F 2.4 50 25 45 100 150 0.6 A A V V s
Page 6
TK119xx
TK11940 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test conditions: VIN = 5.0 V, CL = 10 F, CN = 0.01 F, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL IQ IGND ISTBY VOUT VDROP IOUT Line Reg PARAMETER Quiescent Current Ground Current Standby Current Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Line Regulation VIN = 5.0 to 14.0 V IOUT = 1 to 80 mA 5 20 0.2 f = 400 Hz, CL = 10 F 10 Hz f 100 kHz, CL = 10 F, CN = 0.01 F 68 50 VOUT x 0.95 -4 IFLAG = 100 A VDET 0.2 +4 0.4 TEST CONDITIONS IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 3.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA IOUT = 60 mA Output OFF IOUT = 1 mA, TA = 25 C IOUT = 1 mA, -30 TA 80 C IOUT = 30 mA 3.90 3.86 MIN TYP 140 380 2.5 95 4.00 4.00 160 MAX 300 900 10 160 4.10 4.14 350 100 50 100 UNITS A A mA A V V mV mA mV mV mV/ C dB Vrms V % V
Load Reg Load Regulation VOUT /T RR VNO VDET VDET(ERR) VRESET Temperature Coefficient Ripple Rejection Output Noise Voltage Low Voltage Detector Threshold Voltage Detector Threshold Tolerance Saturation Voltage
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) TR Control Terminal Current Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) Output Rise Time (OFF to ON) VCONT = 5 V VCONT = 16 V Output ON Output OFF IOUT = 30 mA, CL = 0.1 F, CN = 0.1 F 2.4 50 25 45 100 150 0.6 A A V V s
Page 7
TK119xx
TK11948 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test conditions: VIN = 5.8 V, CL = 10 F, CN = 0.01 F, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL IQ IGND ISTBY VOUT VDROP IOUT Line Reg PARAMETER Quiescent Current Ground Current Standby Current Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Line Regulation VIN = 5.8 to 14.8 V IOUT = 1 to 80 mA 5 20 0.2 f = 400 Hz, CL = 10 F 10 Hz f 100 kHz, CL = 10 F, CN = 0.01 F 68 50 VOUT x 0.95 -4 IFLAG = 100 A VDET 0.2 +4 0.4 TEST CONDITIONS IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 3.8 V, IOUT = 0 mA IOUT = 60 mA Output OFF IOUT = 1 mA, TA = 25 C IOUT = 1 mA, -30 TA 80 C IOUT = 30 mA 4.68 4.63 MIN TYP 140 380 2.5 95 4.80 4.80 160 MAX 300 900 10 160 4.92 4.97 350 100 50 100 UNITS A A mA A V V mV mA mV mV mV/ C dB Vrms V % V
Load Reg Load Regulation VOUT /T RR VNO VDET VDET(ERR) VRESET Temperature Coefficient Ripple Rejection Output Noise Voltage Low Voltage Detector Threshold Voltage Detector Threshold Tolerance Saturation Voltage
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) TR Control Terminal Current Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) Output Rise Time (OFF to ON) VCONT = 5 V VCONT = 16 V Output ON Output OFF IOUT = 30 mA, CL = 0.1 F, CN = 0.1 F 2.4 50 25 45 100 150 0.6 A A V V s
Page 8
TK119xx
TK11950 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test conditions: VIN = 6.0 V, CL = 10 F, CN = 0.01 F, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL IQ IGND ISTBY VOUT VDROP IOUT Line Reg PARAMETER Quiescent Current Ground Current Standby Current Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Line Regulation VIN = 6.0 to 15.0 V IOUT = 1 to 80 mA 5 20 0.2 f = 400 Hz, CL = 10 F 10 Hz f 100 kHz, CL = 10 F, CN = 0.01 F 68 50 VOUT x 0.95 -4 IFLAG = 100 A VDET 0.2 +4 0.4 TEST CONDITIONS IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 4.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA IOUT = 60 mA Output OFF IOUT = 1 mA, TA = 25 C IOUT = 1 mA, -30 TA 80 C IOUT = 30 mA 4.875 4.825 MIN TYP 140 380 2.5 95 5.000 5.000 160 MAX 300 900 10 160 5.125 5.175 350 100 50 100 UNITS A A mA A V V mV mA mV mV mV/ C dB Vrms V % V
Load Reg Load Regulation VOUT /T RR VNO VDET VDET(ERR) VRESET Temperature Coefficient Ripple Rejection Output Noise Voltage Low Voltage Detector Threshold Voltage Detector Threshold Tolerance Saturation Voltage
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) TR Control Terminal Current Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) Output Rise Time (OFF to ON) VCONT = 5 V VCONT = 16 V Output ON Output OFF IOUT = 30 mA, CL = 0.1 F, CN = 0.1 F 2.4 50 25 45 100 150 0.6 A A V V s
Page 9
TK119xx
TEST CIRCUIT
VOUT VIN + + 1 F VOUT + CL 10 F
IOUT
RESET OUTPUT
220 k + VCONT +
OUTPUT VOLTAGE 5 V
GLITCH
~5 V
GLITCH
~5 V
INPUT VOLTAGE t
Page 10
TK119xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 500 400 VDROP (mV)
IGND (mA)
INPUT CURRENT AND CONTROL CURRENT VS. CONTROL VOLTAGE 200 100
IIN
ICONT (A) IIN (A)
100
SHUTDOWN POINT
50
0 0 50 IOUT (mA) SATURATION VOLTAGE VS. RESET OUTPUT CURRENT 250 200 VIN = 1 V
VSAT (mV)
100
0 0
100
5.0
3V 5V
150 100 50 0 0
2V 6V
CL = 3.3 F CN = 0.1 F
1.0
200
500 k f (Hz)
1M
VIN
IOUT
6V
0 mA
VOUT
VOUT
VOUT (1 V / DIV)
50 mA
15 F 4.7 F
Page 11
TK119xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
RIPPLE REJECTION VS. FREQUENCY 0
RR (dB)
150 100 50 0 1 pF
CL = 0.1 F -50
VIN
CL = 10 F
RIPPLE REJECTION CIRCUIT
10 pF 100 pF1000 pF 0.01 F0.1 F CN GROUND CURRENT (ON MODE) VS. TEMPERATURE
-100 100
1k f (Hz)
10 k
100 k
10
ISTBY (A)
IGND (mA)
30 20 10
VCONT = 5 V
IOUT = 60 mA IOUT = 30 mA
50
VCONT = 2.5 V
0 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
0 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
0 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
VDROP (mV)
VCONT (V)
VDET (V)
IOUT = 60 mA
1.0
4.75
IOUT = 30 mA
0 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
4.65 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
0 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 12
TK119xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 2.35 2.45 2.25 VOUT (V)
VDET (V) VOUT (V)
TK11922
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT LOW VOLTAGE DETECTOR VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 5.0
2.25
VOUT 2.5
0 0 10 VIN (V)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 2.25
100
20
5.0
VOUT (V)
IOUT = 0 mA 2.25
250
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
2.20
30 mA 60 mA 0 0 10 VIN (V) 20 1.75 1.75 2.25 VIN (V) 3.75 2.15 -50 0 TA (C) LOW VOLTAGE DETECTOR VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 5.0 2.75 50 100
TK11927
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 2.85 2.95 OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE
VOUT (V)
VDET (V)
VOUT (V)
VOUT 2.5
2.75
2.55 0 50 IOUT (mA) 100 2.35 0 10 VIN (V) 20 0 0 2.5 VIN (V) 5.0
Page 13
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
TK119xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 3.25 2.80
TK11927 (CONT.)
QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 500 OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
VOUT (V)
IOUT = 0 mA 2.75
250
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
2.75
30 mA 60 mA 0 0 10 VIN (V) 20 2.25 2.25 2.75 VIN (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 3.35 3.45 3.25
5.0
3.25
2.70 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
TK11930
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT
LOW VOLTAGE DETECTOR VS. INPUT VOLTAGE
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
VDET (V)
3.25
2.5
VOUT (V)
IOUT = 0 mA 3.25
250
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
3.25
30 mA 60 mA 0 0 10 VIN (V) 20 2.75 2.75 3.25 VIN (V) 3 .75 3.20 -50 0 TA (C) 50 100
Page 14
VOUT (V)
VOUT
TK119xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 3.35 3.45 3.25
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
TK11932
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT LOW VOLTAGE DETECTOR VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 5.0
VDET (V)
3.25
2.5
5.0
VOUT (V)
IOUT = 0 mA 3.25
250
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
3.25
30 mA 60 mA
0 0 10 VIN (V) 20
2.75 2.75
3 .75
3.20 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
TK11935
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 3.6 3.7 3.5 VOUT 5.0 LOW VOLTAGE DETECTOR VS. INPUT VOLTAGE
VOUT (V)
VDET (V)
VOUT (V)
3.5
2.5
3.3 0 50 IOUT (mA) 100 3.1 0 0 10 VIN (V) 20 0 2.5 VIN (V) 5.0
Page 15
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
VOUT
TK119xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 4.0 3.55
TK11935 (CONT.)
QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 500 OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
VOUT (V)
IOUT = 0 mA 3.5
250
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
3.50
30 mA 60 mA 0 0 10 VIN (V) 20 3.0 3.0 3.5 VIN (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 4.1 4.2 4.0
VOUT (V)
4.0
3.45 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
TK11940
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT LOW VOLTAGE DETECTOR VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 5.0 VOUT
VOUT (V)
VDET (V)
4.0
2.5
100
3.6 0
0 10 VIN (V)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 4.05
20
5.0
VOUT (V)
IOUT = 0 mA 4.0
250
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
4.00
30 mA 60 mA 0 0 10 VIN (V) 20 3.5 3.5 4.0 VIN (V) 4.5 3.95 -50 0 TA (C) 50 100
Page 16
VOUT (V)
TK119xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 4.9 5.0 4.8
VDET (V) VOUT (V)
TK11948
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT LOW VOLTAGE DETECTOR VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 5.0
VOUT (V)
4.8
2.5
VOUT
100
4.4 0
0 10 VIN (V)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 4.85
20
5.0
VOUT (V)
IOUT = 0 mA 4.8
250
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
4.80
30 mA 60 mA
0 0 10 VIN (V) 20
4.3 4.3
5.3
4.75 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
TK11950
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.0 OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE LOW VOLTAGE DETECTOR VS. INPUT VOLTAGE
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
VDET (V)
5.0
2.5
VOUT
4.8 0 50 IOUT (mA) 100 4.6 0 0 10 VIN (V) 20 0 2.5 VIN (V) 5.0
Page 17
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
TK119xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. TK11950 (CONT.)
QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 500 5.5 OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 5.05 OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
VOUT (V)
IOUT = 0 mA 5.0
250
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
5.00
30 mA 60 mA 0 0 10 VIN (V) 20 4.5 4.5 5.0 VIN (V) 5.5 4.95 -50 0 TA (C) 50 100
Page 18
TK119xx
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS
QUIESCENT CURRENT (IQ) The quiescent current is the current which flows through the ground terminal under no load conditions (IOUT = 0 mA). GROUND CURRENT (IGND) Ground current is the current which flows through the ground pin(s). It is defined as IIN - IOUT, excluding control current. LINE REGULATION (LINE REG) Line regulation is the relationship between change in output voltage due to a change in input voltage. LOAD REGULATION (LOAD REG) Load regulation is the relationship between change in output voltage due to a change in load current. DROPOUT VOLTAGE (VDROP) This is a measure of how well the regulator performs as the input voltage decreases. The smaller the number, the further the input voltage can decrease before regulation problems occur. Nominal output voltage is first measured when VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1 at a chosen load current. When the output voltage has dropped 100 mV from the nominal, VIN - VOUT is the dropout voltage. This voltage is affected by load current and junction temperature. OUTPUT NOISE VOLTAGE Tj = 0jA x PD + TA This is the effective AC voltage that occurs on the output voltage under the condition where the input noise is low and with a given load, filter capacitor, and frequency range. THERMAL PROTECTION This is an internal feature which turns the regulator off when the junction temperature rises above 150 C. After the regulator turns off, the temperature drops and the regulator output turns back on. Under certain conditions, the output waveform may appear to be an oscillation as the output turns off and on and back again in succession. For Toko ICs, the internal limit for junction temperature is 150 C. If the ambient temperature (TA) is 25 C, then: 150 C = 0jA x PD + 25 C 0jA = 125 C/ PD PD is the value when the thermal sensor is activated. A simple way to determine PD is to calculate VIN x IIN when the output side is shorted. Input current gradually falls as temperature rises. You should use the value when thermal equilibrium is reached. PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION (PD) This is the power dissipation level at which the thermal sensor is activated. The IC contains an internal thermal sensor which monitors the junction temperature. When the junction temperature exceeds the monitor threshold of 150 C, the IC is shut down. The junction temperature rises as the difference between the input power (VIN x IIN) and the output power (VOUT x IOUT) increases. The rate of temperature rise is greatly affected by the mounting pad configuration on the PCB, the board material, and the ambient temperature. When the IC mounting has good thermal conductivity, the junction temperature will be low even if the power dissipation is great. When mounted on the recommended mounting pad, the power dissipation of the SOT-23L is increased to 400 mW. For operation at ambient temperatures over 25 C, the power dissipation of the SOT-23L device should be derated at 3.2 mW/C. To determine the power dissipation for shutdown when mounted, attach the device on the actual PCB and deliberately increase the output current (or raise the input voltage) until the thermal protection circuit is activated. Calculate the power dissipation of the device by subtracting the output power from the input power. These measurements should allow for the ambient temperature of the PCB. The value obtained from PD /(150 C - TA) is the derating factor. The PCB mounting pad should provide maximum thermal conductivity in order to maintain low device temperatures. As a general rule, the lower the temperature, the better the reliability of the device. The thermal resistance when mounted is expressed as follows:
Page 19
TK119xx
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS (CONT.)
The range of usable currents can also be found from the graph below.
(mW) PD 3
DPD
6 4 5
25
50
75 TA (C)
150
Procedure: 1) 2) 3) 4) Find PD PD1 is taken to be PD x (~ 0.8 - 0.9) Plot PD1 against 25 C Connect PD1 to the point corresponding to the 150 C with a straight line. 5) In design, take a vertical line from the maximum operating temperature (e.g., 75 C) to the derating curve. 6) Read off the value of PD against the point at which the vertical line intersects the derating curve. This is taken as the maximum power dissipation, DPD. The maximum operating current is: IOUT = (DPD / (VIN(MAX) - VOUT)
500 400
PD (mW)
MOUNTED
FREE AIR
100
150
TK119xx
APPLICATION INFORMATION
INPUT/OUTPUT DECOUPLING CONSIDERATIONS CAPACITOR
VIN GND VOUT
Voltage regulators require input and output decoupling capacitors. The required values of these capacitors vary with application. Capacitors made by different manufacturers can have different characteristics, particularly with regard to high frequencies and Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) over temperature. The type of capacitor is also important. For example, a 4.7 F aluminum electrolytic may be required for a certain application. If a tantalum capacitor is used, a lower value of 2.2 F would be adequate. It is important to consider the temperature characteristics of the decoupling capacitors. While Toko regulators are designed to operate as low as -30 C, many capacitors will not operate properly at this temperature. The capacitance of aluminum electrolytic capacitors may decrease to 0 at low temperatures. This may cause oscillation on the output of the regulator since some capacitance is required to guarantee stability. Thus, it is important to consider the characteristics of the capacitor over temperature when selecting decoupling capacitors. The ESR is another important parameter. The ESR will increase with temperature but low ESR capacitors are often larger and more costly. In general, tantalum capacitors offer lower ESR than aluminum electrolytic, but new low ESR aluminum electrolytic capacitors are now available from several manufacturers. Usually a bench test is sufficient to determine the minimum capacitance required for a particular application. After taking thermal characteristics and tolerance into account, the minimum capacitance value should be approximately two times the value. The recommended minimum capacitance for the TK119xx is 2.2 F for a tantalum capacitor or 3.3 F for an aluminum electrolytic. Please note that linear regulators with a low dropout voltage have high internal loop gains which require care in guarding against oscillation caused by insufficient decoupling capacitance. The use of high quality decoupling capacitors suited for your application will guarantee proper operation of the circuit. BOARD LAYOUT Copper pattern should be as large as possible. Power dissipation is 400 mW for the SOT-23L package. A low ESR capacitor is recommended. For low temperature operation, select a capacitor with a low ESR at the lowest operating temperature to prevent oscillation, degradation of ripple rejection and increase in noise. The minimum recommended capacitance is 2.2 F. January 1999 TOKO, Inc.
GND
RESET
CONTROL
NOISE BYPASS CAPACITOR SECTION The noise bypass capacitor (CN) should be connected as close as possible to pin 1 and ground. The recommended value for CN is 0.01 F. The noise bypass terminal has a high impedance and care should be taken if the noise bypass capacitor is not used. This terminal is susceptible to external noise, and oscillation can occur when CN is not used and the solder pad for this pin is too large. RESET OUTPUT CONSIDERATIONS It is important to note the accuracy of the regulator and voltage detector functions when they are combined within one IC. The figure below illustrates the voltage regulator and voltage detector implemented with individual reference voltages.
VMAX
VMIN RMAX
RMIN
NON-TOKO APPROACH
Page 21
TK119xx
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
Note: VMIN - RMAX 0 is possible, meaning the two ranges may overlap. The figure below illustrates the TK119xx. The TK119xx utilizes the same reference voltage for both the voltage regulator and the voltage detector functions. As a result, the detector voltage is always constant (VOUT x 0.95 %) from the output voltage. With this approach, the two ranges do not overlap.
VMAX
HANDLING MOLDED RESIN PACKAGES All plastic molded packages absorb some moisture from the air. If moisture absorption occurs prior to soldering the device into the printed circuit board, increased separation of the lead from the plastic molding may occur, degrading the moisture barrier characteristics of the device. This property of plastic molding compounds should not be overlooked, particularly in the case of very small packages, where the plastic is very thin. In order to preserve the original moisture barrier properties of the package, devices are stored and shipped in moisture proof bags filled with dry air. The bags should not be opened or damaged prior to the actual use of the devices. If this is unavoidable, the devices should be stored in a low relative humidity environment (40 to 65%) or in an enclosed environment with desiccant.
VMIN RMAX
RMIN
TOKO APPROACH
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
CONTROL FUNCTION UTILIZED CONTROL FUNCTION NOT UTILIZED
VIN + 1 F + 4.7 F
VOUT
VIN + 1 F + 4.7 F
VOUT
RRESET
RRESET
RESET OUTPUT
CN 0.01 F
CN 0.01 F
VIN
VOUT + 1 F + 4.7 F
Note: Parallel connection of control pins is allowed if all devices use identical input voltages. 39 K RRESET 220 K Choose for correct High Logic level.
CN 0.01 F
RESET SW
Page 22
TK119xx
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
Marking G22 G27 G30 G3 G35 G40 G4 G5
SOT-23L (SOT-23L-6)
0.4 6 5 4
+0.15 - 0.05
0.1
0.6
1.0
Marking
Product Code
Voltage Code
1 e
2 e 0.95
3 0.32 5 PL 0.95
+0.15 - 0.05
0.1
e 0.95
e 0.95
3.5
+0.3 - 0.1
(3.4)
0 - 0.1
+0.15 - 0.05
15 max 0.4
+ 0.3
1.2
0.15
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
3.3
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 23
Printed in the USA
TK70403
1.03 V REGULATOR WITH ON/OFF SWITCH FEATURES
s s s s s s Low Input Voltage Operation (Single Battery Cell) Internal PNP Transistor Internal Shutdown Control (Off Current, 0.1 A max) Low Dropout Voltage [30 mV (typ.) at 2 mA] Miniature Package (SOT-26) Very Low Noise
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s Pagers Personal Communication Equipment Portable Consumer Equipment Radio Control Systems Single Battery Cell Systems
DESCRIPTION
TK70403 is a low dropout, linear regulator with a built-in electronic switch. A pin for a bypass capacitor is provided, which connects to the internal circuitry to lower the overall output noise level. An internal PNP pass-transistor is used in order to achieve low dropout voltage (typically 30 mV at 2 mA load current). This makes it possible to maintain a stable output voltage as the battery voltage decreases, extending the useful battery life. The TK70403 is available in a miniature SOT-26 surface mount package. TK70403
VOUT
20 P
GND VIN
ORDERING INFORMATION
BLOCK DIAGRAM
TK70403MTB
VIN VOUT
Tape/Reel Code
TAPE/REEL CODE
TB: Tape Left
CONTROL
NOISE BYPASS
Page 1
TK70403
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ........................................................... 6 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 350 mW Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ...................-10 to +60 C Operating Voltage Range .............................. 0.9 to 5.0 V Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS: RCONT = 820 K ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Terminal Current Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) VCONT = 1.0 V, Output ON Output ON Output OFF 0.85 0 0.3 1.0 A V V
Note 1: Power dissipation is 350 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 2.8 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Note 2: IOUT when VOUT drops 0.4 V from VOUT(TYP). Gen Note: Ripple rejection and noise voltage are affected by the value and characteristics of the capacitor used. Example: Ripple rejection is 48 dB at CL = 1 F, CN = 0.1 F, IOUT = 2 mA, f = 400 Hz. Gen Note: Parameters with min. or max. values are 100% tested at TA = 25 C.
Page 2
TK70403
TEST CIRCUIT
IIN VIN VIN 1 F GND VOUT 1 F IOUT VOUT
GND
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
1.4 V
5 IOUT (mA)
10
100
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
GROUND CURRENT VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 2.5 2.0 IGND (mA) 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 IOUT (mA) 100 80
VDROP (mV)
60 40 20 0
VDROP (mV) 0 2 4 6 8 10
100
10
20
30
40
50
IOUT (mA)
IOUT (mA)
Page 3
TK70403
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
IOUT = 0 mA
1.5 V
VIN
1.4 V CN = 0 F
IIN (pA)
TA = 60 C
TA = 25 C
VOUT
100
CN = 0.1 F
1 VIN (V)
1 VIN (V)
2
TIME (50 S/DIV)
VIN TK70403
VOUT
CN VCONT 0.1 F
CL 1 F
1.5
ICONT (A) IOUT (mA)
IOUT = 2 mA
50
1.0
20
40
0.5
10
30 -20
20
40
60
80
-20
20
40
60
80
0 -20
20
40
60
80
TA (C)
TA (C)
TA (C)
Page 4
TK70403
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
GROUND CURRENT VS. TEMPERATURE 300 250 IOUT = 10 mA IGND (A) 200 150 100 IOUT = 5 mA
50 0 -20
-20
20
40
60
80
20
40
60
80
TA (C)
TA (C)
Page 5
TK70403
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VOUT) The output voltage is specified with VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 0.4 and IOUT = 2 mA. DROPOUT VOLTAGE (VDROP) The dropout voltage is the difference between the input voltage and the output voltage, at which point the regulator starts to fall out of regulation. Below this value, the output voltage will fall as the input value is reduced. It is dependent upon the load current and the temperature. OUTPUT CURRENT (IOUT(MAX)) The rated output current is specified under the condition where the output voltage drops 0.4 V when the output current is loaded. The input voltage is set to VOUT + 0.4 V. LINE REGULATION (Line Reg) Line regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the input voltage changes. The voltage is pulsed to minimize temperature effects. LOAD REGULATION (Load Reg) Load regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the load current changes. It is pulsed to minimize temperature effects. The load regulation is specified to 0.1 mA to 5.0 mA. QUIESCENT CURRENT (IQ) The quiescent current is the current which flows through the ground terminal under no load conditions (IOUT = 0 mA). GROUND CURRENT (IGND) Ground current is the current which flows through the ground pin(s). It is defined as IIN - IOUT, excluding control current. RIPPLE REJECTION (RR) Ripple rejection is the ability of the regulator to attenuate the ripple content of the input voltage at the output. It is specified with 50 mVp-p, 400 Hz, IOUT = 2 mA superimposed on the input voltage, where VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 0.4 V. The ripple rejection is the ratio of the output vs. input and is expressed in dB. Page 6
0 0
ON/OFF CONTROL High is on (referenced to ground). When the on/off function is not used, connect the control terminal to VIN. The control current can be reduced by inserting a series resistor (RCONT) between the control terminal and VIN. Changes in the on/off level, due to this connection, are shown below.
ON/OFF RESPONSE WITH CONTROL (SPEED) The turn-on time depends upon the value of the output capacitor and the noise bypass capacitor. The turn-on time will decrease with smaller value of either capacitor. The graph below shows the relationship between turn-on time and load capacitance. However, when the capacitance is small, load transient and line transient will worsen and the noise will increase. CL = 0.68 F, CN = 1000 pF will be the best for fastest operation.
CL = 0.68 F
CL = 4.7 F
1000
TK70403
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS (CONT.)
CL = 0.47 F CL = 2.2 F CL = 4.7 F
CL = 0.68 F
50 TIME (s)
REDUCTION OF OUTPUT NOISE Although the architecture of the Toko regulators is designed to minimize semiconductor noise, further reduction can be achieved by increasing the size of the output capacitor. A more effective solution would be to add a capacitor to the noise bypass terminal. The value of the capacitor should be at least 0.1 F or higher (higher values provide greater noise reduction). Although stable operation is possible without the noise bypass capacitor, this terminal has a high impedance and care should be taken to avoid a large circuit area on the printed circuit board when the capacitor is not used. Please note that several parameters are affected by the value of the capacitors and bench testing is recommended when deviating from standard values. INPUT AND OUTPUT CAPACITORS Toko regulators require an output capacitor in order to maintain regulator loop stability. The capacitor value should be at least 0.68 F over actual ambient operating temperature. PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION (PD) This is the power dissipation level at which the thermal sensor is activated. The IC contains an internal thermal sensor which monitors the junction temperature. When the junction temperature exceeds the monitor threshold of 150 C, the IC is shut down. The junction temperature rises as the difference between the input power (VIN x IIN) and the output power (VOUT x IOUT) increases. The rate of temperature rise is greatly affected by the mounting pad configuration on the PCB, the board material, and the ambient temperature. When the IC mounting has good January 1999 TOKO, Inc.
thermal conductivity, the junction temperature will be low even if the power dissipation is great. When mounted on the recommended mounting pad, the power dissipation of the SOT-26 is increased to 350 mW. For operation at ambient temperatures over 25 C, the power dissipation of the SOT-26 device should be derated at 2.8 mW/C. To determine the power dissipation for shutdown when mounted, attach the device on the actual PCB and deliberately increase the output current (or raise the input voltage) until the thermal protection circuit is activated. Calculate the power dissipation of the device by subtracting the output power from the input power. These measurements should allow for the ambient temperature of the PCB. The value obtained from PD /(150 C - TA) is the derating factor. The PCB mounting pad should provide maximum thermal conductivity in order to maintain low device temperatures. As a general rule, the lower the temperature, the better the reliability of the device. The thermal resistance when mounted is expressed as follows: Tj = 0jA x PD + TA For Toko ICs, the internal limit for junction temperature is 150 C. If the ambient temperature (TA) is 25 C, then: 150 C = 0jA x PD + 25 C 0jA = 125 C/ PD
VCONT
VOUT
PD is the value when the thermal sensor is activated. A simple way to determine PD is to calculate VIN x IIN when the output side is shorted. Input current gradually falls as temperature rises. You should use the value when thermal equilibrium is reached.
Page 7
TK70403
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS (CONT.)
The range of usable currents can also be found from the graph below.
(mW) PD 3
DPD
6 4 5
25
50
75 TA (C)
150
Procedure: 1) 2) 3) 4) Find PD PD1 is taken to be PD x (~ 0.8 - 0.9) Plot PD1 against 25 C Connect PD1 to the point corresponding to the 150 C with a straight line. 5) In design, take a vertical line from the maximum operating temperature (e.g., 75 C) to the derating curve. 6) Read off the value of PD against the point at which the vertical line intersects the derating curve. This is taken as the maximum power dissipation, DPD. The maximum operating current is: IOUT = (DPD / (VIN(MAX) - VOUT)
450 350
PD (mW)
MOUNTED AS SHOWN
TK70403
APPLICATION INFORMATION
BOARD LAYOUT
GND
VIN
VOUT
CONTROL
Page 9
TK70403
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
Marking 03J
SOT-26 (SOT-23-6)
0.7
TK70403
Marking
(0.6)
1.0
(0.6)
1.6
e 0.95 e
e 0.95 1.90
3 0.3
+ 0.1
(1.9) 0.1 M
2.9
0.15
2.8
+ 0.3
+ 0.1
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 10
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-216-TK70001 0798O0.0K
0-13
TK711xx
LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR FEATURES
s s s s s s Low Dropout Voltage Low Quiescent Current Very Stable Output Short Circuit Protected Thermal Overload Protected Standard TO-92 Package
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s Battery Powered Systems Portable Consumer Equipment Cordless Telephones Personal Communications Equipment Radio Control Systems Toys Low Voltage Systems
DESCRIPTION
The TK711xx is a low dropout, linear regulator housed in a standard TO-92 package, rated at 500 mW. An internal PNP transistor is used to achieve a low dropout voltage of 100 mV (typ.) at 30 mA load current. The TK711xx has a low quiescent current of 130 A (typ.) at no load. The low quiescent current and dropout voltage make this part ideal for battery powered applications.
1 2
TK711xx
15 0
ORDERING INFORMATION
TK711
Tape/Reel Code VoltageCode VOLTAGE CODE
20 = 2.0 V 25 = 2.5 V 30 = 3.0 V 33 = 3.3 V 35 = 3.5 V 40 = 4.0 V 45 = 4.5 V 50 = 5.0 V
VIN
BLOCK DIAGRAM
VOUT
TAPE/REEL CODE
NT: Tape Left
THERMAL PROTECTION
Page 1
TK711xx
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Input Voltage ............................................................ 15 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 500 mW Operating Voltage Range ............................... 1.4 to 14 V Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ................... -20 to +75 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
Note 1: Power dissipation is 500 mW when mounted. Derate at 4 mW/C for operation above 25 C.
Page 2
TK711xx
TK71125 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test Conditions: VIN = 3.5 V, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL IQ VOUT VDROP IOUT IGND Line Reg Line Reg RR VOUT /T
PARAMETER Quiescent Current Regulated Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Ground Current Line Regulation Load Regulation Ripple Rejection Temperature Coefficient
TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 3.5 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 2.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 3.5 V, IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 30 mA
MIN
TYP 13 0 1.4
UNITS A mA V mV mA
2.4
2.5 100
100 VIN = 3.5 V, IOUT = 30 mA VIN = 3.5 to 13.5 V IOUT = 1 to 60 mA CL = 3.3 F, f = 400 Hz, IOUT = 10 mA
mA mV mV dB mV/ C
Page 3
TK711xx
TK71133 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test Conditions: VIN = 3.9 V, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL IQ VOUT VDROP IOUT IGND Line Reg Line Reg RR VOUT /T
PARAMETER Quiescent Current Regulated Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Ground Current Line Regulation Load Regulation Ripple Rejection Temperature Coefficient
TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 3.9 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 2.8 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 3.9 V, IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 30 mA
MIN
TYP 13 0 1.4
UNITS A mA V mV mA
3.2
3.3 100
100 VIN = 3.9 V, IOUT = 30 mA VIN = 3.9 to 13.9 V IOUT = 1 to 60 mA CL = 3.3 F, f = 400 Hz, IOUT = 10 mA
mA mV mV dB mV/ C
Page 4
TK711xx
TK71140 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test Conditions: VIN = 4.6 V, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL IQ VOUT VDROP IOUT IGND Line Reg Line Reg RR VOUT /T PARAMETER Quiescent Current Regulated Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Ground Current Line Regulation Load Regulation Ripple Rejection Temperature Coefficient VIN = 4.6 V, IOUT = 30 mA VIN = 4.6 to 14.0 V IOUT = 1 to 60 mA CL = 3.3 F, f = 400 Hz, IOUT = 10 mA TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 4.6 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 3.5 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 4.6 V, IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 30 mA 100 3.88 MIN TYP 13 0 1.4 4.00 100 160 1. 5 10 20 63 0.2 3.5 30 40 MAX 300 3.0 4.12 200 UNITS A mA V mV mA mA mV mV dB mV/ C
Page 5
TK711xx
TK71150 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test Conditions: VIN = 5.6 V, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL IQ VOUT VDROP IOUT IGND Line Reg Line Reg RR VOUT /T
PARAMETER Quiescent Current Regulated Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Ground Current Line Regulation Load Regulation Ripple Rejection Temperature Coefficient
TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 5.6 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 4.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 5.6 V, IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 30 mA
MIN
TYP 13 0 1.4
UNITS A mA V mV mA
4.85
5.00 100
100 VIN = 5.6 V, IOUT = 30 mA VIN = 5.6 to 14.0 V IOUT = 1 to 60 mA CL = 3.3 F, f = 400 Hz, IOUT = 10 mA
mA mV mV dB mV/ C
Gen Note: Parameters with min. or max. values are 100% tested at TA = 25 C.
Page 6
TK711xx
TEST CIRCUIT
IN
VIN GND
VOUT
+ VIN 0.1 F
DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 500 400 VDROP (mV) 300 IOUT = 60 mA 200 100 0 -50
VOUT (mV)
IGND (mA)
3 2 1 0 -50 IOUT = 30 mA
0 TA (C)
50
100
VIN VOUT
VOUT(TYP) + 1 V
NOISE (dB)
-100
CL = 3.3 F
RR (dB)
-50 CL = 10 F
-100 100
1k
10 k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Page 7
TK711xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
GROUND CURRENT VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 10 8
0 mA
VOUT(TYP) + 1 V
IGND (mA)
30 mA IOUT = 0 mA 60 mA
VOUT
6 4 2
CL = 3.3 F
CL = 1.0 F
VIN = VOUT
0 0
TIME (50 s / DIV)
50 IOUT (mA)
QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE
100 VIN (100 mV / DIV) OUTPUT CURRENT VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 150
IOUT = 0 mA
TK71120
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 2.05
2
2.00
IOUT (mA)
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
100
100
5 VIN (V)
10
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
VDROP (mV)
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
2.00
50 IOUT (mA)
100
1.95 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 8
TK711xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 2 150 IOUT = 0 mA IOUT (mA)
VOUT (V) IQ (mA)
TK71125
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 2.55 OUTPUT CURRENT VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
2.50
100
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
VDROP (mV)
VOUT (V)
3 2 1 0
VOUT (V)
2.50
50 IOUT (mA)
100
200
2.45 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
TK71130
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 3.05 2 150 IOUT = 0 mA QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT CURRENT VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
3.00
IOUT (mA)
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
100
0 0 5 VIN (V) 10
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 9
TK711xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. TK71130 (CONT.)
DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 500 400 VDROP (mV) 300 200 100 0 0 VOUT (V)
5 4 3 2 1 0 VOUT (V) SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION
3.00
50 IOUT (mA)
100
200
2.95 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
TK71133
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 3.35
2
IOUT = 0 mA
3.30
IOUT (mA)
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
100
0 0 5 VIN (V) 10
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
VDROP (mV)
VOUT (V)
3 2 1 0
3.30
50 IOUT (mA)
100
3.25 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 10
TK711xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 2 150 IOUT = 0 mA IOUT (mA)
VOUT (V)
TK71135
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 3.55 OUTPUT CURRENT VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
3.50
IQ (mA)
100
3.45 0 50 IOUT (mA) DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 500 400
VDROP (mV) VOUT (V)
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
VOUT (V)
3.50
50 IOUT (mA)
100
0 TA (C)
50
100
TK71140
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 4.05 2 150 IOUT = 0 mA QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT CURRENT VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
4.00
IOUT (mA)
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
100
0 0 5 VIN (V) 10
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 11
TK711xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. TK71140 (CONT.)
DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 500 400 VDROP (mV) 300 200 100 0 0 VOUT (V)
5 4 3 2 1 0 VOUT (V) SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION
4.00
50 IOUT (mA)
100
200
3.95 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
TK71145
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 4.55
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
4.50
100
4.45 0 50 IOUT (mA) DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 500 400 100
0 0 5 VIN (V) 10
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
VDROP (mV)
VOUT (V)
3 2 1 0
4.50
50 IOUT (mA)
100
4.45 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 12
TK711xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 2 150 IOUT = 0 mA IOUT (mA)
VOUT (V)
TK71150
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 5.05 OUTPUT CURRENT VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
5.00
IQ (mA)
100
4.95 0 50 IOUT (mA) DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 500 100
0 0 5 VIN (V) 10
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
4 3 2 1 0
4.95 -50
5.00
50 IOUT (mA)
100
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 13
TK711xx
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS
LINE REGULATION (LINE REG) Line regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the input voltage changes. LOAD REGULATION (LOAD REG) Load regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the load current changes. It is a pulsed measurement to minimize temperature effects. The load regulation is specified an output current step condition of 1 mA to 60 mA. QUIESCENT CURRENT (IQ) The quiescent current is the current which flows through the ground terminal under no load conditions (IOUT = 0 mA). GROUND CURRENT (IGND) Ground current is the current which flows through the ground pin(s). It is defined as IIN - IOUT, excluding ICONT. DROPOUT VOLTAGE (VDROP) This is a measure of how well the regulator performs as the input voltage decreases. The smaller the number, the further the input voltage can decrease before regulation problems occur. Nominal output voltage is first measured when VIN = VOUT + 1 at a chosen load current. When the output voltage has dropped 100 mV from the nominal, VIN - VO is the dropout voltage. This voltage is affected by load current and junction temperature. OUTPUT NOISE VOLTAGE This is the effective AC voltage that occurs on the output voltage under the condition where the input noise is low and with a given load, filter capacitor, and frequency range. THERMAL PROTECTION This is an internal feature which turns the regulator off when the junction temperature rises above 150 C. After the regulator turns off, the temperature drops and the regulator output turns back on. Under certain conditions, the output waveform may appear to be an oscillation as the output turns off and on and back again in succession. PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION (PD) This is the power dissipation level at which the thermal sensor is activated. The IC contains an internal thermal sensor which monitors the junction temperature. When the junction temperature exceeds the monitor threshold of 150 C, the IC is shut down. The junction temperature rises as the difference between the input power (VIN x IIN) and the output power (VOUT x IOUT) increases. The rate of temperature rise is greatly affected by the mounting pad configuration on the PCB, the board material, and the ambient temperature. When the IC mounting has good thermal conductivity, the junction temperature will be low even if the power dissipation is great. When mounted on the mounting pad, the power dissipation of the TO-92 is increased to 500 mW. For operation at ambient temperatures over 25 C, the power dissipation of the TO92 device should be derated at 4.0 mW/C. To determine the power dissipation for shutdown when mounted, attach the device on the actual PCB and deliberately increase the output current (or raise the input voltage) until the thermal protection circuit is activated. Calculate the power dissipation of the device by subtracting the output power from the input power. These measurements should allow for the ambient temperature of the PCB. The value obtained from PD /(150 C - TA) is the derating factor. The PCB mounting pad should provide maximum thermal conductivity in order to maintain low device temperatures. As a general rule, the lower the temperature, the better the reliability of the device. The thermal resistance when mounted is expressed as follows:
Tj = 0jA x PD + TA For Toko ICs, the internal limit for junction temperature is 150 C. If the ambient temperature (TA) is 25 C, then: 150 C = 0jA x PD + 25 C 0jA = 125 C / PD PD is the value when the thermal sensor is activated. A simple way to determine PD is to calculate VIN x IIN when the output side is shorted. Input current gradually falls as temperature rises. You should use the value when thermal equilibrium is reached.
Page 14
TK711xx
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS (CONT.)
The range of usable currents can also be found from the graph below.
(mW) PD 3
APPLICATION INFORMATION
INPUT/OUTPUT DECOUPLING CONSIDERATIONS CAPACITOR
DPD
6 4 5
25
50
75 TA (C)
150
Procedure: 1) 2) 3) 4) Find PD PD1 is taken to be PD x (~ 0.8 - 0.9) Plot PD1 against 25 C Connect PD1 to the point corresponding to the 150 C with a straight line. 5) In design, take a vertical line from the maximum operating temperature (e.g., 75 C) to the derating curve. 6) Read off the value of PD against the point at which the vertical line intersects the derating curve. This is taken as the maximum power dissipation, DPD. The maximum operating current is: IOUT = (DPD / (VIN(MAX) - VOUT)
1000 800 MOUNTED
PD (mW)
Voltage regulators require input and output decoupling capacitors. The required value of these capacitors vary with application. Capacitors made by different manufacturers can have different characteristics, particularly with regard to high frequencies and Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) over temperature. The type of capacitor is also important. For example, a 4.7 F aluminum electrolytic may be required for a certain application. If a tantalum capacitor is used, a lower value of 2.2 F would be adequate. It is important to consider the temperature characteristics of the decoupling capacitors. While Toko regulators are designed to operate as low as -40 C, many capacitors will not operate properly at this temperature. The capacitance of aluminum electrolytic capacitors may decrease to 0 at low temperatures. This may cause oscillation on the output of the regulator since some capacitance is required to guarantee stability. Thus, it is important to consider the characteristics of the capacitor over temperature when selecting decoupling capacitors. The ESR is another important parameter. The ESR will increase with temperature but low ESR capacitors are often larger and more costly. In general, tantalum capacitors offer lower ESR than aluminum electrolytic, but new low ESR aluminum electrolytic capacitors are now available from several manufacturers. Usually a bench test is sufficient to determine the minimum capacitance required for a particular application. After taking thermal characteristics and tolerance into account, the minimum capacitance value should be approximately two times this value. The recommended minimum capacitance for the TK711xxN is 2.1 F for a tantalum capacitor or 3.3 F for an aluminum electrolytic. Please note that linear regulators with a low dropout voltage have high internal loop gains which require care in guarding against oscillation caused by insufficient decoupling capacitance. The use of high quality decoupling capacitors suited for your application will guarantee proper operation of the circuit. Pay attention to temperature characteristics of the capacitor, especially the increase of ESR and decrease of capacitance in low temperatures. Oscillation, reduction of ripple rejection and increased noise may occur in some cases if the proper capacitor is not used. An output capacitor more than 1.0 F is required to maintain stability. The standard test condition is 3.3 F (TA = 25 C).
TK711xx
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
4.8 (1.4) 3.8
TO-92
Marking
Lot Number
0.25 0.45
+0.15 -0.05
M 0.45 e 1 2 3 1.27
+0.15 -0.05
e 1.27
13.5
+ 0.5
5.0
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
R2.4
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 16
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-160-TK711xx 0798O0.0K
TK712xx
LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR FEATURES
s s s s s Low Dropout Voltage Low Quiescent Current Very Stable Output Low Noise (35 Vrms) Miniature Package (SOT-25)
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s Battery Powered Systems Portable Consumer Equipment Cordless Telephones Personal Communications Equipment Radio Control Systems Toys Low Voltage Systems
DESCRIPTION
TK712xx is a low dropout, linear regulator. Since a PNP power transistor is used, dropout voltage is very low, making it possible to maintain stable output voltage even as the battery decreases. This allows longer battery life. The TK712xx has a noise bypass pin available for noise reduction. The TK712xx is available in a miniature SOT-25 surface mount package.
20 P
TK712xx
VIN
GND
VOUT
ORDERING INFORMATION
TK712
VoltageCode
M
Tape/Reel Code
VIN
BLOCK DIAGRAM
VOUT
VOLTAGE CODE
20 = 2.0 V 25 = 2.5 V 28 = 2.8 V 30 = 3.0 V 33 = 3.3 V 35 = 3.5 V 40 = 4.0 V 45 = 4.5 V 50 = 5.0 V
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left
NOISE BYPASS
THERMAL PROTECTION
GND
Page 1
TK712xx
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Input Voltage ............................................................ 15 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 350 mW Operating Voltage Range ............................... 1.4 to 14 V Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ................... -30 to +80 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
SYMBOL IQ VOUT VDROP IOUT IGND Line Reg Load Reg RR Vref VOUT /T
PARAMETER Quiescent Current Regulated Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Ground Current Line Regulation Load Regulation Ripple Rejection Noise Bypass Terminal Voltage Temperature Coefficient
TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 3.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 1.8 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 3.0 V, IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 30 mA
MIN
TYP 13 0 1.4
UNITS A mA V mV mA
1.9
2.0 100
100 VIN = 3.0 V, IOUT = 30 mA VIN = 3.0 to 13.0 V IOUT = 1 to 60 mA CL = 3.3 F, f = 400 Hz, IOUT = 10 mA
mA mV mV dB V mV/ C
Note 1: Power dissipation is 350 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 2.8 mW/C for operation above 25 C.
Page 2
TK712xx
TK71225 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test Conditions: VIN = 3.5 V, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL IQ VOUT VDROP IOUT IGND Line Reg Load Reg RR Vref VOUT /T
PARAMETER Quiescent Current Regulated Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Ground Current Line Regulation Load Regulation Ripple Rejection Noise Bypass Terminal Voltage Temperature Coefficient
TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 3.5 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 2.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 3.5 V, IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 30 mA
MIN
TYP 13 0 1.4
UNITS A mA V mV mA
2.4
2.5 100
100 VIN = 3.5 V, IOUT = 30 mA VIN = 3.5 to 13.5 V IOUT = 1 to 60 mA CL = 3.3 F, f = 400 Hz, IOUT = 10 mA
mA mV mV dB V mV/ C
SYMBOL IQ VOUT VDROP IOUT IGND Line Reg Load Reg RR Vref VOUT /T
PARAMETER Quiescent Current Regulated Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Ground Current Line Regulation Load Regulation Ripple Rejection Noise Bypass terminal Voltage Temperature Coefficient
TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 3.8 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 2.5 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 3.8 V, IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 30 mA
MIN
TYP 13 0 1.4
UNITS A mA V mV mA
2.7
2.8 100
100 VIN = 3.8 V, IOUT = 30 mA VIN = 3.8 to 13.8 V IOUT = 1 to 60 mA CL = 3.3 F, f = 400 Hz, IOUT = 10 mA
mA mV mV dB V mV/ C
Page 3
TK712xx
TK71230 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test Conditions: VIN = 4.0 V, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL IQ VOUT VDROP IOUT IGND Line Reg Load Reg RR Vref VOUT /T PARAMETER Quiescent Current Regulated Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Ground Current Line Regulation Load Regulation Ripple Rejection Noise Bypass Terminal Voltage Temperature Coefficient VIN = 4.0 V, IOUT = 30 mA VIN = 4.0 to 14.0 V IOUT = 1 to 60 mA CL = 3.3 F, f = 400 Hz, IOUT = 10 mA TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 4.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 2.5 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 4.0 V, IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 30 mA 100 2.9 MIN TYP 13 0 1.4 3.0 100 160 1. 5 10 20 63 1.27 0.18 3.5 30 40 MAX 300 3.0 3.1 200 UNITS A mA V mV mA mA mV mV dB V mV/ C
Page 4
TK712xx
TK71235 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test Conditions: VIN = 4.1 V, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL IQ VOUT VDROP IOUT IGND Line Reg Load Reg RR Vref VOUT /T
PARAMETER Quiescent Current Regulated Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Ground Current Line Regulation Load Regulation Ripple Rejection Noise Bypass Terminal Voltage Temperature Coefficient
TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 4.1 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 3.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 4.1 V, IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 30 mA
MIN
TYP 13 0 1.4
UNITS A mA V mV mA
3.39
3.50 100
100 VIN = 4.1 V, IOUT = 30 mA VIN = 4.1 to 14.0 V IOUT = 1 to 60 mA CL = 3.3 F, f = 400 Hz, IOUT = 10 mA
mA mV mV dB V mV/ C
Page 5
TK712xx
TK71245 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test Conditions: VIN = 5.1 V, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL IQ VOUT VDROP IOUT IGND Line Reg Load Reg RR Vref VOUT /T PARAMETER Quiescent Current Regulated Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Ground Current Line Regulation Load Regulation Ripple Rejection Noise Bypass Terminal Voltage Temperature Coefficient VIN = 5.1 V, IOUT = 30 mA VIN = 5.1 to 14.0 V IOUT = 1 to 60 mA CL = 3.3 F, f = 400 Hz, IOUT = 10 mA TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 5.1 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 4.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 5.1 V, IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 30 mA 100 4.36 MIN TYP 13 0 1.4 4.50 100 160 1. 5 10 20 63 1.27 0.25 3.5 30 40 MAX 300 3.0 4.64 200 UNITS A mA V mV mA mA mV mV dB V mV/ C
SYMBOL IQ VOUT VDROP IOUT IGND Line Reg Load Reg RR Vref VOUT /T
PARAMETER Quiescent Current Regulated Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Ground Current Line Regulation Load Regulation Ripple Rejection Noise Bypass Terminal Voltage Temperature Coefficient
TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 5.6 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 4.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 5.6 V, IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 30 mA
MIN
TYP 13 0 1.4
UNITS A mA V mV mA
4.85
5.00 100
100 VIN = 5.6 V, IOUT = 30 mA VIN = 5.6 to 14.0 V IOUT = 1 to 60 mA CL = 3.3 F, f = 400 Hz, IOUT = 10 mA
mA mV mV dB V mV/ C
Page 6
TK712xx
TEST CIRCUIT
IIN
VIN
VOUT
+ CL IOUT VOUT
CN
IGND (mA)
3 2 1 0 -50 IOUT = 30 mA
IOUT = 30 mA 0 TA (C)
RIPPLE REJECTION VS. FREQUENCY
20
0 TA (C)
50
100
50
100
0 CL = 1 F
NOISE (V)
-100
INSTRUMENT NOISE FLOOR
RR (dB)
CL = 10 F
NOISE (dB)
CN = 0.01 F CL = 1 F
-50 CL = 10 F
-100 100
1k
10 k
100 k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Page 7
TK712xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
IOUT = 30 mA
IOUT
VIN
VOUT(TYP) + 1 V
8
0 mA
IGND (mA)
VOUT
VOUT
6 4 2
CL = 3.3 F
CL = 1.0 F
0 0
TIME (50 s / DIV)
TIME (50 s / DIV)
50 IOUT (mA)
100
VOUT(TYP) + 1 V
30 mA IOUT = 0 mA 60 mA
VIN = VOUT
Page 8
TK712xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 2 150 IOUT = 0 mA IOUT (mA)
VOUT (V)
TK71220
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 2.05
IQ (mA)
2.00
100
1.95 0 50 IOUT (mA) DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 500 400 100
0 0 5 VIN (V) 10
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
VDROP (mV)
VOUT (V)
3 2 1 0
2.00
50 IOUT (mA)
100
1.95 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
TK71225
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 2.55 2 150 IOUT = 0 mA QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT CURRENT VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
2.50
IOUT (mA)
0 5 VIN (V) 10
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
100
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 9
TK712xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. TK71225 (CONT.)
DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 500 400 VDROP (mV) VOUT (V) 300 200 100 0 0
5 4 3 2 1 0 VOUT (V) SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION
2.50
50 IOUT (mA)
100
200
2.45 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
TK71228
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 2.85
IQ (mA)
2.80
100
2.75 0 50 IOUT (mA) DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 500 400 100
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
VDROP (mV)
VOUT (V)
3 2 1 0
2.80
50 IOUT (mA)
100
2.75 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 10
TK712xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 2 150 IOUT = 0 mA IOUT (mA)
VOUT (V) IQ (mA)
TK71230
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 3.05 OUTPUT CURRENT VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
3.00
100
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
VDROP (mV)
3 2 1 0
3.00
50 IOUT (mA)
100
2.95 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
TK71233
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 3.35 2 150 IOUT = 0 mA QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT CURRENT VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
3.30
IOUT (mA)
0 5 VIN (V) 10
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
100
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 11
TK712xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. TK71233 (CONT.)
DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 500 400 VDROP (mV) VOUT (V) 300 200 100 0 0
5 4 3 2 1 0 VOUT (V) SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION
3.30
50 IOUT (mA)
100
200
3.25 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
TK71235
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 3.55 2 150 IOUT = 0 mA IOUT (mA)
VOUT (V) IQ (mA)
3.50
100
0 0 5 VIN (V) 10
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
VDROP (mV)
VOUT (V)
3 2 1 0
3.50
50 IOUT (mA)
100
3.45 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 12
TK712xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 2 150 IOUT = 0 mA IOUT (mA)
VOUT (V)
TK71240
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 4.05 OUTPUT CURRENT VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
4.00
IQ (mA)
100
0 0 5 VIN (V) 10
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
VOUT (V)
3 2 1 0
VOUT (V)
4.00
50 IOUT (mA)
100
200
3.95 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
TK71245
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 4.55 2 150 IOUT = 0 mA OUTPUT CURRENT VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
4.50
IOUT (mA)
0 5 VIN (V) 10
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
100
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 13
TK712xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. TK71245 (CONT.)
DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 500 400 VDROP (mV) 300 200 100 0 0 VOUT (V)
5 4 3 2 1 0 VOUT (V) SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION
4.50
50 IOUT (mA)
100
200
4.45 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
TK71250
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 5.05 2 150 IOUT = 0 mA
IOUT (mA)
VOUT (V)
5.00
IQ (mA)
100
0 0 5 VIN (V) 10
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
5
400
VDROP (mV)
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
5.00
50 IOUT (mA)
100
4.95 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 14
TK712xx
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS
LINE REGULATION (LINE REG) Line regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the input voltage changes. LOAD REGULATION (LOAD REG) Load regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the load current changes. It is a pulsed measurement to minimize temperature effects. The load regulation is specified an output current step condition of 1 mA to 60 mA. QUIESCENT CURRENT (IQ) The quiescent current is the current which flows through the ground terminal under no load conditions (IOUT = 0 mA). GROUND CURRENT (IGND) Ground current is the current which flows through the ground pin(s). It is defined as IIN - IOUT, excluding ICONT. DROPOUT VOLTAGE (VDROP) This is a measure of how well the regulator performs as the input voltage decreases. The smaller the number, the further the input voltage can decrease before regulation problems occur. Nominal output voltage is first measured when VIN = VOUT + 1 at a chosen load current. When the output voltage has dropped 100 mV from the nominal, VIN - VO is the dropout voltage. This voltage is affected by load current and junction temperature. OUTPUT NOISE VOLTAGE This is the effective AC voltage that occurs on the output voltage under the condition where the input noise is low and with a given load, filter capacitor, and frequency range. THERMAL PROTECTION This is an internal feature which turns the regulator off when the junction temperature rises above 150 C. After the regulator turns off, the temperature drops and the regulator output turns back on. Under certain conditions, the output waveform may appear to be an oscillation as the output turns off and on and back again in succession. PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION (PD) This is the power dissipation level at which the thermal sensor is activated. The IC contains an internal thermal sensor which monitors the junction temperature. When the junction temperature exceeds the monitor threshold of 150 C, the IC is shut down. The junction temperature rises as the difference between the input power (VIN x IIN) and the output power (VOUT x IOUT) increases. The rate of temperature rise is greatly affected by the mounting pad configuration on the PCB, the board material, and the ambient temperature. When the IC mounting has good thermal conductivity, the junction temperature will be low even if the power dissipation is great. When mounted on the mounting pad, the power dissipation of the SOT-25 is increased to 350 mW. For operation at ambient temperatures over 25 C, the power dissipation of the SOT-25 device should be derated at 2.8 mW/C. To determine the power dissipation for shutdown when mounted, attach the device on the actual PCB and deliberately increase the output current (or raise the input voltage) until the thermal protection circuit is activated. Calculate the power dissipation of the device by subtracting the output power from the input power. These measurements should allow for the ambient temperature of the PCB. The value obtained from PD /(150 C - TA) is the derating factor. The PCB mounting pad should provide maximum thermal conductivity in order to maintain low device temperatures. As a general rule, the lower the temperature, the better the reliability of the device. The thermal resistance when mounted is expressed as follows:
Tj = 0jA x PD + TA For Toko ICs, the internal limit for junction temperature is 150 C. If the ambient temperature (TA) is 25 C, then: 150 C = 0jA x PD + 25 C 0jA = 125 C / PD PD is the value when the thermal sensor is activated. A simple way to determine PD is to calculate VIN x IIN when the output side is shorted. Input current gradually falls as temperature rises. You should use the value when thermal equilibrium is reached.
Page 15
TK712xx
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS (CONT.)
The range of usable currents can also be found from the graph below.
(mW) PD 3
DPD
6 4 5
25
50
75 TA (C)
150
Procedure: 1) 2) 3) 4) Find PD PD1 is taken to be PD x (~ 0.8 - 0.9) Plot PD1 against 25 C Connect PD1 to the point corresponding to the 150 C with a straight line. 5) In design, take a vertical line from the maximum operating temperature (e.g., 75 C) to the derating curve. 6) Read off the value of PD against the point at which the vertical line intersects the derating curve. This is taken as the maximum power dissipation, DPD. The maximum operating current is: IOUT = (DPD / (VIN(MAX) - VOUT)
1000 800
PD (mW)
600 400
MOUNTED
TK712xx
APPLICATION INFORMATION
INPUT/OUTPUT DECOUPLING CONSIDERATIONS CAPACITOR OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE Optimum performance can only be achieved when the IC is mounted on a PC board according to the diagram below. This is because of the extremely small package and limited power dissipation. Shape the metal portion of the PCB as shown in the following drawing.
Voltage regulators require input and output decoupling capacitors. The required value of these capacitors vary with application. Capacitors made by different manufacturers can have different characteristics, particularly with regard to high frequencies and Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) over temperature. The type of capacitor is also important. For example, a 4.7 F aluminum electrolytic may be required for a certain application. If a tantalum capacitor is used, a lower value of 2.2 F would be adequate. It is important to consider the temperature characteristics of the decoupling capacitors. While Toko regulators are designed to operate as low as -40 C, many capacitors will not operate properly at this temperature. The capacitance of aluminum electrolytic capacitors may decrease to 0 at low temperatures. This may cause oscillation on the output of the regulator since some capacitance is required to guarantee stability. Thus, it is important to consider the characteristics of the capacitor over temperature when selecting decoupling capacitors. The ESR is another important parameter. The ESR will increase with temperature but low ESR capacitors are often larger and more costly. In general, tantalum capacitors offer lower ESR than aluminum electrolytic, but new low ESR aluminum electrolytic capacitors are now available from several manufacturers. Usually a bench test is sufficient to determine the minimum capacitance required for a particular application. After taking thermal characteristics and tolerance into account, the minimum capacitance value should be approximately two times this value. The recommended minimum capacitance for the TK712xx is 2.2 F for a tantalum capacitor or 3.3 F for an aluminum electrolytic. Please note that linear regulators with a low dropout voltage have high internal loop gains which require care in guarding against oscillation caused by insufficient decoupling capacitance. The use of high quality decoupling capacitors suited for your application will guarantee proper operation of the circuit. Pay attention to temperature characteristics of the capacitor, especially the increase of ESR and decrease of capacitance in low temperatures. Oscillation, reduction of ripple rejection and increased noise may occur in some cases if the proper capacitor is not used. An output capacitor more than 1.0 F is required to maintain stability. The standard test condition is 3.3 F (TA = 25 C).
VIN
VOUT + + GND
GND
SOT-25 BOARD LAYOUT Use a large bypass capacitor and connect it in a place near GND of the IC. Pay attention to temperature characteristics of the capacitor, especially the increase of ESR and decrease of capacitance in low temperatures. Oscillation, reduction of ripple rejection and increased noise may occur in some cases if the proper capacitor is not used. An output capacitor more than 1.0 F is required to maintain stability. The standard test condition is 3.3 F (TA = 25 C).
CN
Page 17
TK712xx
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
0.7
SOT-25 (SOT-23-5)
Marking
(0.6)
1.0
(0.6)
1.6
Marking J20 J25 J28 J30 J33 J35 J40 J45 J50
+0.2 - 0.3
e 0.95 e'
e 0.95 1.90
3 0.4
+0.15 - 0.05
0.95
0.1
2.9
1.3 max
+0.1
+0.15 - 0.05
(0.8)
1.1
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 18
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-161-TK712xx 0798O0.0K
15
0.3
max
TK713xx
LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR FEATURES
s s s s s Low Dropout Voltage Low Quiescent Current Very Stable Output Active Low On/Off Control Miniature Package (SOT-25)
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s Battery Powered Systems Portable Consumer Equipment Cordless Telephones Personal Communications Equipment Radio Control Systems Toys Low Voltage Systems
DESCRIPTION
TK713xx is a low dropout, linear regulator with a built-in electronic switch. Since a PNP power transistor is used, dropout voltage is very low, making it possible to maintain a stable output voltage even as the battery voltage decreases. This allows longer battery life. The TK713xx has a control pin to turn the output on or off. The input current is 10 A when the output is off.
20 P
TK713xx
CONTROL GND
VIN
GND
VOUT
ORDERING INFORMATION
TK713
VoltageCode
M
Tape/Reel Code
VIN
BLOCK DIAGRAM
VOUT
THERMAL PROTECTION
VOLTAGE CODE
15 = 1.5 V 20 = 2.0 V 25 = 2.5 V 28 = 2.8 V 30 = 3.0 V 33 = 3.3 V 40 = 4.0 V 45 = 4.5 V 50 = 5.0 V
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left
SHUTDOWN
GND
Page 1
TK713xx
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Input Voltage ............................................................ 15 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 350 mW Operating Voltage Range ............................... 1.4 to 14 V Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ................... -30 to +80 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Current Control Voltage ON Control Voltage OFF
VCONT = 1.0 V, RCONT = 0 , Output OFF VCONT = 1.2 V, RCONT = 100 K, Output OFF
43 4.5
60
A A
0.4
V V
Note 1: Power dissipation is 350 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 2.8 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Power dissipation is 150 mW in Free Air. Derate at 1.2 mW/C for operation above 25 C.
Page 2
TK713xx
TK71320 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test Conditions: VIN = 3.0 V, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL IQ ISTBY VOUT VDROP IOUT IGND Line Reg PARAMETER Quiescent Current Standby Current Regulated Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Ground Current Line Regulation VIN = 3.0 V, IOUT = 30 mA VIN = 3.0 to 13.5 V IOUT = 1 to 60 mA CL = 3.3 F, f = 400 Hz, IOUT = 10 mA TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 3.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 1.9 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 8.0 V, Output OFF VIN = 3.0 V, IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 30 mA 100 1.9 MI N TYP 130 1.4 12 2.0 100 16 0 1.5 10 20 63 0.15 3.5 30 40 MAX 300 3. 0 40 2. 1 20 0 UNITS A mA A V mV mA mA mV mV dB mV/ C
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Current Control Voltage ON Control Voltage OFF
VCONT = 1.0 V, RCONT = 0 , Output OFF VCONT = 1.2 V, RCONT = 100 K, Output OFF
43 4.5
60
A A
0.4
V V
Page 3
TK713xx
TK71325 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test Conditions: VIN = 3.5 V, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL IQ ISTBY VOUT VDROP IOUT IGND Line Reg PARAMETER Quiescent Current Standby Current Regulated Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Ground Current Line Regulation VIN = 3.5 V, IOUT = 30 mA VIN = 3.5 to 13.5 V IOUT = 1 to 60 mA CL = 3.3 F, f = 400 Hz, IOUT = 10 mA TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 3.5 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 2.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 8.0 V, Output OFF VIN = 3.5 V, IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 30 mA 100 2.4 MI N TYP 130 1.4 12 2.5 100 160 1.5 10 20 63 0.15 3.5 30 40 MAX 300 3.0 40 2.6 20 0 UNITS A mA A V mV mA mA mV mV dB mV/ C
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Current Control Voltage ON Control Voltage OFF
VCONT = 1.0 V, RCONT = 0 , Output OFF VCONT = 1.2 V, RCONT = 100 K, Output OFF
43 4.5
60
A A
0.4
V V
Page 4
TK713xx
TK71328 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test Conditions: VIN = 3.8 V, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL IQ ISTBY VOUT VDROP IOUT IGND Line Reg PARAMETER Quiescent Current Standby Current Regulated Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Ground Current Line Regulation VIN = 3.8 V, IOUT = 30 mA VIN = 3.8 to 13.8 V IOUT = 1 to 60 mA CL = 3.3 F, f = 400 Hz, IOUT = 10 mA TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 3.8 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 2.5 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 8.0 V, Output OFF VIN = 3.8 V, IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 30 mA 100 2.7 MI N TYP 130 1.4 12 2.8 100 160 1.5 10 20 63 0.18 3.5 30 40 MAX 300 3. 0 40 2. 9 20 0 UNITS A mA A V mV mA mA mV mV dB mV/ C
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Current Control Voltage ON Control Voltage OFF
VCONT = 1.0 V, RCONT = 0 , Output OFF VCONT = 1.2 V, RCONT = 100 K, Output OFF
43 4.5
60
A A
0.4
V V
Page 5
TK713xx
TK71330 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test Conditions: VIN = 4.0 V, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL IQ ISTBY VOUT VDROP IOUT IGND Line Reg PARAMETER Quiescent Current Standby Current Regulated Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Ground Current Line Regulation VIN = 4.0 V, IOUT = 30 mA VIN = 4.0 to 14.0 V IOUT = 1 to 60 mA CL = 3.3 F, f = 400 Hz, IOUT = 10 mA TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 4.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 2.5 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 8.0 V, Output OFF VIN = 4.0 V, IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 30 mA 100 2.9 MI N TYP 130 1.4 12 3.0 100 16 0 1.5 10 20 63 0.18 3.5 30 40 MAX 300 3. 0 40 3.1 20 0 UNITS A mA A V mV mA mA mV mV dB mV/ C
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Current Control Voltage ON Control Voltage OFF
VCONT = 1.0 V, RCONT = 0 , Output OFF VCONT = 1.2 V, RCONT = 100 K, Output OFF
43 4.5
60
A A
0.4
V V
Page 6
TK713xx
TK71333 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test Conditions: VIN = 3.9 V, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL IQ ISTBY VOUT VDROP IOUT IGND Line Reg PARAMETER Quiescent Current Standby Current Regulated Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Ground Current Line Regulation VIN = 3.9 V, IOUT = 30 mA VIN = 3.9 to 14.0 V IOUT = 1 to 60 mA CL = 3.3 F, f = 400 Hz, IOUT = 10 mA TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 3.9 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 2.8 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 8.0 V, Output OFF VIN = 3.9 V, IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 30 mA 100 3.2 MI N TYP 130 1.4 12 3. 3 100 160 1.5 10 20 63 0.18 3.5 30 40 MAX 300 3. 0 40 3.4 20 0 UNITS A mA A V mV mA mA mV mV dB mV/ C
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Current Control Voltage ON Control Voltage OFF
VCONT = 1.0 V, RCONT = 0 , Output OFF VCONT = 1.2 V, RCONT = 100 K, Output OFF
43 4.5
60
A A
0.4
V V
Page 7
TK713xx
TK71340 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test Conditions: VIN = 4.6 V, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL IQ ISTBY VOUT VDROP IOUT IGND Line Reg PARAMETER Quiescent Current Standby Current Regulated Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Ground Current Line Regulation VIN = 4.6 V, IOUT = 30 mA VIN = 4.6 to 14.0 V IOUT = 1 to 60 mA CL = 3.3 F, f = 400 Hz, IOUT = 10 mA TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 4.6 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 3.5 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 8.0 V, Output OFF VIN = 4.6 V, IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 30 mA 100 3.88 MI N TYP 130 1.4 12 4.00 100 16 0 1.5 10 20 63 0.20 3.5 30 40 MAX 300 3. 0 40 4.12 20 0 UNITS A mA A V mV mA mA mV mV dB mV/ C
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Current Control Voltage ON Control Voltage OFF
VCONT = 1.0 V, RCONT = 0 , Output OFF VCONT = 1.2 V, RCONT = 100 K, Output OFF
43 4.5
60
A A
0.4
V V
Page 8
TK713xx
TK71345 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test Conditions: VIN = 5.1 V, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL IQ ISTBY VOUT VDROP IOUT IGND Line Reg PARAMETER Quiescent Current Standby Current Regulated Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Ground Current Line Regulation VIN = 5.1 V, IOUT = 30 mA VIN = 5.1 to 14.0 V IOUT = 1 to 60 mA CL = 3.3 F, f = 400 Hz, IOUT = 10 mA TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 5.1 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 4.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 8.0 V, Output OFF VIN = 5.1 V, IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 30 mA 100 4.36 MI N TYP 130 1.4 12 4.50 100 160 1.5 10 20 63 0.25 3.5 30 40 MAX 300 3. 0 40 4.64 20 0 UNITS A mA A V mV mA mA mV mV dB mV/ C
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Current Control Voltage ON Control Voltage OFF
VCONT = 1.0 V, RCONT = 0 , Output OFF VCONT = 1.2 V, RCONT = 100 K, Output OFF
43 4.5
60
A A
0.4
V V
Page 9
TK713xx
TK71350 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test Conditions: VIN = 5.6 V, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL IQ ISTBY VOUT VDROP IOUT IGND Line Reg PARAMETER Quiescent Current Standby Current Regulated Output Voltage Dropout Voltage Output Current Ground Current Line Regulation VIN = 5.6 V, IOUT = 30 mA VIN = 5.6 to 14.0 V IOUT = 1 to 60 mA CL = 3.3 F, f = 400 Hz, IOUT = 10 mA TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 5.6 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 4.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 8.0 V, Output OFF VIN = 5.6 V, IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 30 mA 100 4.85 MI N TYP 130 1.4 12 5.00 100 16 0 1.5 10 20 63 0.25 3.5 30 40 MAX 300 3. 0 40 5.15 20 0 UNITS A mA A V mV mA mA mV mV dB mV/ C
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Current Control Voltage ON Control Voltage OFF
VCONT = 1.0 V, RCONT = 0 , Output OFF VCONT = 1.2 V, RCONT = 100 K, Output OFF
43 4.5
60
A A
0.4
V V
Page 10
TK713xx
TEST CIRCUIT
IIN
VIN
VOUT
+ CL IOUT VOUT
3 2 1 0 -50 IOUT = 30 mA
VDROP (mV)
VOUT (mV)
IGND (mA)
0 TA (C)
50
100
VOUT(TYP) + 1 V
NOISE (dB)
RR (dB)
-100
CL = 3.3 F
-50 CL = 10 F
-100 100
1k
10 k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
VOUT
Page 11
TK713xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
GROUND CURRENT VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 10 8
0 mA
VOUT(TYP) + 1 V
IGND (mA)
30 mA IOUT = 0 mA 60 mA
VOUT
6 4 2
CL = 3.3 F
CL = 1.0 F
VIN = VOUT
0 0
TIME (50 s / DIV)
50 IOUT (mA)
QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE
TK71315
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 1.55 2
1.50
IOUT (mA)
0 5 VIN (V) 10
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
100
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
VDROP (mV)
VOUT (V)
3 2 1 0
1.50
50 IOUT (mA)
100
1.45 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 12
TK713xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 2 150 IOUT = 0 mA IOUT (mA)
VOUT (V) IQ (mA)
TK71320
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 2.05 OUTPUT CURRENT VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
2.00
100
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
VDROP (mV)
VOUT (V)
3 2 1 0
2.00
50 IOUT (mA)
100
1.95 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
TK71325
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 2.55 2 150 IOUT = 0 mA QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT CURRENT VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
2.50
IOUT (mA)
0 5 VIN (V) 10
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
100
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 13
TK713xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. TK71325 (CONT.)
DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 500 400 VDROP (mV) 300 200 100 0 0 VOUT (V)
5 4 3 2 1 0 VOUT (V) SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION
2.50
50 IOUT (mA)
100
200
2.45 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
TK71330
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 3.05
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
3.00
100
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
VDROP (mV)
VOUT (V)
3 2 1 0
3.00
50 IOUT (mA)
100
2.95 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 14
TK713xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 2 150 IOUT = 0 mA IOUT (mA)
TK71333
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 3.35 OUTPUT CURRENT VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
VOUT (V)
3.30
IQ (mA)
100
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
VDROP (mV)
3 2 1 0
3.30
50 IOUT (mA)
100
3.25 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
TK71335
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 3.55 2 150 IOUT = 0 mA QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT CURRENT VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
3.50
IOUT (mA)
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
100
0 0 5 VIN (V) 10
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 15
TK713xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. TK71335 (CONT.)
DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 500 400 VDROP (mV) 300 200 100 0 0 VOUT (V)
5 4 3 2 1 0 VOUT (V) SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION
3.50
50 IOUT (mA)
100
200
3.45 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
TK71340
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 4.05 2 150 IOUT = 0 mA OUTPUT CURRENT VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
4.00
IOUT (mA)
0 5 VIN (V) 10
VOUT (V)
IQ (mA)
100
3.95 0 50 IOUT (mA) DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 500 400 100
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
VDROP (mV)
VOUT (V)
3 2 1 0
4.00
50 IOUT (mA)
100
3.95 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 16
TK713xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 2 150 IOUT = 0 mA IOUT (mA)
VOUT (V)
TK71345
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 4.55 OUTPUT CURRENT VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
4.50
IQ (mA)
100
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
VDROP (mV)
VOUT (V)
3 2 1 0
VOUT (V)
4.50
50 IOUT (mA)
100
200
4.45 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
TK71350
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 5.05
2 150 IOUT = 0 mA OUTPUT CURRENT VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
VOUT (V)
5.00
IOUT (mA)
0 5 VIN (V) 10
IQ (mA)
100
50 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 17
TK713xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. TK71350 (CONT.)
DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 500 400 VDROP (mV) 300 200 100 0 0 VOUT (V)
5 4 3 2 1 0 VOUT (V) SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION
5.00
50 IOUT (mA)
100
200
4.95 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 18
TK713xx
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS
LINE REGULATION (LINE REG) Line regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the input voltage changes. LOAD REGULATION (LOAD REG) Load regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the load current changes. It is a pulsed measurement to minimize temperature effects. The load regulation is specified an output current step condition of 1 mA to 60 mA. QUIESCENT CURRENT (IQ) The quiescent current is the current which flows through the ground terminal under no load conditions (IOUT = 0 mA). GROUND CURRENT (IGND) Ground current is the current which flows through the ground pin(s). It is defined as IIN - IOUT, excluding ICONT. DROPOUT VOLTAGE (VDROP) This is a measure of how well the regulator performs as the input voltage decreases. The smaller the number, the further the input voltage can decrease before regulation problems occur. Nominal output voltage is first measured when VIN = VOUT + 1 at a chosen load current. When the output voltage has dropped 100 mV from the nominal, VIN - VO is the dropout voltage. This voltage is affected by load current and junction temperature. OUTPUT NOISE VOLTAGE This is the effective AC voltage that occurs on the output voltage under the condition where the input noise is low and with a given load, filter capacitor, and frequency range. THERMAL PROTECTION This is an internal feature which turns the regulator off when the junction temperature rises above 150 C. After the regulator turns off, the temperature drops and the regulator output turns back on. Under certain conditions, the output waveform may appear to be an oscillation as the output turns off and on and back again in succession. PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION (PD) This is the power dissipation level at which the thermal sensor is activated. The IC contains an internal thermal sensor which monitors the junction temperature. When the junction temperature exceeds the monitor threshold of 150 C, the IC is shut down. The junction temperature rises as the difference between the input power (VIN x IIN) and the output power (VOUT x IOUT) increases. The rate of temperature rise is greatly affected by the mounting pad configuration on the PCB, the board material, and the ambient temperature. When the IC mounting has good thermal conductivity, the junction temperature will be low even if the power dissipation is great. When mounted on the mounting pad, the power dissipation of the SOT-25 is increased to 350 mW. For operation at ambient temperatures over 25 C, the power dissipation of the SOT-25 device should be derated at 2.8 mW/C. To determine the power dissipation for shutdown when mounted, attach the device on the actual PCB and deliberately increase the output current (or raise the input voltage) until the thermal protection circuit is activated. Calculate the power dissipation of the device by subtracting the output power from the input power. These measurements should allow for the ambient temperature of the PCB. The value obtained from PD /(150 C - TA) is the derating factor. The PCB mounting pad should provide maximum thermal conductivity in order to maintain low device temperatures. As a general rule, the lower the temperature, the better the reliability of the device. The thermal resistance when mounted is expressed as follows:
Tj = 0jA x PD + TA For Toko ICs, the internal limit for junction temperature is 150 C. If the ambient temperature (TA) is 25 C, then: 150 C = 0jA x PD + 25 C 0jA = 125 C / PD PD is the value when the thermal sensor is activated. A simple way to determine PD is to calculate VIN x IIN when the output side is shorted. Input current gradually falls as temperature rises. You should use the value when thermal equilibrium is reached.
Page 19
TK713xx
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS (CONT.)
The range of usable currents can also be found from the graph below.
(mW) PD 3
DPD
6 4 5
25
50
75 TA (C)
150
Procedure: 1) 2) 3) 4) Find PD PD1 is taken to be PD x (~ 0.8 - 0.9) Plot PD1 against 25 C Connect PD1 to the point corresponding to the 150 C with a straight line. 5) In design, take a vertical line from the maximum operating temperature (e.g., 75 C) to the derating curve. 6) Read off the value of PD against the point at which the vertical line intersects the derating curve. This is taken as the maximum power dissipation, DPD. The maximum operating current is: IOUT = (DPD / (VIN(MAX) - VOUT)
1000 800
PD (mW)
MOUNTED
FREE AIR
TK713xx
APPLICATION INFORMATION
INPUT/OUTPUT DECOUPLING CONSIDERATIONS CAPACITOR OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE Optimum performance can only be achieved when the IC is mounted on a PC board according to the diagram below. This is because of the extremely small package and limited power dissipation. Shape the metal portion of the PCB as shown in the following drawing.
Voltage regulators require input and output decoupling capacitors. The required value of these capacitors vary with application. Capacitors made by different manufacturers can have different characteristics, particularly with regard to high frequencies and Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) over temperature. The type of capacitor is also important. For example, a 4.7 F aluminum electrolytic may be required for a certain application. If a tantalum capacitor is used, a lower value of 2.2 F would be adequate. It is important to consider the temperature characteristics of the decoupling capacitors. While Toko regulators are designed to operate as low as -40 C, many capacitors will not operate properly at this temperature. The capacitance of aluminum electrolytic capacitors may decrease to 0 at low temperatures. This may cause oscillation on the output of the regulator since some capacitance is required to guarantee stability. Thus, it is important to consider the characteristics of the capacitor over temperature when selecting decoupling capacitors. The ESR is another important parameter. The ESR will increase with temperature but low ESR capacitors are often larger and more costly. In general, tantalum capacitors offer lower ESR than aluminum electrolytic, but new low ESR aluminum electrolytic capacitors are now available from several manufacturers. Usually a bench test is sufficient to determine the minimum capacitance required for a particular application. After taking thermal characteristics and tolerance into account, the minimum capacitance value should be approximately two times this value. The recommended minimum capacitance for the TK713xx is 2.2 F for a tantalum capacitor or 3.3 F for an aluminum electrolytic. Please note that linear regulators with a low dropout voltage have high internal loop gains which require care in guarding against oscillation caused by insufficient decoupling capacitance. The use of high quality decoupling capacitors suited for your application will guarantee proper operation of the circuit. Pay attention to temperature characteristics of the capacitor, especially the increase of ESR and decrease of capacitance in low temperatures. Oscillation, reduction of ripple rejection and increased noise may occur in some cases if the proper capacitor is not used. An output capacitor more than 1.0 F is required to maintain stability. The standard test condition is 3.3 F (TA = 25 C).
VIN
VOUT + + GND
GND
CONTROL
SOT-25 BOARD LAYOUT Use a large bypass capacitor and connect it in a place near GND of the IC. Pay attention to temperature characteristics of the capacitor, especially the increase of ESR and decrease of capacitance in low temperatures. Oscillation, reduction of ripple rejection and increased noise may occur in some cases if the proper capacitor is not used. An output capacitor more than 1.0 F is required to maintain stability. The standard test condition is 3.3 F (TA = 25 C).
Page 21
TK713xx
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
0.7
SOT-25 (SOT-23-5)
Marking
(0.6)
1.0
Marking H15 H20 H25 H28 H30 H33 H40 H45 H50
+0.2 - 0.3
(0.6)
1.6
e 0.95 e'
e 0.95 1.90
3 0.4
+0.15 - 0.05
0.95
0.1
2.9
1.3 max
+0.1
+0.15 - 0.05
(0.8)
1.1
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 22
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-xxx-TK713xx 0798O0.0K
15
0.3
max
TK715xx
LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR FEATURES
s s s s s s s High Voltage Precision at 2.0% or 60 mV Very Low Quiescent Current Very Low Dropout Voltage Reverse Bias Protection Miniature Package (SOT-23-3) Short Circuit Protection High Ripple Rejection
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s s s Battery Powered Systems Cellular Telephones Pagers Personal Communications Equipment Portable Instrumentation Portable Consumer Equipment Radio Control Systems Toys Low Voltage Systems
DESCRIPTION
The TK715xx is a low dropout linear regulator housed in a small SOT-23-3 package, rated at 350 mW. An internal PNP transistor is used to achieve a low dropout voltage of 105 mV (typ.) at 50 mA load current. This device offers high precision output voltage of 2.0 % or 60 mV. The TK715xx has a very low quiescent current of 25 A (typ.) at no load. The low quiescent current and dropout voltage make this part ideal for battery powered applications. The internal reverse bias protection eliminates the requirement for a reverse voltage protection diode, saving cost and board space. The high 64 dB ripple rejection and low noise provide enhanced performance for critical applications.
TK715xxS
VIN
20 P
GND
VOUT
ORDERING INFORMATION
TK715
Voltage Code
SCL
Tape/ Reel Code Temp. Code Package Code
VIN
BLOCK DIAGRAM
VOLTAGE CODE
19 = 1.9 V 20 = 2.0 V 21 = 2.1 V 22 = 2.2 V 23 = 2.3 V 24 = 2.4 V 25 = 2.5 V 26 = 2.6 V 27 = 2.7 V 28 = 2.8 V 29 = 2.9 V 30 = 3.0 V 31 = 3.1 V 32 = 3.2 V 33 = 3.3 V 34 = 3.4 V 35 = 3.5 V 36 = 3.6 V 37 = 3.7 V 38 = 3.8 V 39 = 3.9 V 40 = 4.0 V 41 = 4.1 V 42 = 4.2 V 43 = 4.3 V 44 = 4.4 V 45 = 4.5 V 46 = 4.6 V 47 = 4.7 V 48 = 4.8 V 49 = 4.9 V 50 = 5.0 V 60 = 6.0 V 70 = 7.0 V 80 = 8.0 V 90 = 9.0 V
TEMPERATURE CODE
C -30 to +80 C
TAPE/REEL CODE
L: Tape Left
PACKAGE CODE
S : SOT-23-3
+ +
BANDGAP REFERENCE
GND
Page 1
TK715xx
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (VOUT 5.0 V)
Supply Voltage .............................................. -0.4 to 16 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 350 mW Reverse Bias .............................................................. 8 V Storage Temperature (Ambient) ............... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature (Ambient) .............. -30 to +80 C Max. Operating Temperature (Junction) ............... 125 C Operating Voltage Range ............................ 1.8 to 14.0 V Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
Load Reg
Load Regulation
Note 1: Power dissipation is 350 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 2.8 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Note 2: Refer to Definition of Terms. Note 3: Ripple rejection and noise voltage are affected by the value and characteristics of the capacitor used. Note 4: Ripple rejection is measured at VR = 200 mVrms, VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 2 V, IOUT = 10 mA, CL = 4.7 F, f = 100 Hz. Gen. Note: Parameters with min. or max. values are 100% tested at TA = 25 C.
Page 2
TK715xx
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (VOUT 6.0 V)
Supply Voltage .............................................. -0.4 to 16 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 350 mW Reverse Bias .............................................................. 8 V Storage Temperature (Ambient) ............... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature (Ambient) ..............-30 to +80 C Max. Operating Temperature (Junction) ............... 125 C Operating Voltage Range ............................ 2.5 to 14.0 V Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
Load Reg
Load Regulation
Note 1: Power dissipation is 350 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 2.8 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Note 2: Refer to Definition of Terms. Note 3: Ripple rejection and noise voltage are affected by the value and characteristics of the capacitor used. Note 4: Ripple rejection is measured at VR = 200 mVrms, VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 2 V, IOUT = 10 mA, CL = 4.7 F, f = 100 Hz. Gen. Note: Parameters with min. or max. values are 100% tested at TA = 25 C.
Page 3
TK715xx
TK715xx ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TABLE 1
Output Voltage 1.9 V 2.0 V 2.1 V 2.2 V 2.3 V 2.4 V 2.5 V 2.6 V 2.7 V 2.8 V 2.9 V 3.0 V 3.1 V 3.2 V 3.3 V 3.4 V 3.5 V 3.6 V Voltage Code 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 VOUT(MIN) 1.840 V 1.940 V 2.040 V 2.140 V 2.240 V 2.340 V 2.440 V 2.540 V 2.640 V 2.740 V 2.840 V 2.940 V 3.040 V 3.140 V 3.240 V 3.335 V 3.435 V 3.535 V VOUT(MAX) 1.960 V 2.060 V 2.160 V 2.260 V 2.360 V 2.460 V 2.560 V 2.660 V 2.760 V 2.860 V 2.960 V 3.060 V 3.160 V 3.260 V 3.360 V 3.465 V 3.565 V 3.665 V Test Voltage 2.9 V 3.0 V 3.1 V 3.2 V 3.3 V 3.4 V 3.5 V 3.6 V 3.7 V 3.8 V 3.9 V 4.0 V 4.1 V 4.2 V 4.3 V 4.4 V 4.5 V 4.6 V Output Voltage 3.7 V 3.8 V 3.9 V 4.0 V 4.1 V 4.2 V 4.3 V 4.4 V 4.5 V 4.6 V 4.7 V 4.8 V 4.9 V 5.0 V 6.0 V 7.0 V 8.0 V 9.0 V Voltage Code 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 60 70 80 90 VOUT(MIN) 3.630 V 3.725 V 3.825 V 3.920 V 4.020 V 4.120 V 4.215 V 4.315 V 4.410 V 4.510 V 4.605 V 4.705 V 4.800 V 4.900 V 5.880 V 6.860 V 7.840 V 8.820 V VOUT(MAX) 3.770 V 3.875 V 3.975 V 4.080 V 4.180 V 4.280 V 4.385 V 4.485 V 4.590 V 4.690 V 4.795 V 4.895 V 5.000 V 5.100 V 6.120 V 7.140 V 8.160 V 9.180 V Test Voltage 4.7 V 4.8 V 4.9 V 5.0 V 5.1 V 5.2 V 5.3 V 5.4 V 5.5 V 5.6 V 5.7 V 5.8 V 5.9 V 6.0 V 7.0 V 8.0 V 9.0 V 9.0 V
Page 4
TK715xx
TEST CIRCUIT
IIN VIN + _ + CIN 0.1 F VIN VOUT VOUT CL 2.2 F IOUT
GND
VOUT TYPICAL
VOUT (V)
3 2 1 0
IOUT = 90 mA
50 IOUT (mA)
100
200
VIN = VOUT VIN (V) (50 mV/DIV) QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE
REVERSE BIAS CURRENT RANGE (VIN = 0 V) 100 80 IREV (A) 60 40 20 0 0 5 VREV (V) VOUT = 8.0 V 10 0 0 IQ (mA) VOUT = 2.0 V 2
IOUT = 0 mA
VOUT = 3 V
10 VIN (V)
20
5 VIN (V)
10
Page 5
TK715xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
OUTPUT CURRENT VS. DROPOUT VOLTAGE 0 500 400
IGND (A)
VDROP (mV)
-100
-200 0 50 IOUT (mA) MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT VS. TEMPERATURE 220 VOUT IS 2.7 V OR MORE 200
VOUT (mV) IOUT (mA)
100
0 IOUT (mA)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. TEMPERATURE 20 10 3.0 V 0 -10 -20 -30 -50 2.9 V
20
40
60
80
100
IOUT (mA) NOISE LEVEL VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 200 180 NOISE (V) 160 140 120 100 CIN =10 F BW = 10 Hz to 80 kHz 0 50 IOUT (mA) 100 CL = 1 F 2.2 F 3.3 F 4.7 F 10 F
-50
0 TA (C)
50
100
0 TA (C)
50
100
200 180
NOISE (V)
RR (dB)
-40
CIN 0.1 to 1 F CL 4.7 F
5.0 CL (F)
10
0.1 f (kHz)
10
Page 6
TK715xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
LOAD CURRENT STEP RESPONSE 2 VOUT2 VOUT1 IOUT CL =4.7 F VIN VOUT (10 mV/ DIV)
IOUT = 0 to 100 mA
VOUT + 1 V
IOUT = 0 to 30 mA
VOUT
CL = 4.7 F
dB
-50
SPECTRUM ANALYZER BACKGROUND NOISE
IOUT = 10 mA
-100
500 k f (kHz)
1M
VOUT2
VOUT1
IOUT = 5 to 100 mA
IOUT = 5 to 30 mA
Page 7
TK715xx
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VOUT) The output voltage is specified with VIN = (VOUT(TYP) + 1 V) and IOUT = 30 mA. DROPOUT VOLTAGE (VDROP) The dropout voltage is the difference between the input voltage and the output voltage at which point the regulator starts to fall out of regulation. Below this value, the output voltage will fall as the input voltage is reduced. It is dependent upon the load current and the junction temperature. CONTINUOUS OUTPUT CURRENT (IOUT) Normal operating output current. This is limited by package power dissipation. PULSE OUTPUT CURRENT (IOUT(PULSE)) Maximum pulse width 5 ms at VOUT above 2.0 V, duty cycle 12.5%: pulse load only. LINE REGULATION (Line Reg) Line regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the input voltage changes. The line regulation is specified as the input voltage is changed from VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1 V to VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 6 V or VIN = max 14 V. LOAD REGULATION (Load Reg) Load regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the load current changes. It is a pulsed measurement to minimize temperature effects with the input voltage set to VIN = VOUT(TYP) +1 V. The load regulation is specified under two output current step conditions of 1 mA to 60 mA and 1 mA to 100 mA. QUIESCENT CURRENT (IQ) The quiescent current is the current which flows through the ground terminal under no load conditions (IOUT = 0 mA). GROUND CURRENT (IGND) Ground current is the current which flows through the ground pin(s). It is defined as IIN - IOUT, excluding control Page 8 current. RIPPLE REJECTION RATIO (RR) Ripple rejection is the ability of the regulator to attenuate the ripple content of the input voltage at the output. It is specified with 200 mVrms, 100 Hz superimposed on the input voltage, where VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 2.0 V. The output decoupling capacitor is set to 4.7 F and the load current is set to 5 mA. Ripple rejection is the ratio of the ripple content of the output vs. the input and is expressed in dB. REVERSE VOLTAGE PROTECTION Reverse voltage protection prevents damage due to the output voltage being higher than the input voltage. This fault condition can occur when the output capacitor remains charged and the input is reduced to zero, or when an external voltage higher than the input voltage is applied to the output side. REDUCTION OF OUTPUT NOISE Although the architecture of the Toko regulators are designed to minimize semiconductor noise, further reduction can be achieved by the selection of external components. The obvious solution is to increase the size of the output capacitor. Please note that several parameters are affected by the value of the capacitors and bench testing is recommended when deviating from standard values. PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION (PD) This is the power dissipation level at which the thermal sensor is activated. The IC contains an internal thermal sensor which monitors the junction temperature. When the junction temperature exceeds the monitor threshold of 150 C, the IC is shut down. The junction temperature rises as the difference between the input power (VIN x IIN) and the output power (VOUT x IOUT) increases. The rate of temperature rise is greatly affected by the mounting pad configuration on the PCB, the board material, and the ambient temperature. When the IC mounting has good thermal conductivity, the junction temperature will be low even if the power dissipation is great. When mounted on the recommended mounting pad, the power dissipation of the SOT-23-3 is increased to 350 mW. For operation at ambient temperatures over 25 C, the power dissipation of the SOT-23-3 device should be derated at 2.8 mW/C. To January 1999 TOKO, Inc.
TK715xx
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS (CONT.)
determine the power dissipation for shutdown when mounted, attach the device on the actual PCB and deliberately increase the output current (or raise the input voltage) until the thermal protection circuit is activated. Calculate the power dissipation of the device by subtracting the output power from the input power. These measurements should allow for the ambient temperature of the PCB. The value obtained from PD /(150 C - TA) is the derating factor. The PCB mounting pad should provide maximum thermal conductivity in order to maintain low device temperatures. As a general rule, the lower the temperature, the better the reliability of the device. The thermal resistance when mounted is expressed as follows: 3) Plot PD1 against 25 C 4) Connect PD1 to the point corresponding to the 150 C with a straight line. 5) In design, take a vertical line from the maximum operating temperature (e.g., 75 C) to the derating curve. 6) Read off the value of PD against the point at which the vertical line intersects the derating curve. This is taken as the maximum power dissipation, DPD. The maximum operating current is: IOUT = (DPD / (VIN(MAX) - VOUT) Tj = 0jA x PD + TA
500
For Toko ICs, the internal limit for junction temperature is 150 C. If the ambient temperature (TA) is 25 C, then:
PD (mW)
400 300
MOUNTED AS SHOWN
150 C = 0jA x PD + 25 C 0jA = 125 C/ PD PD is the value when the thermal sensor is activated. A simple way to determine PD is to calculate VIN x IIN when the output side is shorted. Input current gradually falls as temperature rises. You should use the value when thermal equilibrium is reached. The range of usable currents can also be found from the graph below.
(mW) PD 3
DPD
6 4 5
25
50
75 TA (C)
150
Procedure: 1) Find PD 2) PD1 is taken to be PD x (~ 0.8 - 0.9) January 1999 TOKO, Inc. Page 9
TK715xx
APPLICATION INFORMATION
INPUT-OUTPUT CAPACITORS Linear regulators require input and output capacitors in order to maintain regulator loop stability. The output capacitor should be selected within the Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) range as shown in the graphs below for stable operation. When a ceramic capacitor is connected in parallel with the output capacitor, a maximum of 1000 pF is recommended. This is because the ceramic capacitor's electrical characteristics (capacitance and ESR) vary widely over temperature. If a large ceramic capacitor is used, a resistor should be connected in series with it to bring it into the stable operating area shown in the graphs below. Minimum resistance should be added to maintain load and line transient response. Note: It is very important to check the selected manufacturers electrical characteristics (capacitance and ESR) over temperature.
715xxS CL ESR
TK715xxS CL ESR
Note: It is not necessary to connect a ceramic capacitor in parallel with an aluminum or tantalum output capacitor.
CL = 1.0 F
100 100
CL = 2.2 F
100
CL = 4.7 F
10
10
10
ESR ()
ESR ()
ESR ()
0.1
0.1
0.1
Page 10
TK715xx
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
In general, the capacitor should be at least 1 F and be rated for the actual ambient operating temperature range. The table below shows typical characteristics for several types and values of capacitance. Please note that the ESR varies widely depending upon manufacturer, type, size, and material.
BOARD LAYOUT Copper pattern should be as large as possible. Power dissipation is 350 mW for SOT-23-3. A low ESR capacitor is recommended. For low temperature operation, select a capacitor with a low ESR at the lowest operating temperature to prevent oscillation, degradation of ripple rejection and increase in noise. The minimum recommended capacitance is 2.2 F. The internal reverse bias protection eliminates the requirement for a reverse voltage protection diode. This saves both cost and board space.
VIN
GND
VOUT
Page 11
TK715xx
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
REVERSE BIAS PROTECTION The internal reverse bias protection eliminates the requirement for a reverse voltage protection diode. This saves both cost and board space. SWITCHING OPERATION Even though the input voltages or the output voltages are different, the outputs of the TK715xx regulators can be connected together, and the output voltages switched. If two or more TK715xx regulators are turned ON simultaneously, the highest output voltage will be present.
VIN 715xxS
VOUT
VIN
TK71530
GND
VIN TK71528 VOUT 3.0 OR 2.8 V
Another reverse bias protection technique is illustrated below. The extra diode and extra capacitor are not necessary with the TK715xx. The high output voltage accuracy is maintained because the diode forward voltage variations over temperature and load current have been eliminated.
CURRENT BOOST OPERATION The output current can be increased by connecting an external PNP transistor as shown below. The output current capability depends upon the Hfe of the external transistor. Note: The TK715xx internal short circuit protection and thermal sensor do not protect the external transistor.
VIN TK715xxS
VOUT
VIN
PARALLEL OPERATION The series resistor R is put in the input line of the low output voltage regulator in order to prevent overdissipation. The voltage dropped across the resistor reduces the large input-to-output voltage across the regulator, reducing the power dissipation in the device.
VIN TK71550 5V
3V TK71530 R 2V
TK71520
Page 12
TK715xx
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
0.7
SOT-23-3
Product Code
T Voltage Code 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 60 70 80 90
1.0
3 Marking
e 0.95
e 0.95
e1 1.90
+ 0.1
(0.3)
2.9
1.6
0.15
0.1
(0.4) 2.8
+ 0.3
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
TK71519S TK71520S TK71521S TK71522S TK71523S TK71524S TK71525S TK71526S TK71527S TK71528S TK71529S TK71530S TK71531S TK71532S TK71533S TK71534S TK71535S TK71536S TK71537S TK71538S TK71539S TK71540S TK71541S TK71542S TK71543S TK71544S TK71545S TK71546S TK71547S TK71548S TK71549S TK71550S TK71560S TK71570S TK71580S TK71590S
e1
2.4
1.4 max
1.1
0 - 0.1
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
+ 0.1
15
max.
Page 13
Printed in the USA
TK716xx
LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR FEATURES
s s s s s s s s s s Available in 2.0 % or 1.0 % Output Tolerance Active High On/Off Control Very Low Quiescent Current Very Low Dropout Voltage Reverse Bias Protection Miniature Package (SOT-23-5) Short Circuit Switch High Ripple Rejection Very High Output Impedance (Output Off) Very Low Noise
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s s s Battery Powered Systems Cellular Telephones Pagers Personal Communications Equipment Portable Instrumentation Portable Consumer Equipment Radio Control Systems Toys Low Voltage Systems
DESCRIPTION
The TK716xx is a low dropout linear regulator housed in a small SOT-23-5 package, rated at 500 mW. The device is in the on state when the control pin is pulled to a logic high level. An internal PNP pass transistor is used to achieve a low dropout voltage of 90 mV (typ.) at 50 mA load current. This device offers high precision output voltage of 2.0 % or 1.0 %. The low quiescent current and dropout voltage make this part ideal for battery powered applications. This part incorporates an output disconnect feature to reduce the reverse bias current in the off state to less than 50 nA. The internal reverse bias protection eliminates the requirement for a reverse voltage protection diode, saving cost and board space. The high 60 dB ripple rejection (400 Hz) and low noise provide enhanced performance for critical applications. An external capacitor can be connected to the noise bypass pin to lower the output noise level to 30 Vrms. TK716xx
VOUT
20 P
NOISE BYPASS
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ORDERING INFORMATION
VIN CONTROL CIRCUIT CONSTANT CURRENT SOURCE THERMAL AND OVERCURRENT PROTECTION BANDGAP REFERENCE DISCONNECT CIRCUIT
VOUT
CONTROL
TEMPERATURE CODE
C: Standard Temp. Range I: Extended Temp. Range
PACKAGE CODE
S: SOT-23-5
GND
TOLERANCE CODE
H: 1 % Output Voltage Tolerance
NOISE BYPASS
Page 1
TK716xx
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 16 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 500 mW Reverse Bias Voltage ................................................. 6 V Control Terminal Voltage ......................................... 12 V Noise Bypass Terminal Voltage ................................. 5 V Operating Voltage Range ............................... 1.8 to 12 V Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature (Ambient) Range TK716xxSCL, TK716xxSCLH .................-30 to +80 C TK716xxSIL ............................................ -40 to +85 C Junction Temperature (Operating) ........................ 125 C Junction Temperature (Shutdown) ........................ 150 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Current Control Voltage ON Control Voltage OFF VOUT = 1.6 V, Output ON Output ON Output OFF 1.6 0.6 10 A V V
Note 1: Power dissipation is 500 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 4.0 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Gen Note: Exceeding the Absolute Maximum Ratings may damage the device. Gen Note: Parameters with min. or max. values are 100% tested at TA = 25 C. Gen Note: Ripple rejection is @ 60 dB when f = 400 Hz, CL = 10 F, CN = 0.1 F, input noise = 100 mVrms, VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1.5 V and IOUT = 30 mA. Gen Note: Output noise is 0.13 ~ 0.23 V/ Hz at 1 kHz when CN = 0.1 F. Gen Note: Parameters with min. or max. values are 100% tested at TA = 25 C.
Page 2
TK716xx
TK716SCL ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TABLE 1
Test Conditions: VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1 V, IOUT = 5 mA, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
Output Voltage 2.0 V 2.1 V 2.2 V 2.3 V 2.4 V 2.5 V 2.6 V 2.7 V 2.8 V 2.9 V 3.0 V 3.1 V 3.2 V 3.3 V 3.4 V 3.5 V Voltage Code 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 VOUT(MIN) 1.940 V 2.040 V 2.140 V 2.240 V 2.340 V 2.440 V 2.540 V 2.640 V 2.740 V 2.840 V 2.940 V 3.038 V 3.136 V 3.234 V 3.332 V 3.430 V VOUT(MAX) 2.060 V 2.160 V 2.260 V 2.360 V 2.460 V 2.560 V 2.660 V 2.760 V 2.860 V 2.960 V 3.060 V 3.162 V 3.264 V 3.366 V 3.468 V 3.570 V Output Voltage 3.6 V 3.7 V 3.8 V 3.9 V 4.0 V 4.1 V 4.2 V 4.3 V 4.4 V 4.5 V 4.6 V 4.7 V 4.8 V 4.9 V 5.0 V Voltage Code 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 VOUT(MIN) 3.528 V 3.626 V 3.724 V 3.822 V 3.920 V 4.018 V 4.116 V 4.214 V 4.312 V 4.410 V 4.508 V 4.606 V 4.704 V 4.802 V 4.900 V VOUT(MAX) 3.672 V 3.774 V 3.876 V 3.978 V 4.080 V 4.182 V 4.284 V 4.386 V 4.488 V 4.590 V 4.692 V 4.794 V 4.896 V 5.008 V 5.100 V
Page 3
TK716xx
TK716xxSIL ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test conditions: VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1 V, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL IQ ISTBY IREV IGND IOUT IOUT(PULSE) VOUT VOUT /T Line Reg PARAMETER Quiescent Current Standby Current Reverse Bias Current GND Pin Current Continuous Output Current Pulse Output Current Output Voltage Temperature Coefficient Line Regulation VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1 V to VOUT(TYP) + 6 V 1 mA < IOUT < 50 mA 1 mA < IOUT < 100 mA IOUT = 50 mA VDROP Dropout Voltage IOUT = 100 mA IOUT = 150 mA Vref Noise Bypass Terminal Voltage 10 ms pulse, Duty Cycle = 40 % VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1 V, IOUT = 5 mA See Table 3 20 2 4 7 90 150 200 1.26 17 20 30 160 240 310 TEST CONDITIONS IOUT = 0 mA, Excluding ICONT VIN = 8 V, Output OFF VIN = 0 V, VREV = 5 V, Output OFF IOUT = 50 mA 1 1 MIN TYP 70 MAX 100 0.2 70 2. 0 150 200 UNITS A A nA mA mA mA V ppm/ C mV mV mV mV mV mV V
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Current Control Voltage ON Control Voltage OFF VOUT = 1.6 V, Output ON Output ON Output OFF 1.8 0.4 10 A V V
Gen Note: Exceeding the Absolute Maximum Ratings may damage the device. Gen Note: Parameters with min. or max. values are 100% tested at TA = 25 C. Gen Note: Ripple rejection is @ 60 dB when f = 400 Hz, CL = 10 F, CN = 0.1 F, input noise = 100 mVrms, VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1.5 V and IOUT = 30 mA. Gen Note: Output noise is 0.13 ~ 0.23 V/ Hz at 1 kHz when CN = 0.1 F. Gen Note: Parameters with min. or max. values are 100% tested at TA = 25 C.
Page 4
TK716xx
TK716SIL ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TABLE 3
Test Conditions: VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1 V, IOUT = 5 mA, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
Room Temp. Range (TA = 25 C) VOUT(MIN) VOUT(MAX) 2.360 V 2.460 V 2.560 V 2.660 V 2.760 V 2.860 V 2.960 V 3.060 V 3.160 V 3.260 V 3.360 V 3.460 V 3.560 V 3.660 V 3.760 V 3.860 V 3.960 V 4.059 V 4.158 V 4.257 V 4.356 V 4.455 V 4.554 V 4.653 V 4.752 V 4.851 V 4.950 V 2.440 V 2.540 V 2.640 V 2.740 V 2.840 V 2.940 V 3.040 V 3.140 V 3.240 V 3.340 V 3.440 V 3.540 V 3.640 V 3.740 V 3.840 V 3.940 V 4.040 V 4.141 V 4.242 V 4.343 V 4.444 V 4.545 V 4.646 V 4.747 V 4.848 V 5.049 V 5.050 V Full Temp. Range (TA = -40 to +85 C) VOUT(MIN) VOUT(MAX) 2.320 V 2.420 V 2.520 V 2.620 V 2.720 V 2.820 V 3.920 V 3.020 V 3.120 V 3.220 V 3.320 V 3.420 V 3.520 V 3.620 V 3.720 V 3.820 V 3.920 V 4.009 V 4.108 V 4.197 V 4.306 V 4.405 V 4.504 V 4.603 V 4.702 V 4.801 V 4.900 V 2.480 V 2.580 V 2.680 V 2.780 V 2.880 V 2.980 V 3.080 V 3.180 V 3.280 V 3.380 V 3.480 V 3.580 V 3.680 V 3.780 V 3.880 V 3.980 V 4.090 V 4.191 V 4.292 V 4.893 V 4.494 V 4.595 V 4.496 V 4.497 V 4.898 V 5.099 V 5.100 V
Output Voltage 2.4 V 2.5 V 2.6 V 2.7 V 2.8 V 2.9 V 3.0 V 3.1 V 3.2 V 3.3 V 3.4 V 3.5 V 3.6 V 3.7 V 3.8 V 3.9 V 4.0 V 4.1 V 4.2 V 4.3 V 4.4 V 4.5 V 4.6 V 4.7 V 4.8 V 4.9 V 5.0 V
Voltage Code 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
Page 5
TK716xx
TEST CIRCUIT
IIN VIN + + VIN VOUT + IOUT VOUT
CIN = 1.0 F
GND
CONT
VOUT (V)
VOUT TYPICAL
4 3 2 1 0
IOUT = 150 mA
50
100
150
300
IOUT (mA)
DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 4 0 -50 VDROP (mV) -100 -150 -200 -250 0 100 IOUT (mA) 200 0
IRLEAK (nA)
REVERSE LEAKAGE CURRENT VS. TEMPERATURE VIN, VCONT FLOATING VOUT = 5 V SOURCE 3
10 VIN (V)
20
25
50 TA (C)
75
100
Page 6
TK716xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
IE-3
IE-6
IREV (A)
IREV (A)
IE-6
IE-9
IE-9
IE-9 IE-12 IE-12 0 5 VREV (V) QUIESCENT CURRENT (ON MODE) VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 2.0 IOUT = 0 mA 5.0 10 0 25 50 TA (C) CONTROL CURRENT (ON MODE) VS. CONTROL PIN VOLTAGE IOUT = 0 mA 75 100
IE-10
IE-11 IE-12
10 VIN (V)
20
GROUND CURRENT
4 ICONT (A)
IQ (mA)
VOUT 2.5
1.0
VOUT = 4 V VOUT = 5 V
IGND (mA)
VOUT = 3 V
IOUT = 90 mA
IOUT = 60 mA IOUT = 30 mA
10 VIN (V)
20
2.5 VCONT(V)
0 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
CONTROL CURRENT
340 4
200
ICONT (A)
IOUT (mA)
IOUT = 90 mA 150 IOUT = 60 mA 100 IOUT = 30 mA 50 IOUT = 1mA 0 -50 0 TA (C) 50 100
0 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
-50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 7
TK716xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
OUTPUT NOISE DENSITY IOUT = 30 mA CL = 2.2 F CNP = 0.001 F CNP = 0.01 F 0.1 CNP = 0.1 F
10
VOUT/ T (ppm)
RR (dB)
1.0
CL = 3.3 F CN = 0.01 F
CL = 3.3 F CN = 0.1 F
-100 0.01
0.1
1 f (kHz)
10
100
0 100
IK f (Hz)
10 K
100 K
OUTPUT VOLTAGE RESPONSE 2 (OFF ~ ON) ILOAD = 30 mA, CL = 3.3 F VCONT CN = 1000 pF
CL = 2.2 F CL = 3.3 F
CL = 2.2 F
CL = 4.7 F CL = 3.3 F
CN = 0.1 F CN = 0.01 F
VOUT
CL = 10 F 0 20 40 TIME (s) 60 80
VOUT 0
200
600
800
CN
LINE VOLTAGE STEP RESPONSE 1 VOUT +2 V VOUT +1 V VOUT VIN VOUT VIN VOUT (10 mV/ DIV) CN = 0.001 F, CL = 2.2 F VOUT (10 mV/ DIV)
IOUT
CN = 0.01 F, CL = 2.2 F
IOUT = 30 to 60 mA
VOUT
VOUT
VOUT
IOUT = 5 to 35 mA
CN = 0.01 F, CL = 2.2 F
CN = 0.01 F, CL = 10 F
IOUT = 0 to 30 mA
Page 8
TK716xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
IOUT
CN = 0.01 F, CL = 2.2 F
1.5
VCONT (V) IOUT (mA)
300 OUTPUT ON
IOUT = 35 to 5 mA IOUT = 60 to 30 mA
200
VOUT
100
IOUT = 30 to 0 mA
0 0
TIME (2.5 s/ DIV)
DROPOUT CHARACTERISTICS
VCONT = 5.0 V
30
3.0 2.0 1.0 VCONT = 2.0 V 0 0 25 50 TA (C) GROUND CURRENT VS. INPUT SUPPLY VOLTAGE (VOUT = 3.6 V) 4 75 100
20
IOUT = 0 mA
10
IOUT = 80 mA VIN = VOUT VIN (1 V/ DIV)
0.9
40
50
120
160 200
IOUT (mA) INSTANTANEOUS SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT VS. TEMPERATURE 400 VIN = VOUT +1 CL = 2.2 F TANTALUM 300
ISC (mA)
3
IGND (mA) IGND (mA)
2 IOUT= 50 mA 1 IOUT = 0 mA 0 0 1 2 3 4 5
200
100
25
50 TA (C)
75
100
VIN (V)
Page 9
TK716xx
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VOUT) The output voltage is specified with VIN = (VOUT(TYP) + 1 V) and IOUT = 5 mA. DROPOUT VOLTAGE (VDROP) The dropout voltage is the difference between the input voltage and the output voltage at which point the regulator starts to fall out of regulation. Below this value, the output voltage will fall as the input voltage is reduced. It is dependent upon the load current and the junction temperature. CONTINUOUS OUTPUT CURRENT (IOUT) Normal operating output current. This is limited by package power dissipation. PULSE OUTPUT CURRENT (IOUT (PULSE)) Maximum pulse width 10 ms; duty cycle is 40%: pulse load only. LINE REGULATION (Line Reg) Line regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the input voltage changes. The line regulation is specified as the input voltage is changed from VIN = VOUT + 1 V to VIN = VOUT + 6 V. LOAD REGULATION (Load Reg) Load regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the load current changes. It is a pulsed measurement to minimize temperature effects with the input voltage set to VIN = VOUT +1 V. The load regulation is specified under three output current step conditions of 1 mA to 50 mA, 1 mA to 100 mA and 1 mA to 150 mA. QUIESCENT CURRENT (IQ) The quiescent current is the current which flows through the ground terminal under no load conditions (IOUT = 0 mA). GROUND CURRENT (IGND) Ground Current is the current which flows through the ground pin(s). It is defined as IIN - IOUT, excluding control current. Page 10 January 1999 TOKO, Inc. RIPPLE REJECTION RATIO (RR) Ripple rejection is the ability of the regulator to attenuate the ripple content of the input voltage at the output. It is specified with 100 mVrms, 400 Hz superimposed on the input voltage, where VIN = VOUT + 1.5 V. The output decoupling capacitor is set to 10 F, the noise bypass capacitor is set to 0.1 F, and the load current is set to 30 mA. Ripple rejection is the ratio of the ripple content of the output vs. the input and is expressed in dB. STANDBY CURRENT (ISTBY) Standby current is the current which flows into the regulator when the output is turned off by the control function (VCONT = 0 V). It is measured with VIN = 8 V. SENSOR CIRCUITS Overcurrent Sensor The overcurrent sensor protects the device if the output is shorted to ground. Thermal Sensor The thermal sensor protects the device if the junction temperature exceeds the safe value (Tj = 150 C). This temperature rise can be caused by extreme heat, excessive power dissipation caused by large output voltage drops, or excessive output current. The regulator will shut off when the temperature exceeds the safe value. As the junction temperature decreases, the regulator will begin to operate again. Under sustained fault conditions, the regulator output will oscillate as the device turns off then resets. Damage may occur to the device under extreme fault conditions. Reverse Voltage Protection Reverse voltage protection prevents damage due to the output voltage being higher than the input voltage. This fault condition can occur when the output capacitor remains charged and the input is reduced to zero, or when an external voltage higher than the input voltage is applied to the output side.
TK716xx
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS (CONT.)
PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION (PD) This is the power dissipation level at which the thermal sensor is activated. The IC contains an internal thermal sensor which monitors the junction temperature. When the junction temperature exceeds the monitor threshold of 150 C, the IC is shut down. The junction temperature rises as the difference between the input power (VIN x IIN) and the output power (VOUT x IOUT) increases. The rate of temperature rise is greatly affected by the mounting pad configuration on the PCB, the board material, and the ambient temperature. When the IC mounting has good thermal conductivity, the junction temperature will be low even if the power dissipation is great. When mounted on the recommended mounting pad, the power dissipation of the SOT-23-5 is increased to 500 mW. For operation at ambient temperatures over 25 C, the power dissipation of the SOT-23-5 device should be derated at 4.0 mW/ C. To determine the power dissipation for shutdown when mounted, attach the device on the actual PCB and deliberately increase the output current (or raise the input voltage) until the thermal protection circuit is activated. Calculate the power dissipation of the device by subtracting the output power from the input power. These measurements should allow for the ambient temperature of the PCB. The value obtained from PD /(150 C - TA) is the derating factor. The PCB mounting pad should provide maximum thermal conductivity in order to maintain low device temperatures. As a general rule, the lower the temperature, the better the reliability of the device. The thermal resistance when mounted is expressed as follows: Tj = 0jA x PD + TA
500
The range of usable currents can also be found from the graph below.
(mW) PD 3
DPD
6 4 5
25
50
75 TA (C)
150
Procedure: 1) 2) 3) 4) Find PD PD1 is taken to be PD x (~0.8 - 0.9) Plot PD1 against 25 C Connect PD1 to the point corresponding to the 150 C with a straight line. 5) In design, take a vertical line from the maximum operating temperature (e.g., 75 C) to the derating curve. 6) Read off the value of PD against the point at which the vertical line intersects the derating curve. This is taken as the maximum power dissipation, DPD. The maximum operating current is: IOUT = (DPD / (VIN(MAX) - VOUT)
PD (mW)
For Toko ICs, the internal limit for junction temperature is 150 C. If the ambient temperature (TA) is 25 C, then: 150 C = 0jA x PD + 25 C 0jA = 125 C / PD
MOUNTED AS SHOWN
FREE AIR
PD is the value when the thermal protection circuit is activated. A simple way to determine PD is to calculate VIN x IIN when the output side is shorted. Input current gradually falls as temperature rises. You should use the value when thermal equilibrium is reached.
50 TA (C)
100
150
TK716xx
APPLICATION INFORMATION
INPUT-OUTPUT CAPACITORS Linear regulators require input and output capacitors in order to maintain regulator loop stability. The recommended minimum value of the input capacitor is 0.22 F. The output capacitor should be selected within the Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) range as shown in the graphs below for stable operation. When a ceramic capacitor is connected in parallel with the output capacitor, a maximum of 1000 pF is recommended. This is because the ceramic capacitor's electrical characteristics (capacitance and ESR) vary widely over temperature. If a large ceramic capacitor is used, a resistor should be connected in series with it to bring it into the stable operating area shown in the graphs below. Minimum resistance should be added to maintain load and line transient response. Note: It is very important to check the selected manufacturers electrical characteristics (capacitance and ESR) over temperature.
TK716xxS CL ESR
TK716xxS CL ESR
Note: It is not necessary to connect a ceramic capacitor in parallel with an aluminum or tantalum output capacitor.
CL = 1 F
100 100
CL = 2.2 F
100
CL = 3.3 F
100
CL = 10 F
10
10
10
10
ESR ()
ESR ()
ESR ()
ESR ()
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Page 12
TK716xx
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
In general, the capacitor should be at least 1 F (aluminum electrolytic) and be rated for the actual ambient operating temperature range. The table below shows typical characteristics for several types and values of capacitance. Please note that the ESR varies widely depending upon manufacturer, type, size, and material.
BOARD LAYOUT
Page 13
TK716xx
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
REVERSE BIAS PROTECTION The internal reverse bias protection eliminates the requirement for a reverse voltage protection diode. This saves both cost and board space. The high output voltage accuracy and low dropout voltage are maintained when the IC is turned ON/OFF by using the control pin as illustrated below.
VIN
VIN TK716xxS
VOUT
VIN
GND
Another reverse bias protection technique is illustrated below. The extra diode and extra capacitor are not necessary with the TK716xx. The high output voltage accuracy is maintained because the diode forward voltage variations over temperature and load current have been eliminated.
High-side switching with a FET is illustrated below. Battery life is extended by the dropout voltage of the FET when the input of the TK716xx is connected in front of the FET switch.
VOLTAGE BACKUP OPERATION (HOLDUP TIME) C L becomes the backup power supply when the microprocessor is reset with the voltage detector IC simultaneously with the turning OFF the TK716xx. CL provides the holdup time necessary to do an orderly shutdown of the microprocessor.
HIGH-SIDE SWITCHING High-side switching should not be implemented by an external transistor as shown below. This results in additional voltage drop and loss of accuracy.
VIN
VDROP
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
ON/OFF CONTROL
Page 14
TK716xx
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
PARALLEL ON/OFF CONTROL The figure below illustrates multiple regulators being controlled by a single ON/OFF control signal. The series resistor R is put in the input line of the low output voltage regulator in order to prevent overdissipation. The voltage dropped across the resistor reduces the large input-tooutput voltage across the regulator, reducing the power dissipation in the device.
VIN TK71650 5V
VIN VOUT
TK716xx
CURRENT BOOST OPERATION The output current can be increased by connecting an external PNP transistor as shown below. The output current capability depends upon the Hfe of the external transistor. Note: The TK716xx internal short circuit protection and thermal sensor do not protect the external transistor.
3V TK71630 R 2V
TK71620
ON/OFF CONTROL
SWITCHING OPERATION Even though the input voltages or the output voltages are different, the outputs of the TK716xx regulators can be connected together, and the output voltages switched. If two or more TK716xx regulators are turned ON simultaneously, the highest output voltage will be present.
VIN
VCONT
TK71630
TK71628 VCONT
ON/OFF LOGIC
The outputs of the TK716xx regulator and a CMOS regulator can be connected together as long as the output voltage of the TK716xx is greater than the CMOS regulator. When the TK716xx is OFF, the CMOS regulator is turned ON. When the TK716xx is ON, the CMOS regulator is turned OFF.
Page 15
TK716xx
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
Part Number
0.7
SOT-23-5
Marking
L20 L21 L22 L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 L29 L30 L31 L32 L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45 L46 L47 L48 L49 L50
e 0.95 e'
e 0.95 1.90
3 0.4
+0.15 -0.05
0.95
e 0.95
0.1
2.9
TK71620 TK71621 TK71622 TK71623 TK71624 TK71625 TK71626 TK71627 TK71628 TK71629 TK71630 TK71631 TK71632 TK71633 TK71634 TK71635 TK71636 TK71637 TK71638 TK71639 TK71640 TK71641 TK71642 TK71643 TK71644 TK71645 TK71646 TK71647 TK71648 TK71649 TK71650
1.4 max
(0.6)
1.6
1.1
(0.8)
0.15 - 0.05
0 - 0.1
+0.15
e1 2.4
0.3
0.1
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 16
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-216-TK716xx 0798O0.0K
0 - 15
2.8
max
TK732xx
LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR FEATURES
s Up to 5 A Output Current Capability With External PNP Transistor s Internal Short Circuit Protection s Excellent Load Regulation s CMOS/TTL-Compatible On/Off Switch s Internal Reverse Bias Current Protection Switch s Internal Thermal Shutdown s Broad Operating Voltage Range s High Impedance VSENSE Pin (Off Mode) s Continuous and Pulsed Current Modes
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s s s s Battery Powered Systems Cellular/Cordless Telephones Radio Control Systems Wireless Communications Systems Portable Instrumentations Portable Computers Personal Digital Assistants Local Area Network (LAN) Receivers Lithium Ion Battery Chargers Power Recovery for Microprocessors
DESCRIPTION
The TK732xx is a controller IC for a low dropout voltage regulator. The TK732xx and the external PNP power transistor provide standard output voltages from 2 to 11 V and output current from 100 mA to 5 A. By utilizing an external PNP power transistor, low dropout voltage at high current can be readily achieved. The internal electronic switch can be controlled by TTL or CMOS logic levels. The device is in the on state when the control pin is pulled to a high logic level. A pin for a bypass capacitor, which connects to the internal circuitry, is provided to lower the overall output noise level. The current limit characteristics can be configured as continuous (constant current) or pulsed (cycling). An internal thermal shutdown circuit limits the junction temperatures to below 150 C. In the off mode, the output of the regulator becomes a high impedance. This prevents the output capacitor from being rapidly discharged for backup to the load.
TK732xx
BASE
VSENSE GND
CPULSE VIN
IPK
BLOCK DIAGRAM
VIN IPK CPULSE BASE VSENSE
ORDERING INFORMATION
TK732
Voltage Code Package Code
VOLTAGE CODE
20 = 2.0 V * 21 = 2.1 V * 22 = 2.2 V * 23 = 2.3 V * 24 = 2.4 V 25 = 2.5 V 26 = 2.6 V 27 = 2.7 V 28 = 2.8 V 29 = 2.9 V 30 = 3.0 V 31 = 3.1 V 32 = 3.2 V 33 = 3.3 V 34 = 3.4 V 35 = 3.5 V 36 = 3.6 V 37 = 3.7 V 38 = 3.8 V 39 = 3.9 V 40 = 4.0 V 41 = 4.1 V 42 = 4.2 V 43 = 4.3 V
M L
Grade Tape/Reel Code Temp. Code
TAPE/REEL CODE PACKAGE CODE
ON/OFF CIRCUIT
THERMAL SENSOR
CONTROL
M: SOT-23L-8 44 = 4.4 V L: Tape Left 45 = 4.5 V 46 = 4.6 V GRADE TEMP. RANGE 47 = 4.7 V None: Standard 2% C: -30 to 80 C ** 48 = 4.8 V I : -40 to 85 C H: High (Special) *** 49 = 4.9 V 50 = 5.0 V 55 = 5.5 V * * Unavailable with I Rank Specified 70 = 7.0 V * ** unless Otherwise TK73242MCLH Available Only *** TK73241MCLH, 80 = 8.0 V 11 = 11.0 V
GND
NOISE BYPASS
Page 1
TK732xx
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (STANDARD DEVICES) (NOTE 6)
Supply Voltage Range ............................................ 19 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 600 mW Reverse Bias Voltage Range ..................................... 6 V Noise Bypass Pin Terminal Voltage Range ............... 5 V Control Pin Terminal Voltage Range ........................ 14 V Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ...................-30 to +80 C Extended Temperature Range ................... -40 to +85 C Operating Voltage Range ............................ 1.8 to 14.0 V Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
RR
Ripple Rejection
57
dB
VNO IPULSE
0.13 25 20 1.25 45
V/ Hz A ppm/ C V
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Page 2 Control Current Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) VCONT = 1.8 V, Output ON Output ON Output OFF 1.8 0.6 6.5 20 A V V
TK732xx
TK732xx ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (STANDARD DEVICES) CONT.
Note 1: Power dissipation is 600 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 4.8 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Note 2: Refer to :Definition of Terms. Note 3: Ripple rejection and noise voltage are affected by the value and characteristics of the capacitor used. Note 4: This pin is used for Pulse Current Limit Mode. When selecting Continuous Current Limit Mode, this pin is connected to GND. Note 5: Not applicable for VOUT > 4.8 V. Note 6: The voltage applied to any pin must be greater than -0.4 V. Gen. Note: Parameters with min. or max. values are 100% tested at TA = 25 C.
VOUT(MIN)
VOUT(MAX)
2.300 V 2.400 V 2.500 V 2.600 V 2.700 V 2.800 V 2.900 V 3.000 V 3.095 V 3.190 V 3.290 V 3.385 V 3.485 V 3.580 V 3.675 V 3.770 V 3.870 V 3.965 V 4.060 V 4.160 V 4.255 V 4.350 V 4.450 V 4.545 V 4.640 V 4.740 V 4.835 V
2.500 V 2.600 V 2.700 V 2.800 V 2.900 V 3.000 V 3.100 V 3.200 V 3.305 V 3.410 V 3.510 V 3.615 V 3.720 V 3.820 V 3.925 V 4.030 V 4.130 V 4.235 V 4.335 V 4.440 V 4.545 V 4.645 V 4.750 V 4.850 V 4.955 V 5.060 V 5.165 V
7.745 V 10.650 V
8.265 V 11.365 V
Page 3
TK732xx
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (SPECIAL DEVICES) (Note 6)
Supply Voltage Range ............................................ 19 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 600 mW Reverse Bias Voltage Range ..................................... 6 V Noise Bypass Pin Terminal Voltage Range ............... 5 V Control Pin Terminal Voltage Range ........................ 14 V Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ...................-10 to +60 C Operating Voltage Range ............................ 1.8 to 14.5 V Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
RR
Ripple Rejection
57
dB
VNO IPULSE
0.13 25 20 1.25 45
V/ Hz A ppm/ C V
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Current Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) VCONT = 1.8 V, Output ON Output ON Output OFF 1.8 0.6 6.5 20 A V V
Page 4
TK732xx
TK73241MCLH, TK73242MCLH ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS CONT.
Note 1: Power dissipation is 600 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 4.8 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Note 2: Refer to Definition of Terms. Note 3: Ripple rejection and noise voltage are affected by the value and characteristics of the capacitor used. Note 4: This pin is used for Pulse Current Limit Mode. When selecting Continuous Current Limit Mode, this pin is connected to GND. Note 5: Not applicable for VOUT > 4.8 V. Note 6: The voltage applied to any pin must be greater than -0.4 V. Gen. Note: Parameters with min. or max. values are 100% tested at TA = 25 C.
Output Voltage
Voltage Code
4.1 V 4.2 V
41 42
Page 5
TK732xx
TEST CIRCUIT
CP CN RP
VIN
Note:Transistor: 2SB1115 CN = 0.1 F CP = 0.1 F CL = 4.7 F RP = 330 k Continuous Current Limit Mode: ISET (mA) = 100 mV / RIPK () Pulse Current Limit Mode: ISET (mA) = 90 mV / RIPK ()
CIN
RIPK
TK732xx
CONT
EMITTER
BASE
EXTERNAL TRANSISTOR
CL
COLLECTOR VOUT
VOUT TYPICAL
10 VIN (V)
20
10 VIN (V)
20
1000
QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. OUTPUT VOLTAGE 5 4 IQ (mA) 3 VOUT = 5.0 V 2 1 0 0 10 VIN (V) 20 0 0 -100 VDROP (mV) -200 -300 -400
DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT VOLTAGE 5 2SB799 2SB1115 2SB1114 2SB1302 IGND (mA) 4 3 2 1 0
VOUT = 3.0 V
1000
1000
Page 6
TK732xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, external transistor is 2SB1115(NEC), unless otherwise specified.
BASE CURRENT DRIVE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE
CURRENT LIMIT DETECTOR VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE CONTINUOUS CURRENT LIMIT MODE 100 100
V (mV)
IB (mA)
1E-9
RIPPLE REJECTION
CN = NONE
VIN 732xx VOUT
1E-6
RR (dB)
IQ (A)
-40 -60
CN = 0.01 F
VCONT CN RCONT
CL 4.7 F
1E-9
-80
CN = 0.1 F
RIPPLE REJECTION CIRCUIT
20
-100 0.01
0.1
1 f (kHz)
10
100
30 20 10 0 -50 VCONT = 2 V
1.0
0 TA (C)
50
100
-50
0 TA (C)
50
100
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 7
TK732xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, external transistor is 2SB1115(NEC), unless otherwise specified.
50 40
VCONT (V)
VOUT RCONT = 0 k
ON/OFF CONTROL
30 20 10
RCONT = 100 k
CL = 22 F 100
CL = 4.7 F OR 10 F
CL = 4.7 F CN = NONE
10 0.001
0.01 CN (F)
0.1
10
VOUT
0
10
20
30
ICONT (A)
TIME (s)
VIN
VOUT + 1 V
CN = NONE CN = 0.1 F
VOUT
IOUT = 50 mA
TIME (s)
Page 8
TK732xx
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VOUT) The output voltage is specified with VIN = (VOUT(TYP) + 1 V) and IOUT = 30 mA. DROPOUT VOLTAGE (VDROP) The dropout voltage is the difference between the input voltage and the output voltage at which point the regulator starts to fall out of regulation. Below this value, the output voltage will fall as the input voltage is reduced. It is dependent upon the load current, the external transistor and the junction temperature. BASE CONTROL CURRENT (IBASE) The base control current is the drive current for the base of the external transistor. OUTPUT CURRENT (IOUT) The output current depends on the characteristics of the external transistor and current limit setting. LINE REGULATION (Line Reg) Line regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the input voltage changes. The line regulation is specified as the input voltage is changed from VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1 V to VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 6 V.
EMITTER
RIPPLE REJECTION RATIO (RR) Ripple rejection is the ability of the regulator to attenuate the ripple content of the input voltage at the output. It is specified with 100 mVrms, 400 Hz superimposed on the input voltage, where VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1.5 V. The output decoupling capacitor is set to 10 F, the noise bypass capacitor is set to 0.1 F, and the load current is set to 30 mA. Ripple rejection is the ratio of the ripple content of the output vs. the input and is expressed in dB. STANDBY CURRENT (ISTBY) Standby current is the current which flows into the regulator when the output is turned off by the control function (VCONT = 0 V). It is measured with VIN = 8 V (9 V for the 8 V output device). REMOTE SENSING (VSENSE) The VSENSE pin is the output voltage sensing pin. If the voltage drop to the load caused by the PCB etch resistance cannot be disregarded, the voltage drop can be compensated by connecting the VSENSE pin as shown below.
COLLECTOR
EXTERNAL TRANSISTOR
VOUT BASE
LOAD REGULATION (Load Reg) Load regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the load current changes. It is a pulsed measurement to minimize temperature effects. Load regulation depends on the external transistor. QUIESCENT CURRENT (IQ) The quiescent current is the current which flows through the ground terminal under no load conditions (IOUT = 0 mA) and excludes the control pin current. The length of the VSENSE etch should be limited to 30 cm (11.8 in.) maximum.
RIPK CL
TK732XX
GROUND CURRENT (IGND) Ground current is the current which flows through the ground pin(s). It is defined as IIN - IOUT, excluding control current. January 1999 TOKO, Inc. Page 9
TK732xx
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS (CONT.)
SENSOR CIRCUITS Overcurrent Sensor The overcurrent sensor protects the device if the output is shorted to ground. Thermal Sensor The thermal sensor protects the device if the junction temperature exceeds the safe value (Tj = 150 C). This temperature rise can be caused by extreme heat, excessive power dissipation caused by large output voltage drops, or excessive output current. The regulator will shut off when the temperature exceeds the safe value. As the junction temperature decreases, the regulator will begin to operate again. Under sustained fault conditions, the regulator output will oscillate as the device turns off then resets. Damage may occur to the device under extreme fault conditions. Reverse Voltage Protection Reverse voltage protection prevents damage due to the output voltage being higher than the input voltage. This fault condition can occur when the output capacitor remains charged and the input is reduced to zero, or when an external voltage higher than the input voltage is applied to the output side. PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION (PD) This is the power dissipation level at which the thermal sensor is activated. The IC contains an internal thermal sensor which monitors the junction temperature. When the junction temperature exceeds the monitor threshold of 150 C, the IC is shut down. The junction temperature rises as the difference between the input power (VIN x IIN) and the output power (VOUT x IOUT) increases. The rate of temperature rise is greatly affected by the mounting pad configuration on the PCB, the board material, and the ambient temperature. When the IC mounting has good thermal conductivity, the junction temperature will be low even if the power dissipation is great. When mounted on the recommended mounting pad, the power dissipation of the SOT-23L-8 is increased to 600 mW. For operation at ambient temperatures over 25 C, the power dissipation of the SOT-23L-8 device should be derated at 4.8 mW/C. To determine the power dissipation for shutdown when mounted, attach the device on the actual PCB and Page 10 deliberately increase the output current (or raise the input voltage) until the thermal protection circuit is activated. Calculate the power dissipation of the device by subtracting the output power from the input power. These measurements should allow for the ambient temperature of the PCB. The value obtained from PD /(150 C - TA) is the derating factor. The PCB mounting pad should provide maximum thermal conductivity in order to maintain low device temperatures. As a general rule, the lower the temperature, the better the reliability of the device. The thermal resistance when mounted is expressed as follows:
Tj = 0jA x PD + TA For Toko ICs, the internal limit for junction temperature is 150 C. If the ambient temperature (TA) is 25 C, then: 150 C = 0jA x PD + 25 C 0jA = 125 C / PD PD is the value when the thermal sensor is activated. A simple way to determine PD is to calculate VIN x IIN when the output side is shorted. Input current gradually falls as temperature rises. You should use the value when thermal equilibrium is reached. The range of usable currents can also be found from the graph below.
(mW) PD 3
DPD
6 4 5
25
50
75 TA (C)
150
TK732xx
DEFINITIONS AND TERMS (CONT.)
3) Plot PD1 against 25 C 4) Connect PD1 to the point corresponding to the 150 C with a straight line. 5) In design, take a vertical line from the maximum operating temperature (e.g., 75 C) to the derating curve. 6) Read off the value of PD against the point at which the vertical line intersects the derating curve. This is taken as the maximum power dissipation, DPD. The maximum operating current is: IOUT = (DPD / (VIN(MAX) - VOUT)
750 600 PD (mW) 450 FREE AIR 300 150 0 0 50 TA (C)
GND RIPK GND
APPLICATION INFORMATION
INPUT-OUTPUT CAPACITORS The output capacitor is necessary for stable operation. The regulator may oscillate if the output capacitor is too small or missing. The output capacitor size is determined by load, transient response and external transistor used. Evaluation in the circuit is recommended to ensure performance requirements are satisfied. A minimum of 4.7 F is necessary for stability, with twice that value recommended. The minimum recommended input capacitor is 1 F. Problems do not occur with larger values of capacitance. However, extremely low ESR may result in unstable operation. Thus, the use of large value ceramic capacitors is not recommended on the output. BOARD LAYOUT
MOUNTED AS SHOWN
CONTROL
VOUT
100
150
VIN
Page 11
TK732xx
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
PULSE CURRENT LIMIT MODE
CP RP 330 k VIN CN
CONT
TK732xx VCONT
EMITTER
GND
EXTERNAL TRANSISTOR
CL
COLLECTOR VOUT
COLLECTOR VOUT
The equation for the pulse output current limit is as follows: ISET (mA) = 90 (mV) / RIPK ()
In the continuous current limit mode, the CPULSE pin (pin 3) is directly connected to ground. The output current limit is set by RIPK according to the following equation: ISET (mA) = 100 (mV) / RIPK ()
VOUT
IOUT
During the initial turn-on, charge (surge) current flows to the output capacitor. This IC has a possibility for the current limit to operate and to turn off the output by the charge current of the output capacitor. Therefore, the relationship between CL and CP is set as shown in the graph below:
1000
If the continuous current limit mode is also used for output short circuit protection, the ISET value is set 50% to 100% more than the maximum operating current. The current transistor is selected from the ISET value. The output voltage drops when the output current exceeds the ISET value. However, the output voltage returns to normal once the output current decreases below the ISET value.
100
CL (F)
10
STABLE REGION
1 0.01
0.1 CP (F)
10
Page 12
TK732xx
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
EXTERNAL PNP POWER TRANSISTOR This IC can use any kind of external transistor. The external transistor selection is a function of the load current, Hfe and power dissipation. See following chart:
RECOMMENDED EXTERNAL TRANSISTOR 2SB624, 2SB1115, 2SB799 (NEC), 2SB970 (Matushita) 2SB1115, 2SB799 (NEC) 2SB1114, 2SB1115 (NEC), 2SB1302 (Sanyo), 2SA1203, 2SA1213, 2SA1734 (Toshiba) 2SA1242, 2SA1736 (Toshiba), 2SB1302, 2SA1896 (Sanyo) 2SA1451, 2SA1242 (Toshiba) 2SA1451 (Toshiba), 2SA1645 (NEC) 2SA1451 (Toshiba), 2SB904 (Sanyo), 2SA1645 (NEC)
RECOMMENDED RIPK () 0.33 ~ 0.39 0.22 ~ 0.27 0.12 ~ 0.15 0.056 ~ 0.068 0.033 ~ 0.039 0.022 ~ 0.027 0.012 ~ 0.015
HIGH-SIDE SWITCHING
VDROP
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
VOUT
ON/OFF CONTROL
High-side switching should not be implemented by an external transistor as shown above. This results in additional voltage drop and loss of accuracy.
VOUT
The high output voltage accuracy and low dropout voltage are maintained when the IC is turned ON/OFF by using the control pin as illustrated above. January 1999 TOKO, Inc. Page 13
TK732xx
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
VOLTAGE BACKUP OPERATION (HOLDUP TIME) OUTPUT VOLTAGE ADJUST
VOUT
VOUT
RADJ
1000 pF
RESET CL
VCONT
VSENSE
VCONT
C L becomes the backup power supply when the microprocessor is reset with the voltage detector IC simultaneously with turning OFF the TK732xx. CL provides the holdup time necessary to do an orderly shutdown of the microprocessor. PARALLEL ON/OFF CONTROL OPERATION
When a highly accurate output voltage is necessary, the output can be adjusted. As shown above, higher output resolution can be achieved by putting a resistor (RADJ) in the VSENSE pin in parallel with a 1000 pF capacitor. A value of 2 K provides an adjustment of 50 mV typically. Note: using this technique, the output voltage can only be adjusted higher. BATTERY CHARGER
VIN CONT
VIN
TK732xx
5V 5A
RIPK TK732XX BATTERY
TK11230B R
3V 100 mA
TK11220B
2V 100 mA
EMITTER
ON/OFF CONTROL
COLLECTOR
VOUT
CL
The figure above illustrates multiple regulators being controlled by a single ON/OFF control signal. The series resistor R is put in the input line of the low output voltage regulator in order to prevent overdissipation. The voltage dropped across the resistor reduces the large input-tooutput voltage across the regulator, reducing the power dissipation in the device.
Page 14
TK732xx
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
ISET (Continuous Current Limit Mode) is set to the desired charging current.
CHARGING CHARACTERISTICS
circuit condition, Tr1 is turned off. This converts the circuit into the pulse current limit mode of operation, reducing the power dissipation in the pass transistor. The transition between the continuous and pulse current limit modes can be controlled by adjusting the operating point of Tr1 by the value of resistor R.
IOUT
LITHIUM ION BATTERY CHARGER WITH OVERDISSIPATION PROTECTION OF EXTERNAL TRANSISTOR (SHORT CIRCUIT MODE)
(RECOMMENDED WITH TK732xxMCLH)
VIN
RIPK
TK732xx
LOAD
EMITTER
BASE
EXTERNAL TRANSISTOR
COLLECTOR
VOUT
CL
During normal operation, Tr1 is turned ON, connecting pin 3 (CPULSE) to ground. This provides the continuous current limit mode for normal operating conditions. During a short January 1999 TOKO, Inc. Page 15
TK732xx
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
Product Code C Voltage Code 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 55 70 80 11
SOT-23L-8
0.45
5 marking 1.0
Product Code
e 0.8
+0.3
3.5 - 0.1
(3.4) (0.3)
2.2
0.4
+ 0.3
0.15
0.1
3.3
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
TK73220 TK73221 TK73222 TK73223 TK73224 TK73225 TK73226 TK73227 TK73228 TK73229 TK73230 TK73231 TK73232 TK73233 TK73234 TK73235 TK73236 TK73237 TK73238 TK73239 TK73240 TK73241 TK73242 TK73243 TK73244 TK73245 TK73246 TK73247 TK73248 TK73249 TK73250 TK73255 TK73270 TK73280 TK73211
1.4max
e1 3.0
0 - 0.1
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 16
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-xxx-TK732xx 0798O0.0K
+0.15 - 0.15
15 max
1.2
DC-DC Converters
Select product from the list below to get detailed information.
Part Number Input Voltage Output Voltage Output Current Package Features
TK11811M TK11812M
0.6 to 14V 0.6 to 6V 1.1 to 6V 1.1 to 10V 1.1 to 8V 1.1 to 15V 1.1 to 18V 1.1 to 18V 1 to 5V 1 to 5V 2.5 to 15V 0.9 to 1.6V 0.9 to 2.5V 0.9 to 2.5V
1.9V or 2.8V 1.5 to 15V Adjustable 7.2V 12.8V 9.3V 16.8V 20.4V 28.0V 24.0V 32.0V 7.4V 13.9V -0.5 to -12.5V Adjustable 2.56 to 2.70 2.85 to 3.10 3.13 to 3.4
10 mA 35mA 6.7mA 8.0mA 6.2mA 7.0mA 6.0mA 5.0mA 5.0mA 4.0mA 430A 250A 100mA
SOT-23L SOT-23L SOT-23L SOT-23L SOT-23L SOT-23L SOT-23L SOT-23L SOT-23L SOT-23 3 SOT-23 3 SOT-23 3
Low startup voltage Low startup voltage Built in rectifier Few external parts Built in rectifier Few external parts Built in rectifier Few external parts Built in rectifier Few external parts Low noise sine wave oscillator Low noise sine wave oscillator Regulated negative voltage output Guaranteed 0.9V Operation Guaranteed 0.9V Operation Guaranteed 0.9V Operation
TK11816M
TK11817M
TK11818M
TK11819M
TK11822M
TK11823M
TK11811
DC-DC CONVERTER FEATURES
s s s s s Miniature Package (SOT-23L) Low Start-up Voltage [0.6 V (typ.)] Few External Components Selectable Output Voltage (1.9 V or 2.8 V) High and Low Current Optimized Designs
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s s Pagers Cassette Recorders Cordless Telephones Portable Instrumentation Radio Control Systems Mobile Radios Battery Operated Equipment Local Area Network (LAN) Receivers
DESCRIPTION
The TK11811 is a low power, low input voltage DC-DC converter. This device can be optimized for use in high or low current applications through component selection. The output voltage is selectable for 1.9 or 2.8 V operation and can be trimmed to any voltage in between.
20 P
TK11811
VIN FB OSC
GND
The frequency of the built-in relaxation oscillator is set by external components. The internal voltage regulator provides a stable output voltage. Optimized Toko inductor components are available. The TK11811 is available in a miniature SOT-23L surface mount package.
VOUT
BLOCK DIAGRAM
VIN FB OSC VOUT
ORDERING INFORMATION
TK11811M
Tape/Reel Code
OSCILLATOR Vref T
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left
GND
Page 1
TK11811
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Input Voltage ............................................................ 16 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 200 mW Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ...................-10 to +65 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
VOUT VOUT(LOW) IOUT Line Reg Load Reg EFF FOSC VOUT /T
Output Current
Note 1: Power dissipation is 400 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 3.2 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Power dissipation is 200 mW when in Free Air. Derate at 1.6 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Note 2: This IC is a frequency-controlled DC-DC converter; thus the value is varied by condition.
Page 2
TK11811
TEST CIRCUIT
VIN R1 10 K VIN FB Di T
C1 10 F
+ L
C2 3300 pF 1 R2 22 K
GND
OSC
VOUT VOUT + C3 10 F
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT (VOUT = 2.8 V, ILOAD = 0 mA) 5 4 3 2 1 0 1.6 V 1.0 V 0.8 V VIN = 0.6 V .5 5 IOUT (mA) 1.2 V 10 1.4 V
VOUT (V)
EFF (%)
1.4 V 1.2 V
1.2 V
1.4 V
10
10
IOUT (mA) EFFICIENCY VS. OUTPUT CURRENT (VOUT = 2.8 V) 100 1.6 V
1.4 V
VOUT (mV)
200
IIN (A)
VOUT = 2.8 V
EFF (%)
100
10
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 3
TK11811
TEST CIRCUIT
VIN R1 10 K VIN FB Di T
C1 10 F
+ L
C2 3300 pF 1 R2 22 K
GND
OSC
VOUT VOUT + C3 10 F
Note: L: Toko 395KN-0370UG Note: This test circuit is effective at low load current.
1.6 V
VOUT (V)
50
1.4 V
IIN (A)
Page 4
TK11811
TEST CIRCUIT
VIN R1 10 K C2 0.1 F C1 10 F + L 4 6 + C3 10 F Cf 3 1 R2 22 K Di VIN FB T RIPPLE FILTER Rf +
GND VOUT
OSC
VOUT
L: Toko 395KN-0369AQ
Note: This test circuit is effective at high load currents. By changing C2 from 3300pF to 0.1 F, the converter operates in the burst mode. The apparent frequency of operation drops (70 to 100 kHz) and a larger output ripple occurs during burst mode operation. A ripple filter consisting of Cf and Rf can be added to the output to reduce noise. The values of Cf and Rf should be determined experimentally based on the design parameters. The output voltage will drop slightly due to Rf.
1.4 V 1.4 V
EFF (%)
1.2 V
10
5 IOUT (mA)
10
IOUT (mA)
Page 5
TK11811
VOLTAGE ADJUSTMENT CIRCUIT
VOUT
VOUT R
1.9 0
2.0 12 k
2.1 22 k
2.2 33 k
2.3 56 k
2.4 82 k
2.5 150 k
2.6 330 k
2.7 560 k
2.8 *
Note: The output voltage can be set between 1.9 V and 2.8 V with an external resistor connected between pins 4 and 6.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
APPLICATION INFORMATION Maximize copper foil area connecting to all IC pins for optimum performance. Place input and output bypass capacitors close to the GND pin. For best transient behavior and lowest output impedance use as large a capacitor value as possible. The temperature coefficient of the capacitance and Equivalent Series Resistant (ESR) should be taken into account. These parameters can influence power supply noise and ripple rejection. In extreme cases, oscillation may occur. In order to maintain stability, the output bypass capacitor value should be minimum 10 F in case of tantalum electrolytic or 15 F in case of aluminum electrolytic. HANDLING MOLDED RESIN PACKAGES All plastic molded packages absorb some moisture from the air. If moisture absorption occurs prior to soldering the device into the printed circuit board, increased separation of the lead from the plastic molding may occur, degrading the moisture barrier characteristics of the device. This property of plastic molding compounds should not be overlooked, particularly in the case of very small packages where the plastic is very thin. In order to preserve the original moisture barrier properties of the package, devices are stored and shipped in moisture proof bags filled with dry air. The bags should not be opened or damaged prior Page 6 to actual use of the devices. If this is unavoidable, the devices should be stored in a low relative humidity environment (40 to 65 %) or in an enclosed environment with desiccant. INDUCTOR NOTES The output current and efficiency are largely dependant upon the coil used. A coil with lower DC resistance is generally better in efficiency than one with a higher DCR (DC Resistance). The recommended TOKO 395KN-0369 AQ is 1:1 turns ratio transformer with an inductance of 110 H and Toko 395KN-0370UG is 1:3 turns ratio transformer with inductance of 60 H:600 H. These coils, or equivalent, should be used. Smaller coils with higher DCR will not perform as well as the above coil, and the oscillator will not be stable. FEEDBACK RC TIME CONSTANT If a different coil is used other than the one mentioned, the RC time constant of the feedback loop will need to be adjusted for optimum performance. Generally, a lower resistance will give more output current. In fact, R can be zero; however, lower resistance will sacrifice efficiency at low output currents as the quiescent current increases. If the capacitance is increased beyond or below a certain value, the oscillator will become unstable. The optimum January 1999 TOKO, Inc.
TK11811
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (CONT.)
RC values depend upon the operating current, and should be chosen experimentally using the given values of 3300 pF and 22 k as a starting point. INPUT/OUTPUT DECOUPLING CAPACITORS DC-DC converters generate a large ripple current on both the input and the output of the circuit. The capacitors used should be as large as possible and have low impedance in the 300 kHz range. Since low temperatures cause capacitors to decrease capacitance and increase Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR), care should be taken to choose capacitors that have acceptable characteristics over the temperature range you intend to use. This should be done experimentally to verify results, as capacitor performance varies widely from manufacturer to manufacturer. Tantalum capacitors are generally the best choice and 10 F should be adequate for most applications. LOAD CHARACTERISTICS The TK11811 should not be allowed to start-up under full load conditions. If this occurs, the output may not stabilize to the correct output voltage. This can be compensated for, somewhat, by adjusting the RC of the feedback loop or by decreasing the output decoupling capacitor. Maximum current can be drawn after the oscillator has started and the output has reached nominal output voltage. This is more critical with input voltages under 1.3 V as the converter needs to generate sufficient output to ensure correct internal bandgap and bias voltages.
Page 7
TK11811
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
Marking D1
SOT-23L (SOT-23L-6)
TK11811
0.6 6 5 4 Marking
1.0
1 e
2 e 0.95
3 0.32 0.95
+0.15 - 0.05
0.1
e 0.95
e 0.95
3.5
+0.3 - 0.1
2.2 0.3
(3.4)
1.4 max
e1 3.0 1.2
+0.15 - 0.05
15 0 - 0.1 0.4
+ 0.3
0.1
0.15
3.3
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 8
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-134-TK11811 0798O0.0K
max
TK11812
DC-DC CONVERTER FEATURES
s s s s s Miniature Package (SOT-23L) Low Start-up Voltage [0.6 V (typ.)] Few External Components Adjustable Output Voltage (1.5 to 15 V) Wide Input Voltage Range (0.6 to 14 V)
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s s Pagers Cassette Recorders Cordless Telephones Portable Instrumentation Radio Control Systems Mobile Radios Battery Operated Equipment Local Area Network (LAN) Receivers
DESCRIPTION
The TK11812 is a low power, low input voltage step-up DC-DC converter. This device can be set to an output of 1.5 to 15 V DC using two resistors. The output current is dependent upon the input voltage and ranges from 8 mA at 1.6 V to 24 mA at 3.5 V. The efficiency is over 80% for an output current of 4 mA to 32 mA with a 3.5 V input and 5 V output. The frequency of the built-in relaxation oscillator is set by external components. The internal voltage regulator provides a stable output voltage. Optimized Toko inductor components are available. The TK11812 is available in a miniature 6-pin SOT-23L surface mount package. BLOCK DIAGRAM
VIN FB OSC
TK11812
VIN
20 P
FB GND
FB OSC
VOUT
ORDERING INFORMATION
VOUT
TK11812M
Tape/Reel Code
OSCILLATOR
Vref
+ FB
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left
GND
Page 1
TK11812
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Input Voltage ............................................................ 16 V Output Voltage ......................................................... 15 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 200 mW Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ...................-10 to +65 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN 0. 6
TYP
MAX 14
UNITS V V mA mA V V V mA mA
IOUT = 0 mA VIN = 1.1 V, IOUT = 3 mA VIN = 1.4 V, IOUT = 3 mA 6 5 2.85 2.85 1.75 4.0 6.0
0.6 11 8.3 3.0 3.0 1.90 4.5 6.8 10 45 63 72 300 0.4 1.22
VOUT VOUT(LOW) IOUT Line Reg Load Reg EFF FOSC VOUT /T Vref
Output Voltage
VIN = 1.1 V, IOUT = 3 mA, (Note 3) VIN = 1.4 V, IOUT = 3 mA, (Note 3)
VIN = 1.1 V, IOUT = 3 mA, T to VOUT connected VIN = 1.1 V VIN = 1.4 V IOUT = 3 mA, 1.1 V VIN 2.2 V VIN = 1.1 V, 0.5 mA IOUT 3 mA VIN = 1.4 V, IOUT = 3 mA VIN = 1.4 V, IOUT = 3 mA (Note 2) VIN = 1.4 V, IOUT = 3 mA VIN = 1.4 V, IOUT = 3 mA, (Note 4)
Output Current Line Regulation Load Regulation Efficiency Oscillator Frequency Temperature Coefficient Reference Voltage
100 130
mV mV % kHz mV/ C V
Note 1: Power dissipation is 400 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 3.2 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Power dissipation is 200 mW when in Free Air. Derate at 1.6 mW/C for operation above 25C. Note 2: This IC is a frequency-controlled DC-DC converter, thus, the value is varied by condition. Note 3: Output with R1/R2 set for 3.0 V nominal. Note 4: Reference voltage is measured at FB pin (pin 6).
Page 2
TK11812
TEST CIRCUIT
R1 R2 VOUT + 10 F
GND
GND
10 F + VIN Di 10 KW
C1 3300 pF
R3 22 KW
3 L 4
Note: VOUT = Vref [1 + (R1 / R2)] Vref = 1.22 V R1 = 100 k to 150 k Vref is the FB pin voltage.
VOUT (V)
3 2 1.2 V 1 0 0.8 V VIN = 0.6 V 0 2 4 6 8 10 IOUT (mA) EFFICIENCY VS. OUTPUT CURRENT (VOUT = 3.3 V) 100 1.6 V
VOUT (V)
EFF (%)
1.0 V 1.4 V
1.6 V
0 0
VIN = 0.6 V 2 4 6 8 10
IOUT (mA)
IOUT (mA)
EFF (%)
50 0.8 V
1.6 V 1.4 V
VIN = 0.6 V 0 2 4
10
10
IOUT (mA)
IOUT (mA)
Page 3
TK11812
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
EFFICIENCY VS. OUTPUT CURRENT (VOUT = 5.0 V) 100 5 4 1.4 V 50 1.2 V 1.0 V 0.8 V VIN = 0.6 V 0 1 0
VOUT (V) EFF (%)
1.6 V 1.6 V
3.5 V
1.2 V
1.4 V
10
16
24
32
40
IOUT (mA)
QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE +100
IOUT (mA)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE DRIFT VS. TEMPERATURE
EFF (%)
VOUT = 3 V
VOUT (mV)
200 IQ (A)
VOUT = 3 V 0
50
100
VIN = 2.5 V 0 0 8 16 24 32 40 IOUT (mA)
VOUT = 5 V
0.5
1.5
2.0
-100 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
Page 4
TK11812
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
APPLICATION INFORMATION Maximize copper foil area connecting to all IC pins for optimum performance. Place input and output bypass capacitors close to the GND pin. For best transient behavior and lowest output impedance, use as large of a capacitor value as possible. The temperature coefficient of the capacitance and Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) should be taken into account. These parameters can influence power supply noise and ripple rejection. In extreme cases, oscillation may occur. In order to maintain stability the output bypass capacitor value should be a minimum of 10 F in the case of tantalum electrolytic, or 15 F in the case of aluminum electrolytic. HANDLING MOLDED RESIN PACKAGES All plastic molded packages absorb some moisture from the air. If moisture absorption occurs prior to soldering the device into the printed circuit board, increased separation of the lead from the plastic molding may occur, degrading the moisture barrier characteristics of the device. This property of plastic molding compounds should not be overlooked, particularly in the case of very small packages where the plastic is very thin. In order to preserve the original moisture barrier properties of the package, devices are stored and shipped in moisture proof bags filled with dry air. The bags should not be opened or damaged prior to actual use of the devices. If this is unavoidable, the devices should be stored in a low relative humidity environment (40 to 65%) or in an enclosed environment with desiccant. INDUCTOR NOTES The output current and efficiency are largely dependent on the coil used. A coil with lower DC resistance is generally better in efficiency than one with a higher DCR (DC Resistance). The recommended TOKO 395KN-0369 AQ is a 1:1 turns ratio transformer with an inductance of 110 H, and Toko 395KN-0370UG is a 1:3 transformer ratio with the inductance of 60 H: 600 H. These coils or equivalent should be used. Smaller coils with higher DCR will not perform as well as the above coil, and the oscillator will not be stable. FEEDBACK RC TIME CONSTANT If a different coil is used other than the one mentioned, the RC time constant of the feedback loop will need to be adjusted for optimum performance. Generally, a lower resistance will give more output current. In fact, R can be zero; however, lower resistance will sacrifice efficiency at low output currents as the quiescent current increases. If the capacitance is increased beyond or below a certain value, the oscillator will become unstable. The optimum RC values depend upon the operating voltage range, output voltage and operating current, and should be chosen experimentally using the given values of 3300 pF and 22 K as a starting point. INPUT/OUTPUT DECOUPLING CAPACITORS DC-DC converters generate a large ripple current on both the input and output of the circuit. The capacitors used should be as large as possible and have low impedance in the 300 kHz range. Since low temperatures cause capacitors to decrease capacitance and increase Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) care should be taken to choose capacitors that have acceptable characteristics over the temperature range you intend to use. This should be done experimentally to verify results, as capacitor performance varies widely from manufacturer to manufacturer. Tantalum capacitors are generally the best choice and 10 F should be adequate for most applications. LOAD CHARACTERISTICS The TK11812 should not be allowed to start up under full load conditions. If this occurs, the output may not stabilize to the correct output voltage. This can be compensated for, somewhat, by adjusting the RC of the feedback loop or by decreasing the output decoupling capacitor. Maximum current can be drawn after the oscillator has started and the output has reached nominal output voltage. This is more critical with input voltages under 1.3 V as the converter needs to generate sufficient output to ensure correct internal bandgap and bias voltages.
Page 5
TK11812
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
Marking D2
SOT-23L (SOT-23L-6)
TK11812
0.6 6 5 4 Marking
1.0
1 e
2 e 0.95
3 0.32 0.95
+0.15 - 0.05
0.1
e 0.95
e 0.95
3.5
+0.3 - 0.1
2.2 0.3
(3.4)
1.4 max
e1 3.0 1.2
+0.15 - 0.05
15 0 - 0.1 0.4
+ 0.3
0.1
0.15
3.3
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
max
Page 6
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-131-TK11812 0798O0.0K
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s s s Variable Capacitance and PIN Diode Bias Portable Instrumentation Radio Control Systems Mobile Radios Cellular Telephones Cordless Telephones Fiber-Optic Receivers Local Area Network (LAN) Receivers Battery Operated Equipment
DESCRIPTION
The TK1181x series devices generate DC output voltages ranging from 7.2 to 32 V. Each device provides two regulated output voltages selectable by a single jumper. Designed for step-up operation, these devices will operate with an input voltage as low as 1.1 V, thus allowing single battery cell operation. These converters have a built-in relaxation oscillator. The frequency of operation is determined by external component values. The built-in rectifier combined with an internal temperature compensated reference allows stable output voltages with minimal external components. These devices are available in a miniature SOT-23L-6 surface mount package. An optimized surface mount inductor is available from TOKO (P/N: 395GN-0091IB). BLOCK DIAGRAM
VIN OSC
01 S
TK11816 TK11818
TK11817 TK11819
VIN OSC DK
T1 GND VOUT
ORDERING INFORMATION
DK STARTUP CIRCUIT
OSCILLATOR VOUT
FEEDBACK CONTROL
REFERENCE VOLTAGE
T1
Page 1
VOUT
Output Current
VOUT
Output Current
Page 2
VOUT
Output Current
VOUT
Output Current
Note 1: Power dissipation is 400 mW when mounted. Derate at 3.2 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Power dissipation is 200 mW in free air. Derate at 1.6 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Note 2: When operating below 25 C, the output capacitor degradation may increase output ripple noise. Note 3: VIN = 5.0 V, No load. Note 4: Load Regulation = (VOUT / VOUT) x 100 %, where VOUT = VOUT (no load) - VOUT (IOUT = 1.0 mA) Note 5: Specifications are based upon a Toko 395GN-0091IB inductor. The use of other inductors may degrade performance. Note 6: See Output Voltage Selection Table for connections to obtain desired output voltage.
Page 3
VOUT +
VOUT
The noise filter is not built in. Please use an external circuit if desired. ILOAD = IOUT Design within R x IOUT = 50 to 150 mV
Page 4
VIN = 2 V
VOUT (mV)
VOUT (V)
4V
10 V
5 200 A
400 A
IOUT = 0
6V 0 0 5 IOUT (mA) 10
IIN -500 -50 0 TA (C) 50 100 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 VIN (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND SUPPLY CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 15
500
20
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
4V 8V 10 6V 10 V
VOUT (mV)
VOUT 400 A 10 10
IIN (mA) IIN (mA)
200 A IOUT = 0 0 1 2 3 VIN (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND SUPPLY CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 10 VOUT
VOUT (V)
5 0 10 IOUT (mA) 20
-500 -50
5
0 TA (C) 50 100
IIN 4
0 5
20
VIN = 2 V 6V 4V 8V
VOUT (mV)
VOUT (V)
10 400 A 200 A
0 0 10 IOUT (mA) 20
-500 -50
0 0 TA (C) 50 100 0 1
IIN 4
0 5
Page 5
IIN (mA)
8V
VOUT (V)
VIN = 2 V
VOUT (mV)
VOUT (V)
15
4V
8V 10 V 6V
10
400 A 200 A
10
IOUT = 0
10 0 5 IOUT (mA) 10
-500 -50
0 0 TA (C)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE VS. TEMPERATURE
50
100
IIN 4
0 5
VIN (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND SUPPLY CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 30
20
VOUT (mV)
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
VIN = 2 V 20 4V 8V 10 V 6V
10 0 5 IOUT (mA) 10
-500 -50
10
0 TA (C) 50 100
IIN 4
0 5
VIN (V)
VIN = 2 V
VOUT
VOUT (V)
10 V
20
VOUT (mV)
6V
VOUT (V)
20
4V 8V
20 400 A 200 A 10
IOUT = 0
10 0 5 IOUT (mA) 10
-500 -50
IIN 4
0 5
Page 6
IIN (mA)
IIN (mA)
IIN (mA)
VIN = 2 V
VOUT
VOUT (mV) VOUT (V)
20
VOUT (V)
20
4V
8V 6V 10 V
20 400 A 200 A 10
IOUT = 0
10 0 5 IOUT (mA) 10
-500 -50
10 0 TA (C)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE VS. TEMPERATURE 40
50
100
IIN 4
0 5
VIN (V)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND SUPPLY CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE
VOUT (mV)
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
VIN = 2 V 30 4V 6V 8V
IOUT = 0
20 0 1 2 3 4 5 IOUT (mA)
-500 -50
IIN 4
0 5
APPLICATION INFORMATION
HANDLING MOLDED RESIN PACKAGES All plastic molded packages absorb some moisture from the air. If moisture absorption occurs prior to soldering the device onto the printed circuit board, increased separation of the lead from the plastic molding may occur, degrading the moisture barrier characteristics of the device. This property of plastic molding compounds should not be overlooked, particularly in the case of very small packages, where the plastic is very thin. In order to preserve the original moisture barrier properties of the package, devices are stored and shipped in moisture proof bags, filled with dry air. The bags should not be opened or damaged prior to the actual use of the devices. If this is unavoidable, the devices should be stored in a low relative humidity environment (40 to 65%) or in an enclosed environment with desiccant. January 1999 TOKO, Inc. Page 7
IIN (mA)
IIN (mA)
SOT-23L (SOT-23L-6)
0.6 6 5 4 Marking
1.0
1 e
2 e 0.95
3 0.32 0.95
+0.15 - 0.05
0.1
e 0.95
e 0.95
3.5
+0.3 - 0.1
2.2 0.3
(3.4)
1.4 max
e1 3.0 1.2
+0.15 - 0.05
15 0 - 0.1 0.4
+ 0.3
0.1
0.15
3.3
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 8
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-132-TK11816x 0798O0.0K
max
TK11821
DC-DC CONVERTER FEATURES
s s s s s s Very Low Noise Very Small Size Few External Components Wide Supply Voltage Range (0.9 to 10 V) Sinewave Oscillator Selectable Output Voltages
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s s s Variable Capacitance and PIN Photodiode Bias Portable Instrumentation Radio Control Systems Mobile Radios Cellular Telephones Cordless Telephones Fiberoptic Receivers Local Area Network (LAN) Receivers Battery Operated Equipment
DESCRIPTION
The TK11821 is a low power, low input voltage DC-DC converter. The device has been optimized for variable capacitance diode and PIN photodiode bias applications. It generates 10 Vdc and 24 Vdc output voltages from an input voltage as low as 0.9 V. Since the built-in high frequency oscillator generates sinewaves, the TK11821 produces very low RF interference noise. The internal oscillator is capable of operation at frequencies as high as 6-8 MHz, therefore, interference filtering is simple and effective. This unique feature makes the TK11821 ideally suitable for RF and fiber optic receiver applications. The device is capable of operation in the 0.9 to 10 V power supply voltage range. The output voltage is 24 V when T1 is not connected. When T1 is connected to VO, the output voltage is set to 10 V. The TK11821 is available in an 8-pin plastic surface mount (MFP-8) package. External inductive components are also available.
VFB
5
821 21 A
TK11821M
OSC VD BYPASS VO
1 2 3 4
8 7
VFB GND
6 VIN 5 T1
BLOCK DIAGRAM
OSC
1
VD
2 4
VO
VIN
Feedback Control
GND
7
T1 BYPASS
V REF
TAPE/REEL CODE
BX: TL: MG: Bulk/Bag Tape Left Magazine
1-30-96
Page 1
TK11821
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Input Voltage ............................................................ 10 V Output Voltage ......................................................... 26 V Output Current ..................................................... 0.5 mA Operating Voltage Range ............................... 0.9 to 10 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 350 mW Junction Temperature .......................................... 150 C Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ................. -20 to +70 C Lead Soldering Temp. (10 sec.) ........................... 260 C
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test conditions: VIN = 0.9 V 2.0 V Operating Conditions: VIN = 1.1 V, TA = 25 C unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL ICC VO IO Load Reg V O/TA VOSC-S fOSC PARAMETER Input Current Output Voltage Output Current Load Regulation Output Voltage Temperature Dependency Oscillation Starting Voltage Oscillation Frequency TEST CONDITIONS IO = 0 , VO = 10 V IO = 50 A, VO = 10 V IO = 0 A, 1.6 V VIN 2.0 V VO - T1 shorted, IO = 50 A VO - T1 shorted Note 2 VO = 24 V, IO = 50 A VO = 10 V, IO = 50 A IO = 0 A IO = 0 A, Note 2 0.75 4.0 22.5 9.6 90 MIN TYP 3.5 5.5 24.0 10.0 100 0.1 +2.3 -1.5 0.35 MAX 7.0 9.0 25.5 10.4 UNITS mA mA V V A % mV/C mV/C V MHz
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test conditions: VIN = 1.8 V 10.0 V Operating Conditions: VIN = 3.0 V, T A = 25 C unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL ICC VO IO Load Reg VO/TA V OSC-S fOSC
Note 1: Note 2: Note 3: Note 4:
PARAMETER Input Current Output Voltage Output Current Load Regulation Output Voltage Temperature Dependency Oscillation Starting Voltage Oscillation Frequency
MIN
UNITS mA mA V V A
22.5 9.6 90
0.35
% mV/C mV/C V
1.5 3.5
MHz
Power dissipation must be derated at the rate of 3 mW/C for operation at TA = 25 C and above. Use the same value for L that was used in the measurement circuit. Output Voltage Variation = (VO1/VO1) X 100 (%), VO1 = VO1 (no load) - VO1 (IO = 50 A). The circuit constants will be changed by the input voltage at the 0.9 V to 2.0 V range and 1.8 V to 10 V range.
1-30-96
Page 2
TK11821
TEST CIRCUIT
V IN
22 F
CA
CB
33 pF 10 pF
1.8 V to 10 V 820 pF 33 pF
CA
CB
C2 0.1 F
10
VIN = 3 V
IIN (mA)
V O (V)
0 0
IO = 40 A
V O (V)
IO = 120 A
IO = 80 A
5 V IN = 2 V 3V 4V 5V
IO = 0 A
1-30-96
Page 3
TK11821
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
10.3 10.2 VO = 10 V
V O (V) V O(V)
24.2
VIN
+
1 GND 3 4 1 PIN 6 821
0.1 h
C A
C B
C 2
AM HIGH FM LOW
TR TK 11821 BD FIG 01
Page 4
1-30-96
TK11821
PACKAGE OUTLINES
MFP-8
0.76
1.27
4.4
0.2
1.27
e1
5.5
0.2
0.5 5.0
0.2
1.7max
0.2
+0.1 -0.05
0.4
+0.1 -0.01
0.1min
1.4
1.27
0.1
6.0
0.3
0.12 M
0.15
TOKO America, Inc. 1250 Feehanville Dr. Mt. Prospect, IL 60056 Tel: (800) PIK-TOKO Fax: (847) 699-1194
0~10
Unit:mm
1-30-96
Page 5
Printed in U.S.A.
TK11822/23
DC-DC CONVERTER FEATURES
s s s s s s s Very Low Noise Low Operating Voltage Range Few External Components Wide Supply Voltage Range Sinewave Oscillation Selectable Output Voltages Miniature Package (SOT-23L)
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s Headphone Stereos Pagers Mobile Wireless Equipment Electronic Diaries Other Battery Powered Equipment LCD Televisions
DESCRIPTION
The TK11822 and TK11823 are boost-type DC-DC converters developed primarily for use as power supplies to drive variable capacitance diodes. Both products are low power output types, suitable for operation at low voltages. To suppress AM band noise, they use high frequency sine wave oscillation. Both products are available in two output voltages, allowing the user to select the most efficient voltage for the equipment. The products have built-in rectifier diodes and small packages, contributing to equipment miniaturization. The TK11822 and the TK11823 are available in a miniature SOT-23L surface mount package. Optimized Toko inductors are available. TK11822/23
EMITTER
20 P
BASE DA
BLOCK DIAGRAM
DA VOUT
ORDERING INFORMATION
TK11822M TK11823M
Tape/Reel Code
GND
REFERENCE VOLTAGE
FEEDBACK CONTROL
BASE
VIN
EMITTER
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left
Page 1
TK11822/23
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Input Voltage .............................................................. 8 V Output Current ..................................................... 0.5 mA Output Voltage (TK11822) ......................................... 9 V Output Voltage (TK11823) ....................................... 18 V Operating Voltage Range (TK11822) ............... 1.1 to 6 V Operating Voltage Range (TK11823) ............... 1.2 to 6 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 200 mW Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ...................-20 to +70 C Junction Temperature ........................................... 125 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
Note 1: Power dissipation is 200 mW. Derate at 1.6 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Gen Note: Use caution when decreasing the output capacitance at low temperatures. UJ type capacitors will allow little change in the oscillation frequency.
Page 2
TK11822/23
TEST CIRCUIT
VOUT + 0.1 F
TK11822/23
C1 5 pF
C3 8 pF
0.1 F VIN +
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
IIN (mA)
50 IOUT (A) OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 100
15 10 5 0
100
200
300
400
500
7.0
100
200
300
400
500
IOUT (A)
IOUT (A)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. TEMPERATURE 200 100
VOUT (mV)
1.2 V 5 VIN = 1.0 V 1.1 V 1.3 V 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 1.4 V
VOUT (V)
50
100
IOUT (A)
VIN (V)
TEMPERATURE (C)
Page 3
TK11822/23
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. TK11823
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 15 14.0 13.9
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
15 10 5 0
10
100
200
300
400
500
13.5
100
100
200
300
400
500
IOUT (A)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. TEMPERATURE 200 100
VOUT (mV)
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
1.4 V
400
500
50
100
IOUT (A)
VIN (V)
TEMPERATURE (C)
Page 4
TK11822/23
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
The TK11822 and TK11823 are designed for boost-type DC-DC converter applications in which the output voltages are always higher than the input voltages. These ICs use sine wave oscillation to significantly reduce Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). This makes the device especially suitable for AM radio applications. The bypass capacitors should be located as close to the GND terminal as possible. During the printed circuit board layout, etch runs should have lengths as short as possible due to the high operating frequency (3 MHz) of the devices. Loop areas contained within the etch runs should be minimized to reduce radiated EMI. The input terminal should be bypassed with a high quality capacitor with good high frequency characteristics to prevent conducted EMI from the input of the converter back to the external circuitry. The oscillation frequency of these converters is around 3 MHz. If the operating frequency needs to be shifted because of the application, it can be adjusted by C3. To stabilize the operating frequency over temperature, use capacitors with low temperature coefficients for C1, C2, and C3. The stability of the oscillator is a function of the capacitors, coil (Toko 5CDM-658BN-1085 recommended) and the printed circuit board layout. When the load on the converter is heavy, the sine wave will become distorted, producing harmonics. In the design of the product, use as light a load as possible to ensure low harmonic distortion of the sine wave. This will result in a low amount of EMI.
Page 5
TK11822/23
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
Marking D22 D23
SOT-23L (SOT-23L-6)
TK11822 TK11823
0.6 6 5 4 Marking
1.0
1 e
2 e 0.95
3 0.32 0.95
+0.15 - 0.05
0.1
e 0.95
e 0.95
3.5
+0.3 - 0.1
2.2 0.3
(3.4)
1.4 max
e1 3.0 1.2
+0.15 - 0.05
15 0 - 0.1 0.4
+ 0.3
0.1
0.15
3.3
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 6
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-XXX-TKXXXXX 0798O0.0K
max
TK11830
POSITIVE-TO-NEGATIVE DC-DC CONVERTER FEATURES
s s s s s s Positive-to-Negative Converter Adjustable Output Voltage On/Off Control Thermal Protection Sensor Broad Operating Voltage Range Miniature Package (SOT-23L)
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s Pagers Cassette Recorders Cordless Telephones Portable Instrumentation Radio Control Systems Battery Operated Equipment Local Area Network (LAN) Receivers
DESCRIPTION
The TK11830 is a positive-to-negative DC-DC converter. This IC converts a positive input voltage into a regulated negative output voltage. This DC-DC converter features an On/Off function with an active low control. The internal voltage reference provides a stable output voltage which can be set from -0.5 to -12.5 V. The thermal protection feature provides oscillator shutdown in the event of an overload condition. The wide input voltage range of 2.5 to 15 V and a 60 mA output current capability allow flexible operation in a large number of applications. The TK11830 is available in a miniature SOT-23L surface mount package. Optimized Toko inductors are available. TK11830
Vref
20 P
CONTROL VIN
ORDERING INFORMATION
BLOCK DIAGRAM
VFB GND VOSC
TK11830M
Tape/Reel Code
THERMAL PROTECTION
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left
REFERENCE VOLTAGE
Vref
CONTROL
VIN
Page 1
TK11830
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 16 V Operating Voltage ............................................ Min. 2.5 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 400 mW Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ...................-20 to +75 C Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
MI N 2.5 1.23
TYP
MAX 15
UNITS V V mV/ C
1.28 0.1
1.33
TA = -30 to +80 C RCONT = 300 k, Output OFF, VIN = 5 V VIN = 2.5 to 10 V, VOUT = -5 V, IOUT = 20 mA VOUT = -5 V, IOUT = 1 to 50 mA VOUT = -5 V 50
25 10 20 60
100 50 100
A mV mV mA
ON/OFF CONTROL TERMINAL ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Terminal Current Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) VCONT = 0.4 V, RCONT = 300 k VCONT = 5.0 V, RCONT = 300 k RCONT = 300 k, Output ON RCONT = 300 k, Output OFF 2.2 3.0 0.4 0.2 A A V V
Note 1: Power dissipation is 400 mW (internally limited) when mounted as recommended. Derate at 3.2 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Gen Note: Output capacitor should have low ESR at reduced temperatures if used below 0 C. Gen Note: Parameters with min. or max. values are 100% tested at TA = 25 C.
Page 2
TK11830
TEST CIRCUIT
Cref 1 F R1 20 k
Note: Toko Inductor (470 H): 646CY-471M or 636CE-471K (D73C) VOUT = (Vref / 5) x [ 1-4 x (R2 / R1)], where Vref = 1.28 V
VCONT (ON/OFF) +VIN +
Note: If a noise filter is desired, select: RF = (50 to 150 mV) / IOUT, where IOUT = Load Current
R2 103 K VOUT RF VO
CIN 47 F GND
L +
COUT 47 F
CF
GND
OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND EFFICIENCY VS. LOAD CURRENT -5.1 VOUT -5.0
VOUT (V)
VOUT = -3 V VIN = 8 V
VOUT = -5 V VIN = 3 V
100
20
40
60
80
100
12
18
24
30
ILOAD (mA)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND EFFICIENCY VS. LOAD CURRENT -5.1 VOUT -5.0 VOUT = -5 V VIN = 5 V 100
VOUT = -5 V
20
40
60
80
100
10
20
30
40
50
ILOAD (mA)
ILOAD (mA)
EFF (%)
EFF (%)
Page 3
TK11830
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND EFFICIENCY VS. LOAD CURRENT -5.1 VOUT -5.0 VOUT = -5 V VIN = 10 V 100
VOUT = -10 V
VIN = 3 V
VIN = 5 V
20
40
60
80
100
20
40
60
80
100
ILOAD (mA)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. LOAD CURRENT -5.1 -5.0 VOUT (V) VOUT (V) -4.9 -4.8 -4.7 -4.6 VIN = 3 V VIN = 5 V VIN = 8 V TA = -50 C VOUT = -5 V
ILOAD (mA)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND EFFICIENCY VS. INPUT VOLTAGE -5.1 -5.0 -4.9 -4.8 -4.7 -4.6
EFF (%)
EFF (%)
TA = -50 C
100
20
40
60
80
100
12
16
20
ILOAD (mA)
VIN (V)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND EFFICIENCY VS. INPUT VOLTAGE -5.1 -5.0 TA = 25 C 100
TA = 25 C VOUT = -5 V
20
40
60
80
100
12
16
20
ILOAD (mA)
VIN (V)
Page 4
EFF (%)
TK11830
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND EFFICIENCY VS. INPUT VOLTAGE -5.1 -5.0 TA = 85 C 100
TA = 85 C VOUT = -5 V
ILOAD = 20 mA 50 EFFICIENCY
20
40
60
80
100
12
16
20
VIN (V)
INPUT CURRENT (SHUTDOWN) VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 100
IOFF
80
VIN
EFF (%)
60 40 20 0
300 k 1.0 V
12
16
20
VIN (V)
VIN (V)
-3 -2 -1 0
TA = 25 C TA = -50 C
3 2 1 0
ICONT (A)
VOUT (V)
TA = 85 C
300 k VCONT
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
VIN (V)
VCONT (V)
Page 5
TK11830
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C
1.0
VIN CONTROL VOUT
TA = 85 C
VOUT (V)
-3 0.5 -2 -1 0
ICONT
VIN (V)
REFERENCE VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 1.29
ICONT (A)
REFERENCE VOLTAGE VS. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 1.30 1.29
Vref (V)
Vref (V)
0 3 6 9 12 15
1.28
1.27
1.25 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
VIN (V)
Page 6
TK11830
CIRCUIT OPERATION
The TK11830 operates with a continuous mode oscillator. The circuit operates by detecting the difference between the set output voltage and the internal bandgap reference. This is used to vary the oscillator frequency in response to load current. The output voltage is regulated by controlling the power transistor switch current; this maintains a constant charge on the output capacitor.
~VIN
Inductor Voltage
Inductor Current
ILPK(MAX)
Time
Page 7
TK11830
CIRCUIT OPERATION (CONT.)
POLARITY-INVERTING OPERATION
VSAT VF ILOAD VOUT IL OSCILLATOR CONTROL IC
Power Transistor Saturation Voltage Diode Forward Voltage Drop Inductor Current Capacitor Current Load Current Inductor Voltage
VIN
L +
COUT
During the charge cycle: ILPK = [(VIN - VSAT) x tON] / L (1) During the discharge cycle: ILPK = [(|VOFF| + VF) x tOFF] / L (IL = 0 after tOFF) (2) From (1) and (2):
INDUCTOR VOLTAGE
VIN - VSAT
ON
OFF
-(|VOUT| + VF)
IL ILPK
tON
tOFF
CHARGE
DISCHARGE
Q+ = Q1- + Q2And: ILPK = 2 x ILOAD x [(tON / tOFF) + 1] (4) Ripple Voltage: VRIPPLE = Q+ / COUT = (ILPK - ILOAD)2 x tOFF / 2COUT x ILPK ~ ILOAD x tON / COUT (5)
CAPACITOR CURRENT
When IL = IC + ILOAD and output voltage are in a steady state, the change of the charge/discharge must be equivalent, so:
ILPK - ILOAD
IC Q+ Q2ILOAD Q1-
RIPPLE VOLTAGE
VRIPPLE
Page 8
TK11830
CIRCUIT OPERATION (CONT.)
Oscillator Frequency: f = 1/(tON + tOFF) Where: Output Voltage is as follows:
tON = L x [ILPK / (VIN - VSAT)] And: tOFF = L x [ILPK / (|VOUT| + VF)]
The ESR of the capacitor and the effect of the input voltage difference for the comparator function are added to VRIPPLE. The maximum inductor current is limited by the power transistor switch capacity: ILPK(MAX) ~ 300 mA.
VOUT = (Vref / 5) x (1 - 4 x R2 / R1) where: Vref = 1.28 V R3, R4: IC Internal R4 / R3 = 1 / 4 R1, R2 : External Resistor
Therefore:
f=
+ VF )
1 L
R4 R2
VOUT
tON / tOFF
ILPK
+ VF )
1 L
COUT
Page 9
TK11830
APPLICATION INFORMATION
COMPONENT REQUIREMENTS Inductor DC resistance of the inductor must be less than 5 . For optimal performance and efficiency, an inductor with a DC resistance of less than 1 is recommended. The oscillator frequency is inversely proportional to inductance. The inductance should be greater than 300 H to prevent loss of efficiency at high frequencies. There is a large peak current (up to ILPK = 300mA) when the inductor is saturated. Input requirements of the Control pin are as follows: Control Pin Resistor (RCONT)
RCONT
30 k
VCONT
ICONT
VBE
INDUCTOR SATURATION t t
When VCONT is high (above 2.2 V), the circuit operation is stopped. When VCONT is low (below 0.4 V), operation is resumed. A control current of 3 A (typ.) is required for shutdown. Shutdown voltage, VCONT, is related to the resistance RCONT as shown below. VCONT changes when RCONT is changed. VCONT ~ RCONT x ICONT + VBE VCONT ~ (300 k) x (3 A) + 0.7 V = 1.60 V at RSD = 300 k and VBE ~ 0.7 V
CFB, CREF, CIN, COUT The filtered output ripple is fed back to the feedback pin. To ensure continuous operation, CFB should be connected between the feedback pin and ground. If a large voltage is fed back to the feedback pin, the power transistor switch drive will be intermittent. This causes a large ripple voltage since ILPK becomes larger. The value of CFB is determined by the value of the output capacitor, COUT, and the feedback resistance, R2. The feedback capacitor must be larger when the ripple voltage is high due to the lower COUT. CREF is used to prevent oscillation of the band gap reference and to stabilize the feedback loop. The input capacitor, CIN, is used to reduce supply impedance and to provide sufficient input current during switching for stable circuit operation.
ON/OFF CONTROL -5 -4
VOUT (V)
TA = 25 C
5 4 3 2 1 0
ICONT (A)
-3 -2 -1 0 0 1 VCONT 2
Recommended values: CREF > 0.1 F CFB > 0.01 F CIN > 22 F COUT > 22 F Note: COUT should be sufficiently large and have a low ESR to minimize ripple voltage. Page 10
TK11830
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
INTERMITTENT OSCILLATION When the ripple voltage applied to the feedback pin is large and CFB is small, the power transistor switch drive is large and the output voltage exceeds the desired value. This causes the oscillator to stop for a period of ti. When the ripple voltage is large and the power transistor is driven at maximum capacity, a current up to ILPK(MAX) goes through the inductor.
INDUCTOR CURRENT ILPK(MAX)
mounting. The package power dissipation curve on a printed circuit board is estimated as follows: When Pin 4 is connected to GND (Power transistor switch is at maximum conductance), all input power is dissipated by the IC at TA = room temperature. In this state Tj goes up to 150 C and thermal protection operates. Input power is defined as PIN = VIN x <IIN>, where <IIN> is the average of input current. From Tj = Oja x P + TA and Tj = 150 C. P = PIN, TA = Room temp., Oja can be found. The power dissipation curve shows the effect of mounting on thermal characteristics. PLOSS, must be within this curve. The efficiency, E (%), is the ratio between input and output power when the dc-dc converter is operating.
ILPK(MAX) -ILOAD
IL
tON
tOFF
ti
CAPACITOR CURRENT
IC Q+
Q1-
Q2-
Note: tON/tOFF = (|VOUT| + VF) / (VIN - VSAT) tON = [ILPK(MAX) / (VIN - VSAT)] x L tOFF = [ILPK(MAX) / (|VOUT| + VF)] x L
Since the charge of the capacitor is equivalent to the discharge (Q+ = Q1- + Q2-):
ILPK(MAX) = 2 x ILOAD x [(tON / tOFF) + 1] + 2 x ILOAD x (ti / tOFF)
ti = ([ILPK(MAX) / (2 x ILOAD)] x tOFF) - (tON + tOFF) f = 1 / (tON + tOFF + ti) When load current increases, ti becomes shorter. As in the case above, if the load current is too small, the power transistor becomes overdriven and intermittent oscillation will occur. PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION The internal thermal protection circuit will operate when Tj is approximately 150 C. When thermal protection operates, the power transistor switch will cycle between on and off to keep Tj 150 C. Thermal resistance Oja is determined by January 1999 TOKO, Inc.
t IIN <IIN> TA = 25 C MOUNTED ON PCB
TK11830
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
PD (mW) Tj = 150 C
25
50
75 TA (C)
150
PD (mW)
FREE AIR
The components shown in the test circuit may be changed for different operating conditions (input/output voltage, output current, inductor type, etc.) The performance of the DC-DC converter depends largely on the coil in use. To optimize efficiency, a coil with a low DC resistance should be used, such as the Toko 646CY471M. Oscillation will begin with an inductor value as low as 100 H. However, if the Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) is over 5 , oscillation may not occur. The input and output capacitors should have a low ESR and high capacity since there is a large ripple current present. For operation below 0 C, the capacitors should be selected for low ESR and good temperature stability at reduced temperatures. This is required to minimize ripple current. For low values of load current, a smaller coil can be used. For higher current, a large coil is needed to prevent saturation. When the coil saturates, the current increases dramatically, resulting in a severe overcurrent through the inductor. Please refer to the following drawings.
INDUCTOR CURRENT WAVEFORM (NORMAL)
100
150
OU T 11830
R2
V OU T
C OU T
Di
INDUCTOR CURRENT
L R1 C FB 6 5 4
23.0 mm
0 .0 1 TK1 1 8 3 0 C REF 1 F 1 2 3
C IN ON /OFF RS D 300 k V IN GN D
17.5 mm
TIME
Page 12
INDUCTOR CURRENT
TIME
INDUCTOR CURRENT WAVEFORM (SATURATED INDUCTOR)
TK11830
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
Marking N0
SOT-23L (SOT-23L-6)
TK11830
0.6 6 5 4 Marking
1.0
1 e
2 e 0.95
3 0.32 0.95
+0.15 - 0.05
0.1
e 0.95
e 0.95
3.5
+0.3 - 0.1
2.2
(3.4)
1.4 max
0.3
e1 3.0 1.2
+0.15 - 0.05
15 0 - 0.1
0.4
+ 0.3
0.1
0.15
3.3
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
max
Page 13
Printed in the USA
TK651xx
STEP-UP VOLTAGE CONVERTER WITH VOLTAGE MONITOR FEATURES
s s s s s s s s s s Guaranteed 0.9 V Operation Very Low Quiescent Current Internal Bandgap Reference High Efficiency MOS Switching Low Output Ripple Microprocessor Reset Output Laser-Trimmed Output Voltage Laser-Trimmed Oscillator Undervoltage Lockout Regulation by Pulse Burst Modulation (PBM)
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s Battery Powered Systems Cellular Telephones Pagers Personal Communications Equipment Portable Instrumentation Portable Consumer Equipment Radio Control Systems
DESCRIPTION
The TK651xx low power step-up DC-DC converter is designed for portable battery powered systems, capable of operating from a single battery cell down to 0.9 V. The TK651xx provides the power switch and the control circuit for a boost converter. The converter takes a DC input and boosts it up to a regulated 2.7, 3.0 or 3.3 V output . The output voltage is laser-trimmed. A Low Output Indicator detector (LOI) monitors the output voltage and provides an active low microprocessor reset signal whenever the output voltage falls below an internally preset limit. An internal Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) circuit is utilized to prevent the inductor switch from remaining in the on mode when the battery voltage is too low to permit normal operation. Pulse Burst Modulation (PBM) is used to regulate the voltage at the VOUT pin of the IC. PBM is the process in which an oscillator signal is gated or not gated to the switch drive each period. The decision is made just before the start of each cycle and is based on comparing the output voltage to an internally-generated bandgap reference. The decision is latched, so the duty ratio is not modulated within a cycle. The average duty ratio is effectively modulated by the bursting and skipping of pulses which can be seen at the SW pin of the IC. Special care should be taken to achieve reliability through the use of Oxide, double Nitride passivation. The TK651xx is available in a miniature 6-pin SOT-23L-6 surface mount package. Customized levels of accuracy in oscillator frequency and output voltage are available. TK651xx
VIN GND LOI
20 P
GND VOUT
SW
SW
BLOCK DIAGRAM
VOUT
ORDERING INFORMATION
Vref
UVLO
TK651xxM
Tape/Reel Code Voltage Code
VIN
CONTROL CIRCUIT
LOI
OSCILLATOR
VOLTAGE CODE
27 = 2.7 V 30 = 3.0 V 33 = 3.3 V
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left
GND
Page 1
TK651xx
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
All Pins Except SW and GND .................................... 6 V SW Pin ....................................................................... 9 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 400 mW Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ...................-20 to +80 C Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C
PARAMETER Internal Oscillator Frequency Regulation Threshold of VOUT Load Regulation of VOUT(REG) Line Regulation of VOUT(REG) On-time Duty Ratio of Oscillator VOUT During LOI Transition
TEST CONDITIONS VIN = 1.3 V, IOUT = 0 mA TA = 25 C VIN = 1.3 V, IOUT = 0 to 4 mA VIN = 0.25 V TA = 25 C TA = 25 C
MIN 70 -5%
TYP 83 VOUT 0
UNITS kH z V mV mV % V
-20 45 -5%
0 50 0.87
VOUT
Note 1: Derate at 0.8 mW/oC for operation above TA = 25 oC ambient temperature, when heat conducting copper foil path is maximized on the printed circuit board. When this is not possible, a derating factor of 1.6 mW/ C must be used.
GENERAL CIRCUIT
V IN I(V IN ) GND
LOI
GND
300 k
SW
V OUT
IB V IN L D C
Page 2
TK651xx
FINAL TEST CIRCUIT
VIN LOI 300 k GND GND VOUT IOUT VOUT CS 220 pF D RS + 15 CU 10 F + CD 10 F
CN 10 F
SW
IB VIN L = 95 F
ROF
Note: Inductor L: Toko A682AE-014 or equivalent Diode D: LL101 Capacitors CN:CU:CD: Panasonic TE series, ECS-TOJY106R
1K
Above is the Final Test Circuit through which each of the production parts must pass. In this test circuit, the part is tested against the specification limits in the data sheet (the min. and max. values in the Electrical Characteristics) at room temperature, and is rejected if the tested values are outside the minimum (min.) and maximum (max.) values. The Bench Test Circuits shown on the following pages are the circuits used most of the time to measure the typical (typ.) values in the Electrical Characteristics section, and make the Typical Performance graphs. Note: In measuring the oscillator frequency and the Max IOUT on the bench, the converter was loaded until no pulse skipping mode was achieved.
Page 3
TK651xx
TK65127 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Over operating temperature range and supply voltage range, unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL VIN IB(Q) I(VIN) I(VOUT) fOSC /T VOUT(REG) VOUT /T VOUT(LOI) VOUT(LOI) RSW(ON) EFF VULV
PARAMETER Supply Voltage No Load Battery Current (Note 3) Quiescent Current into VIN Pin Quiescent Current into VOUT Pin Temperature Stability of Oscillator Regulation Threshold of VOUT Temperature Stability of VOUT(REG) VOUT During LOI Transition VOUT(LOI) Threshold Hysteresis On-resistance of SW Pin Converter Efficiency (Notes 2,3) Undervoltage Lockout Voltage
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN 0.90
TYP
MAX 1.60
UNITS V A A A %/ C
VIN = 1.3 V, IOUT = 0 mA, T A = 25 C VIN = 1.3 V, IOUT = 0 mA, T A = 25 C VIN = 1.3 V, IOUT = 0 mA, VIN = 1.3 V, No Pulse Skipping T A = 25 C VIN = 1.3 V, IOUT = 0 mA, VIN = 1.3 V, TA = 25 C TA = 25 C VOUT 2.4 V VIN = 1.3 V, IOUT = 6 mA, L = 95 H, 3DF Coil TA = 25 C, (Note 4) VIN = 1.1 V, TA = 25 C, L = 95 H, 3DF Coil VIN = 1.3 V, TA = 25 C, L = 95 H, 3DFCoil VIN = 1.1 V, TA = 25 C, L = 39 H, D73 Coil VIN = 1.3 V, TA = 25 C, L = 39 H, D73 Coil 6 8 2.24 2.56
56 12.5 14.5 0.1 2.70 100 2.36 38 1.0 76 0.45 7.6 12.8 15.5 33.6
84 20 23
2.79
V ppm/ C
2.45
V mV %
0.79
V mA mA mA mA
IOUT(MAX)
Inductor L: Toko A682AE-014 or equivalent Diode D: LL103A or equivalent Capacitors CN:CO:CB: Panasonic TE series, RN ECS-TOJY106R
1K
Note 1: Note 2:
CN 10 F
GND
GND VOUT
Note 3:
IND
IB VIN L = 95 H CB 10 F CS 220 pF D RS
I(VOUT)
IOUT VOUT CO 10 F
Note 4:
Maximum load current depends on inductor value and input voltages. Output ripple depends on filter capacitor values, ESRs and the inductor value. When using specified Toko inductor and Schottky diode with VF = 0.45 V @ 100 mA. Regulation not guaranteed.
1K
Page 4
TK651xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
TK65127
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY VS. TEMPERATURE 95 OUTPUT REGULATION VOLTAGE VS. TEMPERATURE 2.80 BATTERY CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 120 100 VOUT(REG) (V) 90
f OSC (kHz)
TA = 25 C NO LOAD
85
80
75 -50
50
100
2.60 -50
.5
2.5
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
TA = 25 C
TA = 25 C
TA = 25 C
2.7
2.7
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
2.6
VIN = 0.9 V
1.3 V
2.6
1.3 V
VOUT (V)
2.6
VIN = 0.9 V
1.3 V
1.1 V 2.5
1.6 V
2.5
1.1 V
1.6 V 2.5
1.1 V
1.6 V
MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT VS. INDUCTOR VALUE (H) 50 40 IOUT(MAX) (mA) 30 20 1.1 V 10 VIN = 0.9 V 0 0 1.3 V NO PULSE SKIPPING MODE TA = 25 C
TA = 25 C
VIN = 0.9 V
VIN = 0.9 V
100
40
80
120
160
Page 5
TK651xx
TK65130 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Over operating temperature range and supply voltage range, unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL VIN IB(Q) I(VIN) I(VOUT) fOSC /T VOUT(REG) VOUT /T VOUT(LOI) VOUT(LOI) RSW(ON) EFF VULV
PARAMETER Supply Voltage No Load Battery Current (Note 3) Quiescent Current into VIN Pin Quiescent Current into VOUT Pin Temperature Stability of Oscillator Regulation Threshold of VOUT Temperature Stability of VOUT(REG) VOUT During LOI Transition VOUT(LOI) Threshold Hysteresis On-resistance of SW Pin Converter Efficiency (Notes 2,3) Undervoltage Lockout Voltage
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN 0.90
TYP
MAX 2.50
UNITS V A A A %/ C
VIN = 1.3 V, IOUT = 0 mA, TA = 25 C VIN = 1.3 V, IOUT = 0 mA, TA = 25 C VIN = 1.3 V, IOUT = 0 mA, VIN = 1.3 V, No Pulse Skipping TA = 25 C VIN = 1.3 V, IOUT = 0 mA, VIN = 1.3 V, TA = 25 C TA = 25 C VOUT 2.4 V 2.48 2.85
79 20 22 0.1 3.00 100 2.82 60 1.0 77 0.45 4 6 6.7 10.8 14.0 28.6
111 35 40
3.10
V ppm/ C
2.70
V mV %
VIN = 1.3 V, IOUT = 6 mA, L = 95 H, 3DF Coil TA = 25 C, (Note 4) VIN = 1.1 V, TA = 25 C, L = 95 H, 3DF Coil VIN = 1.3 V, TA = 25 C, L = 95 H, 3DFCoil VIN = 1.1 V, TA = 25 C, L = 39 H, D73 Coil VIN = 1.3 V, TA = 25 C, L = 39 H, D73 Coil
0.79
V mA mA mA mA
IOUT(MAX)
Inductor L: Toko A682AE-014 or equivalent Diode D: LL103A or equivalent Capacitors CN:CO:CB: Panasonic TE series, RN ECS-TOJY106R
1K
Note 1: Note 2:
CN 10 F
GND
GND VOUT
Note 3:
IND
IB VIN L = 95 H CB 10 F CS 220 pF D RS
I(VOUT)
IOUT
Note 4:
VOUT
Maximum load current depends on inductor value and input voltages. Output ripple depends on filter capacitor values, ESRs and the inductor value. When using specified Toko inductor and Schottky diode with VF = 0.45 V @ 100 mA. Regulation not guaranteed.
CO 10 F
1K
Page 6
TK651xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
TK65130
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY VS. TEMPERATURE 95
VOUT(REG) (V)
90
3.05
fOSC (kHz)
200
3.00
85
IB (A)
0 50 100
150 100
80
2.95
50
75 -50
50
100
2.90 -50
.5
2.5
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
TA = 25 C
TA = 25 C
TA = 25 C
3.0
3.0
VOUT (V) VIN = 0.9 V 2.0 V 1.6 V 1.1 V
3.0 VIN = 0.9 V VOUT (V) 1.3 V 1.3 V 2.9 VIN = 0.9 V 1.6 V 2.5 V 2.8 1.1 V 2.0 V
VOUT (V)
1.3 V 2.9
2.9
2.8
2.5 V
2.8
TA = 25 C 1.6 V
EFF (%)
= 25 C 1.6 V
1.3 V 1.1 V
75 70 65 60
10 IOUT (mA)
100
40
80
120
160
Page 7
TK651xx
TK65133 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Over operating temperature range and supply voltage range, unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL VIN IB(Q) I(VIN) I(VOUT) fOSC /T VOUT(REG) VOUT /T VOUT(LOI) VOUT(LOI) RSW(ON) EFF VULV
PARAMETER Supply Voltage No Load Battery Current (Note 3) Quiescent Current into VIN Pin Quiescent Current into VOUT Pin Temperature Stability of Oscillator Regulation Threshold of VOUT Temperature Stability of VOUT(REG) VOUT During LOI Transition VOUT(LOI) Threshold Hysteresis On-resistance of SW Pin Converter Efficiency (Notes 2,3) Undervoltage Lockout Voltage
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN 0.90
TY P
MAX 2.50
UNITS V A A A %/ C
VIN = 1.3 V, IOUT = 0 mA, T A = 25 C VIN = 1.3 V, IOUT = 0 mA, T A = 25 C VIN = 1.3 V, IOUT = 0 mA, VIN = 1.3 V, No Pulse Skipping TA = 25 C VIN = 1.3 V, IOUT = 0 mA, VIN = 1.3 V, TA = 25 C TA = 25 C VOUT 2.4 V VIN = 1.3 V, IOUT = 6 mA, L = 95 H, 3DF Coil TA = 25 C, (Note 4) VIN = 1.1 V, TA = 25 C, L = 95 H, 3DF Coil VIN = 1.3 V, TA = 25 C, L = 95 H, 3DFCoil VIN = 1.1 V, TA = 25 C, L = 39 H, D73 Coil VIN = 1.3 V, TA = 25 C, L = 39 H, D73 Coil 4 6 2.68 3.13
134 35 40
3.40
V ppm/ C
2.93
V mV %
0.79
V mA mA mA mA
IOUT(MAX)
Inductor L: Toko A682AE-014 or equivalent Diode D: LL103A or equivalent Capacitors CN:CO:CB: Panasonic TE series, RN ECS-TOJY106R
1K
Note 1: Note 2:
CN 10 F
GND
GND VOUT
Note 3:
IND
IB VIN L = 95 H CB 10 F CS 220 pF D RS
I(VOUT)
IOUT
Note 4:
VOUT
Maximum load current depends on inductor value and input voltages. Output ripple depends on filter capacitor values, ESRs and the inductor value. When using specified Toko inductor and Schottky diode with VF = 0.45 V @ 100 mA. Regulation not guaranteed.
CO 10 F
1K
Page 8
TK651xx
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
TK65133
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY VS. TEMPERATURE 95 3.40 OUTPUT REGULATION VOLTAGE VS. TEMPERATURE
VOUT(REG) (V)
90
fOSC (kHz)
3.35
200
3.30
85
IB (A)
150 100
80
3.25
50
75 -50 3.20 -50
0
0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (C)
50
100
.5
2.5
TEMPERATURE (C)
TA = 25 C
TA = 25 C
TA = 25 C
3.3
VOUT (V)
3.3
3.2
VIN = 0.9 V
VOUT (V)
1.3 V
1.3 V 3.2
3.1
2.5 V
3.1
2.5 V
MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT VS. INDUCTOR VALUE (H) 20 16 NO PULSE SKIPPING MODE TA = 25 C
TA = 25 C
TA = 25 C
IOUT(MAX) (mA)
1.3 V
2.0 V
EFF (%)
75 70
EFF (%)
1.3 V
80 75 70 1.1 V
12 8 4 1.3 V
65 60 0.1
Page 9
TK651xx
SINGLE-CELL APPLICATION
The TK651xx is a boost converter control IC with the power MOSFET switch built into the device. It operates from a single battery cell and steps up the output voltage to a regulated 2.7, 3.0 and 3.3 V. The device operates at a fixed nominal clock frequency of 83 kHz. In its simplest form, a boost power converter using the TK651xx requires only three external components: an inductor, a diode, and a capacitor. The analysis is easier to follow when referencing the simple boost circuit below.
IPEAK di/dt = - (VOUT + Vf - VIN)/ L di/dt = VIN / L
VOUT +
filtering component values (consult the Ripple and Noise Considerations section) can be determined if needed or desired. The TK651xx runs with a fixed oscillator frequency, and it regulates by applying or skipping pulses to the internal power switch. This regulation method is called Pulse Burst Modulation (PBM). ANALYSIS OF SWITCHING CYCLE
VIN
LOI
GND
GND VOUT
SW
THEORY OF OPERATION The converter operates with one terminal of an inductor connected to the DC input and the other terminal connected to the switch pin of the IC. When the switch is turned on, the inductor current ramps up. When the switch is turned off (or lets go of the inductor), the voltage flies up as the inductor seeks out a path for its current. A diode, also connected to the switching node, provides a path of conduction for the inductor current to the boost converters output capacitor. The TK651xx monitors the voltage of the output capacitor and has a 2.7, 3.0 and 3.3 V threshold at which the converter switching becomes deactivated. So the output capacitor charges up to 2.7, 3.0 and 3.3 V and regulates there, provided that no more current is drawn from the output than the inductor can provide. The primary task, then, in designing a boost converter with the TK651xx is to determine the inductor value (and its peak current rating to prevent inductor core saturation problems) which will provide the amount of current needed to guarantee that the output voltage will be able to maintain regulation up to a specified maximum load current. Secondary necessary tasks also include choosing the diode and the output capacitor. Then the snubber and Page 10
Above is the input or inductor current waveform over a switching cycle. From an oscillator standpoint, the switching cycle consists of only an on-time and an off-time. But from an inductor current standpoint, the switching cycle breaks down into three important sections: on-time, off-time, and deadtime. The on-time of the switch and the inductor current are synonymous. During the on-time, the inductor current increases. During the off-time, the inductor current decreases as it flows into the output. When the inductor current reaches zero, that marks the end of the inductor current off-time. For the rest of the cycle, the inductor current remains at zero. Since no energy is being either stored or delivered, that remaining time is called deadtime. This mode of the inductor current decaying to zero every cycle is called discontinuous mode. In summary, energy is stored in the inductor during on-time, delivered to the output during off-time, and remains at zero during deadtime.
TK651xx
SINGLE-CELL APPLICATION (CONT.)
The output current of the boost converter comes from the second half of the input current triangle waveform (averaged over the period or multiplied by the frequency) given by the equation: IOUT = [IPK x t(off)] x f / 2 and: (2) IPK = (VIN / L) x t(on) = VIN D / f L and: t(off) = IPK / [(VOUT + VF - VIN) / L] =(VIN D / f L) / [(VOUT + VF - VIN) / L = VIN D / f (VOUT + VF - VIN) therefore: L(MIN) = IOUT = (VIN)2 (D)2 / 2 f L (VOUT + VF - VIN) (3) which derives Equation 1 of the next section. INDUCTOR SELECTION It is under the condition of lowest input voltage that the boost converter output current capability is the lowest for a given inductance value. Three other significant parameters with worst-case values for calculating the inductor value are: highest switching frequency, lowest duty ratio (of the switch on-time to the total switching period), and highest diode forward voltage. Other parameters which can affect the required inductor value, but for simplicity will not be considered in this first analysis are: the series resistance of the DC input source (i.e., the battery), the series resistance of the internal switch, the series resistance of the inductor itself, ESR of the output capacitor, input and output filter losses, and snubber power loss. The converter reaches maximum output current capability when the switch runs at the oscillator frequency, without pulses being skipped. The output current of the boost converter is then given by the equation: IOUT = (1) (VIN)2 (D)2 2 f L (VOUT + VF - VIN) where VF(MAX) is best approximated by the diode forward voltage at about two-thirds of the peak diode current value. The peak diode current is the same as the peak input current, the peak switch current, and the peak inductor current. The formula is: IPK = (4) Some reiteration is implied because L is a function of VF which is a function of IPK which, in turn, is a function of L. The best way into this loop is to first approximate VF, determine L, determine IPK, and then determine a new VF. Then, if necessary, reiterate. When selecting the actual inductor, it is necessary to make sure that peak current rating of the inductor (i.e., the current which causes the core to saturate) is greater than the maximum peak current the inductor will encounter. To determine the maximum peak current, use Equation 4 again, but use maximum values for VIN and D, and minimum values for f and L. It may also be necessary when selecting the inductor to check the rms current rating of the inductor. Whereas peak current rating is determined by core saturation, rms current Page 11 VIN D The implication from Equation 2 is that the inductor will operate in discontinuous mode. Using worst-case conditions, the inductor value can be determined by simply transforming the above equation in terms of L: VIN(MIN)2 D(MIN)2 2 f(MAX) IOUT(MAX) [VOUT(MIN) + VF(MAX) - VIN(MIN)] VIN (VOUT + VF)(1 - D) where VIN is the input voltage, D is the on-time duty ratio of the switch, f is the switching (oscillator) frequency, L is the inductor value, VOUT is the output voltage, and VF is the diode forward voltage. It is important to note that Equation 1 makes the assumption stated in Equation 2:
fL
TK651xx
SINGLE-CELL APPLICATION (CONT.)
rating is determined by wire size and power dissipation in the wire resistance. The inductor rms current is given by: IPK f L D+ V OUT + VF - VIN 3 current pulses delivered from the inductor while holding a relatively smooth voltage for the converter load. Typically, the ripple voltage cannot be made smooth enough by this capacitor alone, so an output filter is used. In any case, to minimize the dissipation required by the output filter, the output capacitor should still be chosen with consideration to smoothing the voltage ripple. This implies that its Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) should be low. This usually means choosing a larger size than the smallest available for a given capacitance. To determine the peak ripple voltage on the output capacitor for a single switching cycle, multiply the ESR by the peak current which was calculated in Equation 4. ESR can be a strong function of temperature, being worst-case when cold. The capacitance should be capable of integrating a current pulse with little ripple. Typically, if a capacitor is chosen with reasonably low ESR, and if the capacitor is the right type of capacitor for the application (typically aluminum electrolytic or tantalum), then the capacitance will be sufficient. ESR and printed circuit board layout have strong influence on RF interference levels. Special care must be taken to optimize PCB layout and component placement. THE BENEFITS OF INPUT FILTERING In practice, it may be that the peak current (calculated in Equation 4) flowing out of the battery and into the converter will cause a substantial input ripple voltage dropped across the resistance inside the battery. This becomes a more likely case for cold temperature (when battery series resistance is higher), higher load rating converters (whose inductors must draw higher peak currents), and when the battery is undersized for the peak current application. While the simple analysis used a parameter VIN to represent the converter input voltage in the equations, one may not know what VIN value to use if it is delivered by a battery that allows high ripple to occur. For example, assume that the converter draws a peak current of 100 mA for a 1 V input, and assume that the input is powered by a partially discharged AAA battery which might have a series resistance of 2 Ohms at 0 C. (Environmentally clean, so called green batteries tend to have higher source resistance than their unclean predecessors). If such partially discharged battery voltage is 1 V without load, the converter battery voltage will sag to about 0.8 V during the on-time. This can cause two problems: 1) with the effective input voltage to the converter reduced in this way, the converter output current capability will decrease, January 1999 TOKO, Inc.
where IPK is the same maximized value that was just used to check against inductor peak current rating, and the term in the numerator within the radical that is added to the [on-time] duty ratio, D, is the off-time duty ratio.
Toko America, Inc. can offer a miniature matched magnetic solution in a wide range of inductor values and sizes to accommodate varying power level requirements. The following series of Toko inductors work especially well with the TK651xx : 10RF, 12RF, 3DF, D73, and D75. The 5CA series can be used for isolated-output applications, although such design objectives are not considered here.
OTHER CONVERTER COMPONENTS In choosing a diode, parameters worthy of consideration are: forward voltage, reverse leakage, and capacitance. The biggest efficiency loss in the converter is due to the diode forward voltage. A Schottky diode is typically chosen to minimize this loss. Possible choices for Schottky diodes are: LL103A from ITT MELF case; 1N5017 from Motorola (through hole case); MBR0530 from Motorola (surface mount) or 15QS02L from Nihon EC (surface mount). Reverse leakage current is generally higher in Schottkys than in pin-junction diodes. If the converter spends a good deal of the battery lifetime operating at very light load (i.e., the system under power is frequently in a standby mode), then the reverse leakage current could become a substantial fraction of the entire average load current, thus degrading battery life. So dont dramatically oversize the Schottky diode if this is the case. Diode capacitance isnt likely to make much of an undesirable contribution to switching loss at this relatively low switching frequency. It can, however, increase the snubber (look in the Ripple and Noise Considerations section) dissipation requirement. The output capacitor, the capacitor connected from the diode cathode to ground, has the function of averaging the Page 12
TK651xx
SINGLE-CELL APPLICATION (CONT.)
2) if the same battery is powering the TK651xx at the VIN pin (i.e., the normal case), then the IC may become inoperable due to insufficient VIN. This is why the application test circuit features an RC filter into the VIN pin. The current draw is very small, so the voltage drop across this filter resistor is negligible. The filter serves to average out the input ripple caused by the battery resistance. Note that this filter is optional, and the net effect of its use is the extension of battery life by allowing the battery to be discharged more deeply. A more power-efficient method comes at the price of a large capacitor. This can be placed in parallel with the battery to help channel the converter current pulses away from the battery. The capacitor must have low ESR compared to the battery resistance in order to accomplish this effectively. Still another solution is to filter the DC input with an LC filter. However, it is more likely that the filter will be either too large or too lossy. It is of questionable benefit to smooth the input if the DC loss through the filter is large. Assuming that input ripple voltage at the battery terminal and converter input is large, and that we filter the VIN pin of the IC as in the test circuit, then the parameter VIN in the previous equations is not usable, and we will need to use parameters to represent both the source voltage and the source resistance. SWITCH ON-RESISTANCE, INDUCTOR WINDING RESISTANCE, AND CAPACITANCE ESR The on-resistance of the TK651xxs internal switch is about 1 Ohm maximum. Using the previously stated example of 100 mA peak current, the voltage drop across the switch would reach 100 mV during the on-time. This subtracts from the voltage which is impressed across the inductor to store energy during the on-time. As a result, less energy is delivered to the output during the off-time.
IB
at a diode drop above the output voltage. However, the ESR of the output capacitor can increase the voltage drop across the inductor by the additional voltage dropped across the ESR when the peak current flows in it. For example, the voltage across a capacitor with an ESR of 2 Ohms (not unusual at cold temperature) would jump by 200 mV when 100 mA peak current began to flow in it. This extra voltage drop would cause the inductor current to ramp down more quickly, thus depleting the available output current. Possible choices for low ESR capacitors are: Panasonic TE series (surface mount); AVX TPS series (surface mount); Matsuo 267 series (surface mount); Sanyo OS-CON series. LOI FEATURES The Low Output Indicator (LOI) output can provide a reset signal to a microprocessor or other external system controller. When the output voltage falls below the LOI threshold (during start-up of the converter or under a current overload fault condition), the LOI signal is asserted low, indicating that the system controller (i.e., microprocessor) should be in a reset mode. This method of reset control can be used to prevent improper system operation which might occur at low supply voltage levels. The LOI threshold voltage is between 87% and 93% of the regulated output voltage value. The LOI threshold also has about 45 mV hysteresis between its on-off trigger levels. RIPPLE AND NOISE CONSIDERATIONS The filtered test circuit of the TK651xx is shown below in Figure 2.
RN 1K CN 10 F
VIN
LOI 300 k
GND
GND VOUT
SW
ROF L = 95 F CS 220 pF D RS + 15 CU 10 F +
IOUT VOUT CD 10 F
If the winding resistance of the inductor increases to 1 Ohm or greater, the voltage drop across the winding resistance also subtracts from the voltage used to store energy in the core. Thus, efficiency degradation occurs. As the inductor delivers energy into the output capacitor during the off-time, its current decays at a rate proportional to the voltage drop across it. The idealized equations assume that the voltage at the switching node is clamped January 1999 TOKO, Inc.
VIN
1K
Page 13
TK651xx
SINGLE-CELL APPLICATION (CONT.)
Compared to the simple boost circuit, this Filtered Test Circuit adds the following circuitry: the RC filter into the VIN pin, the RC snubber, the RC filter at the converter output, and the pull-up resistor to the LOI pin. The RC filter at the VIN pin is used only to prevent the ripple voltage at the battery terminals from prematurely causing undervoltage lockout of the IC. This is only needed when the inductor value is relatively small and the battery resistance is relatively high and the VIN range must extend as low as possible. The snubber (optional) is composed of a series RC network from the switch pin to ground (or to the output or input if preferred). Its function is to dampen the resonant LC circuit which rings during the inductor current deadtime. When the current flowing in the inductor through the output diode decays to zero, the parasitic capacitance at the switch pin from the switch, the diode, and the inductor winding has energy which rings back into the inductor, flowing back into the battery. If there is no snubbing, it is feasible that the switch pin voltage could ring below ground. Although the IC is well protected against latch-up, this ringing may be undesirable due to radiated noise. To be effective, the snubber capacitor should be large (e.g., 5 ~ 20 times) in comparison to the parasitic capacitance. If it is unnecessarily large, it dissipates extra energy every time the converter switches. The resistor of the snubber should be chosen such that it drops a substantial voltage as the ringing parasitic capacitance attempts to pull the snubber capacitor along for the ride. If the resistor is too small (e.g., zero), the snubber capacitance just adds to the ringing energy. If the resistor is too large (e.g., infinite), it effectively disengages the snubber capacitor from fighting the ringing. The RC filter at the converter output attenuates the conducted noise; the converter may not require this. Finally, the pull-up resistors at the LOI pin are needed only if this output signal is used. Most of this circuitry which appears in the test circuit has been added to minimize ripple and noise effects. But when this is not critical, the circuit can be minimized. When any DC-DC converter is used to convert power in RF circuits (e.g., pagers) the spectral noise generated by the converter, whether conducted or radiated, is of concern. The oscillator of the TK651xx has been trimmed and stabilized to 83 +/- 4 kHz with the intention of greatly minimizing interference at the common IF frequency of 455 kHz. In comparison with conventional IC solutions, where the oscillator frequency is not controlled tightly, the TK651xx can achieve as much as 20-30 dB improvements in RF interference reduction by means of its accurately controlled oscillator frequency. This IF frequency is halfway between the fifth and sixth harmonics of the oscillator. The fifth harmonic of the maximum oscillator frequency and the sixth harmonic of the minimum oscillator frequency still leave a 39 kHz band centered around 455 kHz within which a fundamental harmonic of the oscillator will not fall. Since the TK651xx operates by Pulse Burst Modulation (PBM), the switching pattern can be a subharmonic of the oscillator frequency. The simplest example, and the one to be avoided the most, is that of the converter causing every other oscillator pulse to be skipped. This means that the switching pattern would have a fundamental frequency of one-half the oscillator frequency, or 41.5 kHz. This is the eleventh harmonic, which lands at 456.5 kHz, right in the IF band. Fortunately, the energy is rather weak at the eleventh harmonic. Even more fortunate is the ease with which that regulation mode is avoided. The internal regulator comparator has a finite hysteresis. When an additional output filter is used (e.g., the RC filter of the test circuit, or an LC filter), the ripple at the regulation node is minimized. This limits the rate at which the oscillator can be gated. In practice, this means that rather than exhibiting a switching pattern of skipping every other oscillator pulse, it would be more likely to exhibit a switching pattern of three or four pulses followed by the same number of pulses skipped. Although this also tends to increase the output ripple, it is low frequency and has low magnitude (e.g., 10 kHz and 10 mV) which tends to be of little consequence.
Page 14
TK651xx
SINGLE-CELL APPLICATION (CONT.)
HIGHER-ORDER DESIGN EQUATION
VBB2 D IOUT =
D D ( 2 L )[1- 2 L (R
S + RL + RSW)
2(VOUT + VF)
The equation above was developed as a closed form approximation. In order to allow for a closed form, the design variable that requires the least approximation was IOUT, as opposed to L. The approximations made in the equation development have the primary consequence that error is introduced as resistive losses become relatively large. As it is normally a practical design goal to ensure that resistive losses will be relatively small, this seems acceptable. The variables used are: IOUT VOUT VBB f RS RSW RU Output current capability Output voltage Battery voltage, unloaded Oscillator frequency Source resistance (battery + filter) Switch on-state resistance ESR of upstream output capacitor IOUT(TGT) VF D L RL ROF CS Targeted output current capability Diode forward voltage Oscillating duty ratio of main switch Inductance value Inductor winding resistance Output filter resistance Snubber capacitance
Deriving a design solution with this equation is necessarily an iterative process. Use worst-case tolerances as described for inductor selection, using different values for L to approximately achieve an IOUT equal to the targeted value. Then, fine tune the parasitic values as needed and, if necessary, readjust L again and reiterate the process.
Page 15
TK651xx
DUAL-CELL APPLICATION
There are special considerations involved in designing a converter with the TK651xx for use with two battery cells. With two battery cells, the TK651xx can provide substantially more output current than a single cell input for the same efficiency. The concern is the possibility of saturating the inductor. For a single-cell input, it was only necessary to choose the current capability in accordance with the maximum peak current that could be calculated using Equation 4. For a two-cell input, the peak current is not so readily determined because the inductor can go into continuous mode. When this happens, the increase of current during the on-time remains more or less the same (i.e., approximately equal to the peak current as calculated using Equation 4, but the inductor current doesnt start from zero. It starts from where it had decayed to during the previous off-time. There is no deadtime associated with a single switching period when in continuous mode because the inductor current never decays to zero within one cycle. The cause for continuous mode operation is readily seen by noting that the rate of current increases in the inductor during the on-time is faster than the rate of decay than during the off-time. This is because there is more voltage applied across the switching during the on-time (two battery cells) than during the off-time (3 volts plus a diode minus two cells). That situation, in conjunction with a switch duty ratio of about 50%, implies that the current cant fall as much as it can rise during a cycle. So, when a switching cycle begins with zero current in the inductor, it ends with current still flowing. Continuous mode operation implies that the inductor value no longer restricts the output current capability. With discontinuous mode operation, it is necessary to choose a lower inductor value to achieve a higher output current rating (Equation 6 specifically shows IOUT as a function of L). This also implies higher ripple current from the battery. In continuous mode operation, one can choose a larger inductor value intentionally if it is desirable to minimize ripple current. The catch is that high inductance and high current rating together generally imply higher inductance size. But generally, this unrestricted inductor value allows more freedom in the converter design. The dual cell input and the continuous current rating imply that the peak current in the inductor will be at least twice as high as it would be for a single-cell input using the same inductor value. The Toko D73 and D75 series inductors are partially suited for the higher output current capability of the dual-cell configuration. For operation at a fixed maximum load, the inductor can be kept free of saturation by choosing its peak current rating equal to the converter output current rating plus the single cycle ripple current peak given Equation 4. With that guideline followed, the risk of saturation becomes only a dynamic problem. Under the situation of placing a dynamic load on the output of the converter, saturation may occur. Fortunately, unlike off-line powered converters, battery powered converters tend to be quite forgiving of dynamic saturation, due to the limitation of available power. Start-up of the converter is an example of a practically unavoidable dynamic load change (complicated by an output operating point change) that can cause saturation of the inductor. However, this particular phenomenon applies to single-cell powered converters, too. Hence, saturation is not entirely avoidable, yet does not cause system problems. It is beyond the scope of this application note to quantify the practical limitations of allowed dynamic saturation and how stressful it may be to the various components involved. It is left to the user to examine empirically the dynamic saturation phenomenon and determine what performance is acceptable. In most cases, no problem will be exhibited.
Page 16
TK651xx
STEP-DOWN CONVERTER APPLICATION
HOW TO MAKE A STEP-DOWN CONVERTER USING THE TK651xx AND AN IRF7524D1 FETKY PART
The TK651xx can be used as a controller in a step-down converter with the following two additional changes. See Fig 3.
U2 IRF7524D1 VBATT R3 1k 4 1,2 R7 1k U1 TK65130 3 R4 150 SW 2 1 VOUT 4 LOI 6 5 GND R5 300 k R6 300 k + C1 220 pF C2 47 F + C3 47 F 3 5,6, 7,8 L1 VOUT 10 H
R1 10 k
VIN R2 3.9 k
GND
FIGURE 3: STEP-DOWN CONVERTER USING THE TK651xx SCHEMATIC 1) Change the main switch orientation for use in a step-down converter. An external P-channel power MOSFET is used as the main switch in a step-down converter configuration. The gate of FET is turned on through a resistor divider being pulled down to GND by the internal output transistor of the TK651xx. This application requires both a logic level P-channel MOSFET and a Schottky diode. An IRF7524D1 FETKY part contains both in a small micro 8 package. 2) Change the voltage seen at the VIN pin of the TK651xx to below the regulation voltage at the VOUT pin. A resistor divider between the converter VIN and the chip VIN pin drops the voltage seen at the VIN pin. If the VIN pin is a higher voltage than the VOUT pin, the TK651xx will not regulate the output, but will continue to pulse its output transistor. WHERE TO USE THIS STEP-DOWN CONVERTER The TK65130 is a Pulse Burst Modulation (PBM) controller with a fixed duty cycle of approximately 50%. Therefore, only if VBATT is more than twice the voltage of VOUT can the converter run in CCM (continuous current mode). The converter can and does regulate in DCM (discontinuous current mode) for lighter output current loads with VIN less than twice the voltage of VOUT. But DCM produces more peak current and more ripple current than CCM. Below is a table giving some examples of where this type of step-down converter might be used.
Inductor 10 H 10 H 120 H
Note 1: Li-ion cell voltage range 2.7 V to 4.2 V Note 2: NiMH cell voltage range 1.1 V to 1.3 V
Page 17
TK651xx
STEP-DOWN CONVERTER APPLICATION (CONT.)
THE AMOUNT OF BOARD SPACE NEEDED TO IMPLEMENT THIS STEP-DOWN CONVERTER An evaluation board for this converter has been made using a TOKO 3DF, D73 or D75 series inductor, using only 0.96 sq. inches of board space. The artwork for the surface-mount circuit board is shown below in Figure 4.
Actual Size
VOUT G
LOI
G VIN
LBI
1.2 "
Page 18
.8 "
TK651xx
PULSED LOAD APPLICATION
Often in the world of power conversion, the current draw of the load circuit is not constant, but rather pulsed. It is common in power supply design to size the power path large enough, and make the feedback loop fast enough to support these pulsed maximum currents. For applications where the pulse width is long or unpredictable, this approach may be warranted. However, in applications where the pulse width and maximum frequency of occurrence is predictable, such as digital cell phones or two-way pagers, it may be easier and wiser to increase the energy storage in the output filter of the power supply and keep the power path small. This leads to the need for a very large value output capacitor. Panasonic makes a series AL gold cap super cap which is a low voltage, large value capacitor in the one farad range. Before designing a low power DC-DC converter with a super cap in its output filter, it is necessary to know the loading profile (the waveform of the current going into the load from the output of the converter) of the application in which it is to be used. The converter can then be designed so that the super cap can be recharged in the time before the next big discharge current pulse comes along. Figure 5 is an example super cap charge/discharge diagram showing that the charge into the cap needs to equal the charge leaving the cap during discharge. This diagram comes from the loading and unloading profile information. In reality, some extra charge needs to go into the cap to make up for the losses caused by ESR of the cap.
1A 60 ms
Note: Equal charge into and out of supercap 2 s (30 mA) = 60 ms (1A) Drawing not to scale
IOUT 30 mA
time
2s
RN 1k CN 10 F
VIN
LOI
GND
IND
FIGURE 6: PULSED LOAD SUPER CAP APPLICATION SCHEMATIC January 1999 TOKO, Inc. Page 19
TK651xx
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
Marking 27M 30M 33M
SOT-23L-6
1.0
1 e
2 e 0.95
3 0.32 0.95
+0.15 - 0.05
0.1
e 0.95
e 0.95
3.5
+0.3 - 0.1
2.2 0.3
(3.4)
1.4 max
e1 3.0 1.2
+0.15 - 0.05
15 0 - 0.1 0.4
+ 0.3
0.1
0.15
3.3
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 20
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-xxx-TK651xx 0798O0.0K
max
Function Primary Side Controller PFC/Primary Side Controller ZVS Resonant Controller
Features 5 pin Primary Side PWM Controller Optimized for off-line power supplies 5 pin Power Factor Corrector Primary Side PWM Controller Low cost, High performance, zero voltage switching resonant controller
TK75003
TK75020
TK75050
Integral short circuit protection Smart MOSFET Driver Cycle by cycle current limiting UVLO with first pulse wakeup Control boost PWM to 0.99 power factor Power Factor Controller World wide operation without switches Licensed second source for UC3854
TK83854
TK75001
PWM CONTROLLER FEATURES
s s s s s s s s Optimized for Off-Line Operation Maximum Duty Ratio 44% (typ.) Maximum Clock Frequency Above 1 MHz Frequency Reduction for Improved Overcurrent Protection Low Standby Current for Current-Fed Start-Up Current-Mode or Voltage-Mode Control Internal User-Adjustable Slope Compensation Functionally Integrated & Simplified 5-pin Design
APPLICATIONS
s s s s Off-Line Power Supplies Industrial Power Supplies Telecom Power Supplies Off-Line Battery Chargers
DESCRIPTION
The TK75001 is a simplified primary side controller optimized for off-line switching power supplies. It is suitable for both voltage-mode and current-mode control and has advanced features not available in controllers with a higher pin count. The key to full functionality in a 5-pin design is that the current signal and the error signal are added together and fed into the feedback pin. A sawtooth current flowing out of the feedback pin provides a slope compensation ramp (in current-mode applications) or a PWM ramp (in voltage-mode applications), in proportion to the resistance terminating that pin. If the sum of the current sense signal, error signal and ramp signal exceeds the Overcurrent Detector threshold indicating that the Current Control Detector has lost control of the switch current, the charging current of the timing capacitor will be reduced to about 25% for the remainder of the clock period. The reduced charging current causes no more than a one-third reduction in switching frequency, effectively preventing short-circuit current runaway.
CT
TK75001
DRV
VCC NC NC
GND
7500 1
GND CT
FB
BLOCK DIAGRAM
VCC ICT BANDGAP REFERENCE 14.5 V 10.5 V OSCILLATOR IFR 146 A IDS 2 mA fCLK 17.5 V UVLO ICHG 205 A
ORDERING INFORMATION
Q
TOGGLE FF T Q
TK75001D
Tape/Reel Code Temperature Code
SLOPE COMPENSATION
TAPE/REEL CODE
MG: Magazine
FB 0.98 V
GND
Page 1
TK75001
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage (Low Impedance Source) ................ 16 V Supply Voltage (ICC < 30 mA) ...................... Self Limiting Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 825 mW Output Energy (Capacitive Load) .............................. 5 J CT and FB Pins ........................................................ 16 V Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ...................-20 to +80 C Extended Temperature Range ................... -40 to +85 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
PARAMETER Start-up Supply Current Operating Supply Current UVLO Voltage ON UVLO Voltage OFF UVLO Hysteresis Internal Clamp Voltage
MIN
UNITS mA mA V V V
16.0
19.0
OSCILLATOR SECTION (CT PIN) fDRV VCT(PK) VCT(VL) ICT(DIS) CT(MAX) Frequency at DRV Pin Peak Voltage Valley Voltage Discharge Current Maximum Timing Capacitance 1.0 4.7 TA = Tj = 25 C TA = Tj = Full Range (-20 to 80 C) 44 37 2.5 3.2 1.1 1. 8 3.0 50 56 63 3.9 kHz kHz V V mA nF
CURRENT DETECTOR, FEEDBACK AND FREQUENCY REDUCTION SECTIONS (FB PIN) VCCD Current Control Detector Reference Voltage Overcurrent Detector Reference Voltage Propogation Delay to DRV Pin Propogation Delay to DRV Pin Slope Compensation Peak Current Slope Compensation Valley Current Slope Compensation Peak to Valley TA = Tj = 25 C TA = Tj = Full Range (-20 to 80 C) TA = Tj = 25 C TA = Tj = Full Range (-20 to 80 C) VFB Steps from 0 to 2 V VFB Steps from 0 to 1.20 V, (Note 4) VCT = VCT(PK), TA = Tj = 25 C, (Note 2) VCT = VCT(VL), TA = Tj = 25 C, (Note 2) VCT = VCT(VL), TA = Tj = 25 C, (Note 2) -245 -65 -200 0.950 0.925 1.320 1.305 60 80 -200 -40 -160 1.350 0.980 1.010 1.035 1.380 1.395 130 180 -155 -15 -120 V V V V ns ns A A A
TK75001
TK75001 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
Test Conditions: VCC = 13 V, CCC = 4.7 F, CT = 800 pF, CDRV = 1000 pF, TA = Tj = Full Operating Temperature Range. Typical numbers apply at TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
FREQUENCY REDUCER (OVERCURRENT PROTECTION TIMING) fDRV(FR) / fDRV Frequency Reduction Ratio VFB = 1.2 V, 1.6 V 35 46 55 %
OUTPUT SECTION (DRV PIN) DDRV(MAX) tDRV(RISE) tDRV(FALL) VDRV(HIGH) Maximim Duty Ratio Rise Time Fall Time Output Voltage HIGH 1000 pF load, VCC = 15 V 1000 pF load, VCC = 15 V IDRV = -40 mA IDRV = -100 mA IDRV = 40 mA VDRV(LOW) Output Voltage LOW IDRV = 100 mA IDRV = 5 mA, VCC = 9 V
Note 1: Note 2: Note 3: Note 4: Power dissipation is 825 mW when mounted. Derate at 6.6 mW/C for operation above 25 C. For temperature dependence refer to "Slope Compensation Peak Current vs. Temperature" graph. The UVLO "on" voltage is guaranteed to be below the internal clamp voltage. Guaranteed by design; not 100% tested.
40
44 25 25
48 75 75
% ns ns V V
10.1 10.0
V V V
Page 3
TK75001
TEST CIRCUIT
DRV
VCC
NC 1 F NC
CCC 4.7 F
1000 pF
CT
FB
OSCILLOSCOPE CT 800 pF
20 k
20 16
ICC (mA)
DEVICE ON
FREQUENCY (Hz)
TA = 85 C 104
VCCD (V)
105
12
16
18
103 10
100
1000 CT (pF)
10000
0.90
-40
40
80
120
VCC (V)
SLOPE COMPENSATION PEAK CURRENT VS. TEMPERATURE -100 30
TEMPERATURE (C)
50 48 44 40 36
iSC(PK) (A)
-180
ICC (mA)
-140
26
CDRV = 1 nF
22
CDRV = 500 pF
-220
18 CDRV = 0 nF
-260
-40
40
80
120
14
200
400
600
800
-40
40
80
120
TEMPERATURE (C)
FREQUENCY (kHz)
TEMPERATURE (C)
Page 4
TK75001
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
600 450
VFB (mV)
Page 5
TK75001
THEORY OF OPERATION
The TK75001 is intended for use as a primary-side Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) controller. The many features integrated into a simple 5-pin design allow it to be easily configured for voltage-mode or current-mode control, fixedfrequency or fixed-off-time operation, off-line bootstrapping, and direct drive of a power MOSFET. The polarity of the feedback signal allows for simpler interface with a TL431-derived error signal (see "Applications Information" section). The most noteworthy integrated feature in the TK75001 is the way in which the feedback control pin is configured to receive the error signal and the current signal for currentmode control. Rather than receiving both inputs into a comparator, a single input receives both signals summed together and compares them against a fixed internal reference. This yields two desirable effects: 1) a currentlimit threshold is automatically established, and 2) the required error-signal polarity is the inverse of that of a standard two-input current-mode control system. Generally, the signal summation requires no additional external components and the required error-signal polarity is simpler to achieve. Two other functions are integrated into the feedback pin. A current ramp, which can be used to establish either the slope-compensation ramp for a current-mode control design or the voltage-comparison ramp for a voltage-mode control design, flows out of the feedback pin. By adjusting the terminating resistance at the feedback pin, the desired ramp magnitude is established. For overcurrent protection, a second fixed-reference comparator monitors the feedback pin. If the feedback pin voltage should reach the second threshold, this indicates that cycle-by-cycle PWM control is not sufficient for maintaining control of the current (i.e., the minimum duty-ratio is too large to achieve volt-second balance in the magnetics). The overcurrent detection comparator latches (for one cycle) a reduction in the source current which feeds the timing capacitor. This has the effect of reducing the switching frequency and thus, effectively, the minimum duty ratio, which is just what is needed to maintain control of the current. The switching frequency is determined by an internal current source charging an external timing capacitor. The timing capacitor is ramped between internally-fixed thresholds, valley to peak, and then quickly discharged. A fixed off-time control technique can be readily implemented by using a small transistor to keep the timing capacitor discharged during the on-time. When the on-pulse is Page 6 January 1999 TOKO, Inc. terminated, the timing capacitor ramps up to a fixed threshold at a fixed rate to fix the off-time. The Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) feature with hysteresis minimizes the start-up current which allows a low-power bootstrap technique to be used for the housekeeping power. The duty ratio of the TK75001 is limited to less than fifty percent by a toggle flip-flop, plus time required to discharge the timing ramp.
TK75001
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
SUPPLY VOLTAGE PIN (VCC) This pin is connected to the supply voltage. The IC is in a low current (500 A typ.) standby mode before the supply voltage exceeds 14.5 V (typ.), which is the upper threshold of the UVLO circuit. The IC switches back to standby mode when the supply voltage drops below 10.5 V (typ.). An internal clamp limits the peak supply voltage to about 17.5 V (typ.). The absolute maximum supply voltage from a low impedance source is 16 V. The device is always guaranteed to turn on before the internal clamp turns on. GROUND PIN (GND) This pin provides ground return for the IC. DRIVE PIN (DRV) This pin drives the external MOSFET with a totem pole output stage capable of sinking or sourcing a peak current of about 1 A. In standby mode, the drive pin can sink about 5 mA while keeping the drive pin pulled down to about 1 V. The maximum duty cycle of the output signal is typically 44%. TIMING CAPACITOR PIN (CT) The external timing capacitor is connected to the CT pin. That capacitor is the only component needed for setting the clock frequency. The frequency measured at the CT pin is twice the frequency measured at the DRV Pin. The maximum recommended clock frequency of the device is 1.6 MHz. At normal operation, during the rising section of the timing-capacitor voltage, a trimmed internal current of 205 A flows out from the CT pin and charges the capacitor. During the falling section of the timing-capacitor voltage an internal current of about 1.8 mA discharges the capacitor. If the voltage at the feedback(FB) pin exceeds 1.35 V (e.g., due to the turnoff delay during a short-circuit at the output of a converter using the IC), the charging current is reduced to about 59 A, leading to a 2.17-fold reduction in switching frequency. The frequency reduction is useful for preventing short-circuit current runaway. FEEDBACK PIN (FB) The feedback pin receives the sum of three signals: the error signal (from the external error amplifier), the switch current signal and a voltage ramp generated across the terminating resistance by an internal sawtooth-shaped January 1999 TOKO, Inc. Page 7 current with a peak value of about 200 A. The error signal is needed for stabilizing the output voltage or current. The switch current signal is needed in current-mode controlled converters and in converters with cycle-by-cycle overload protection. Also, the switch current signal is required for detecting impending short-circuit current runaway, and for initiating a frequency reduction for preventing the runaway. The voltage ramp is needed for slope compensation in current-mode controlled converters, or for pulse-width modulation in voltage-mode controlled converters. At higher clock frequencies, the bandwidth limitation of the internally-generated sawtooth-shaped current source becomes more apparent. The degree to which ramp bandwidth is tolerable depends on performance requirements at narrow pulse widths. A low impedance at the feedback pin can effectively eliminate the internallygenerated ramp effects, and an external ramp can be readily created to attain higher performance at high frequencies, if desired.
TK75001
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
SELECTING A START-UP RESISTOR Figure 1 shows the typical application of the TK75001 in an off-line flyback power supply (input full-wave bridge and capacitor not shown). The IC starts when the voltage across the capacitor CAUX reaches the UVLO on Voltage VIN(ON) of the IC. The starting resistor RST can be designed as follows: considering the component tolerances, ripple, and other second-order effects. The upper limit for VAUX is the minimum voltage of the built-in clamp (16 V). The lower limit for VAUX is the maximum UVLO off voltage (12.0 V). It is prudent to choose the mean value of those two voltages (i.e., 14.0 V), as VAUX. COMPENSATING FOR LEAKAGE INDUCTANCE The leakage inductance of the flyback transformer causes a voltage overshoot at turn-off of the MOSFET. The magnitude and duration of the overshoot depends on the leakage inductance, the peak current at turn-offs, and the voltage-clamping circuit employed to limit the overshoot. The overshoot tends to increase the auxiliary voltage. The simplest solution to reduce that increase is to add a resistor RAUX in series with the rectifier diode D3. The optimal value of the resistor can be calculated from the subcircuit shown in Figure 2. The average current flowing in RAUX is equal to the current IAUX drawn by the IC. The following equation can be written from the equality:
RST(MAX) = (VIN(MIN) - VCC(ON,MAX) - 2 V) / ICC(START, MAX) (1) At 85 Vrms line voltage, and taking into account the specified maximum values of the UVLO on voltage and the start-up supply current ICC(START), the maximum allowed value of the starting resistor is:
2 - 16 - 2 ) / 1.0 mA = 102.2 k
A practical choice for the starting resistor is R ST = 100 k. The worst-case dissipation of the resistor appears at high line and at the minimum VCC voltage. At 265 Vrms line voltage and 9 V VCC, the dissipation is 2.2 W, so a 3 W resistor should be used. Note that 1.0 mA reflects the worst case ICC(START) at the edge of UVLO release. SELECTING THE TRANSFORMER TURNS RATIO During steady-state operations, the auxiliary supply voltage is generated by the auxiliary winding n3 and the rectifier diode D3. In the flyback power supply, neglecting the effect of the leakage inductance of the transformer, the number of turns of the auxiliary winding can be calculated from the following equation:
IAUX = (1 / RAUX) x ([(V1 - VD3 - VAUX) x (T1 / T)] + [(V2 - VD3 - VAUX) x (T2 / T)])
(4) The voltage V1 can be calculated as follows: V1 = (VOUT + VD2) x (n1 / n2) + [VOVERSHOOT x ( n3 / n2)] (5) where VOVERSHOOT is the additional voltage appearing across the MOSFET due to the leakage inductance. The voltage V2 can be calculated as follows:
n3 = n2 [(VAUX + VD3) / (VOUT + VD2)] (3) where VD2 and VD3 are the forward voltage drops of the output rectifier diode and the auxiliary rectifier diode. The voltage VAUX should be selected such that it stays between the specified worst-case upper and lower limits of the IC, Page 8 (6) V2 = (VOUT + VD2) x ( n3 / n2)
TK75001
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS (CONT.)
T1 is the time required for the leakage inductance of the flyback transformer to completely discharge its stored energy into the voltage clamp. T1 can be calculated as: T1 = (IPK x LLEAK ) / VOVERSHOOT (7) where IPK is the peak current in the MOSFET at turn-off and LLEAK is the inductance of the flyback transformer measured at winding n1. T2 is the conduction time of the output diode D2 and T is the switching period. From Equation 4 the resistance RAUX or the voltage VAUX can be calculated. Example: calculate the value of RAUX with the following typical values:
IAUX VAUX RAUX D3 V1 + Vn3 _ V T1 T2
CT FB GND RS FEEDBACK VOLTAGE 0
D2 VIN RST + VAUX n3 CAUX VCC CT DRV STABILIZING RAMP 0.98 V n2 + VOUT D3
OC
R1
TL431
(a)
(b)
FIGURE 1: TK75001 IN A FLYBACK POWER SUPPLY (a) SCHEMATIC (b) VOLTAGE AT FEEDBACK PIN
CAUX
n3
VCC
Equations 5, 6 and 7 yield V1 = 19.7 V, V2 = 15.2 V, and T1 = 100 ns. Substituting those values into Equation 4 and solving for RAUX yields: RAUX = 20.6
DRV
FB GND
Page 9
TK75001
APPLICATION INFORMATION
SELF-BIASED POWER SUPPLY WITH CONSTANTFREQUENCY CURRENT-MODE CONTROL Figure 3(a) shows the TK75001 IC in the typical application: a flyback converter with self-bias and constant-frequency current-mode control. Figure 3(b) shows the FB Pin voltage. In the converter, the voltage-error amplifier (a TL431 shunt regulator IC) is located at the output side and the error signal is transmitted to the input side through the optocoupler OC. Three signals are added together at the FB Pin: 1)the feedback voltage that develops across the resistor R1, 2) the switch current signal, and 3) the stabilizing ramp. In each cycle, the MOSFET switch is turned off when the sum of those three signals reaches 0.98 V.
D2 VIN RST + VAUX n3 CAUX VCC CT DRV STABILIZING RAMP 0.98 V
TL431
sense resistor of the converter. In voltage-mode control, that resistor is connected to ground. In voltage-mode control, overload protection can be realized by adding a simple circuit to the control IC, as shown in the figure. The PNP transistor Q1, turns on and pulls up the feedback pin when the switch current times the resistance of the sense RS reaches the threshold set by the resistive divider R2 and R3 and the base-emitter voltage of Q1.
VIN VAUX
D3
FB GND
R3
OC
PWM RAMP
+ VOUT
Q1
RS
FEEDBACK VOLTAGE 0
n2
R1
CT FB GND
OC
RS
FEEDBACK VOLTAGE 0
(a)
(b)
R1
TL431
(a)
(b)
FIGURE 4: TK75001 IN A VOLTAGE-MODECONTROLLED CONVERTER WITH ADDITIONAL CYCLE-BY-CYCLE CURRENT LIMIT (a) SCHEMATIC (b) VOLTAGE AT FEEDBACK PIN POWER SUPPLY WITH CONSTANT OFF-TIME CURRENT-MODE CONTROL The advantages of constant off-time current-mode control over constant-frequency current-mode control are: 1) there is no need for a stabilizing ramp, 2) the converter is free from subharmonic instability (i.e., there is no need for slope compensation), and 3) the line voltage variation is automatically canceled in buck-derived converters (e.g., the forward converter). Figure 5 shows the implementation of that control method. As can be seen, a transistor Q1 must be added to the controller. Figure 6 shows the timingpin and feedback pin voltages for the TK75001. The transistor Q1 keeps the timing pin at ground potential during the on-time of the switch. Timing begins when the drive output returns to low and Q1 is turned off. The off-time for typical charge and discharge currents and peak and valley voltages is: tOFF = CT x 14 k. January 1999 TOKO, Inc.
FIGURE 3: TK75001 IN A SELF-BIASED FLYBACK CONVERTER WITH CONSTANT-FREQUENCY VOLTAGE-MODE CONTROL (a) SCHEMATIC (b) VOLTAGE AT FEEDBACK PIN
POWER SUPPLY WITH CONSTANT-FREQUENCY VOLTAGE-MODE CONTROL AND CYCLE-BY-CYCLE CURRENT LIMIT Voltage-mode control is free from some of the disadvantages (e.g., subharmonic instability and noise sensitivity) of current-mode control. It is very easy to implement that control method with the TK75001 IC. Figure 4(a) shows the IC in a voltage-mode-controlled flyback converter. Figure 4(b) shows the feedback pin voltage. The only circuit difference between current-mode control and voltage-mode control is in the connection of the resistor R1, that terminates the feedback pin. In currentmode control, that resistor is connected to the currentPage 10
TK75001
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
TK75001 IN NON-ISOLATED APPLICATIONS
VIN VAUX
+ VOUT
Figure 7 shows a buck-boost converter with a negative input voltage and a positive output voltage, controlled by the TK75001. The Error Amplifier is a TL431 shunt regulator, and a PNP transistor provides interface between the TL431 and the control IC.
VOUT (+)
TL431 CT
VCC
DRV
FB GND
TL431
VIN (-)
FIGURE 6: TIMING PIN AND FEEDBACK PIN VOLTAGES WITH CONSTANT OFF-TIME CURRENTMODE CONTROL
Page 11
TK75001
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
TK75001 OFF-LINE APPLICATION EXAMPLE Figure 8 shows an off-line, universal input, 12 W power supply. The TK75001 is the controller IC for a flyback converter with self-bias and constant-frequency, current-mode control. The TK75001 drives the MOSFET directly to switch the flyback transformer. Feedback is accomplished by means of a TL431, configured as a secondary side error amplifier and voltage reference, driving an opto-coupler for isolation.
RB155 1 mH RM4
1.5 mH 0.2 A
+ 2A 22 F 400 V
24 k 0.5 W
0.001 F 400 V
6CWF20F 16 KCO17L FMMTA42 1N4148 FMMT2222A 0.01 F n3 n1 n2 330 pF 100 V + 330 F 16 V RM6-N67 AL250 100 0.5 W + 330 F 16 V
FERRITE BEAD
+ 82F 25V 12 V 1A
620 BYV26CPH + 82 F 25 V
VCC CT 220 pF FB GND 0.047 F 1.8 k 1.2 0.25 W TK75001 15 DRV IRFRC20 CNY17-2
470
4.75 k 1%
220 pF 50 V
220
TL431
1.24 k 1%
Page 12
TK75001
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
Marking 75001
DIP-8
8 5 Marking Lot Number
TK75001
6.4
Country of Origin
9.5
3.3
0.5 min
3.3
+ 0.3
3.8
+ 0.3
0.25
e + 0.15 - 0.05
+ 0.15 - 0.05
e1
7.62
0~
15
2.54
0.46
0.25
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 13
Printed in the USA
TK75003
PWM CONTROLLER FEATURES
s Power Factor Correction/Line Harmonics Reduction to Meet IEC1000-3-2 Requirements s Optimized for Off-Line Operation s Maximum Duty Ratio 88% (typ.) s Frequency Reduction for Improved Overcurrent Protection s Low Standby Current for Current-Fed Start-Up s Current-Mode or Voltage-Mode Control s Internal User-Adjustable Slope Compensation s Functionally Integrated & Simplified 5-Pin Design
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s Power Factor Correction Converters Off-Line Power Supplies Industrial Power Supplies Telecom Power Supplies Off-Line Battery Chargers
DESCRIPTION
The TK75003 is a simple primary side controller optimized for off-line switching power supplies including power factor correctors. It is suitable for both voltage-mode and currentmode control and has advanced features not available in controllers with a higher pin count. The key to full functionality in a 5-pin design is that the current signal and the error signal are added together and fed into the feedback pin. A sawtooth current flowing out of the feedback pin provides a slope compensation ramp (in current-mode applications) or a PWM ramp (in voltage-mode applications), in proportion to the resistance terminating that pin. If the sum of the current sense signal, error signal and ramp signal exceeds the Overcurrent Detector threshold indicating that the Current Control Detector has lost control of the switch current, the charging current of the timing capacitor will be reduced to about 25% for the remainder of the clock period. The reduced charging current causes no more than a one-third reduction in switching frequency, effectively preventing short-circuit current runaway. TK75003
DRV
VCC NC NC
GND
7500 3
GND CT
FB
BLOCK DIAGRAM
VCC ICT CT ICHG 205 A OSCILLATOR IFR 146 A IDS 2 mA fCLK BANDGAP REFERENCE 14.5 V 10.5 V 17.5 V UVLO
ORDERING INFORMATION
Q
TK75003D
Tape/Reel Code Temperature Code
SLOPE COMPENSATION
TAPE/REEL CODE
MG: Magazine
FB 0.98 V
GND
Page 1
TK75003
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage (Low Impedance Source) ................ 16 V Supply Voltage (ICC < 30 mA) ...................... Self Limiting Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 825 mW Output Energy (Capacitive Load) .............................. 5 J CT and FB Pins ........................................................ 16 V Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ...................-20 to +80 C Extended Temperature Range ................... -40 to +85 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
PARAMETER Start-up Supply Current Operating Supply Current UVLO Voltage ON UVLO Voltage OFF UVLO Hysteresis Internal Clamp Voltage
MIN
UNITS mA mA V V V
16.0
19.0
OSCILLATOR SECTION (CT PIN) fDRV VCT(PK) VCT(VL) ICT(DIS) CT(MAX) Frequency at DRV Pin Peak Voltage Valley Voltage Discharge Current Maximum Timing Capacitance 1.0 4.7 TA = Tj = 25 C TA = Tj = Full Range (-20 to 80 C) 90 80 2.5 3.2 1.1 1. 8 3.0 10 0 110 115 3.9 kHz kHz V V mA nF
CURRENT DETECTOR, FEEDBACK AND FREQUENCY REDUCTION SECTIONS (FB PIN) VCCD Current Control Detector Reference Voltage Overcurrent Detector Reference Voltage Propogation Delay to DRV Pin Propogation Delay to DRV Pin Slope Compensation Peak Current Slope Compensation Valley Current Slope Compensation Peak to Valley TA = Tj = 25 C TA = Tj = Full Range (-20 to 80 C) TA = Tj = 25 C TA = Tj = Full Range (-20 to 80 C) VFB Steps from 0 to 2 V VFB Steps from 0 to 1.20 V, (Note 4) VCT = VCT(PK), TA = Tj = 25 C, (Note 2) VCT = VCT(VL), TA = Tj = 25 C, (Note 2) VCT = VCT(VL), TA = Tj = 25 C, (Note 2) -245 -65 -200 0.950 0.925 1.320 1.305 60 80 -200 -40 -160 1.350 0.980 1.010 1.035 1.380 1.395 130 180 -155 -15 -120 V V V V ns ns A A A
TK75003
TK75003 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
Test Conditions: VCC = 13 V, CCC = 4.7 F, CT = 800 pF, CDRV = 1000 pF, TA = Tj = Full Operating Temperature Range. Typical numbers apply at TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MA X
UNITS
FREQUENCY REDUCER (OVERCURRENT PROTECTION TIMING) fDRV(FR) / fDRV Frequency Reduction Ratio VFB = 1.2 V, 1.6 V 20 30 40 %
OUTPUT SECTION (DRV PIN) DDRV(MAX) tDRV(RISE) tDRV(FALL) VDRV(HIGH) Maximim Duty Ratio Rise Time Fall Time Output Voltage HIGH 1000 pF load, VCC = 15 V 1000 pF load, VCC = 15 V IDRV = -40 mA IDRV = -100 mA IDRV = 40 mA VDRV(LOW) Output Voltage LOW IDRV = 100 mA IDRV = 5 mA, VCC = 9 V
Note 1: Note 2: Note 3: Note 4: Power dissipation is 825 mW when mounted. Derate at 6.6 mW/C for operation above 25 C. For temperature dependence refer to "Slope Compensation Peak Current vs. Temperature" graph. The UVLO "on" voltage is guaranteed always to be below the internal clamp voltage. Guaranteed by design; not 100% tested.
85
88 25 25
91 75 75
% ns ns V V
10.1 10.0
V V V
Page 3
TK75003
TEST CIRCUIT
DRV
VCC
NC 1 F NC
CCC 4.7 F
1000 pF
CT
FB
OSCILLOSCOPE CT 800 pF
20 k
20 16
ICC (mA)
DEVICE ON
FREQUENCY (Hz)
TA = 85 C 104
VCCD (V)
1000 10000
105
12
16
18
103 10
100
0.90
-40
40
80
120
VCC (V)
SLOPE COMPENSATION PEAK CURRENT VS. TEMPERATURE 60 -100 50
iSC(PK) (A)
CT (pF)
TEMPERATURE (C)
ICC (mA)
-140
48
-180
46
-220
-260
-40
40
80
120
-40
40
80
120
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
Page 4
TK75003
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
600 450
VFB (mV)
iSC(PK - VL)
Page 5
TK75003
THEORY OF OPERATION
The TK75003 is intended for use as a primary-side Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) controller. Using a control technique referenced in the "Application Information" section, the TK75003 can be used as a highly costeffective controller for power factor correction. The many features integrated into a simple 5-pin design allow it to be easily configured for voltage-mode or current-mode control, fixed-frequency or fixed off-time operation, off-line bootstrapping, and direct drive of a power MOSFET. The polarity of the feedback signal allows for simpler interface with a TL431-derived error signal (see "Applications Information" section). The most noteworthy integrated feature in the TK75003 is the way in which the feedback control pin is configured to receive the error signal and the current signal for currentmode control. Rather than receiving both inputs into a comparator, a single input receives both signals summed together and compares them against a fixed internal reference. This yields two desirable effects: 1) a currentlimit threshold is automatically established, and 2) the required error-signal polarity is the inverse of that of a standard two-input current-mode control system. Generally, the signal summation requires no additional external components and the required error-signal polarity is simpler to achieve. Two other functions are integrated into the feedback pin. A current ramp, which can be used to establish either the slope-compensation ramp for a current-mode control design or the voltage-comparison ramp for a voltage-mode control design, flows out of the feedback pin. By adjusting the terminating resistance at the feedback pin, the desired ramp magnitude is established. For overcurrent protection, a second fixed-reference comparator monitors the feedback pin. If the feedback pin voltage should reach the second threshold, this indicates that cycle-by-cycle PWM control is not sufficient for maintaining control of the current (i.e., the minimum duty-ratio is too large to achieve volt-second balance in the magnetics). The overcurrent detection comparator latches (for one cycle) a reduction in the source current which feeds the timing capacitor. This has the effect of reducing the switching frequency and, thus, effectively, the minimum duty ratio, which is just what is needed to maintain control of the current. The switching frequency is determined by an internal current source charging an external timing capacitor. The timing capacitor is ramped between internally-fixed thresholds, valley to peak, and then quickly discharged. A Page 6 January 1999 TOKO, Inc. fixed off-time control technique can be readily implemented by using a small transistor to keep the timing capacitor discharged during the on-time. When the on-pulse is terminated, the timing capacitor ramps up to a fixed threshold at a fixed rate to fix the off-time. The Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) feature with hysteresis minimizes the start-up current which allows a low-power boot-strap technique to be used for the housekeeping power. The duty ratio of the TK75003 is limited to approximately 88% by the time required to discharge the timing ramp.
TK75003
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
SUPPLY VOLTAGE PIN (VCC) This pin is connected to the supply voltage. The IC is in a low-current (500 A typ.) standby mode before the supply voltage exceeds 14.5 V (typ.), which is the upper threshold of the UVLO circuit. The IC switches back to standby mode when the supply voltage drops below 10.5 V (typ.). An internal clamp limits the peak supply voltage to about 17.5 V (typ.). The absolute maximum supply voltage from a low impedance source is 16 V. The device is always guaranteed to turn on before the internal clamp turns on. GNOUND PIN (GND) This pin provides ground return for the IC. DRIVE PIN (DRV) This pin drives the external MOSFET with a totem pole output stage capable of sinking or sourcing a peak current of about 1 A. In standby mode, the drive pin can sink about 5 mA while keeping the drive pin pulled down to about 1 V. The maximum duty cycle of the output signal is typically 88 %. TIMING CAPACITOR PIN (CT) The external timing capacitor is connected to the CT pin. That capacitor is the only component needed for setting the clock frequency. The frequency measured at the CT pin is the same frequency as measured at the DRV pin. The maximum recommended clock frequency of the device is 1.6 MHz. At normal operation, during the rising section of the timing-capacitor voltage, a trimmed internal current of 205 A flows out from the CT pin and charges the capacitor. During the falling section of the timing-capacitor voltage an internal current of about 1.8 mA discharges the capacitor. If the voltage at the feedback pin(FB) exceeds 1.35 V (e.g., due to the turn-off delay during a short-circuit at the output of a converter using the IC), the charging current is reduced to about 59 A, leading to a 3.2-fold reduction in switching frequency. The frequency reduction is useful for preventing short-circuit current runaway. FB (FEEDBACK) PIN The feedback pin receives the sum of three signals: the error signal (from the external error amplifier), the switch current signal and a voltage ramp generated across the terminating resistance by an internal sawtooth-shaped January 1999 TOKO, Inc. Page 7 At higher clock frequencies, the bandwidth limitation of the internally-generated sawtooth-shaped current source becomes more apparent. The degree to which ramp bandwidth is tolerable depends on performance requirements at narrow pulse widths. A low impedance at the feedback pin can effectively eliminate the internallygenerated ramp effects, and an external ramp can be readily created to attain higher performance at high frequencies, if desired. current with a peak value of about 200 A. The error signal is needed for stabilizing the output voltage or current. The switch current signal is needed in current-mode controlled converters and in converters with cycle-by-cycle overload protection. Also, the switch current signal is required for detecting impending short-circuit current runaway, and for initiating a frequency reduction for preventing the runaway. The voltage ramp is needed for slope compensation (necessary for avoiding subharmonic instability in constantfrequency peak-current controlled current- mode converters above 50% duty ratio), or for pulse-width modulation in voltage-mode controlled converters.
TK75003
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
SELECTING A START-UP RESISTOR Figure 1 shows the typical application of the TK75003 in an off-line flyback power supply (input full-wave bridge and capacitor not shown). The IC starts when the voltage across the capacitor CAUX reaches the UVLO on Voltage VIN(ON) of the IC. The starting resistor RST can be designed as follows: considering the component tolerances, ripple, and other second-order effects. The upper limit for VAUX is the minimum voltage of the built-in clamp (16 V). The lower limit for VAUX is the maximum UVLO off voltage (12.0 V). It is prudent to choose the mean value of those two voltages (i.e., 14.0 V), as VAUX. COMPENSATING FOR LEAKAGE INDUCTANCE The leakage inductance of the flyback transformer causes a voltage overshoot at turn-off of the MOSFET. The magnitude and duration of the overshoot depends on the leakage inductance, the peak current at turn-offs, and the voltage-clamping circuit employed to limit the overshoot. The overshoot tends to increase the auxiliary voltage. The simplest solution to reduce that increase is to add a resistor RAUX in series with the rectifier diode D3. The optimal value of the resistor can be calculated from the subcircuit shown in Figure 2. The average current flowing in RAUX is equal to the current IAUX drawn by the IC. The following equation can be written from the equality:
RST(MAX) = (VIN(MIN) - VCC(ON,MAX) - 2 V) / ICC(START,MAX) (1) At 85 Vrms line voltage, and taking into account the specified maximum values of the UVLO on voltage and the start-up supply current ICC(START), the maximum allowed value of the starting resistor is:
2 - 16 - 2 ) / 1.0 mA = 102.2 k
A practical choice for the starting resistor is R ST = 100 k. The worst-case dissipation of the resistor appears at high line and at the minimum VCC voltage. At 265 Vrms line voltage and 9 V VCC, the dissipation is 2.2 W, so a 3 W resistor should be used. Note that 1.0 mA reflects the worst case ICC(START) at the edge of UVLO release. SELECTING THE TRANSFORMER TURNS RATIO During steady-state operations, the auxiliary supply voltage is generated by the auxiliary winding n3 and the rectifier diode D3. In the flyback power supply, neglecting the effect of the leakage inductance of the transformer, the number of turns of the auxiliary winding can be calculated from the following equation:
IAUX = (1 / RAUX) x ([(V1 - VD3 - VAUX) x (T1 / T)] + [(V2 - VD3 - VAUX) x (T2 / T)])
(4) The voltage V1 can be calculated as follows: V1 = (VOUT + VD2) x (n1 / n2) + [VOVERSHOOT x ( n3 / n1)] (5) where VOVERSHOOT is the additional voltage appearing across the MOSFET due to the leakage inductance. The voltage V2 can be calculated as follows:
n3 = n2 [(VAUX + VD3) / (VOUT + VD2)] (3) where VD2 and VD3 are the forward voltage drops of the output rectifier diode and the auxiliary rectifier diode. The voltage VAUX should be selected such that it stays between the specified worst-case upper and lower limits of the IC, Page 8 (6) V2 = (VOUT + VD2) x ( n3 / n2)
TK75003
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS (CONT.)
T1 is the time required for the leakage inductance of the flyback transformer to completely discharge its stored energy into the voltage clamp. T1 can be calculated as: T1 = (IPK x LLEAK ) / VOVERSHOOT (7) where IPK is the peak current in the MOSFET at turn-off and LLEAK is the inductance of the flyback transformer measured at winding n1. T2 is the conduction time of the output diode D2 and T is the switching period. From Equation 4 the resistance RAUX or the voltage VAUX can be calculated. Example: calculate the value of RAUX with the following typical values:
IAUX VAUX RAUX D3 V1 + Vn3 _ V T1 T2
CT FB GND RS FEEDBACK VOLTAGE 0
STABILIZING RAMP
0.98 V
OC
R1
TL431
(a)
(b)
FIGURE 1: TK75003 IN A FLYBACK POWER SUPPLY (a) SCHEMATIC (b) VOLTAGE AT FEEDBACK PIN
CAUX
n3
VCC
Equations 5, 6 and 7 yield V1 = 19.7 V, V2 = 15.2 V, and T1 = 100 ns. Substituting those values into Equation 4 and solving for RAUX yields: RAUX = 20.6
DRV
FB GND
Page 9
TK75003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
SELF-BIASED POWER SUPPLY WITH CONSTANTFREQUENCY CURRENT-MODE CONTROL Figure 3(a) shows the TK75003 IC in the typical application: a flyback converter with self-bias and constant-frequency current- mode control. Figure 3(b) shows the feedback pin voltage. In the converter, the voltage-error amplifier (a TL431 shunt regulator IC) is located at the output side and the error signal is transmitted to the input side through the opto-coupler OC. Three signals are added together at the feedback pin: 1) the feedback voltage that develops across the resistor R1, 2) the switch current signal, and 3) the stabilizing ramp. In each cycle, the MOSFET switch is turned off when the sum of those three signals reaches 0.98 V.
D2 VIN RST + VAUX n3 CAUX VCC CT CT FB GND RS FEEDBACK VOLTAGE 0 DRV n2
R1
mode control, that resistor is connected to the currentsense resistor of the converter. In voltage-mode control, that resistor is connected to ground. In voltage-mode control, overload protection can be realized by adding a simple circuit to the control IC, as shown in the figure. The PNP transistor Q1, turns on and pulls up the feedback pin when the switch current times the resistance of the sense RS reaches the threshold set by the resistive divider R2 and R3 and the base-emitter voltage of Q1.
VIN VAUX +
D3
FB GND
R3
OC
PWM RAMP
+ VOUT
Q1
RS
FEEDBACK VOLTAGE 0
STABILIZING RAMP
0.98 V
TL431
OC
(a)
(b)
R1
TL431
(a)
(b)
FIGURE 4: TK75003 IN A VOLTAGE-MODECONTROLLED CONVERTER WITH ADDITIONAL CYCLE-BY-CYCLE CURRENT LIMIT (a) SCHEMATIC (b) VOLTAGE AT FEEDBACK PIN POWER SUPPLY WITH CONSTANT OFF-TIME CURRENT-MODE CONTROL The advantages of constant off-time current-mode control over constant-frequency current-mode control are: 1) there is no need for a stabilizing ramp, 2) the converter is free from subharmonic instability (i.e., there is no need for slope compensation), and 3) the line voltage variation is automatically canceled in buck-derived converters (e.g., the forward converter). Figure 5 shows the implementation of that control method. As can be seen, a transistor Q1 must be added to the controller. Figure 6 shows the timingpin and feedback pin voltages for the TK75003. The transistor Q1 keeps the timing pin at ground potential during the on-time of the switch. Timing begins when the drive output returns to low and Q1 is turned off. The off-time for typical charge and discharge currents and peak and valley voltages is:
FIGURE 3: TK75003 IN A SELF-BIASED FLYBACK CONVERTER WITH CONSTANT-FREQUENCY VOLTAGE-MODE CONTROL (a) SCHEMATIC (b) VOLTAGE AT FEEDBACK PIN
POWER SUPPLY WITH CONSTANT-FREQUENCY VOLTAGE-MODE CONTROL AND CYCLE-BY-CYCLE CURRENT LIMIT Voltage-mode control is free from some of the disadvantages (e.g., subharmonic instability and noise sensitivity) of current-mode control. It is very easy to implement that control method with the TK75003 IC. Figure 4(a) shows the IC in a voltage-mode-controlled flyback converter. Figure 4(b) shows the feedback pin voltage. The only circuit difference between current-mode control and voltage-mode control is in the connection of the resistor R1, that terminates the feedback pin. In currentPage 10
TK75003
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
tOFF = CT x 14 k.
VIN VAUX
TK75003 IN NON-ISOLATED APPLICATIONS Although the IC was intended for off-line power-supply applications with the voltage-error amplifier at the isolated output, it is easy and economical to use the device in nonisolated applications, too. Figure 7 shows a low-cost boost power factor corrector controlled by the TK75003. Power factor correction is achieved by controlling the boost converter with constant-frequency peak-current control and exploiting the variation of the allowed peak-current level caused by the variable duty ratio and the stabilizing ramp. Figure 8 shows a buck-boost converter with negative input voltage and positive output voltage, controlled by the TK75003. In both cases, the voltage-error amplifier is a TL431 shunt regulator, and a PNP transistor provides interface between the TL431 and the control IC.
+ VOUT
TL431
VOUT AC IN +
VCC
3.2 V
CT DRV
CT
FB
CT 0 1.1 V
TL431 GND
FIGURE 6: TIMING PIN AND FEEDBACK PIN VOLTAGES WITH CONSTANT OFF-TIME CURRENTMODE CONTROL
VCC CT DRV
VOUT (+)
FB GND
TL431
VIN (-)
TK75003
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
BOOST POWER FACTOR CORRECTOR APPLICATION CIRCUIT Figure 9 shows a universal-input, 100 W boost Power factor corrector application circuit. The control technique is called current-clamped control. Both the control technique and the application circuit with waveforms are described in the paper Low-Cost Power Factor Correction/LineHarmonics Reduction with Current-Clamped Boost Converter, published in the conference proceedings of Power Conversion Electronics 95/Powersystems World 95. A copy of the paper can be obtained by contacting Toko. For designers who wish to explore other performance optimizations of the current-clamped boost power factor corrector, aside from the conference paper Toko offers a Mathcad file which can accurately display current waveforms and predict power factor, harmonic distortion, and individual harmonic currents. The Mathcad file and the text which describes how to use it are available from the Colorado Springs Toko IC Design Center. The power factor corrector in Figure 9 has been optimized for general wide-range-input use. In order to obtain the same performance at power levels other than 100 W, the control components do not need to change. The power component values change as follows: C8 scales in proportion to the power level, and L1 and R8 scales in inverse proportion to the power level. Typically, although not directly related to the line-current shaping capability of the application circuit, C1 and C10 would scale in proportion to the power level. All the components in the power stage should have a current rating as needed to accommodate the power level. Below is a step-by-step design example, showing how to determine the resistance of R7 terminating the feedback pin and the resistance of the current-sense resistor R8, for the boost corrector of Figure 9. Assumptions: Output power: Output voltage: Minimum line voltage: Efficiency at 85 Vrms: Page 12 POUT = 100 W VOUT = 380 Vdc VI(MIN) = 85 Vrms EFF = 0.93 January 1999 TOKO, Inc. R7 = DMAX x VCCD / ISC(PK) = 4.312 kohms Switching frequency: Inductance of boost inductor: f = 100 kHz L1 = 2.5 mH
Maximum duty ratio of TK75005: DMAX = 0.88 Peak value of ramp current flowing out of the FB pin: Threshold voltage of the current-control detector: Calculations: Peak value of minimum line voltage: VI(MIN)(PK) = ISC(PK) = 200 A VCCD = 0.98 V
D = 1 - VI(MIN)(PK) / VOUT = 0.684 Peak-to-peak ripple current in inductor L1: I = VI(MIN)(PK) x D / (f x L1) = 0.33 A Input power at minimum line voltage:
IL1(PK) =
2 x PI / VI(MIN)(PK) + I / 2 = 1.95 A
TK75003
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
Select for R7: R7 = 4.3 kohms Resistance of current-sense resistor R8 (Note 2): R8 = (VCCD - ISC(PK) x R7 x D) / IL1(PK) = 0.201 ohms Select for R8: R8 = 0.18 ohms
Note 1: This value of R7 ensures that the line current will be zero around the zero-crossing of the line voltage, which is the required condition for low-distortion line current. Note 2: This value of R8 ensures that the sum of the voltage drop across R8 (caused by the peak inductor current) and the voltage drop across R7 (caused by the instantaneous value of the stabilizing current) is equal to the threshold voltage of the current-control detector at the peak of the line voltage.
F1 2 A / 250 V
85-265 VAC
L1 2.5 mH t: 220 D1 1N4148 t:9 C3 100 nF C4 100 nF D2 IN4148 R4 FB 150 k C2 470 F R3 5.6 k GND U1 TK75003 C5 820 pF 5% R7 4.3 k CT VCC DRV 10 R6 51 C6 10 nF Q1 IRF840 R5 ETD-29 core gap in center leg
D3 HFA04TB60 + R11a 200 k 0.25 W R11b 200 k 0.25 W R10 1.2 k 380 V DC 100 W
R9 33 k Q2 2907A
C10 1 nF 400 V
R13 100 k
R12 2.43 k -
FIGURE 9: BOOST POWER FACTOR CORRECTOR APPLICATION CIRCUIT January 1999 TOKO, Inc. Page 13
TK75003
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
8 5 Marking
DIP-8
TK75003
Lot Number
Marking 75003
0.5 min
3.3
+ 0.3
3.8
0.25
e + 0.15 - 0.05
+ 0.15 - 0.05
e1
7.62
0~
15
2.54
0.46
0.25
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 14
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-121-TK75003 0798O0.0K
TK75020
ZVS RESONANT CONTROLLER FEATURES
s Optimized for Off-Line and Battery Powered Operation s Internal Zero-Voltage Detector s Soft-Start s Pulse-by-Pulse Current Limit s Overdissipation Protection with Soft-Start s Overvoltage Protection with Soft-Start s Low-Current Standby mode s Programmable On/Off Timing s Enable Control
APPLICATIONS
s s s s Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps Resonant Power Supplies Power Supplies for Notebook Computers Power Supplies for Personal Electronics
DESCRIPTION
The TK75020 is a low-cost, high-performance Zero-Voltage Switching (ZVS) controller IC. The primary applications are in inverters for Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps (CCFL) and in ZVS quasi-resonant or multi-resonant converters. The combination of a unique (patent-pending) control concept and a ZVS resonant inverter generates low-distortion sine wave for the fluorescent lamp, leading to extended lamp life and high luminous efficiency. The IC features all necessary circuits of a controller for such applications, including externally adjustable timing parameters (frequency, Ton(min), Toff(max)), current limit, Soft-Start, enable, error amplifier, and a trimmed reference. The same reference is used for undervoltage protection and other critical internal biases. Supply current in the off mode is kept at a minimum level (2 A typical). Special care has been taken to avoid undesirable turn-on of the external power MOSFET when sufficient supply voltage is not available, or when the device is held in the off mode. Even with no Vcc applied, the drive pin of the IC will sink in excess of 20 mA while maintaining the voltage below 1 V to prevent that leakage currents turn on the power MOSFET. An internal zero-voltage detector monitors the voltage across the MOSFET and ensures that the turn-on will only take place under zero-voltage conditions. A unique overdissipation protection prevents the overheating of the power MOSFET in case the zero-voltage switching is lost. The TK75020 is available in a 14-lead surface mount package.
TK75020
ORDERING INFORMATION
DRV GND
750 20
TK75020
Tape/Reel Code
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left
Page 1
TK75020
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
All Pins Except TON / SS, TOFF(MAX), VREF, CT, ODP and EN (Low Impedance Source) ................... 16 V TON / SS, TOFF(MAX), ref, CT, ODP Pins .......................... 6 V EN Pin ...................................................................... 16 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 500 mW Maximum Current (VCC and ZVD Pins) .................. 20 mA Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ...................-20 to +85 C Junction Temperature .......................................... 150 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ..................... 235 C
ON/OFF SECTION (EN PIN) VEN IEN Threshold Voltage Input Current 6 V < VCC < 16 V VEN = 2.4 V VEN = 0 V, (Note 2) -100 0.4 4 2.4 V A nA
REFERENCE SECTION (VREF PIN) Vref Reference Output Voltage Iref = 0 mA TA = 25 C TA = Full Range 3.8 3.7 4.0 4.0 4.0 15 -12 4.2 4.3 V V mV mV mA
|Vref(LOAD)| Load Regulation |Vref(LINE)| Iref(SC) Line Regulation Short Circuit Current
Note 1: Power Dissipation is 500 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 4 mW/C for operation above 25C. Note 2: Guaranteed by design.
Page 2
TK75020
TK75020 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
Test conditions: VCC = 12 V, VEN = 2.4 V, CT = 360 pF, ITON / SS = ITOFF(MAX) = 50 A, DRV is Open, TA = Full Operating Temperature Range, Typical numbers apply at TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
DRIVE SECTION (DRV PIN) VDRV(HIGH) Output High Voltage IDRV = -20 mA IDRV = -100 mA IDRV = 20 mA VDRV(LOW) Output Low Voltage IDRV = 200 mA IDRV = 20 mA, VCC = 0 V or VEN = 0 V IDRV(SRC,PK) IDRV(SINK,PK) tRISE tFALL Peak Source Current Peak Sink Current Rise Time Fall Time CDRV = 10 nF CDRV = 10 nF CDRV = 1 nF CDRV = 1 nF 9.0 10.0 9.8 0.3 1.8 0.9 500 700 70 25 120 75 0.6 2.5 1. 3 V V V V V mA mA ns ns
ERROR AMPLIFIER SECTION (EAINV AND EAOUT PINS) VEA(ref) IEA(INV) Equivalent Internal Reference Voltage Bias Current IEA(OUT) = -1 mA, VINV = 1.5 V 15 k From EAOUT to TON / SS 15 k From EAOUT to TON / SS, (Note 2) 6 V VCC 16 V 1.19 1.26 0.10 0.25 70 2 65 1.30 V A V dB MHz dB
VEA(OUT, LOW) Output Voltage LOW AOL GBW PSSR Open Loop Gain Gain-Bandwidth Product Power Supply Rejection Ratio
CURRENT LIMIT SECTION (CL PIN) ICL VCL(TH) tCL(DRV) Bias Current Threshold Voltage Delay to DRV VCL Steps From 0 to 400 mV VCL = 0 V 180 -0.2 210 150 240 A mV ns
ON-TIME SETTING AND SOFT-START SECTION (TON / SS PIN) ITON / SS (SC) VTON / SS VSS(TH) VDCH(TH) Short Circuit Current Pin Voltage Soft-Start Threshold ODP Discharge Threshold VTON / SS = 0 V ITON / SS = 0 mA 1.8 0.40 1.0 -2.5 2.0 0.65 1.4 2. 2 0.90 1. 9 mA V V V
Page 3
TK75020
TK75020 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
Test conditions: VCC = 12 V, VEN = 2.4 V, CT = 360 pF, ITON / SS = ITOFF(MAX) = 50 A, DRV is Open, TA = Full Operating Temperature Range, Typical numbers apply at TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
MAXIMUM OFF-TIME SETTING SECTION (TOFF(MAX) PIN) IT(OFF, MAX) VT(OFF, MAX) Short Circuit Current Pin Voltage VT(OFF, MAX) = 0 V IT(OFF, MAX) = 0 mA 1.8 2.5 2.0 2.2 mA V
TIMING SECTION (CT PIN) VCT(LOW) VCT(HIGH) f CTRTON CTRTOFF(MAX) Low Threshold Voltage High Threshold Voltage Oscillator Frequency Current Transfer Ratio to CT Pin, On-time Setting Current Transfer Ratio to CT Pin, Max Off-time Setting VCT = 4 V VCT = 0 V 0.9 2.7 115 -6.2 4.75 1.0 3.0 140 -5.5 5.25 1.1 3.3 165 -4.8 5.75 V V kHz
ZERO VOLTAGE DETECTOR SECTION (ZVD PIN) VZVD(TH) IZVD tZVD(DRV) Detector Low Threshold Input Current Delay to DRV TA = 25 C VZVD = 2 V VZVD Steps From 5 to 0 V, CDRV = 1 nF 1.8 -50 170 2.0 2.2 0 300 V A ns
OVERDISSIPATION DETECTOR SECTION (ODP PIN) VODP(TH) IODP(AVG) Detection Threshold Volage Average Current f = 100 kHz, TOVERLAP = 200 ns 0.45 0.70 0.6 0.95 V A
OVERVOLTAGE DETECTOR SECTION (OVP PIN) VOVP(TH) tOVP(D) Detection Threshold Volage Dealy to DRV 3.6 4.0 350 4.3 800 V ns
Page 4
TK75020
BLOCK DIAGRAM
1.5 V CMP4 G1
CMP3 3V
S DRV LATCH
G2 Q S Q R G3
1V
CMP2
R EN3
Q3
Q4
Q16 Q6 Q7 Q8 STAND-BY GATE DISCHARGE CL CMP CURRENT LIMITER CL S 0.21 V HIGH: RAMP DOWN
A2
Q2
Q5
ERROR AMP R
CL LATCH Q13 VBE SOFT START CMP ODP LATCH 2 VBE ODP DISCHARGE CMP Q15 Q17 REF Q R S G4 OVP Q14 G5 ODP CUR SRC ODP EN4 REF
Q12
OVERDISSIPATION VOLTAGE PROTECTION VCC VCC EN0 B0 EN START-UP BIAS VREF BANDGAP REF REF CMP HIGH: DRV ENABLED BIAS EN VCC OUT +4 V REF BUFFER EN1 EN2 B2 BUFFERED BIAS B1 5.8/5.3 V UVLO CMP EN1 VCC REF 3.0 V 2.0 V 1.5 V 1.25 V 1.0 V 0.21 V
GND
Page 5
TK75020
PIN DESCRIPTION
SUPPLY VOLTAGE PIN (VCC) This pin is connected to the supply voltage. The IC begins normal operation when two conditions are met: 1) the VCC voltage exceeds 5.6 V and 2) the voltage of the enable pin exceeds 2.2 V. Operation ceases and the IC goes into a UVLO mode when the VCC voltage drops below 5.3 V. When the voltage at the enable pin becomes less than 0.4 V, the IC is turned off (off mode). In UVLO mode the current consumption is less than 300 A, in off mode it is further reduced to below 3 A. The operating voltage range is 6 V to 14 V. The tolerances of the start and stop voltages are 5.6 0.4 V and 5.3 0.3 V, respectively. During normal operation the total IC current consumption is less than 8 mA (no load, 100 kHz operation). When VCC is applied to the device with the enable pin pulled above 2.2 V (on mode), the following events will occur: First, a trimmed bandgap reference voltage will be generated as soon as VCC reaches about 4.8 V. This reference will be used to determine the UVLO thresholds. When VCC reaches the upper threshold of the undervoltage lockout comparator, that comparator enables the reference buffer. When the voltage at the output of the buffer, i.e. on the VREF pin, becomes higher than about 3.7 V, an enable signal is generated for the drive stage through gate G3. Normal operation may be interrupted at any time by pulling the enable pin below 0.4 V. When VCC is reduced below the lower threshold of the undervoltage lockout, the internal 4 V bias is disabled and the drive output is quickly turned off. The bandgap reference remains active as long as VCC is above 4.8 V. Special care has been taken to keep the drive output low even at a lower level of VCC in order to prevent unwanted turn-on of the external MOSFET. ENABLE (ON/OFF) PIN (EN) The enable pin is used to enable or disable the IC. The IC is guaranteed to turn on (i.e., to enter the on mode) when the pin voltage is above 2.2 V and is guaranteed to turn off when the pin voltage is below 0.4 V. If the On/Off feature is not needed, the pin can be connected directly to the supply voltage. The enable pin is internally equivalent to a 200 k resistor in series with two diodes. GROUND PIN (GND) This pin provides ground return connection for the IC. DRIVE PIN (DRV) This pin drives the external MOSFET. During standby, the DRV pin provides at least 20 mA current sinking capability with less than 1 V difference between the ground and the DRV pin. The internal circuitry connected to the DRV pin is designed to deliver a peak output voltage of 4 V above ground when the device operates at a minimum supply voltage of 6 V. An internal clamp circuit, however, ensures that the peak output voltage will never exceed 13 V. The DRV pin goes high only if the following five conditions are met simultaneously: 1) the drive (DRV) latch is set, 2) the overdissipation protection latch (ODP) is reset, 3) the current limit latch (CL) is reset, 4) the enable pin is pulled high, and 5) the output of the reference comparator is high, i.e., it detects that the voltage at the Vref pin is sufficiently high. CURRENT LIMIT PIN (CL) The CL pin is used for high-speed, cycle-by-cycle overload protection. When the voltage of the CL pin exceeds 0.2 V above ground, the current limit latch is set by the CL comparator and the output stage is forced low. At the same time, the timing capacitor is quickly discharged with transistor Q16. Note that a quick discharge is necessary in order to reduce the on time (and the duty ratio) without a significant increase in the effective off time. The current limit latch is reset when the output of the drive latch goes low, i.e., when the off time is over and the output of the CL comparator goes high. REFERENCE PIN (Vref) The bandgap reference, an internal 4 V source, is buffered by a reference buffer, whose output is connected to the Vref pin. The Vref pin voltage is enabled to develop when the upper threshold of the UVLO comparator is passed by VCC. TIMING CAPACITOR PIN (CT) The external timing capacitor is connected to the CT pin. The voltage across the timing capacitor oscillates between an upper level of 3 V and a lower level of 1 V. During the time the voltage of the timing capacitor is rising (due to the charging current set by the resistor between ground and the TOFF( MAX) pin), the drive latch is in the reset state and January 1999 TOKO, Inc.
Page 6
TK75020
PIN DESCRIPTION (CONT.)
the DRV pin is held low. The drive latch may be set either by the output of comparator CMP3 through the two-input OR gate G2 or by the ZVD comparator through G1 and G2. CMP3 detects if the timing voltage reached 3 V, the ZVD comparator detects if the voltage at the ZVD pin dropped below 2 V. Note that gate G1 allows setting the drive latch through the ZVD pin only when the voltage at the CT pin is higher than 1.5 V and the current limit latch is in the reset state. The reason for disabling the ZVD path at CT pin voltages lower than 1.5 V is to prevent an immediate turnon of the MOSFET after it was turned off. CMP4 is used to detect if the CT pin voltage is higher than 1.5 V. When the voltage of the timing capacitor is falling (due to the discharging current set by the external resistors between the output of the error amplifier and the TON/SS pin, as well as between the TON/SS pin and ground), the DRV pin is allowed to go high. The charge and discharge currents are enabled exclusively. ZERO VOLTAGE DETECTION PIN (ZVD) This pin is connected to the drain of the power MOSFET switch of the converter or inverter through a high value resistor or a diode. When the MOSFET is turned off, the drain voltage increases at first and then decreases, due to the resonant action in the loading network of the switch. When the drain voltage is above the supply voltage of the IC, the ZVD pin voltage is clamped to the supply voltage through the internal diode D1. As the drain voltage drops below the supply voltage, the voltage of the ZVD pin begins to follow it. When the ZVD pin voltage drops below 2 V, the output of the ZVD comparator goes high and sets the drive latch through gates G1 and G2. Unless there is a fault condition, the DRV pin goes high and turns on the MOSFET switch. By having the ZVD feature, the circuit automatically sets the optimum off time, essentially independently from the value of the resistor between the TOFF(MAX) pin and ground. ERROR AMPLIFIER PIN (EAOUT) The EAOUT pin is the output of the internal error amplifier. The output stage of the amplifier is an open-collector transistor. It is normally connected to the TON/SS pin via an external resistor. The non-inverting input of the error amplifier is internally tied to a trimmed 1.25 V reference. The error amplifier is short-circuit protected. ERROR AMPLIFIER INPUT PIN (EAINV) The EAINV pin (the inverting input of the error amplifier) serves for receiving either an external voltage-feedback or an external current-feedback signal. The compensating network of the feedback loop is usually connected between the EAINV and the EAOUT pins. TURN-ON TIMING / SOFT-START PIN (TON / SS) The on-time is inversely proportional to the current flowing in the resistor connected between this pin and the EAOUT pin. The TON/SS pin is also useful for providing Soft-Start at turn-on. Soft-Start can be achieved by connecting the series combination of a resistor and capacitor between the TON/SS pin and ground. When the normal operation of the IC is enabled (either because the VCC voltage exceeds the upper UVLO threshold or because the IC is turned on by the Enable pin), the Soft-Start capacitor, which was initially discharged, begins to charge up through the series resistor. The charging current adds to the current flowing in the ontime-setting resistor and sets a shorter on time. As the voltage builds up across the soft-start capacitor the charging current gradually decreases and the on time gradually increases. At normal operation a voltage-to-current converter formed by A2 and Q2 keeps the voltage of the TON/SS pin at 2 V. The current flowing through R2 and the external resistor connected to the TON/SS pin and ground is mirrored with Q3 and Q4 into a second mirror formed by Q5 and Q6. The diode-connected section of the second mirror is shorted with the transistor Q7 via Q8 when the current switch latch is reset. MAXIMUM TURNOFF TIMING PIN (TOFF(MAX)) An external resistor connected between this pin and ground sets the current that charges the timing capacitor. The maximum possible off time is inversely proportional to the value of that current. As discussed previously, when the off period is terminated by the zero-voltage detector, the actual off time becomes shorter than the value set by this resistor. At normal operation the voltage of the TOFF (MAX) pin is kept at 2 V with the help of a voltage-to-current converter formed by the amplifier A1 and transistor Q1. The current flowing through the off time setting resistor and R1 is
Page 7
TK75020
PIN DESCRIPTION (CONT.)
mirrored by the transistors Q9 and Q10 and it charges the timing capacitor. The incoming mirror current is diverted from the mirror with transistor Q11 when the drive latch is set. OVERDISSIPATION PROTECTION PIN (ODP) The ODP pin is used to realize a protection against overdissipation of the power MOSFET due to the loss or absence of zero-voltage switching (ZVS). (ZVS can be lost if the load or the input voltage changes too much. ZVS is absent if the component values of the load network are far from optimal, or if the ZVD function is not implemented and the set off time is either too short or too long.) If ZVS is not present in a converter or inverter that was originally meant to operate with it, the MOSFET is turned on with a substantial voltage across it and the capacitor in parallel with it. Due to the periodic discharge of the parallel capacitor, a significant dissipation appears in the MOSFET. That dissipation is proportional to the switching frequency, the capacitance value, and the square of the voltage across the MOSFET at the instant of turn-on. The overdissipation protection works as follows: a current source is enabled when the MOSFET drain voltage is above the ZVD comparator threshold when the DRV pin voltage goes high. A short current pulse flows into the parallel combination of a resistor and capacitor connected between the ODP pin and ground and gradually begins to raise the pin voltage. When the pin voltage reaches about 0.7 V, the ODP latch is set via gate G4. The output signal of the ODP latch inhibits gate G3 and forces the drive output low. The output of the ODP latch also turns on transistors Q12-Q14. Q12 removes the 2 V reference signal from the noninverting input of amplifiers A1 and A2 . Q13 pulls down the EA OUT pin. The Soft-Start capacitor connected to the TON/ SS pin begins to discharge through the soft-start resistor (see application circuit) and the on-time setting resistor. When the voltage at the TON/SS pin drops below 2 VBE, the ODP discharge comparator turns on Q15, which pulls down the ODP pin voltage and discharges the capacitor connected to that pin. When the voltage at the TON/SS pin drops below a VBE, voltage the Soft-Start comparator resets the ODP latch. At that time the 2 V reference is enabled and a new Soft-Start cycle begins. The turnoff/soft restart cycle repeats until zero-voltage switching is reestablished. OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION PIN (OVP) The OVP pin is used to monitor the voltage across a Page 8 January 1999 TOKO, Inc. winding of the transformer in the CCFL inverter. When the OVP comparator detects an overvoltage, it initiates a shutdown via G4 and a Soft-Start cycle begins.
TK75020
APPLICATION INFORMATION
VSW
TOFF TON
2.0 V 0
VSW iSW
0 0.2 V / RSENSE
i SW ZVD CMP
TOFF(MAX)
CT
CMP4
DRV LATCH Q
NORMAL OPERATION
VSW
2.0 V 0
VBE 0
i SW
ODP
0
CMP7
CMP3
CMP2
TOFF(MAX)
3.0 V
CT
1.0 V
TON / S.S
OVERDISSIPATION PROTECTION
Page 9
TK75020
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
J1 1 2 3
VIN 6 TO 16 V
F1 1A
C4 22 16 V ODP VCC
C1 100 n R5 18 k
INV EAOUT
GND
D1 1N4148
J2 1 1 2 CCFL 220-250 mm
R1 68 k
CL
Gen. Note: Q2 is not required if Q1 is an avalanche rated FET Gen. Note: Part #CTX01-13154 (Call Toko Technical Support (719) 528-2200).
Page 10
TK75020
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
Marking 75020
SOP-14
0.76
TK75020
14
1.27
1.27
3.9
8.65
0.5
1.45
+ 0.3
1.64
0 ~10
0.42
0.12 l
0.1
0.25 max
e 1.27
+ 0.3
6.07
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
0.2
e1
5.4
Page 11
Printed in the USA
TK75050
SMART MOSFET DRIVER FEATURES
s 20 ns Rise and Fall Times into 1000 pF s 550 A Standby Current Consumption s Undervoltage Lockout Combined with First Pulse Wake-Up Feature * s Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limiting s Current Sense Voltage Spike Cancellation when Used with Gate Charge Recovery Circuit * s Thermal Overload Protection s TTL/CMOS Compatible Input
APPLICATIONS
s s s s Driving of Power MOSFETs and IGBTs Switch Mode Power Supplies Step Motor Drivers Solenoid Drivers
DESCRIPTION
The TK75050 is a non-inverting buffer to drive high power insulated gate transistors (e.g., MOSFETs and IGBTs). The output can source or sink 2 A into a 10,000 pF equivalent load. The IC features built-in cycle-by-cycle current limiting. Its Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) circuit is combined with a First Pulse Wake-up Feature*. The chip has thermal overload protection. Using the IC in the Gate Charge Recovery* application, the switching spike developed across the current sense resistor practically becomes negligible. Due to its low standby current and first-pulse wake-up feature, the device can be used in selfbiased power supplies. The IC's high-speed cycle-bycycle current limiting capability eliminates the short circuit runaway problem which characterizes most currentcontrolled converters. The IC is well suited to provide supplementary overload protection in voltage-controlled converters, too. The TK75050 is available in the widely used 8-pin DIP package.
*Toko proprietary feature: See "Application Information" section.
UVLO 11/10 V STARTUP R Q EN BIAS EN INPUT OUTPUT 1.6/1.0 V OVERLOAD R Q S PGND/CS T 155/80 C THERMAL OVERLOAD CURRENT OVERLOAD 1.0/0.9 V S
TK75050
PGND/CS
INPUT
7505
GND GND
GND GND
OUTPUT
VCC
BLOCK DIAGRAM
VCC
ORDERING INFORMATION
TK75050D
Tape/Reel Code Temperature Code PACKAGE CODE
D: DIP-8
GND
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left
Page 1
TK75050
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage (Low Impedance Source) ................ 14 V Power Dissipation TK75050D (Note 1) .............. 825 mW Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ...................-20 to +70 C Extended Temperature Range ................... -40 to +85 C Junction Temperature .......................................... 150 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ..................... 235 C
POWER SUPPLY SECTION ICC(STBY) ICC(L) ICC(H) ICC(SD) IPGND/CS Supply Current (Standby), (Note 2) Supply Current (Output LOW) Supply Current (Output HIGH) Suppy Current (Output SHUTDOWN) PGND/CS Current (Output LOW) VIN = 0 V Before Wake-Up VIN = 0 V After Wake-Up VIN = 2.4 V After Wake-up Current or Thermal Overload VIN = 0 V After Wake-up 55 0 17 14 19 4 1000 26 18 24 10 A mA mA mA mA
UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT SECTION VCC(ON) VCC(OFF) Suppy Voltage (UVLO HIGH Threshold) Suppy Voltage (UVLO LOW Threshold) VCC Sweeps Upward VCC Sweeps Downward 10.4 9.3 11.0 10.0 11.4 10.4 V V
INPUT SECTION VIN(L) VIN(H) IIN(L) IIN(H) VIN(WU) Input Voltage (LOW Threshold) Input Voltage (HIGH Threshold) Input Current (LOW) Input Current (HIGH) Input Voltage (Wake-up Threshold) VIN = 0 V VIN = 2.4 V 0.5 -250 0.6 1.0 1.6 -100 10 1.25 25 2.25 2.1 V V A A V
OUTPUT SECTION VOUT(L) Output Voltage (LOW) ISINK = 50 mA ISINK = 1.0 A Output Voltage (HIGH) Maximum Output Sink or Source Current, (Note 3) Standby Output Pull-down Current ISOURCE = 50 mA ISOURCE = 1.0 A CL = 10,000 pF VCC = 9 V VOUT = 8 V VOUT = 2 V 1 0.3 9.7 8.0 0.25 3.0 10.5 9.5 2.0 2.5 0.7 0.5 3.8 V V V V A mA mA
Page 2
TK75050
TK75050 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
Test conditions: VCC = 12 V, TA = Tj = Full Operating Temperature Range, DC Test Setup 1, unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
THERMAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION SECTION Tj(OFF) Junction Temperature, Thermal Overload Shutdown Threshold, (Note 3) Temperature Sweeps Upward in Normal Mode 150 C
Tj(ON)
Junction Temperature, Turn Back to Temperature Sweeps Downward Normal Mode Threshold, (Note 3) in Thermal Shutdown Mode
80
CURRENT OVERLOAD PROTECTION SECTION VCL VCL(HYST) Current Sense Voltage, Current Limit Threshold Current Sense Voltage, Current Limit Hysteresis, (Note 3) VCS Sweeps Upward, TA = 25 C, DC Test Setup 2 DC Test Setup 2 0.8 0.95 100 1.1 V mV
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS tDR tR tDF tF tD(COS) Delay Time (RISE) Rise Time Delay Time (FALL) Fall Time Delay Time, Current Overload Shutdown, (Note 3) CL = 1000 pF, AC Test Setup 3 CL = 1000 pF, AC Test Setup 3 CL = 1000 pF, AC Test Setup 3 CL = 1000 pF, AC Test Setup 3 CL = 1000 pF, VCS = 200 mV, AC Test Setup 3 20 20 20 20 120 45 40 45 40 ns ns ns ns ns
Note 1: Power dissipation is 825 mW when mounted. Derate at 6.6 mW/C for operation above 25C. Note 2: Conditions for "wake-up": either 1) VIN exceeds VIN(H), stays above VIN(L), and VCC passes VCC(ON) or 2) VCC exceeds VCC(ON), stays above VCC(OFF), and VIN exceeds VIN(H). Conditions for "standby": either 1) VCC never exceeds VCC(ON) or 2) VCC drops below VCC(OFF) or 3) VIN never exceeds VIN(H). Note 3: Guaranteed by design; not 100% tested.
Page 3
TK75050
TEST CIRCUITS
DC TEST SETUP 1 DC TEST SETUP 2
+ 100 nF 10 F
+ VIN GND
PGND/CS + VCS -
Note: SW1 and SW2 are open by default. To avoid excessive dissipation, they are exclusively closed only for less than 100 ms to measure the appropriate output voltages VOUT(H) and VOUT(L) at specified currents ISOURCE and ISINK, respectively.
AC TEST SETUP 3
+ 100 nF 10 F VCC IN SYNCH VIN PULSE GENERATOR GND Ch A TRIG Ch B OUT PGND/CS
+ VCC ZOOM IN
+TRIG
-TRIG
1.0 V t
90 % 10 % t tR tF
OSCILLOSCOPE
AC TEST SETUP 4
+ 100 nF 10 F VCC VIN (t) f = 10 kHz D = 1:1 Level = TTL TRIG IN GND IN OUT PGND/CS
+ VCC -
ZOOM IN VCL = 1 V
VCS =
50 mV 200 mV
VCS ADJ +TRIG t OSCILLOSCOPE Ch C VOUT (t) t t VOUT(L) tD(COS) VCS (t) tW = 10 s ZOOM IN VOUT(H) t 90 %
PULSE GENERATOR1
VCS (t) 10
SYNCH OUT
Page 4
TK75050
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
18 ICC (mA) 16
ICC(H)
18 ICC(AVG) (mA) 16 14 12
VCC = 5 V
TA = 25 C
ICC(L)
500
VCC = 10 V
TA = 125 C
75
125
-25
25 TA (C)
75
125
10 0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
FREQUENCY (kHz)
15
ACTIVE MODE
11.0
ICC (mA)
1.6
VIN(H)
10
10.5
VCC(OFF)
1.2
VIN(L)
5
SLEEP MODE
10.0
0.8 75 125
-25
25 TA (C)
75
125
TIME (ns)
VOUT (V)
24
tF
0.8
VOUT(L)
20
tR
-25
25 TA (C)
75
125
Page 5
TK75050
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
VCC = 12 V CL = 1000 pF
32 28 24
tDR
200
VCS = 50 mV
tDF
150 100
VCS = 100 mV VCS = 200 mV
Page 6
TK75050
PIN DESCRIPTION
SUPPLY VOLTAGE PIN (VCC) This pin is connected to the supply voltage. Regardless of the state of the other pins, the IC is always in a low-current standby mode when the supply voltage is below the lower threshold of the undervoltage lockout circuit. The IC enters normal mode when two conditions are met simultaneously: 1) the supply voltage exceeds the upper threshold of the undervoltage lockout circuit, and 2) a "first" pulse arrives at the input. That first pulse "wakes up" the IC ( i.e., it enables the highspeed internal circuitry). The First Pulse Wake-Up is a proprietary feature of theTK75050. The feature is proprietary, but use is granted for use with the IC. That feature is indispensable in off-line self-biased powersupply applications where the start-up current is provided by a large-value resistor connected between the rectified line and the IC (see Figure 1). Without the First Pulse Wake-up, the starting current would be equal to the normal supply current, which is prohibitively large for a self-biased start. GROUND PIN (GND) This pin provides ground return connection for the smallsignal portion of the IC. The return of the output stage is not connected here, but to the floating power GND pin. OUTPUT PIN This pin drives the external MOSFET using a totem pole output stage. The peak drive source or sink current is typically 2 A into a 10,000 pF equivalent load. The UVLO circuity ensures that the high-level output voltage will never be less than about 7 V. In standby mode, the output stage is equivalent to a pull-down resistor of about 3 k value, eliminating the need for an external gate to source resistor. Normally, there is no need to add a Schottky diode between the output and ground. In applications, however, with heavy capacitive load located far from the IC or when the IC drives a transformer, the Schottky diode may become necessary. INPUT PIN The input pin receives the signal to be buffered. The incoming signal is processed by a comparator with a 600 mV hysteresis centered around a threshold of about 1.3 V. The hysteresis ensures that noise riding on the input signal does not cause spurious response at the output.
POWER GROUND/CURRENT SENSE PIN (PGND/CS) This pin has two distinct functions: 1) it provides a separate, fully floating return path for the turnoff drive current of the output stage and, thus, reduces the internal noise of the IC; 2) by connecting the pin to a current-sense resistor, the IC acts as a fast cycle-by-cycle current limiter. When the voltage between the power-ground pin (PGND/ CS) and the signal-ground pin (GND) exceeds the 0.95 V current-limit threshold, the drive signal is terminated for the remainder of the time while the input signal is high. Once the input signal returned to zero, the latch that stored the information about the presence of the overcurrent is reset, and the IC is ready to acquire another overcurrent event in the next cycle.
Page 7
TK75050
APPLICATION INFORMATION
START-UP Figure 1 shows the application of the TK75050 smart MOSFET driver in a self-biased power supply.
VIN
granted for use with the TK75050. For a detailed description and application information of the Gate Charge Recovery technique, see the Toko application note "Application Considerations for a Smart Five-Pin MOSFET/IGBT Driver with High-Speed Current-Limit Capability."
+
VAUX RF IN
VCC TK75050 +
IN VCC CF OUT OUT 0.95 V
PWM CONTROLLER
GND
VCS(t)
CF IS CONNECTED TO PGND/CS
FIGURE 1: TK75050 IN A SELF-BIASED POWER SUPPLY Figure 2 shows the typical waveforms during start-up.
(a)
(b)
FIGURE 3: CYCLE-BY-CYCLE CURRENT LIMIT WITH THE TK75050 (a) SCHEMATIC (b) WAVEFORMS MAIN OVERLOAD PROTECTION IN VOLTAGEMODE-CONTROLLED CONVERTERS Figure 4 shows the TK75050 in a voltage-mode-controlled flyback converter. In this application example, the IC provides the main overload protection.
PWM ENABLE BOOTSTRAP REGULATION BEGINS UVLO UPPER THRESHOLD UVLO LOWER THRESHOLD VCC (t)
VIN
CYCLE-BY-CYCLE CURRENT LIMIT Figure 3(a) shows how to use the TK75050 as a highspeed cycle-by-cycle current limiter. Figure 3(b) shows the waveforms. Note that the preferred connection for the bottom terminal of the filter capacitor CF is to the PGND/CS pin and not to the GND pin. By connecting CF to the PGND/ CS pin, the capacitive feedthrough of the drive signal that would appear as a leading-edge spike in the current-sense waveform is completely eliminated. This technique, called "Gate Charge Recovery" is patented by Toko, Inc., but is Page 8
TK75050
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
ADDITIONAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION IN PEAKCURRENT-CONTROLLED CONVERTERS Figure 5 shows the TK75050 in a current-mode-controlled forward converter, with optically isolated feedback. In this application the TK75050 helps to achieve a tightly controlled current-limit-characteristic. A tight current limit cannot usually be achieved with only current-mode control due to the presence of the stabilizing ramp. The lack of the stabilizing ensures that the knee current (i.e., the output current where the limiting begins) is only slightly lower than the short-circuit current. The difference between the knee current and the short-circuit current is about one-half of the ripple current in the filter inductor. If a stabilizing ramp were added to the current-sense signal, the difference would be significantly higher.
VIN
VIN
+12 V
TK75050
+ FEEDBACK
FIGURE 6: TK75050 IN A CONVERTER WITH AVERAGE CURRENT CONTROL FLOATING DRIVE WITH OVERLOAD PROTECTION
+ +12 V
OC TK75050
The TK75050 can be used as a driver and current limiter for a floating power switch. Figure 7 shows the IC in a buck converter with transformer-isolated drive.
VIN
FIGURE 5: TK75050 IN A PEAK-CURRENTCONTROLLED CONVERTER ADDITIONAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION IN AVERAGECURRENT-CONTROLLED CONVERTERS In converters with average current control the peak current information is lost and the response of the current-control loop slows down. The speed of the current-control loop may not be sufficient to provide effective protection against sudden overload or saturation of an inductor or transformer. Figure 6 shows an average-current-controlled boost converter where the TK75050 provides additional fast overload protection.
TK75050
FIGURE 7: TK75050 AS A FLOATING DRIVER IN A BUCK CONVERTER DEMO BOARD The purpose of the board is to demonstrate the high-speed current-limit capability of Toko's TK75050 smart MOSFET driver. In the board a 2-A/500 V MOSFET switch is turned on directly (i.e., without any series impedance) into a DCbus with up to 400 V, at a frequency of 30 kHz. By removing the short across a 3.3 H inductor in series with the MOSFET, it is also possible to investigate the effect of the wiring inductance between the switch and the load. In Page 9
TK75050
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
addition to the short-circuit protection, the board also illustrates how to use the IC for driving and protecting a floating switch. CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC Figure 8 shows the circuit schematic. The operation is as follows: U1, a 5-pin PWM IC (TK75001) generates a 30 kHz square-wave signal, with about 15 V peak-to-peak magnitude and 44% duty ratio. That square-wave signal is connected to the primary winding of a pulse transformer T1 through a coupling capacitor C9 and a small series resistor R11. A voltagedoubler comprising C3, C4, D3 and D4 rectifies the transformed square wave appearing across the secondary winding of the transformer, generating a floating supply voltage of about 12 V for the MOSFET driver IC U2 (TK75050). A drive signal is derived for U2 from the voltage across the diode D4 with the help of the resistive divider R3 and R2. The output of U2 (pin 3) is connected to the gate of the MOSFET Q1 through a 150 ohm resistor R4 and a parallel diode D5. The current of the MOSFET switch is sensed by resistor R5. D6 and D7 protect the PGND/CS pin (pin 1) of U2 from excessive voltage; D8 and D9 prevent the voltages of pins 3 and 1 from swinging below ground by more than 0.3 V. The MOSFET Q1 is connected to a DC-bus through a small inductor L1. That inductor represents the inductance of a wire connection to a load, which is at a distance of approximately 1 meter from the MOSFET. By placing a short across jumper JP1, we can emulate the case when the free-wheeling diode in a buck or boost converter fails. If the inductor L1 is not shorted, a clamp comprising D10, C6 and R7 limits the drain voltage excursion of Q1 to about 60 V above the bus voltage. A test loop is provided for clamp-on type current probes to monitor the current in the MOSFET Q1. Test points TP1 through TP4 are available for measuring the dc bus voltage and the voltage across Q1. The DC-bus is generated by rectifying the line voltage with a bridge rectifier (in the case of 230 VRMS line) or with a voltage doubler (in the case of 115 VRMS line, when jumper JP2 is shorted). Alternatively, a DC source of not more than 400 V can be connected to the line terminals.
Notes: (1) Leave JP2 open if you connect more than 250 V dc voltage to the line terminals, otherwise the excess voltage across C7 or C8 can lead to failure of the capacitor. (2) Never operate the circuit from 230 VRMS line with the jumper JP2 shorted. In such a case excess bus voltage will develop that will destroy capacitor C7 and C8 and transistor Q1.
TEST LOOP FOR CURRENT PROBE F1 1A SLOW
TP4 TEST POINT FOR VOLTAGE OBSERVATION +15 V TP5 D5 Q1 R10 1k D11 1N5226B (3.3 V) D2 C2 1.5 n FB GND VCC + C1 CT GND DRV U1 TK75001 D1 n1 T1 n2 D4 D7 Q1: IRF820 (IR PREFERRED) R3 HS1: HS121-ND (DIGI-KEY, AAVID) 10 k D1, D2, D5, D8, D9: 1N5817 22 k D3, D4, D6, D7: 1N4148 D10: BYV26C D12-15: 1N4005 C1, C4: 10 , 25 V C6: 15 n, 630 V(e.g. ECQ-E6153KF, PANASONIC) C7, C8: 2.2 , 250 V (PANASONIC SU SERIES, RADIAL, ECE-A2EU2R2) L1: 3.3. , 4 A (e.g. R622LY-3R3M, TOKO) T1: RM5/i, 3E1 (PHILIPS), n1 = 40, n2 = 46, SINGLE LAYER WINDINGS, WIRE SIZE TO FILL THE BOBBIN MYLAR INSULATION BETWEEN LAYERS, FOR 1 kV BETWEEN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY JP2: OPEN AT 230 V, SHORTED AT 115 V. R2 D6 C3 1 U2 TK75050 VCC 10 C5 + 0.1 C4 GND IN GND PGND/CS D9 R6 10 OUT R4 150 C9 1 R11 10 D3 D8
HS1
D10 R7
R1
R5 0.47 1W
C6
1k 1W
TP3
TP1
TP2
TK75050
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
Figures 9 and 10 show the measured voltages across Q1 (top trace) and the currents in Q1 (bottom trace). Figure 9 shows the wave forms when there is no inductor in series with Q1 (i.e., L1 is shorted). Figure 10 shows the waveforms when there is an inductor in series with Q1 (i.e., L1 is not shorted). The vertical scales are 100 V/div. (top trace) and 1 A/div (bottom trace). The horizontal scales are 25 ns/div. As can be seen, the peak currents stay below 2.5 A (Figure 9) or 2.8 A (Figure 10). Those numbers correspond to 25% or 40% overshoots above the nominal current-limit threshold of 2 A. Both figures show that the IC shuts off the MOSFET completely in less than 50 ns after the current passed the 2 A threshold. The measured average DC current consumption at a bus voltage of 400 V and a switching frequency of 30 kHz is 4.3 mA when L1 is shorted (Figure 9) and 5.3 mA when L1 is not shorted (Figure 10). SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS/LIABILITY DISCLAIMER Dangerous voltages are present in the demo board. Extreme caution must be used when using and testing the circuit. Only trained personnel, experienced in working with high voltages and power, should operate it. Use an isolating transformer between the line and the circuit if any grounded instrument (including the 20 V auxiliary supply for the square-wave generator at the primary side of transformer T1) is to be connected to the board. Note: Although the two windings of transformer T1 are isolated from each other, the transformer is not designed to provide safety isolation between those windings. Toko, Inc. disclaims any and all liability arising from use or misuse of the demo board described herein.
400V
0V
2A
0A
25ns/div.
FIGURE 9
400V
0V
2A
0A
25ns/div.
FIGURE 10
Page 11
TK75050
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
8 5 Marking
DIP-8
TK75050
Lot Number
Marking 75050
6.4
Country of Origin 1 4 9.5
3.3
0.5 min
3.3
+ 0.3
3.8
+ 0.3
0.25
e + 0.15 - 0.05
+ 0.15 - 0.05
e1
7.62
0~
15
2.54
0.46
0.25
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 12
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-164-TK75050 0798O0.0K
TK83854
HIGH POWER FACTOR PREREGULATOR FEATURES
s s s s s s Control Boost PWM to 0.99 Power Factor Limit Line Current Distortion to < 5% Worldwide Operation without Switches Feed-Forward Line Regulation Low Noise Sensitivity Pin Compatible with UC2854, and UC3854 (Licensed Source)
FEATURES (CONT.)
s s s s s Low Start-Up Supply Current Fixed-Frequency PWM Drive Low-Offset Analog Multiplier/Divider 1 Amp Totem-Pole Gate Driver Precision Voltage Reference
DESCRIPTION
The TK83854 family of integrated circuits provide active power factor correction for power systems that otherwise would draw non-sinusoidal current from sinusoidal power lines. These parts implement all the control functions necessary to build a power supply preregulator capable of optimally using available power-line current while minimizing line-current distortion. To do this, the TK83854 contains a voltage amplifier, a precision analog multiplier/ divider, a current amplifier, and a fixed-frequency PWM. In addition, the TK83854 contains a power MOSFET gate driver, 7.5 V reference, line anticipator, load-enable comparator, low supply detector, and overcurrent comparator. The TK83854 family uses average current-mode control to accomplish fixed-frequency current control with stability and low distortion. Unlike peak current-mode control, average current control accurately maintains sinusoidal line current without slope compensation. The TK83854's high reference voltage and high oscillator amplitude minimize noise sensitivity while fast PWM elements permit chopping frequencies above 200 kHz. The TK83854 can be used in systems with line voltages that vary from 75 to 275 V and with line frequencies across the 50 Hz to 400 Hz range. To reduce the burden on the
ENA
circuitry that supplies power to this device, the TK83854 family features low start-up supply current. These devices are available in 16-pin plastic dual in-line (DIP) and 16-pin surface mount (SOP) packages.
TK83854
838 54
SOP-16
3854
DIP-16
BLOCK DIAGRAM
VAOUT VCC 16/10 V 7-5 V REF RUN 2.5/2.25 V 7.5 V VSENSE IM = AB C A B X2 C R R S RUN Q 15 V GTDRV MULTOUT CAOUT PKLMT Vref IC POWER VCC
ORDERING INFORMATION
TK83854
Tape/Reel Code Package Code Extended Temp. Range
IAC VRMS SS
14 A
OSC
PACKAGE CODE
D: DIP-16 M: SOP-16
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left MG: Magazine
ISENSE
CT
RSET
GND
Page 1
TK83854
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 35 V Power Dissipation TK83854D (Note 1) ..................... 1 W Power Dissipation TK83854M (Note 2) .............. 750 mW GTDRV Current (Continuous) ................................. 0.5 A GTDRV Current (50% Duty Cycle) .......................... 1.5 A Input Voltage (VSENSE, VRMS) .................................... 11 V Input Voltage (ENA, ISENSE, MULTOUT) .................. 11 V Input Voltage (PKLMT) ............................................... 5 V Input Voltage (IAC, RSET, PKLMT) ........................ 10 mA Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ...................... 0 to +70 C Extended Temperature Range ................... -40 to +85 C Junction Temperature .......................................... 150 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ..................... 235 C
VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER VOS(VA) IB(VA) AOL(VA) VOUT(VA) ISC(VA) ISS Voltage Amp Offset Voltage VSENSE Bias Current Voltage Amp Gain Voltage Amp Output Swing Voltage Amp Short Circuit Current VAOUT = 0 V SS Current SS = 2.5 V -30 -20 VAOUT = 0 V -8 -500 70 -25 100 0.5 to 5.8 -12 -14 -5 -6 8 500 mV nA dB V mA A
CURRENT AMPLIFIER VOS(CA) IB(CA) AOL(CA) VOUT(CA) Current Amp Offset Voltage ISENSE Bias Current Current Amp Gain Current Amp Output Swing -4 -500 80 -120 110 0.5 to 16 4 500 mV nA dB V
Note 1: Power dissipation is 1 W when mounted as recommended. Derate at 8 mW/C for operation above 25C. Note 2: Power dissipation is 750 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 3.3 mW/C for operation above 25C. Gen. Note: All voltages with respect to GND (Pin 1). Gen. Note: All currents are positive into the specified terminal.
Page 2
TK83854
TK83854 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
Test conditions: VCC = 18 V, RSET = 15 k to GND, CT = 1.5 nF, PKLMT = 1 V, ENA = 7.5 V, VRMS = 1.5 V, IAC = 100 A, VISENSE = 0 V, VOUT(CA) = 3.5 V, VOUT(VA) = 5 V, VSENSE = 7.5 V, No load on SS, CAOUT, VAOUT, Vref, GTDRV, TA = Operating Temperature Range, unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
CURRENT AMPLIFIER ISC(CA) V(ISENSE) GBW Current Amp Short Circuit Current Input Range, ISENSE, MULTOUT Current Amp Gain-BW Product TA = 25 C (Note 3) CAOUT = 0 V -30 -0.3 to 2.5 400 800 -12 -5 mA V kHz
REFERENCE Vref Vref(LOAD) Vref(LINE) Iref(SC) Reference Voltage Vref Load Regulation Vref Line Regulation Vref Short Circuit Current Iref = 0 mA, TA = 25 C Iref = 0 mA, Over Temp. -10 mA < Iref < 0 mA 15 V < VCC < 35 V Vref = 0 V 7.4 7.35 -15 -10 -50 7.5 7.50 5 2 -28 7.6 7.65 15 10 -12 V V mV mV mA
PEAK LIMIT VOS(PL) IB(PL) tD(PL) PKLMT Offset Voltage PKLMT Input Current PKLMT to GTDRV Prop. Delay PKLMT = -0.1 V PKLMT falling from 50 mV to -50 mV -10 -200 -100 175 10 mV A ns
GATE DRIVER VG(MAX) VGH VGL(OFF) VGL IG(PK) tR(G) / tF(G) DMAX Maximum GTDRV Output Voltage GTDRV Output Voltage HIGH GTDRV Output Voltage LOW, OFF GTDRV Output Voltage LOW, 10 mA Sink Peak GTDRV Current GTDRV Rise/Fall Time GTDRV Maximum Duty Cycle 10 nF Load 1 nF Load CAOUT = 7 V 0. 1 1.0 35 95 0.4 V A ns % 18 V < VCC < 35 V, No Load 200 mA Source, VCC = 15 V 50 mA Sink, VCC = 0 V 200 mA Sink 13.0 12.0 14.5 12.8 0.9 1.0 1.5 2.2 18.0 V V V V
Note 3: Guaranteed by design; not 100% tested. Gen Note: ENA input is internally clamped to approximately 14 V.
Page 3
TK83854
TK83854 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
Test conditions: VCC = 18 V, RSET = 15 k to GND, CT = 1.5 nF, PKLMT = 1 V, ENA = 7.5 V, VRMS = 1.5 V, IAC = 100 A, VISENSE = 0 V, VOUT(CA) = 3.5 V, VOUT(VA) = 5 V, VSENSE = 7.5 V, No load on SS, CAOUT, VAOUT, Vref, GTDRV, TA = Operating Temperature Range, unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
IAC = 100 A, RSET = 10 k IAC = 0 A, RSET = 15 k IAC = 450 A, RSET = 15 k, VRMS = 1 V, VA = 6 V IAC = 50 A, VRMS = 2 V, VA = 4 V IAC = 100 A, VRMS = 2 V, VA = 2 V
A A A A A A A A V
I OM
(Note 4)
OSCILLATOR fOSC VRP VRV Oscillator Frequency CT Ramp Peak-to-Peak Amplitude CT Ramp Valley Voltage RSET = 15 k RSET = 8.2 k 46 86 4. 9 0.8 55 102 5.4 1.1 62 118 5.9 1.3 kHz kHz V V
Note 4: Multiplier gain constant (K) is defined by IOM = [K x IIAC x (VOUT(VA) - 1)] / VRMS2.
Page 4
TK83854
TEST CIRCUIT
GND PKLMT CAOUT ISENSE CAOUT 10 k 10 nF IAC MULTOUT NC IAC 10 k B A 10 k 100 MULT 7.5 V IM = (AB) / C RSET VSENSE C ENA Vref 10 F 0.1 F 100 ENA NC GTDRV VCC 1.0 nF NC CT 0.01 nF SS 8.2 k 10 k 15 k 0.1 nF
0.39 nF 1.0 nF
NC VCC
PKLMT
VAOUT V RMS
VAOUT 10 k VRMS 10 nF
10 k
100 80 60 40 20
OPEN LOOP GAIN
100 80 60 40 20
OPEN LOOP GAIN
0 -20 0.1
FREQUENCY (kHz)
FREQUENCY (kHz)
GATE DRIVE RISE AND FALL TIMES vs. LOAD CAPACITANCE 700
MULTOUT (A)
400
MULTOUT = 1 V MULTOUT = 2 V
500
FALL TIME
RISE TIME
300
200
MULTOUT = 3 V
200
600
800
1 1
CLOAD (F)
Page 5
TK83854
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = TJ = 25 C
MULTIPLIER OUTPUT vs. MULTIPLIER INPUT (MULTOUT = 0 V) 140 V(rms) = 5 V MULT OUT (A) 100
VAOUT = 5 V VAOUT = 3 V
120
VAOUT = 5 V VAOUT = 4 V
200 150
VAOUT = 5 V
80
VAOUT = 3 V
VAOUT = 3 V
60
100 50
VAOUT = 2 V
40
VAOUT = 2 V
20 0 100 200
VAOUT = 1.25 V
VAOUT = 1.25 V
100
200
300
400
500
VAOUT = 1.25 V
100
200
300
400
500
300
400
500
IAC (A)
IAC (A)
IAC (A)
Page 6
TK83854
PIN DESCRIPTION
GROUND PIN (GND) All voltages are measured with respect to GND. VCC and Vref should be bypassed directly to GND with a 0.1 F or larger ceramic capacitor. The timing capacitor discharge current also returns to this pin, so the lead from the oscillator timing capacitor to GND should also be as short and as direct as possible. PEAK LIMIT (PKLMT) The threshold for PKLMT is GND. Connect this input to the negative voltage on the current sense resistor as shown in Figure 1. Use a resistor to Vref to offset the negative current sense signal up to GND. CURRENT AMPLIFIER OUTPUT (CAOUT) This is the output of a wide-bandwidth op-amp that senses line current and commands the Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) to force the correct current. This output can swing close to GND, allowing the PWM to force zero duty cycle when necessary. The current amplifier will remain active even if the IC is disabled. CURRENT SENSE MINUS (ISENSE) This is the inverting input to the current amplifier. This input and the non-inverting input MULTOUT remain functional down to and below GND. Care should be taken to avoid taking these inputs below 0.5 V, because they are protected with diodes to GND. MULTIPLIER OUTPUT AND CURRENT SENSE PLUS (MULTOUT) The output of the analog multiplier and the non-inverting input of the current amplifier are connected together at MULTOUT. The cautions about taking ISENSE below 0.5 V also apply to MULTOUT. As the multiplier output is a current, this is a high impedance input similar to ISENSE, so the current amplifier can be configured as a differential amplifier to reject GND noise. Figure 1 shows an example of using the current amplifier differentially. INPUT AC CURRENT (IAC) This input to the analog multiplier is a current. The multiplier is tailored for very low distortion from this current input (IAC to MULTOUT), so this is the only multiplier input that should January 1999 TOKO, Inc. Page 7 be used for sensing instantaneous line voltage. The nominal voltage on IAC is 6 V, so in addition to a resistor from IAC to rectified line, connect a resistor from IAC to Vref. If the resistor to Vref is one-fourth of the value of the resistor to the rectifier, then the 6 V offset will be cancelled, and the line current will have minimal crossover distortion. VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER OUTPUT (VAOUT) This is the output of the op-amp that regulates output voltage. Like the current amplifier, the voltage amplifier will also stay active even if the IC is disabled with either ENA or VCC. This means that large feedback capacitors across the amplifier will stay charged through momentary disable cycles. Voltage amplifier output levels below ~1 V will inhibit multiplier output. RMS LINE VOLTAGE (V(rms)) The output of a boost PWM is proportional to the input voltage, so when the line voltage into a low-bandwidth boost PWM voltage regulator changes, the output will change immediately and slowly recover to the regulated level. For these devices, the V(rms) input compensates for line voltage changes if it is connected to a voltage proportional to the RMS input line voltage. For best control, the VRMS voltage should stay between 1.5 V and 3.5 V. VOLTAGE REFERENCE OUTPUT (Vref) Vref is the output of an accurate 7.5 V voltage reference. This output is capable of delivering 10 mA to peripheral circuitry and is internally short circuit current limited. Vref is disabled and will remain at 0 V when VCC is low or when ENA is low. Bypass Vref to GND with a 0.1 F or larger ceramic capacitor for best stability. ENABLE (ENA) ENA is a logic input that will enable the PWM output, voltage reference, and oscillator. ENA also will release the soft start clamp, allowing SS to rise. When unused, connect ENA to a +5 V supply or pull ENA high with a 22 k resistor. The ENA pin is not intended to be used as a high-speed shutdown to the GTDRV output.
TK83854
PIN DESCRIPTION (CONT.)
VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER INVERTING OUTPUT (VSENSE) This is normally connected to a feedback network and to the boost converter output through a divider network. OSCILLATOR CHARGING CURRENT AND MULTIPLIER LIMIT SET (RSET) A resistor from RSET to ground will program oscillator charging current and maximum multiplier output. Multiplier output current will not exceed 3.75 V divided by the resistor from RSET to ground. SOFT-START (SS) SS will remain at GND as long as the IC is disabled or VCC is too low. SS will pull up to over 8 V by an internal 14 A current source when both VCC becomes valid and the IC is enabled. SS will act as the reference input to the voltage amplifier if SS is below Vref. With a large capacitor from SS to GND, the reference to the voltage regulating amplifier will rise slowly, and increase the PWM duty cycle slowly. In the event of a disable command or a supply dropout, SS will quickly discharge to ground and disable the PWM. OSCILLATOR TIMING CAPACITOR (CT ) A capacitor from CT to GND will set the PWM oscillator frequency according to this relationship: interaction between the gate impedance and the GTDRV output driver that might cause the GTDRV output to overshoot excessively. Some overshoot of the GTDRV output is always expected when driving a capacitive load.
fOSC = 1.25 / (RSET x CT) POSITIVE SUPPLY VOLTAGE (VCC) Connect VCC to a stable source of at least 20 mA above 17 V for normal operation. Also bypass VCC directly to GND to absorb supply current spikes required to charge external MOSFET gate capacitances. To prevent inadequate GTDRV signals, these devices will be inhibited unless VCC exceeds the upper undervoltage lockout threshold and remains above the lower threshold. GATE DRIVER (GTDRV) The output of the PWM is a totem pole MOSFET gate driver on GTDRV. This output is internally clamped to 15 V so the IC can be operated with VCC as high as 35 V. Use a series gate resistor of at least 5 ohms to prevent Page 8 January 1999 TOKO, Inc.
TK83854
APPLICATION INFORMATION
A 250 W PREREGULATOR Figure 1 shows a typical application of the TK83854 as a preregulator with high power factor and efficiency. The assembly consists of two distinct parts, the control circuit centering on the TK83854 and the power section. The power section is a "boost" converter, with the inductor operating in the continuous mode. In this mode, the duty cycle is dependent on the ratio between input and output voltages. Also, the input current has low switching frequency ripple, which means that the line noise is low. Furthermore, the output voltage must be higher than the peak value of the highest expected AC line voltage, and all components must be rated accordingly. In the control section, the TK83854 provides PWM pulses to the power MOSFET gate (GTDRV, Pin 16). The duty cycle of this output is simultaneously controlled by four separate inputs to the chip: INPUT VSENSE IAC ISENSE /MULTOUT VRMS PIN # 11 6 4/5 8 FUNCTION Output DC Voltage Line Voltage Waveform Line Current RMS Line Voltage Soft-Start (SS) The voltage at Pin 13 (SS) can reduce the reference voltage used by the error amplifier to regulate the output DC voltage. With Pin 13 open, the reference voltage is typically 7.5 V. An internal current source delivers approximately 14 A from Pin 13. Thus, a capacitor connected between that pin and GND will charge linearly from zero to 7.5 V in 0.54 x C seconds, with C expressed in microfarads. Peak Current Limit (PKLMT) Use Pin 2 to establish the highest value of current to be controlled by the power MOSFET. With the resistor divider values shown in Figure 1, the 0.0 V threshold at Pin 2 is reached when the voltage drop across the 0.25 current sense resistor is 7.5 V x 1.6 k / 10 k = 1.2 V, corresponding to 4.8 A. A bypass capacitor from Pin 2 to ground is recommended to filter out very high frequency noise. CONTROL INPUTS Output DC Voltage Sense (VSENSE) The threshold voltage for the VSENSE input is 7.5 V and the input bias current is typically -10 nA. The values shown in Figure 1 are for an output voltage of 400 VDC. In this circuit, the voltage amplifier operates with a constant low frequency gain for minimum output excursions. The 0.047 F feedback capacitor places a 15 Hz pole in the voltage loop that prevents 120 Hz ripple from propagating to the output current. Line Waveform (IAC) In order to force the line current waveshape to follow the line voltage, a sample of the power line voltage waveform is introduced at Pin 6. This signal is multiplied by the output of the voltage amplifier in the internal multiplier to generate a reference signal for the current control loop. This input is not a voltage, but a current (hence IAC). It is set up by the 220 k and 910 k resistive divider (see Figure 1). The voltage at pin 6 is internally held at 6 V, and the two resistors are chosen so that the current flowing into pin 6 varies from zero (at each zero crossing) to about 400 A at the peak of the waveshape. The following formulas were
Additional controls of an auxiliary nature are provided. They are intended to protect the switching power MOSFET from certain transient conditions, as follows: INPUT ENA SS PKLMT PIN # 10 13 2 FUNCTION Start-up Delay Soft Start Maximum Current Limit
PROTECTION INPUTS Enable (ENA) The ENA input must reach 2.5 V before the V ref and GTDRV outputs are enabled. This provides a means to shut down the gate in case of trouble, or to add a time delay at power up. A hysteresis gap of 200 mV is provided at this terminal to prevent erratic operation. Undervoltage protection is provided directly at Pin 15, where the on/off thresholds are 16 V and 10 V, respectively.
Page 9
TK83854
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
used to calculate these resistors: RIAC = VPK(MAX) / 400 E - 6 = (260 VAC x 2 ) / 400 A = 910 k RREF = RIAC / 4 = 220 k where VPK is the peak line voltage. Line Current (ISENSE/MULTOUT ) The voltage drop across the 0.25 current-sense resistor is applied to Pins 4 and 5 as shown. The current-sense amplifier also operates with high low-frequency gain, but unlike the voltage amplifier, it is set up to give the currentcontrol loop a very wide bandwidth. This enables the line current to follow the line voltage as closely as possible. In the present example, this amplifier has a zero at about 500 Hz, and a gain of about 18 dB thereafter. RMS Line Voltage (VRMS) An important feature of the TK83854 preregulator is that it can operate with a three-to-one range of input line voltages, covering everything from low line in Japan (85 VAC) to high line in Europe (255 VAC). This is done using line feedforward, which keeps the input power constant with varying input voltage (assuming constant load power). To do this, the multiplier divides the line current by the square of the rms value of the line voltage. The voltage applied to Pin 8, proportional to the average of the rectified line voltage (and proportional to the RMS value), is squared in the TK83854, and then used as a divisor by the multiplier block. The multiplier output, at Pin 5, is a current that increases with the current at Pin 6 and the voltage at Pin 7, and decreases with the square of the voltage at pin 8. PWM Frequency The PWM oscillator frequency in Figure 1 is 100 kHz. This value is determined by CT at Pin 14 and RSET at Pin 12. RSET should be chosen first because it affects the maximum value of IOM according to the equation: IOM(MAX) = -3.75 V / RSET This effectively sets a maximum PWM-controlled current. IRCS(MAX) = (-IOM(MAX) x 3.9 k) / 0.25 = -3.9 A Having selected RSET, the current sense resistor, and the resistor from MULTOUT to the current sense resistor, calculate CT for the desired PWM oscillator frequency from the equation: CT = 1.25 / (f OSC x RSET) It is also important to note that the multiplier output current will never exceed twice IAC. With the 3.9 k resistor from MULTOUT to the 0.25 current sense resistor, the maximum current in the current sense resistor will be: With RSET = 15 k: IOM(MAX) = -3.75 V / 15 k = -250 A
Page 10
TK83854
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
D9 F1 6A C1 0.47 F TH1 KC015L R21 24 K Q3 ZVN4206A R23 470 K Q2 D5 1N4148 D3 1N4746A R20 3K BR 1KBU8J ~ ~ + C5 0.47 F 0.25 R22 30 K TIP50GE D11 MUR110 C14 0.1 F C17 0.1 F C6 0.047 F D12 MUR110 R27 PKLMT 8.2 M VCC R13 75 K R25 910 K R8 910 K R28 220 K R12 27 K VSENSE IAC B R9 91 K VRMS SS 14 A X2 C ILIMIT RUN R10 20 K + C12 0.1 F C7 0.47 F C16 1 F C9 220 F C10 0.01 F CT C11 1000 pF RSET R14 15 k GND 1 OSC R R S Q 16 V VAOUT MULTOUT ISENSE ENA 2.5 V 7.5 V AB IM = C A 15 V GTDRV D4 1N5821 7-5 V REF RUN D10 1N4737 R7 240 K D13 1N4148 R3 3.9 K R16 20 R2 3.9 K C15 680 pF
R6 24 K
1N5406 L1 1 mH
R1
D2 MUR860 Q1 IRF840
C2 330 F
C13 D7 68 pF 1N5817
R4 1.6 K
C3 270 pF
D8 1N5817 R29 10 K
C4 1 F
Vref IC POWER
VCC
Page 11
TK83854
PACKAGE OUTLINE
0.76
SOP-16
16
9 9.53
1.7
Marking Information
e1
TK83854
7.5
e
Marking 83854
1.27
2.3
0.7
+0.15 -0.05
0.4
e 0.12 l 0.1
1.27
0 ~ 0.3
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
10.3
DIP-16
Marking 16 9
8 Country of Origin
Lot Number
19.05
6.35
3.3
+ 0.3
0.5 min
3.2
+ 0.3
4.2
0.25
2.54
0.5
e1
0.25
7.62
0~
15
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 12
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-167-TK83854 0798O0.0K
Function Temperature Sensor IC Temperature Sensor IC Temperature Sensor IC Temperature Sensor IC Temperature Sensor IC Temperature Sensor IC Temperature Sensor IC Temperature Controller IC Temperature Controller IC Temperature Sensor IC
Features Linear Output Voltage 10mV/C Output 4.5 to 10.0 Volt Supply Range Linear Output Voltage 6mV/C Output 2.7 to 10.0 Volt Supply Range Linear Output Voltage 5mV/C Output 2.4 to 10.0 Volt Supply Range Linear Output Voltage 10mV/C Output 2.4 to 8.0 Volt Supply Range Linear Output Voltage 10mV/C Output 4.5 to 10.0 Volt Supply Range Linear Output Voltage 6mV/C Output 2.7 to 10.0 Volt Supply Range Linear Output Voltage 5mV/C Output 2.4 to 10.0 Volt Supply Range Internal Temperature Sensor, Voltage Reference and Comparator Internal Temperature Sensor, Voltage Reference and Comparator Linear Output Voltage -8mV/C Output
TK11032
TK11033
TK11034
TK11041
TK11042
TK11043
TK11050
TK11051
TK11070
TK11031
TEMPERATURE SENSOR IC FEATURES
s s s s s s Linear Output Voltage 10 mV/C Output Active High On/Off Control 4.5 to 10.0 V Supply Range Miniature Package (SOT-25) Minimum External Parts Count Low Power Consumption
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s s Home and Industrial Thermostats Automotive Climate Control Battery Charger Temperature Monitor Notebook Computer Temperature Monitor Electronic Thermometers Fish Finder Water Temperature Industrial Process Controllers Home Appliance Temperature Control
DESCRIPTION
The TK11031 is a temperature sensor IC with a linear output of 10 mV/C over the range of -30 to + 105 C. Its wide operating voltage range of 4.5 to 10.0 V makes it suitable for a number of applications requiring accurate temperature control, such as electronic thermostats for climate control, refrigerators, and industrial process controls. The device is in the on state when the control pin is pulled to a logic high level. A typical application is to make a digital representation of temperature with an A/D converter, or to make a thermal detector with a comparator.
Note: Connect Pin 2 to GND.
TK11031
VCC
GND
HS
VOUT
VCONT
The TK11031 has a compensation pin for a 0.1 F capacitor that ensures stability over the IC's operating temperature range. The TK11031 is available in a miniature SOT-25 surface mount package. BLOCK DIAGRAM
VCC
ORDERING INFORMATION
VCC VCONT
TK11031M
Tape/Reel Code
ON/OFF CIRCUIT
+ VOUT -
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left
GND
HS
Page 1
TK11031
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 12 V Operating Voltage .......................................... 4.5 to 10 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 150 mW Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range .................-30 to +105 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) ICONT Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) Control Current VOUT = 2.952 to 3.012 V, Output ON VOUT 0.1 V, Output OFF 1.8 GND 4.5 2.4 VCC 0.6 7.5 V V A
Note 1: Power dissipation is 150 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 1.2 mW/C for operation above 25 C.
Page 2
TK11031
TEST CIRCUIT
VCONT VCC ICONT
ICC
VCONT
VOUT
VOUT (V)
-40
40 TA (C)
80
120
-40
40 TA (C)
80
120
LOAD REGULATION
VERR (mV)
80 70 60 2 4 6 VCC (V) 8 10
VERR (mV)
ICC (A)
100
300
400
Page 3
TK11031
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
VCC = 5 V, VCONT = 2.4 V, IOUT = 0 A, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
INPUT CURRENT vs. CONTROL VOLTAGE 100 75
ICC (A)
2 1 0 0 0.6 1.2 VCONT (V) CONTROL CURRENT vs. CONTROL VOLTAGE 8 6 1.8 2.4
ICONT (A)
-40
40 TA (C)
80
120
COUT = 0 F 3 2 1 0
ICONT (A)
2 TIME (ms)
2 TIME (ms)
TEMPERATURE RESPONSE A 4 3 2 1 0
RR (dB)
25 TO 85 C
20
40 TIME (s)
60
80
Page 4
TK11031
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
VCC = 5 V, VCONT = 2.4 V, IOUT = 0 A, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
TEMPERATURE RESPONSE B 4 3
VOUT (V)
2 1 0 0 20
25 TO -30 C
40 TIME (s)
60
80
Page 5
TK11031
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
0.7
SOT-25 (SOT-23-5)
TK11031
Marking
Marking 31C
(0.6)
1.0
(0.6)
1.6
e 0.95 e'
e 0.95 1.90
3 0.4
+0.15 -0.05
0.95
e 0.95
0.1
2.9
1.4 max
1.1
(0.8)
0.15 - 0.05
0 - 0.1
+0.15
e1 2.4
0.3
0.1
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 6
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-231-TK11031 0798O0.0K
0 - 15
2.8
max
TK11032
TEMPERATURE SENSOR IC FEATURES
s s s s s s Linear Output Voltage 6 MV/C Output Active High On/Off Control 2.7 to 10.0 V Supply Range Miniature Package (SOT-25) Minimum External Parts Count Low Power Consumption
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s s Home and Industrial Thermostats Automotive Climate Control Battery Charger Temperature Monitor Notebook Computer Temperature Monitor Electronic Thermometers Fish Finder Water Temperature Industrial Process Controllers Home Appliance Temperature Control
DESCRIPTION
The TK11032 is a temperature sensor IC with a linear output of 6 mV/C over the range of -30 to + 105 C. Its wide operating voltage range of 2.7 to 10.0 V makes it suitable for a number of applications requiring accurate temperature control, such as electronic thermostats for climate control, refrigerators, and industrial process controls. The device is in the on state when the control pin is pulled to a logic high level. A typical application is to make a digital representation of temperature with an A/D converter, or to make a thermal detector with a comparator. The TK11032 has a compensation pin for a 0.1 F capacitor that ensures stability over the IC's operating temperature range. The TK11032 is available in a miniature SOT-25 surface mount package.
Note: Connect Pin 2 to GND
TK11032
VCC
GND
01 S
HS
VOUT
VCONT
BLOCK DIAGRAM
VCC
ORDERING INFORMATION
VCC VCONT
TK11032M
Tape/Reel Code
ON/OFF CIRCUIT
+ VOUT -
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left
GND
HS
Page 1
TK11032
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 12 V Operating Voltage .......................................... 2.7 to 10 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 150 mW Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range .................-30 to +105 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) ICONT Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) Control Current VOUT = 1.7712 to 1.8072 V, Output ON VOUT 0.1 V, Output OFF 1.8 GND 4.5 2.4 VCC 0.6 7.5 V V A
Note 1: Power dissipation is 150 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 1.2 mW/C for operation above 25 C.
Page 2
TK11032
TEST CIRCUIT
VCONT VCC ICONT
ICC
VCONT
VOUT
TERR ( C)
VOUT (V)
LOAD REGULATION
80 70 60 2 4 6 VCC (V) 8 10
VERR (mV)
VERR (mV)
100
300
400
Page 3
TK11032
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
VCC = 3 V, VCONT = 2.4 V, IOUT = 0 A, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. CONTROL VOLTAGE 4 3 VOUT (V) 2 1 0 0 0.6 1.2 VCONT (V) CONTROL CURRENT vs. CONTROL VOLTAGE 8 6
VOUT (V) 4
ICC (A)
INPUT CURRENT vs. CONTROL VOLTAGE 100 75 50 25 0 6 5 4 3 2 0 0.6 1.2 VCONT (V) 1.8 2.4 -40
1.8
2.4
ICONT (A)
40 TA (C)
80
120
ICONT (A)
3 2 1 0
2 TIME (ms)
2 TIME (ms)
TEMPERATURE RESPONSE A 4 3 2 1 0
25 TO 85 C
10
100
1k f (Hz)
10 k
100 k
20
40 TIME (s)
60
80
Page 4
TK11032
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
VCC = 3 V, VCONT = 2.4 V, IOUT = 0 A, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
TEMPERATURE RESPONSE B 4 3
VOUT (V)
2 1 0 0 20
25 TO -30 C
40 TIME (s)
60
80
Page 5
TK11032
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
0.7
SOT-25 (SOT-23-5)
TK11032
Marking 1.0 5 4 (0.6)
Marking 32C
(0.6)
1.6
e 0.95 e'
e 0.95 1.90
3 0.4
+0.15 -0.05
0.95
e 0.95
0.1
2.9
1.4 max
1.1
(0.8)
0.15 - 0.05
0 - 0.1
+0.15
e1 2.4
0.3
0.1
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 6
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-232-TK11032 0798O0.0K
0 - 15
2.8
max
TK11033
TEMPERATURE SENSOR IC FEATURES
s s s s s s Linear Output Voltage 5mV/C Output Active High On/Off Control 2.4 to 10.0 V Supply Range Miniature Package (SOT-25) Minimum External Parts Count Low Power Consumption
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s s Home and Industrial Thermostats Automotive Climate Control Battery Charger Temperature Monitor Notebook Computer Temperature Monitor Electronic Thermometers Fish Finder Water Temperature Industrial Process Controllers Home Appliance Temperature Control
DESCRIPTION
The TK11033 is a temperature sensor IC with a linear output of 5 mV/C over the range of -30 to + 105 C. Its wide operating voltage range of 2.4 to 10.0 V makes it suitable for a number of applications requiring accurate temperature control, such as electronic thermostats for climate control, refrigerators, and industrial process controls. The device is in the on state when the control pin is pulled to a logic high level. A typical application is to make a digital representation of temperature with an A/D converter, or to make a thermal detector with a comparator.
Note: Connect Pin 2 to GND
TK11033
VCC
GND
01 S
HS
VOUT
VCONT
The TK11033 has a compensation pin for a 0.1 F capacitor that ensures stability over the IC's operating temperature range. The TK11033 is available in a miniature SOT-25 surface mount package. BLOCK DIAGRAM
ORDERING INFORMATION
VCONT
VCC VCC
TK11033M
Tape/Reel Code
ON/OFF CIRCUIT TEMPERATURE DETECTION CIRCUIT + VOUT -
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left
GND HS
Page 1
TK11033
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 12 V Operating Voltage .......................................... 2.4 to 10 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 150 mW Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range .................-30 to +105 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) ICONT Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) Control Current VOUT = 1.4760 to 1.5060 V, Output ON VOUT 0.1 V, Output OFF 1.8 GND 4.5 2.4 VCC 0.6 7.5 V V A
Note 1: Power dissipation is 150 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 1.2 mW/C for operation above 25 C.
Page 2
TK11033
TEST CIRCUIT
VCONT VCC ICONT
ICC
VCONT
VOUT
VOUT (V)
2 1 0
40 TA (C)
80
120
LOAD REGULATION
VERR (mV)
80 70 60 2 4 6 VCC (V) 8 10
VERR (mV)
ICC (A)
100
300
400
Page 3
TK11033
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
VCC = 3 V, VCONT = 2.4 V, IOUT = 0 A, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
INPUT CURRENT vs. CONTROL VOLTAGE 100 75
ICONT (A)
ICC (A)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. CONTROL VOLTAGE 4 3 VOUT (V) 2 1 0 0 0.6 1.2 VCONT (V) CONTROL CURRENT vs. CONTROL VOLTAGE 8 6
4
50 25 0
1.8
2.4
0.6
1.8
2.4
-40
40 TA (C)
80
120
ICONT (A)
VOUT (V)
2 1 0 0 1 2 TIME (ms) 3 4
2 TIME (ms)
TEMPERATURE RESPONSE A 4 3 2 1 0
RR (dB)
RR (dB)
25 TO 85 C
20
40 TIME (s)
60
80
Page 4
TK11033
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
VCC = 3 V, VCONT = 2.4 V, IOUT = 0 A, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
TEMPERATURE RESPONSE B 4 3
VOUT (V)
2 1 0 0 20
25 TO -30 C
40 TIME (s)
60
80
Page 5
TK11033
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
0.7
SOT-25 (SOT-23-5)
TK11033
Marking 1.0 5 4 (0.6)
Marking 33C
(0.6)
1.6
e 0.95 e'
e 0.95 1.90
3 0.4
+0.15 -0.05
0.95
e 0.95
0.1
2.9
1.4 max
1.1
(0.8)
0.15 - 0.05
0 - 0.1
+0.15
e1 2.4
0.3
0.1
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 6
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-233-TK11033 0798O0.0K
0 - 15
2.8
max
TK11034
TEMPERATURE SENSOR IC FEATURES
s s s s s s Linear Output Voltage 10 mV/C Output Active High On/Off Control 2.4 to 8.0 V Supply Range Miniature Package (SOT-23L) Minimum External Parts Count Low Power Consumption
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s s Home and Industrial Thermostats Automotive Climate Control Battery Charger Temperature Monitor Notebook Computer Temperature Monitor Electronic Thermometers Fish Finder Water Temperature Industrial Process Controllers Home Appliance Temperature Control
DESCRIPTION
The TK11034 is a temperature sensor IC with a linear output of 10 mV/C over the range of -30 to + 105 C. Its wide operating voltage range of 2.4 to 8.0 V makes it suitable for a number of applications requiring accurate temperature control, such as electronic thermostats for climate control, refrigerators, and industrial process controls. The device is in the on state when the control pin is pulled to a logic high level. A typical application is to make a digital representation of temperature with an A/D converter, or to make a thermal detector with a comparator.
Note: Both GND pins must connect to GND
TK11034
VCC
01 S
VOUT GND NC
GND VCONT
The TK11034 has a compensation pin for a 0.1 F capacitor that ensures stability over the IC's operating temperature range. The TK11034 is available in a miniature SOT-23L surface mount package.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
VCC
ORDERING INFORMATION
VCC VCONT
TK11034M
Tape/Reel Code
ON/OFF CIRCUIT
+ VOUT -
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left
GND
GND
Page 1
TK11034
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 12 V Operating Voltage ............................................ 2.4 to 8 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 200 mW Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range .................-30 to +105 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) ICONT Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) Control Current VOUT = 965 to 1025 mV, Output ON VOUT 0.1 V, Output OFF 1.8 GND 4.5 2.4 VCC 0.6 7.5 V V A
Note 1: Power dissipation is 200 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 1.6 mW/C for operation above 25 C.
Page 2
TK11034
TEST CIRCUIT
VCONT VCC ICONT
ICC
VCONT
VOUT
-40
40 TA (C)
80
120
-40
40 TA (C)
80
120
LOAD REGULATION
VERR (mV)
VERR (mV)
ICC (A)
100
300
400
Page 3
TK11034
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
VCC = 3 V, VCONT = 2.4 V, IOUT = 0 A, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
INPUT CURRENT vs. CONTROL VOLTAGE 200 150
ICONT (A)
ICC (A)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. CONTROL VOLTAGE 1.6 1.2 VOUT (V) 0.8 0.4 0 0 0.6 1.2 VCONT (V)
CONTROL CURRENT vs. CONTROL VOLTAGE 8 6
100 50 0
1.8
2.4
0.6
1.8
2.4
-40
40 TA (C)
80
120
CONTROL VOLTAGE RESPONSE A 1.6 COUT = 0.1 F 1.2 VOUT (V) VOUT (V) 0.8 0.4 1.6
ICONT (A)
0 0 1 2 TIME (ms) 3 4
0 0 1 2 TIME (ms) 3 4
COUT = 0 F
1.6
VOUT (V)
RR (dB)
RR (dB)
25 TO 85 C
40 TIME (s)
60
80
Page 4
TK11034
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
VCC = 3 V, VCONT = 2.4 V, IOUT = 0 A, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
25 TO 85 C
40 TIME (s)
60
80
Page 5
TK11034
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
Marking 34C
SOT-23L (SOT-23L-6)
TK11034
0.4 6 5 4 Marking
+0.15 - 0.05
0.1
0.6
1.0
Product Code
Voltage Code
1 e
2 e 0.95
3 0.32 5 PL 0.95
+0.15 - 0.05
0.1
e 0.95
e 0.95
3.5
+0.3 - 0.1
(3.4)
2.2 0.3
1.4 max
e1 3.0 0 - 0.1
+0.15 - 0.05
15 max 0.4
+ 0.3
1.2
0.15
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
3.3
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 6
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-xxx-TK11034 0798O0.0K
TK11041
TEMPERATURE SENSOR IC FEATURES
s s s s s Linear Output Voltage 10 mV/C Output 4.5 to 10.0 V Supply Range Miniature Package (SOT-25) Minimum External Parts Count Low Power Consumption
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s s Home and Industrial Thermostats Automotive Climate Control Battery Charger Temperature Monitor Notebook Computer Temperature Monitor Electronic Thermometers Fish Finder Water Temperature Industrial Process Controllers Home Appliance Temperature Control
DESCRIPTION
The TK11041 is a temperature sensor IC with a linear output of 10 mV/C over the range of -30 to + 105 C. Its wide operating voltage range of 4.5 to 10.0 V makes it suitable for a number of applications requiring accurate temperature control, such as electronic thermostats for climate control, refrigerators, and industrial process controls. A typical application is to make a digital representation of temperature with an A/D converter, or to make a thermal detector with a comparator. The TK11041 has a compensation pin for a 0.1 F capacitor that ensures stability over the IC's operating temperature range. The TK11041 is available in a miniature SOT-25 surface mount package. BLOCK DIAGRAM
VCC
TK11041
VCC
01 S
GND
HS NC
VOUT
ORDERING INFORMATION
TK11041M-1
Tape/Reel Code
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
X1
VOUT
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left
Page 1
TK11041
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 12 V Operating Voltage .......................................... 4.5 to 10 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 150 mW Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ................. -30 to +105 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
Note 1: Power dissipation is 150 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 1.2 mW/C for operation above 25 C.
Page 2
TK11041
TEST CIRCUIT
VCC GND
HS VCC + + 10 F VOUT NC
0.1 F
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. OUTPUT CURRENT 3.02 3.00 VOUT (V) 2.98 2.96 2.94
ICC (A)
150 100 50
0 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 200 400 600 800 1000 VCC (V) VCC (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE 5 +40 200
ICC (A)
4 3 2 1
VERR (mV)
VCC = 5 V
Page 3
TK11041
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
Marking 41C
SOT-25 (SOT-23-5)
0.7
TK11041
Marking 1.0 (0.6) 5 4
(0.6)
1.6
e 0.95 e'
e 0.95 1.90
3 0.4
+0.15 -0.05
0.95
e 0.95
0.1
2.9
1.4 max
1.1
(0.8)
0.15 - 0.05
0 - 0.1
+0.15
e1 2.4
0.3
0.1
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 4
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-227-TK11041 0798O0.0K
0 - 15
2.8
max
TK11042
TEMPERATURE SENSOR IC FEATURES
s s s s s Linear Output Voltage 6 mV/C Output 2.7 to 10.0 V Supply Range Miniature Package (SOT-25) Minimum External Parts Count Low Power Consumption
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s s Home and Industrial Thermostats Automotive Climate Control Battery Charger Temperature Monitor Notebook Computer Temperature Monitor Electronic Thermometers Fish Finder Water Temperature Industrial Process Controllers Home Appliance Temperature Control
DESCRIPTION
The TK11042 is a temperature sensor IC with a linear output of 6 mV/C over the range of -30 to + 105 C. Its wide operating voltage range of 2.7 to 10.0 V makes it suitable for a number of applications requiring accurate temperature control, such as electronic thermostats for climate control, refrigerators, and industrial process controls. A typical application is to make a digital representation of temperature with an A/D converter, or to make a thermal detector with a comparator. The TK11042 has a compensation pin for a 0.1 F capacitor that ensures stability over the IC's operating temperature range. The TK11042 is available in a miniature SOT-25 surface mount package. BLOCK DIAGRAM
VCC
TK11042
VCC
01 S
GND
HS NC
VOUT
ORDERING INFORMATION
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
TK11042M-1
Tape/Reel Code
X1
VOUT
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left
Page 1
TK11042
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 12 V Operating Voltage .......................................... 2.7 to 10 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 150 mW Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range .................-30 to +105 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
Note 1: Power dissipation is 150 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 1.2 mW/C for operation above 25 C.
Page 2
TK11042
TEST CIRCUIT
VCC GND
HS VCC + + 10 F VOUT NC
0.1 F
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. OUTPUT CURRENT 1.84 1.82 VOUT (V) 1.80 1.78 1.76
1.82
150 100 50
VOUT (V)
ICC (A)
0 0 2 4 6 8 10 VCC (V)
10
200
400
600
800
1000
VCC (V)
IOUT (A)
LINEARITY ERROR vs. TEMPERATURE +40
VERR (mV)
VOUT (V)
ICC ( A)
Page 3
TK11042
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
0.7
SOT-25 (SOT-23-5)
TK11042
Marking 1.0 5 4 (0.6)
Marking 42C
(0.6)
1.6
e 0.95 e'
e 0.95 1.90
3 0.4
+0.15 -0.05
0.95
e 0.95
0.1
2.9
1.4 max
1.1
(0.8)
0.15 - 0.05
0 - 0.1
+0.15
e1 2.4
0.3
0.1
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 4
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-228-TK11042 0798O0.0K
0 - 15
2.8
max
TK11043
TEMPERATURE SENSOR IC FEATURES
s s s s s Linear Output Voltage 5 mV/C Output 2.4 to 10.0 V Supply Range Miniature Package (SOT-25) Minimum External Parts Count Low Power Consumption
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s s Home and Industrial Thermostats Automotive Climate Control Battery Charger Temperature Monitor Notebook Computer Temperature Monitor Electronic Thermometers Fish Finder Water Temperature Industrial Process Controllers Home Appliance Temperature Control
DESCRIPTION
The TK11043 is a temperature sensor IC with a linear output of 5 mV/C over the range of -30 to + 105 C. Its wide operating voltage range of 2.4 to 10.0 V makes it suitable for a number of applications requiring accurate temperature control, such as electronic thermostats for climate control, refrigerators, and industrial process controls. A typical application is to make a digital representation of temperature with an A/D converter, or to make a thermal detector with a comparator. The TK11043 has a compensation pin for a 0.1 F capacitor that ensures stability over the IC's operating temperature range. The TK11043 is available in a miniature SOT-25 surface mount package. BLOCK DIAGRAM
VCC
TK11043
VCC
01 S
GND
HS NC
VOUT
ORDERING INFORMATION
TK11043M-1
Tape/Reel Code
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
X1
VOUT
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left
Page 1
TK11043
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 12 V Operating Voltage .......................................... 2.4 to 10 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 150 mW Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ................. -30 to +105 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
Note 1: Power dissipation is 150 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 1.2 mW/C for operation above 25 C.
1.905 1.804
OUTPUT (V)
Page 2
TK11043
TEST CIRCUIT
VCC GND
HS VCC + + 10 F VOUT NC
0.1 F
ICC (A)
1.50 1.48
4 3 2 1
VERR (mV)
Page 3
TK11043
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
0.7
SOT-25 (SOT-23-5)
TK11043
Marking 1.0 5 4 (0.6)
Marking 43C
(0.6)
1.6
e 0.95 e'
e 0.95 1.90
3 0.4
+0.15 -0.05
0.95
e 0.95
0.1
2.9
1.4 max
1.1
(0.8)
0.15 - 0.05
0 - 0.1
+0.15
e1 2.4
0.3
0.1
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 4
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-229-TK11043 0798O0.0K
0 - 15
2.8
max
TK11050
TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER IC FEATURES
s Internal Temperature Sensor, Voltage Reference and Comparator s Temperature Threshold and Hysteresis Set by Only Two External Resistors s Output Logic: Low to High with Increasing Temp. s Active High On/Off Control s 2.7 to 6.0 V Supply Range s Miniature Package (SOT-23L-6) s Minimum External Parts Count s Low Power Consumption s Very Wide Temperature Range
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s Home and Industrial Thermostats Home Appliance Temperature Control Notebook Computer Temperature Monitor Pentium Processor Temperature Monitor Power Supply Overtemperature Protection Copy Machine Overtemperature Protection System Overtemperature Protection
DESCRIPTION
The TK11050 is an accurate temperature controller IC for use over the -30 to +105 C temperature range. The TK11050 monolithic bipolar integrated circuit contains a temperature sensor, stable voltage reference and a comparator, making the device very useful as an on/off temperature controller. Two external resistors easily set the sensing temperature threshold and hysteresis. Its wide operating voltage range of 2.7 to 6.0 V makes this IC suitable for a number of applications requiring accurate temperature control. The device is in the on state when the control pin is pulled to a logic high level. The TK11050 is available in a miniature SOT-23L-6 surface mount package. BLOCK DIAGRAM TK11050
COMP OUT
01 S
GND
COMP IN
ORDERING INFORMATION
VCONT
ON/OFF CIRCUIT
TK11050MTL
Tape/Reel Code
VREF VOLTAGE REFERENCE
COMP OUT
COMP IN + GND
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left
Page 1
TK11050
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 10 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 200 mW Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range .................-30 to +105 C Operating Voltage Range ................................. 2.7 to 6 V Junction Temperature .......................................... 150 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ..................... 235 C
Vref TERMINAL CHARACTERISTICS Vref Iref Line Reg Load Reg Reference Voltage Reference Output Current Line Regulation Load Regulation TA = 25 C R1 + R2 = 40 k VCC = 3 to 6 V IOUT = 0 to 500 A 1.6 40 2 1 500 8 8 V A mV mV
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Current Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) Output ON Output OFF 1 1.8 GND 3.5 6 VCC 0.6 A V V
Note 1: Power dissipation is 200 mW when in Free Air. Derate at 1.6 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Note 2: The resistance values of R1 and R2 can be calculated as follows: R1 = Vref x TSH / (TSET x ISH - (TSET -TSH) x IIB), R2 = TSET x TC x R1 / (Vref R1 x IIB - TSET x TC). IIB is 0.1 A and ISH is 1.25 A. Note 3: When VPTAT < COMP IN, COMP OUT < 0.3 V (Low Level). When VPTAT > COMP IN, COMP OUT > 2.8 V (High Level). Note 4: VPTAT does not have an output pin.
Page 2
TK11050
TEST CIRCUIT
ICONT VCONT ON/OFF CIRCUIT Vref VOLTAGE REFERENCE R1 ISINK COMP IN + IIB R2 ISH R1 + R2 = 40 k GND VPTAT TEMPERATURE SENSOR VCC ICC
COMP OUT
R3 100 k 10 F
LINE REGULATION
1.60 1.59
-40
40 TA (C)
80
120
6 VCC (V)
10
Vref (V)
2 1
2 1
Page 3
TK11050
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, VCC = 3 V, VCONT = 2.4 V, IOUT = 40 A, unless otherwise specified.
CONTROL VOLTAGE RESPONSE A 2.0 1.5 Vref (V) 1.0 0.5 0 0 2 4 TIME (ms) 6 8 VCONT = 0 TO 2.4 V 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0
Vref (V)
COUT = 0.1 F
COUT = 0 F
COUT = 0.1 F
10
100
1k f (Hz)
10 k
100 k
INPUT BIAS CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE 120 COMP IN > VPTAT 100
ISH (A)
HYSTERESIS SET CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE 1.4 COMP IN < VPTAT 1.3
IB (nA)
40 20 0 10 100
COUT = 0 F
80 60
1.2 1.1
40
1k f (Hz) 10 k 100 k
1.0 -40 0 40 TA (C) SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 80 120 -40 0 40 TA (C) REFERENCE VOLTAGE vs. CONTROL VOLTAGE 1.6 1.2 R1 + R2 = 40 k R3 = 100 k
Vref (V)
80
120
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE 260 240 COMP OUT = LOW LEVEL 350 300 R1 + R2 = 40 k R3 = 100 k
ICC (A)
220
ICC (A)
250
0.8
VCONT (V)
Page 4
TK11050
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, VCC = 3 V, VCONT = 2.4 V, IOUT = 40 A, unless otherwise specified.
COMPARATOR OUTPUT (LOW LEVEL) vs. OUTPUT SINK CURRENT 160 120
CLL (mV) COMP OUT (V)
160
80
1 0 65 70 75 TA (C) 80 85
VCONT (V)
TEMPERATURE RESPONSE A 4
COMP OUT (V)
VCONT = 0 TO 2.4 V
TA = 25 TO 85 C TSET = 75 C
3 2
3 2
3 2
1 0 0 2 4 TIME (ms) 6 8
1 0 0 5 10 TIME (s) 15 20
TEMPERATURE RESPONSE B 4
COMP OUT (V)
TEMPERATURE RESPONSE C 4
COMP OUT (V)
TEMPERATURE RESPONSE D 4
COMP OUT (V)
TA = 25 TO 85 C TSET = 80 C
3 2
3 2
3 2
1 0 0 5 10 TIME (s) 15 20
1 0 0 5 10 TIME (s) 15 20
1 0 0 5 10 TIME (s) 15 20
Page 5
TK11050
APPLICATION HINTS
EXTERNAL RESISTORS R1 AND R2 The temperature set point (TSET) and hysteresis (TSH) of the TK11050 are easily set by two external resistors R1 and R2. See Figure 1 for clarification of TSET and TSH. The hysteresis voltage (VSH) of the comparator can be calculated as follows:
DRRDRDROP
VSH = (5)
( R + R ) X (I
1 2
R1 x R2
SH - IIB)
TSH
TSET
FIGURE 1 The set voltage (VSET) of the comparator at the set temperature (TSET) is calculated as follows: VSET = TSET x TC (1) where TSET is an absolute temperature (K). That is, TSET (K) = C + 273 and TC = 4 mV/C. 1. For Set Temperatures 25 C R2 x Vref R1 + R2 R2 R1 x R2 x IIB = x (Vref - R1 x IIB) R1 + R2 R1 + R2 (8)
R2 can now be calculated by substituting R1 into Equation 4:
TSH = (6)
( R + R )x
1 2
R1 x R2
(ISH - IIB) TC
Solving for temperature coefficient (TC): TC = (7) Solving for R1 from Equations 3 and 7:
(R + R )x
1 2
R 1 x R2
VSET = (2)
R1 =
where Vref = 1.6 V IIB = 0.1 A The temperature coefficient (TC) is calculated by Equations 1 and 2, resulting in: R2 Vref - R1 x IIB x R1 + R2 TSET
Example: R1 and R2 when set temperature is 80 C (TSET = 353 K) and temperature hysteresis (TSH) is 5 C.
TC = (3)
R1 =
R2 = (4) Page 6
TK11050
APPLICATION HINTS (CONT.)
2. For Set Temperatures < 25 C Vref x TSH (TSET x TSH) x ISH - TSET x IIB
R1 = (9)
R2 = (10) Example:
R1 and R2 when set temperature is -25 C (TSET = 248 K) and temperature hysteresis (TSH) is 5 C.
R1 =
R 2 = 47.47 k = 47 k
PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION (PD) The power dissipation rating of 200 mW represents the amount of power the device can dissipate without damage to the IC. Power dissipation should be kept to a minimum to reduce temperature errors due to self-heating.
Page 7
TK11050
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
Marking 50C
SOT-23L (SOT-23L-6)
TK11050
0.6 6 5 4 Marking
1.0
1 e
2 e 0.95
3 0.32 0.95
+0.15 - 0.05
0.1
e 0.95
e 0.95
3.5
+0.3 - 0.1
2.2 0.3
(3.4)
1.4 max
e1 3.0 1.2
+0.15 - 0.05
15 0 - 0.1 0.4
+ 0.3
0.1
0.15
3.3
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 8
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-xxx-TK11050 0798O0.0K
max
TK11051
TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER IC FEATURES
s Internal Temperature Sensor, Voltage Reference and Comparator s Temperature Threshold and Hysteresis Set by Only Two External Resistors s Output Logic: High to Low with Increasing Temp. s Active High On/Off Control s 2.7 to 6.0 V Supply Range s Miniature Package (SOT-23L-6) s Minimum External Parts Count s Low Power Consumption s Very Wide Temperature Range
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s Home and Industrial Thermostats Home Appliance Temperature Control Notebook Computer Temperature Monitor Pentium Processor Temperature Monitor Power Supply Overtemperature Protection Copy Machine Overtemperature Protection System Overtemperature Protection
DESCRIPTION
The TK11051 is an accurate temperature controller IC for use over the -30 to +105 C temperature range. The TK11051 monolithic bipolar integrated circuit contains a temperature sensor, stable voltage reference and a comparator, making the device very useful as an on/off temperature controller. Two external resistors easily set the sensing temperature threshold and hysteresis. Its wide operating voltage range of 2.7 to 6.0 V makes this IC suitable for a number of applications requiring accurate temperature control. The device is in the on state when the control pin is pulled to a logic high level. The TK11051 is available in a miniature SOT-23L-6 surface mount package.
TK11051
VCC
01 S
COMP OUT
VCONT VREF
GND COMP IN
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ORDERING INFORMATION
TK11051MTL
Tape/Reel Code
VCONT
ON/OFF CIRCUIT
VREF
VOLTAGE REFERENCE
COMP OUT
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left
COMP IN
GND
Page 1
TK11051
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 12 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 200 mW Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range .................-30 to +105 C Operating Voltage Range ................................. 2.7 to 6 V Junction Temperature .......................................... 150 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ..................... 235 C
Vref TERMINAL CHARACTERISTICS Vref Iref Line Reg Load Reg Reference Voltage Reference Output Current Line Regulation Load Regulation TA = 25 C R1 + R2 = 40 k VCC = 3 to 6 V IOUT = 0 to 500 A 1.6 40 2 1 500 8 8 V A mV mV
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Current Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) Output ON Output OFF 1 1.8 GND 3.5 6 VCC 0.6 A V V
Note 1: Power dissipation is 200 mW when in Free Air. Derate at 1.6 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Note 2: The resistance values of R1 and R2 can be calculated as follows: R1 = Vref x TSH / (TSET x ISH - (TSET -TSH) x IIB), R2 = TSET x TC x R1 / (Vref R1 x IIB - TSET x TC). IIB is 0.1 A and ISH is 1.25 A. Note 3: When VPTAT < COMP IN, COMP OUT > 2.8 V (High Level). When VPTAT > COMP IN, COMP OUT < 0.3 V (Low Level). Note 4: VPTAT does not have an output pin.
Page 2
TK11051
TEST CIRCUIT
ICONT VCONT ON/OFF CIRCUIT Vref VOLTAGE REFERENCE R1 ISINK COMP IN + IIB R2 ISH R1 + R2 = 40 k GND VPTAT TEMPERATURE SENSOR VCC ICC
COMP OUT
R3 100 k 10 F
LINE REGULATION
VPTAT (V)
Vref (V)
1.60 1.59
4 3
ICONT A)
Vref (V)
2 1
2 1
Page 3
TK11051
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, VCC = 3 V, VCONT = 2.4 V, IOUT = 40 A, unless otherwise specified.
CONTROL VOLTAGE RESPONSE A 2.0 1.5 VCONT = 0 TO 2.4 V 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 2 4 TIME (ms) 6 8
Vref (V)
1.0 0.5 0
Vref (V)
COUT = 0.1 F
COUT = 0 F
COUT = 0.1 F
10
100
1k f (Hz)
10 k
100 k
IB (nA)
40 20 0 10 100
COUT = 0 F
80 60
1.2 1.1
40
1.0
-40 0 40 TA (C) 80 120
1k f (Hz)
10 k
100 k
-40
40 TA (C)
80
120
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE 260 240 COMP OUT = LOW LEVEL 350 300
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 1.6 COMP OUT = LOW LEVEL
Vref (V)
1.2 0.8
ICC (A)
220
ICC (A)
200 150
VCONT (V)
Page 4
TK11051
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, VCC = 3 V, VCONT = 2.4 V, IOUT = 40 A, unless otherwise specified.
COMPARATOR OUTPUT (LOW LEVEL) vs. OUTPUT SINK CURRENT 160 4
120
3 2
CLL (mV)
ICC (A)
160
80
40 0
1 0 65 70 75 TA (C) 80 85
VCONT (V)
VCONT = 0 TO 2.4 V
3 2
3 2
1 0 0 2 4 TIME (ms) 6 8
1 0 0 5 10 TIME (s) 15 20
TEMPERATURE RESPONSE B 4
COMP OUT (V)
TEMPERATURE RESPONSE C 4
COMP OUT (V)
TEMPERATURE RESPONSE D 4
COMP OUT (V)
TA = 25 TO 85 C TSET = 80 C
3 2
3 2
3 2
1 0 0 5 10 TIME (s) 15 20
1 0 0 5 10 TIME (s) 15 20
1 0 0 5 10 TIME (s) 15 20
Page 5
TK11051
APPLICATION HINTS
EXTERNAL RESISTORS R1 AND R2 The temperature set point (TSET) and hysteresis (TSH) of the TK11050 are easily set by two external resistors R1 and R2. See Figure 1 for clarification of TSET and TSH. The hysteresis voltage (VSH) of the comparator can be calculated as follows: VSH = (5)
TSH TSET
DRRDRDROP
( R + R ) X (I
1 2
R 1 x R2
SH - IIB)
FIGURE 1 The set voltage (VSET) of the comparator at the set temperature (TSET) is calculated as follows: VSET = TSET x TC (1) where TSET is an absolute temperature (K). That is, TSET (K) = C + 273 and TC = 4 mV/C. 1. For Set Temperatures 25 C R x Vref VSET = 2 R1 + R2 (2) where Vref = 1.6 V IIB = 0.1 A The temperature coefficient (TC) is calculated by Equations 1 and 2, resulting in: R2 Vref - R1 x IIB x R1 + R2 TSET R2 R1 x R2 x IIB = x (Vref - R1 x IIB) R1 + R2 R1 + R2 (8)
R2 can now be calculated by substituting R1 into Equation 4:
TSH = (6)
( R + R )x
1 2
R1 x R2
(ISH - IIB) TC
TC = (7)
(R + R )x
1 2
R1 x R2
Solving for R1 from Equations 3 and 7: R1 = Vref x TSH TSET x ISH - ( TSET - TSH) x IIB
Example: R1 and R2 when set temperature is 80 C (TSET = 353 K) and temperature hysteresis (TSH) is 5 C. R1 = 1.6 x 5 353 x1.25 - ( 353 - 5) x 0.1
TC = (3)
R2 = (4) Page 6
TK11051
APPLICATION HINTS (CONT.)
2. For Set Temperatures < 25 C Vref x TSH (TSET x TSH) x ISH - TSET x IIB
R1 = (9)
R2 = (10) Example:
R1 and R2 when set temperature is -25 C (TSET = 248 K) and temperature hysteresis (TSH) is 5 C.
R1 =
R 2 = 47.47 k = 47 k
PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION (PD) The power dissipation rating of 200 mW represents the amount of power the device can dissipate without damage to the IC. Power dissipation should be kept to a minimum to reduce temperature errors due to self-heating.
Page 7
TK11051
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
Marking 51C
SOT-23L (SOT-23L-6)
TK11051
0.6 6 5 4 Marking
1.0
1 e
2 e 0.95
3 0.32 0.95
+0.15 - 0.05
0.1
e 0.95
e 0.95
3.5
+0.3 - 0.1
2.2 0.3
(3.4)
1.4 max
e1 3.0 1.2
+0.15 - 0.05
15 0 - 0.1 0.4
+ 0.3
0.1
0.15
3.3
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 8
1998 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-xxx-TK11051 0798O0.0K
max
TK11070
NEGATIVE SLOPE TEMPERATURE SENSOR IC FEATURES
s s s s s s Linear Output Voltage -8 mV/C Output Active High On/Off Control 2.7 to 10.0 V Supply Range Miniature Package (SOT-23-5) Minimum External Parts Count Low Power Consumption
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s s s Home and Industrial Thermostats Automotive Climate Control Battery Charger Temperature Monitor Notebook Computer Temperature Monitor Electronic Thermometers Fish Finder Water Temperature Industrial Process Controllers Home Appliance Temperature Control Liquid Crystal Panel Contrast Adjustment
DESCRIPTION
The TK11070 is a temperature sensor IC with a linear negative slope output of -8 mV/C over the range of -30 to + 105 C. Its wide operating voltage range of 2.7 to 10.0 V makes it suitable for a number of applications requiring accurate temperature control, such as electronic thermostats for climate control, refrigerators, and industrial process controls. The device is in the on state when the control pin is pulled to a logic high level. In the off state, the standby current is 1 A maximum. A typical application is to make a digital representation of temperature with an A/D converter, or to make a thermal detector with a comparator. The TK11070 has a compensation pin for a 0.1 F capacitor that ensures stability over the IC's operating temperature range. The TK11070 is available in a miniature SOT-23-5 surface mount package. BLOCK DIAGRAM TK11070
VCC
01 S
VOUT
HS CONTROL GND
VCC
ORDERING INFORMATION
VCC CONTROL
TK11070M
Tape/Reel Code
ON/OFF CIRCUIT
+ VOUT -
TAPE/REEL CODE
TL: Tape Left
GND
HS
Page 1
TK11070
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 12 V Operating Voltage ....................................... 2.7 to 10.0 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 150 mW Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range .................-30 to +105 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Current Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) VOUT = 1.98 to 2.02 V, Output ON VOUT < 0.1 V, Output OFF 2.0 1.8 GND 3.5 2.4 6. 0 VCC 0.6 A V V
Note 1: Power dissipation is 150 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 1.2 mW/C for operation above 25 C.
Page 2
TK11070
TEST CIRCUIT
VCONT VCC ICONT
Note: Output Voltage: VOUT(TYP) = 2.2 V + (-8 mV/C) x TA where TA is in C Linearity Error: VERR = VOUT - VOUT(TYP) TERR = VERR / (-8 mV/C)
ICC
CONTROL
VOUT
VOUT (V)
2.0 1.5 1.0 -40 0 40 TA (C) INPUT CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE 100 80 80 120
-40
40 TA (C)
80
120
-40
40 TA (C)
80
120
LOAD REGULATION
VERR (mV)
60 40 20 2 4 6 VCC (V) 8 10
VERR (mV)
ICC (A)
-20
0 IOUT (A)
20
40
Page 3
TK11070
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
VCC = 3 V, VCONT = 2.4 V, IOUT = 0 A, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
INPUT CURRENT vs. CONTROL VOLTAGE 80 60
ICONT (A)
ICC (A)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. CONTROL VOLTAGE 2.0 1.5 VOUT (V) 1.0 0.5 0 0 0.6 1.2 VCONT (V) CONTROL CURRENT vs. CONTROL VOLTAGE 4 3
VOUT (V) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0
40 20 0
1.8
2.4
0.6
1.8
2.4
-40
40 TA (C)
80
120
CONTROL VOLTAGE RESPONSE A 2.0 1.5 VOUT (V) 1.0 0.5 0 0 2 4 TIME (ms) 6 8
ICONT (A)
COUT = 0.1 F
COUT = 0 F
10
20 TIME (ms)
30
40
COUT = 0 F
2.0
VOUT (V)
RR (dB)
RR (dB)
25 TO 85 C
10
100
1k f (Hz)
10 k
100 k
20
40 TIME (s)
60
80
Page 4
TK11070
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
VCC = 3 V, VCONT = 2.4 V, IOUT = 0 A, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
TEMPERATURE RESPONSE B 2.6 2.4 VOUT (V) 2.2 2.0 1.8 0 20 40 TIME (s) 60 80 25 TO -30 C
Page 5
TK11070
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
Marking 70C
SOT-26 (SOT-23-6)
0.7
TK11070
(0.6)
1.6
e 0.95 e'
e 0.95 1.90
3 0.4
+0.15 - 0.05
0.95
e 0.95
0.1
2.9
1.3 max
+0.1
+0.15 - 0.05
(0.8)
1.1
0.1
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 6
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-xxx-TK11070 0798O0.0K
0 - 15
2.8
max
Features Single Input, Two Output Solid State Switch Single Input, Two Output Solid State Switch Two Output, Single Input Solid State Switch
TK70001
SINGLE INPUT, TWO OUTPUT SOLID STATE SWITCH FEATURES
s s s s s s s Internal PNP Power Transistor Reverse Bias Voltage Protection Very Low Input-Output Voltage Difference Very Low Standby Current Overtemperature Protection Single Input with Two Controlled Outputs Low Noise
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s Battery Powered Systems Radio Control Systems Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) Power Management Process Control Equipment Power Distribution Control Communication Equipment
DESCRIPTION
The TK70001 is a monolithic bipolar integrated circuit with high side current switches of low saturation type. The current, including the control current, is zero (pA level) when the control pin is off. The impedance on the output side is high and the reverse current does not flow when the control pin is off. These are effective to decrease the dissipation currents, making the TK70001 a very efficient device for power management and power distribution control. The TK70001 is available in a miniature SOT-26 surface mount package. When mounted as recommended, this package is capable of dissipating up to 350 mW. TK70001
OUTPUT 1
01 S
CONT 1
INPUT
GND
OUTPUT 2
CONT 2
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ORDERING INFORMATION
INPUT
TK70001MCB
OUTPUT 2 OUTPUT 1
Tape/Reel Code
THERMAL PROTECTION
TAPE/REEL CODE
B: Tape Left
CONT 2
SW CIRCUIT
CONT 1
GND
Page 1
TK70001
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 14 V Output Current .................................................... 130 mA Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 350 mW Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ...................-30 to +80 C Operating Voltage Range ............................... 1.6 to 12 V Junction Temperature .......................................... 150 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ..................... 235 C
Output Current
ON/OFF CONTROL TERMINAL ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Terminal Current Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) VCONT = 1.6 V, IOUT = 50 mA Output ON Output OFF (Note 2) 50 1.0 0. 2 95 140 A V V
Note 1: Power dissipation is 350 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 2.8 mW/C for operation above 25C. Power dissipation is 150 mW in Free Air. Derate at 1.2 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Note 2: By grounding this terminal, the operation completely stops and the input current decreases to a pA level. Note 3: Ground current is defined as IIN - IOUT, excluding control terminal current. Refer to Definition of Terms. Gen. Note: Parameters with min. or max. values are 100% tested. Gen. Note: Exceeding Absolute Maximum Ratings can damage the device.
Page 2
TK70001
TEST CIRCUIT
INPUT VIN IIN CIN 1 F
VOUT 2 IOUT 2
OUTPUT 2
OUTPUT 1 IOUT 1
VOUT 1
CL 2 = 0.1 F
CL 1 = 0.1 F
CONT 2
CONT 1
ICONT 2 VCONT 2
RCONT 2
RCONT 1
ICONT 1 VCONT 1
125 mA
80 10K RCONT = 0 ICONT ( A) 60 20K 30K
300
VDROP (mV)
100 mA 75 mA
100
50K 75K 100K
IOUT (mA)
40
60
VIN = 1.5 V VIN = 3.0 V VIN = 4.5 V VIN = 6.0 V
20 0
20
0 1 2 3 4 5
10
20
30
40
50
VCONT (V)
ICONT ( A)
IQ ( A)
VIN = 5.0 V
VIN = 2.5 V 0
50
100
150
5 VIN (V)
10
0 0 5 10 VREV (V) 15
IOUT (mA)
Page 3
TK70001
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
IGND (mA)
IQ (mA)
2.5
50 IOUT (mA)
100
5 VIN (V)
10
15
CIN = 0
VIN IOUT = 30 mA
CIN
VCONT
CIN must be over 0.1 F
2 TIME (s)
1 F
CL
Page 4
TK70001
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
LOAD RESPONSE CIN = 1 F 50 mV/ DIV VOUT CL = 0.1 F 30 mA 0 0 IOUT 10 20 TIME (s) 30 40
VIN IOUT = 0 to 30 mA
1 F
CL
Page 5
TK70001
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS
DROPOUT VOLTAGE (VDROP) The output voltage decreases with the increase of output current. It is dependent upon the load current and the junction temperature. The dropout voltage is the difference between the input voltage and the output voltage. The measurement current is IOUT = 50 mA. (ICONT = 50 A, VIN = 2.5 V). OUTPUT CURRENT (IOUT) The rated output current is specified under the condition where the output voltage drops 0.5 V below the no load value. The input voltage is set to 2.5 V, and the current is pulsed to minimize temperature effects. QUIESCENT CURRENT (IQ) The quiescent current is the current which flows through the ground terminal under no load conditions (IOUT = 0 mA) with VIN = 2.5 V and excludes the control pin current. STANDBY CURRENT (ISTBY) Standby current is the current which flows into the solid state switch when the output is turned off by the control function (VCONT = 0 V). It is measured with VIN = 8 V. GROUND CURRENT (IGND) Ground current is the current which flows through the ground pin(s). It is defined as IIN - IOUT, excluding control current. ON/OFF CONTROL High is on (referenced to ground). The input current is at the pA level by connecting the control terminal to ground. REVERSE VOLTAGE PROTECTION Reverse voltage protection prevents damage due to the output voltage being higher than the input voltage. This fault condition can occur when the output capacitor remains charged and the input is reduced to zero, or when an external voltage higher than the input voltage is applied to the output side. ON/OFF CONTROL CURRENT The characteristics of TK70001 change by the value of control current. Please refer to the electrical characteristics graphs on the data sheet and determine the optimum value. The standard measurement condition is ICONT = 50 A. (The application is max. ICONT = 200 A). In the condition where there is very little output current, connect the resistor RCONT to the control terminal (please consider the reduction of the terminal voltage, the resistance value, etc.). This current can be lowered. THERMAL SENSOR The thermal sensor protects the device in the event that the junction temperature exceeds the safe value (Tj = 150 C). This temperature rise can be caused by external heat, excessive power dissipation caused by large input to output voltage drop, or excessive output current. The switch will shut off when the temperature exceeds the safe value. As the junction temperature decreases, the switch will begin to operate again. Under sustained fault conditions, the switch output will cycle as the device turns off, and then resets. Damage may occur to the device under extreme fault conditions. PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION (PD) This is the power dissipation level at which the thermal sensor is activated. The IC contains an internal thermal sensor which monitors the junction temperature. When the junction temperature exceeds the monitor threshold of 150 C, the IC is shut down. The junction temperature rises as the difference between the input power (VIN x IIN) and the output power (VOUT x IOUT) increases. The rate of temperature rise is greatly affected by the mounting pad configuration on the PCB, the board material, and the ambient temperature. When the IC mounting has good thermal conductivity, the junction temperature will be low even if the power dissipation is great. When mounted on the recommended mounting pad, the power dissipation of the SOT-26 is increased to 350 mW. For operation at ambient temperatures over 25 C, the power dissipation of the SOT-26 device should be derated at 2.8 mW/C. To determine the power dissipation for shutdown when mounted, attach the device on the actual PCB and deliberately increase the output current (or raise the input voltage) until the thermal protection circuit is activated. Calculate the power dissipation of the device by subtracting the output power from the input power. These January 1999 TOKO, Inc.
Page 6
TK70001
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS (CONT.)
measurements should allow for the ambient temperature of the PCB. The value obtained from PD /(150 C - TA) is the derating factor. The PCB mounting pad should provide maximum thermal conductivity in order to maintain low device temperatures. As a general rule, the lower the temperature, the better the reliability of the device. The thermal resistance when mounted is expressed as follows: Tj = 0jA x PD + TA
PD (mW)
450 350 250 FREE AIR 150 50 0 0 50 TA ( C) 100 150 MOUNTED AS SHOWN
For Toko ICs, the internal limit for junction temperature is 150 C. If the ambient temperature (TA) is 25 C, then: 150 C = 0jA x PD + 25 C 0jA = 125 C/ PD PD is the value when the thermal sensor is activated. A simple way to determine PD is to calculate VIN x IIN when the output side is shorted. Input current gradually falls as temperature rises. You should use the value when thermal equilibrium is reached. The range of usable currents can also be found from the graph below.
(mW) PD 3
APPLICATION INFORMATION
BOARD LAYOUT
6 4 5
DPD
25
50
75 TA ( C)
150
INPUT
OUTPUT 2
Procedure:
+
OUTPUT 1
1) 2) 3) 4)
Find PD PD1 is taken to be PD x (~ 0.8 - 0.9) Plot PD1 against 25 C Connect PD1 to the point corresponding to the 150 C with a straight line. 5) In design, take a vertical line from the maximum operating temperature (e.g., 75 C) to the derating curve. 6) Read off the value of PD against the point at which the vertical line intersects the derating curve. This is taken as the maximum power dissipation, DPD.
CONT 1
GND CONT 2
Page 7
TK70001
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
Marking 01S
SOT-26 (SOT-23-6)
0.7
TK70001
(0.6)
1.6
e 0.95 e
e 0.95 1.90
3 0.3
+ 0.1
(1.9) 0.1 M
2.9
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Page 8
1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-216-TK70001 0798O0.0K
0-13
TK70002
SINGLE INPUT, TWO OUTPUT SOLID STATE SWITCH FEATURES
s s s s s s s Internal PNP Power Transistor Reverse Bias Voltage Protection Very Low Input-Output Voltage Difference Very Low Standby Current Overtemperature Protection Single Input with Two Controlled Outputs Active High On/Off Control
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s Battery Powered Systems Radio Control Systems Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) Power Management Process Control Equipment Power Distribution Control
DESCRIPTION
The TK70002 is a monolithic bipolar integrated circuit with high side current switches of low saturation type. The supply current, including the control current, is virtually zero (pA level) when the control pin is off. The impedance on the output side is high and the reverse current does not flow when the control pin is off. These are effective to decrease the dissipation currents, making the TK70002 a very efficient device for power management and power distribution control. The TK70002 is available in a miniature SOT-23-6 surface mount package. When mounted as recommended, this package is capable of dissipating up to 350mW. TK70002
OUTPUT 1
20 P
CONT 1
INPUT
GND
OUTPUT 2
CONT 2
ORDERING INFORMATION
BLOCK DIAGRAM
INPUT
TK70002MCB
Tape/Reel Code
OUTPUT 2
OUTPUT 1
SW CIRCUIT
THERMAL PROTECTION
SW CIRCUIT CONT 1
TAPE/REEL CODE
B: Tape Left
GND
Page 1
TK70002
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 14 V Output Current .................................................... 130 mA Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 350 mW Control Terminal Voltage ........................................... 8 V Reverse Bias Voltage ................................................. 8 V Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ...................-30 to +80 C Operating Voltage Range ............................... 1.6 to 12 V Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ..................... 235 C
Balance Between Channels VDROP difference, IOUT = 50 mA Reverse Bias Current VIN = 0 V, VREV = 8 V, VCONT = 0 V
ON/OFF CONTROL TERMINAL ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Terminal Current Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) VCONT = 1.6 V Output ON Output OFF (Note 2) 1.2 0.3 7 15 A V V
Note 1: Power dissipation is 350 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 2.8 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Power dissipation is 150 mW in Free Air. Derate at 1.2 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Note 2: By grounding this terminal, the operation completely stops and the input current decreases to a pA level. Note 3: Ground current is defined as IIN - IOUT, excluding control current. Refer to Definition of Terms. Gen. Note: Parameters with min. or max. values are 100% tested. Gen. Note: Exceeding the Absolute Maximum Ratings can damage the device.
Page 2
TK70002
TEST CIRCUIT
INPUT CIN 0.1 F VIN IIN
VOUT 2 IOUT 2
OUTPUT 2
OUTPUT 1 IOUT 1
VOUT 1
CL 2 = 0.1 F
CL 1 = 0.1 F
CONT 2
CONT 1
ICONT 2 VCONT 2
RCONT 2
RCONT 1
ICONT 1 VCONT 1
60 40 20 0 RCONT = 0
30 20 10 0
VDROP (mV)
ICONT ( A)
ICONT ( A)
1.8V
10
100
VCONT (V)
VCONT (V)
DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 0 -100 VDROP (mV) -200 -300 -400 0 10 VIN = 2.5 V
IGND (mA)
1.6 V 5
IREV (nA)
PARALLEL OPERATION
1.8 V
10 VREV (V)
15
Page 3
TK70002
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
GROUND CURRENT 3
OUTPUT CURRENT
130
IOUT(mA)
IGND (mA)
200 IOUT = 50 mA
IOUT = 50 mA
100
0 -50
50 TA (C)
100
-50
0 TA (C)
50
100
0 TA (C)
50
100
CONTROL CURRENT
ON/OFF RESPONSE 1
CL = 0.01 F CL = 0.1 F
VCONT = 1.6 V
VCONT (V)
ICONT (A)
6 4 2
0.5
VCONT ILOAD = 30 mA
0 TA (C) 50 100
0 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
0 -50
0 TIME (s)
10
20
CL = 0.01 F
Page 4
TK70002
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS
DROPOUT VOLTAGE (VDROP) The output voltage decreases with the increase of output current. It is dependent upon the load current and the junction temperature. It measures the differential voltage between the input voltage and the output voltage when the input voltage is set to 2.5 V and the output current is set to 50 mA. OUTPUT CURRENT (IOUT) The rated output current is specified under the condition where the output voltage drops 0.5 V below the no load value. The input voltage is set to 2.5 V, and the current is pulsed to minimize temperature effects. QUIESCENT CURRENT (IQ) The quiescent current is the current which flows through the ground terminal under no load conditions (IOUT = 0 mA) with VIN = 2.5 V and excludes the control pin current. STANDBY CURRENT (ISTBY) Standby current is the current which flows into the solid state switch when the output is turned off by the control function (VCONT = 0 V). It is measured with VIN = 8 V. GROUND CURRENT (IGND) Ground current is the current which flows through the ground pin(s). It is defined as IIN - IOUT, excluding control current. ON/OFF CONTROL High is on (referenced to ground). The input current is at the pA level by connecting the control terminal to ground. REVERSE VOLTAGE PROTECTION Reverse voltage protection prevents damage due to the output voltage being higher than the input voltage. This fault condition can occur when the output capacitor remains charged and the input is reduced to zero, or when an external voltage higher than the input voltage is applied to the output side. For Toko ICs, the internal limit for junction temperature is 150 C. If the ambient temperature (TA) is 25 C, then: 150 C = 0jA x PD + 25 C 0jA = 125 C/ PD PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION (PD) This is the power dissipation level at which the thermal sensor is activated. The IC contains an internal thermal sensor which monitors the junction temperature. When the junction temperature exceeds the monitor threshold of 150 C, the IC is shut down. The junction temperature rises as the difference between the input power (VIN x IIN) and the output power (VOUT x IOUT) increases. The rate of temperature rise is greatly affected by the mounting pad configuration on the PCB, the board material, and the ambient temperature. When the IC mounting has good thermal conductivity, the junction temperature will be low even if the power dissipation is great. When mounted on the recommended mounting pad, the power dissipation of the SOT-23-6 is increased to 350 mW. For operation at ambient temperatures over 25 C, the power dissipation of the SOT-23-6 device should be derated at 2.8 mW/C. To determine the power dissipation for shutdown when mounted, attach the device on the actual PCB and deliberately increase the output current (or raise the input voltage) until the thermal protection circuit is activated. Calculate the power dissipation of the device by subtracting the output power from the input power. These measurements should allow for the ambient temperature of the PCB. The value obtained from PD /(150 C - TA) is the derating factor. The PCB mounting pad should provide maximum thermal conductivity in order to maintain low device temperatures. As a general rule, the lower the temperature, the better the reliability of the device. The thermal resistance when mounted is expressed as follows: Tj = 0jA x PD + TA
PD is the value when the thermal sensor is activated. A simple way to determine PD is to calculate VIN x IIN when the output side is shorted. Input current gradually falls as temperature rises. You should use the value when thermal equilibrium is reached.
Page 5
TK70002
DEFINITIONS AND TERMS (CONT.)
The range of usable currents can also be found from the graph below.
(mW) PD 3
APPLICATION INFORMATION
BOARD LAYOUT
OUTPUT 2 INPUT
OUTPUT 1
DPD 6 4 5
GND
25
50
75 TA (C)
150
CONT 1 CONT 2
Procedure: 1) 2) 3) 4) Find PD PD1 is taken to be PD x (~0.8 - 0.9) Plot PD1 against 25 C Connect PD1 to the point corresponding to the 150 C with a straight line. 5) In design, take a vertical line from the maximum operating temperature (e.g., 75 C) to the derating curve. 6) Read off the value of PD against the point at which the vertical line intersects the derating curve. This is taken as the maximum power dissipation, DPD. The maximum operating current is: IOUT = (DPD / (VIN(MAX) - VOUT) SOT-23-6 BOARD LAYOUT
450 350 PD (mW) 250 FREE AIR 150 50 0 0 50 TA (C) 100 150 MOUNTED AS SHOWN
TK70002
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
Marking 02S
SOT-26 (SOT-23-6)
0.7
TK70002
(0.6)
1.6
e 0.95 e
e 0.95 1.90
3 0.3
+ 0.1
(1.9) 0.1 M
2.9
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
0-13
Page 7
Printed in the USA
TK70003
SINGLE OUTPUT, TWO INPUT SOLID STATE SWITCH FEATURES
s s s s s s s Internal PNP Power Transistor Reverse Bias Voltage Protection Very Low Input-Output Voltage Difference Very Low Standby Current Overtemperature Protection Single Output with Two Controlled Inputs Active High On/Off Control
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s Battery Powered Systems Radio Control Systems Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) Power Management Process Control Equipment Power Distribution Control
DESCRIPTION
The TK70003 is a monolithic bipolar integrated circuit with high side current switches of low saturation type. The supply current, including the control current, is virtually zero (pA level) when the control pin is off. The impedance on the output side is high and the reverse current does not flow when the control pin is off. These are effective to decrease the dissipation currents, making the TK70003 a very efficient device for power management and power distribution control. The TK70003 is available in a miniature SOT-23-6 surface mount package. When mounted as recommended, this package is capable of dissipating up to 350 mW. TK70003
INPUT 1
20 P
CONT 1
OUTPUT
GND
INPUT 2
CONT 2
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ORDERING INFORMATION
OUTPUT
TK70003MCB
INPUT 2 INPUT 1
Tape/Reel Code
SW CIRCUIT
THERMAL PROTECTION
SW CIRCUIT CONT 1
TAPE/REEL CODE
B: Tape Left
GND
Page 1
TK70003
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 14 V Output Current .................................................... 130 mA Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 350 mW Control Terminal Voltage ........................................... 8 V Reverse Bias Voltage ................................................. 8 V Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ...................-30 to +80 C Operating Voltage Range ............................... 1.6 to 12 V Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
Balance Between Channels VDROP difference, IOUT = 50 mA Reverse Bias Current VIN = 0 V, VREV = 8 V, VCONT = 0 V
ON/OFF CONTROL TERMINAL ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Terminal Current Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) VCONT = 1.6 V Output ON (Note 4) Output OFF (Note 2) 1.2 0.3 7 15 A V V
Note 1: Power dissipation is 350 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 2.8 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Power dissipation is 150 mW in Free Air. Derate at 1.2 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Note 2: By grounding this terminal, the operation completely stops and the input current decreases to a pA level. Note 3: Ground current is defined as IIN - IOUT, excluding control current. Refer to Definition of Terms. Note 4: If both input voltages are the same (parallel operation), both switches can be turned on at the same time. If the input voltages are different, only one switch should be turned on at any given time. Gen. Note: Parameters with min. or max. values are 100% tested. Gen. Note: Exceeding Absolute Maximum Ratings can damage the device.
Page 2
TK70003
TEST CIRCUIT
OUTPUT IOUT CL = 0.1 F VOUT
VIN 2
IIN 2
IIN 1
VIN 1
CONT 2
CONT 1
ICONT 2 VCONT 2
RCONT 2
RCONT 1
ICONT 1 VCONT 1
ICONT ( A)
60 40 20 0 RCONT = 0
30 20 10 0
VDROP (mV)
ICONT ( A)
1.8V
10
50 IOUT (mA)
REVERSE CURRENT VS. REVERSE VOLTAGE
100
VCONT (V)
DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 0 -100
VCONT (V)
VIN = 2.5 V
VDROP (mV)
IGND (mA)
1.6 V 5
IREV (nA)
PARALLEL OPERATION
1.8 V
SINGLE OPERATION
200
50 IOUT (mA)
100
10 VREV (V)
15
Page 3
TK70003
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
OUTPUT CURRENT
IGND (mA)
200 IOUT = 50 mA
IOUT = 50 mA
100 0 -50
50 TA (C)
100
-50
0 TA (C)
50
100
0 TA (C)
50
100
ON/OFF RESPONSE 1
CL = 0.01 F CL = 0.1 F
VCONT (V)
6 4 2
VCONT = 1.6 V
0.5
VCONT ILOAD = 30 mA
0 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
0 -50
0 TA (C)
50
100
0 TIME (s)
10
20
CL = 0.01 F
Page 4
TK70003
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS
DROPOUT VOLTAGE (VDROP) The output voltage decreases with the increase of output current. It is dependent upon the load current and the junction temperature. It measure the differential voltage between the input voltage and the output voltage when the input voltage is set to 2.5 V and the output current is set to 5 mA. OUTPUT CURRENT (IOUT) The rated output current is specified under the condition where the output voltage drops 0.5 V below the no load value. The input voltage is set to 2.5 V, and the current is pulsed to minimize temperature effects. QUIESCENT CURRENT (IQ) The quiescent current is the current which flows through the ground terminal under no load conditions (IOUT = 0 mA) with VIN = 2.5 V and excludes the control pin current. STANDBY CURRENT (ISTBY) Standby current is the current which flows into the solid state switch when the output is turned off by the control function (VCONT = 0 V). It is measured with VIN = 8 V. GROUND CURRENT (IGND) Ground current is the current which flows through the ground pin(s). It is defined as IIN - IOUT, excluding control current. ON/OFF CONTROL High is on (referenced to ground). The input current is at the pA level by connecting the control terminal to ground. REVERSE VOLTAGE PROTECTION Reverse voltage protection prevents damage due to the output voltage being higher than the input voltage. This fault condition can occur when the output capacitor remains charged and the input is reduced to zero, or when an external voltage higher than the input voltage is applied to the output side. PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION (PD) This is the power dissipation level at which the thermal sensor is activated. The IC contains an internal thermal sensor which monitors the junction temperature. When the junction temperature exceeds the monitor threshold of 150 C, the IC is shut down. The junction temperature rises as the difference between the input power (VIN x IIN) and the output power (VOUT x IOUT) increases (Note: both VIN pins are connected together and both switches on for this measurement). The rate of temperature rise is greatly affected by the mounting pad configuration on the PCB, the board material, and the ambient temperature. When the IC mounting has good thermal conductivity, the junction temperature will be low even if the power dissipation is great. When mounted on the recommended mounting pad, the power dissipation of the SOT-23-6 is increased to 350 mW. For operation at ambient temperatures over 25 C, the power dissipation of the SOT-23-6 device should be derated at 2.8 mW/C. To determine the power dissipation for shutdown when mounted, attach the device on the actual PCB and deliberately increase the output current (or raise the input voltage) until the thermal protection circuit is activated. Calculate the power dissipation of the device by subtracting the output power from the input power. These measurements should allow for the ambient temperature of the PCB. The value obtained from PD /(150 C - TA) is the derating factor. The PCB mounting pad should provide maximum thermal conductivity in order to maintain low device temperatures. As a general rule, the lower the temperature, the better the reliability of the device. The thermal resistance when mounted is expressed as follows: Tj = 0jA x PD + TA For Toko ICs, the internal limit for junction temperature is 150 C. If the ambient temperature (TA) is 25 C, then: 150 C = 0jA x PD + 25 C 0jA = 125 C/ PD
PD is the value when the thermal sensor is activated. A simple way to determine PD is to calculate VIN x IIN when the output side is shorted. Input current gradually falls as temperature rises. You should use the value when thermal equilibrium is reached. Page 5
TK70003
DEFINITIONS AND TERMS (CONT.)
The range of usable currents can also be found from the graph below.
(mW) PD 3
INPUT 1
APPLICATION INFORMATION
BOARD LAYOUT
INPUT 2 OUTPUT
DPD
6 4 5
GND
25
50
75 TA (C)
150
CONT 1 CONT 2
Procedure: 1) 2) 3) 4) Find PD PD1 is taken to be PD x (~0.8 - 0.9) Plot PD1 against 25 C Connect PD1 to the point corresponding to the 150 C with a straight line. 5) In design, take a vertical line from the maximum operating temperature (e.g., 75 C) to the derating curve. 6) Read off the value of PD against the point at which the vertical line intersects the derating curve. This is taken as the maximum power dissipation, DPD. The maximum operating current is: IOUT = (DPD / (VIN(MAX) - VOUT) SOT-23-6 BOARD LAYOUT
450 350
PD (mW)
MOUNTED AS SHOWN
TK70003
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
Marking 03S
SOT-26 (SOT-23-6)
0.7
TK70003
(0.6)
1.6
e 0.95 e
e 0.95 1.90
3 0.3
+ 0.1
(1.9) 0.1 M
2.9
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
0-13
Page 7
Printed in the USA
Operating voltage 1 to 8 V 1 to 8 V 1 to 4 V 1 to 4 V 1 to 8 V
KV1811E
VARIABLE CAPACITANCE DIODE FEATURES
s s s s s Very Small URD Surface Mount Package Very Low Operating Voltage (1 to 8 V) Large Capacitance Ratio (A = 7.8) Excellent Linearity (CV Curve) Very Small Capacitance Deviation at Tape/Reel
APPLICATIONS
s s s s Communications Equipment Multi-channel Cordless Telephone Voltage Controlled Oscillator UHF Wireless Communication Systems
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test conditions: TA = 25 C
SYMBOL VR IR C1 C8 RS A PARAMETER Reverse Voltage Reverse Current Diode Capacitance 1 Diode Capacitance 8 Series Resistance Capacitance Ratio TEST CONDITIONS IR = 10 A VR = 16 V VR = 1 V, f = 1 MHz VR = 8 V, f = 1 MHz 8 pF, f = 470 MHz C1 / C8 7.8 19.51 2.14 21.50 2.50 MIN 20 5.0 23.55 2.92 1.8 TYP MAX UNITS V nA pF pF
Note 1: Diode Capacitance measured with HP 4279A or equivalent instruments (at OSC level 20 mVrms, 5 mVrms). Note 2: Series Resistance measured with HP 4191A or equivalent instruments.
KV1811E
ORDERING INFORMATION
KV1811E
Tape/Reel Code
TAPE/REEL CODE
TR: Tape Right
Page 1
KV1811E
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
TA = 85 C TA = 55 C TA = 25 C
10 C (pF)
IR (A)
12
16
20
VR (V)
Q vs. REVERSE VOLTAGE f = 50 MHz 300 f = 100 MHz f = 300 MHz RS () 3.0
100
Q
1.0
50
100
1000
CAPACITANCE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT vs. REVERSE VOLTAGE 3000 TA = -55 C to +85 C f = 1 MHz
C / TA (ppm/ C)
TA = 55 C TA = 25 C TA = -15 C
1000
1.00
0.96
TA = -55 C
300
0.92
4 VR (V)
100
4 VR (V)
Page 2
KV1811E
PACKAGE OUTLINE
URD
2.3
Marking Information
Product Code F
0.8
0.8 1.25 1 2
1.7
+ 0.1
0.13
0.2 min
+ 0.3
0.3
2.5
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
The information furnished by TOKO, Inc. is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, TOKO reserves the right to make changes or improvements in the design, specification or manufacture of its products without further notice. TOKO does not assume any liability arising from the application or use of any product or circuit described herein, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from the use of its products. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of TOKO, Inc.
Midwest Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 1250 Feehanville Drive Mount Prospect, Il 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Western Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 2480 North First Street, Suite 260 San Jose, CA 95131 Tel: (408) 432-8281 Fax: (408) 943-9790
Eastern Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 107 Mill Plain Road Danbury, CT 06811 Tel: (203) 748-6871 Fax: (203) 797-1223
-0.06 ~ 0.06
0.9
Semiconductor Technical Support Toko Design Center 4755 Forge Road Colorado Springs, CO 80907 Tel: (719) 528-2200 Fax: (719) 528-2375
http://www.ictoko.com
June, 1998 TOKO, Inc.
1998 Toko, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the USA
IC-???-KV1811
Page 3
KV1812E
VARIABLE CAPACITANCE DIODE FEATURES
s s s s s Very Small URD Surface Mount Package Very Low Operating Voltage (1 to 8 V) Large Capacitance Ratio (A = 7.4) Excellent Linearity (CV Curve) Very Small Capacitance Deviation at Tape/Reel
APPLICATIONS
s s s s Communications Equipment Multi-channel Cordless Telephone Voltage Controlled Oscillator UHF Wireless Communication Systems
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test conditions: TA = 25 C
SYMBOL VR IR C1 C2 C4 C8 RS A PARAMETER Reverse Voltage Reverse Current Diode Capacitance 1 Diode Capacitance 2 Diode Capacitance 4 Diode Capacitance 8 Series Resistance Capacitance Ratio TEST CONDITIONS IR = 10 A VR = 16 V VR = 1 V, f = 1 MHz VR = 2 V, f = 1 MHz VR = 4 V, f = 1 MHz VR = 8 V, f = 1 MHz 6 pF, f = 470 MHz C1 / C8 7.4 1.64 14.50 16.00 9.00 3.00 1.94 2.24 2.10 MIN 20 5.0 17.50 TYP MAX UNITS V nA pF pF pF pF
Note 1: Diode Capacitance measured with HP 4279A or equivalent instruments (at OSC level 20 mVrms, 5 mVrms). Note 2: Series Resistance measured with HP 4191A or equivalent instruments.
KV1812E
ORDERING INFORMATION
KV1812E
Tape/Reel Code
TAPE/REEL CODE
TR: Tape Right
Page 1
KV1812E
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
10
C (pF) IR (A)
10 p 1p
100 f 10 f
4 VR (V)
12
16
20
VR (V)
100
Q
f = 470 MHz
1.0
30 10
0.5
4 VR (V)
50
100
1000
CAPACITANCE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT vs. REVERSE VOLTAGE 3000 TA = -55 C to +85 C f = 1 MHz
C / TA (ppm/ C)
1.04
C (25 C) C (TA)
TA = 55 C TA = 25 C TA = -15 C
1000
1.00
0.96
TA = -55 C
300
0.92
100
4 VR (V)
4 VR (V)
Page 2
KV1812E
PACKAGE OUTLINE
URD
2.3
Marking Information
Product Code G
0.8
0.8 1.25 1 2
1.7
+ 0.1
0.13
0.2 min
+ 0.3
0.3
2.5
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
The information furnished by TOKO, Inc. is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, TOKO reserves the right to make changes or improvements in the design, specification or manufacture of its products without further notice. TOKO does not assume any liability arising from the application or use of any product or circuit described herein, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from the use of its products. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of TOKO, Inc.
Midwest Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 1250 Feehanville Drive Mount Prospect, Il 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Western Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 2480 North First Street, Suite 260 San Jose, CA 95131 Tel: (408) 432-8281 Fax: (408) 943-9790
Eastern Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 107 Mill Plain Road Danbury, CT 06811 Tel: (203) 748-6871 Fax: (203) 797-1223
-0.06 ~ 0.06
0.9
Semiconductor Technical Support Toko Design Center 4755 Forge Road Colorado Springs, CO 80907 Tel: (719) 528-2200 Fax: (719) 528-2375
http://www.ictoko.com
June, 1998 TOKO, Inc.
1998 Toko, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the USA
IC-???-KV1812
Page 3
KV1832C
VARIABLE CAPACITANCE DIODE FEATURES
s s s s s s Very Small SRD Surface Mount Package Very Low Operating Voltage (1 to 4 V) Large Capacitance Ratio (A = 3.4) Excellent Linearity (CV Curve) Very Small Capacitance Deviation at Tape/Reel Very Low Series Resistance
APPLICATIONS
s s s s Communications Equipment Multi-channel Cordless Telephone Voltage Controlled Oscillator UHF Wireless Communication Systems
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test conditions: TA = 25 C
SYMBOL VR IR C1 C2 C4 RS PARAMETER Reverse Voltage Reverse Current Diode Capacitance 1 Diode Capacitance 2 Diode Capacitance 4 Series Resistance TEST CONDITIONS IR = 10 A VR = 16 V VR = 1 V, f = 1 MHz VR = 2 V, f = 1 MHz VR = 4 V, f = 1 MHz 8 pF, f = 470 MHz 12.50 5.95 3.20 16.50 10.20 4.30 MIN 20 5.0 20.50 14.45 5.45 0.7 TYP MAX UNITS V nA pF pF pF
Note 1: Diode Capacitance measured with HP 4279A or equivalent instruments (at OSC level 20 mVrms, 5 mVrms). Note 2: Series Resistance measured with HP 4191A or equivalent instruments.
CLASSIFICATION
RANK C MIN C2 MAX 7.60 9.15 11.35 12.90 A 5.95 B 7.50 C 9.05 D 11.25
Unit: pF
E 12.80 14.45
KV1812E
ORDERING INFORMATION
KV1832C
Tape/Reel Code
TAPE/REEL CODE
TR: Tape Right
Page 1
KV1832C
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
TA = 85 C TA = 55 C TA = 25 C
C (pF)
10
2 VR (V)
IR (A)
12
16
20
VR (V)
100
Q
f = 100 MHz
RS ()
0.7
10 0 1 2 VR (V)
C (TA) vs. TEMPERATURE C (25 C) 1.10 1.06 TA = 85 C TA = 55 C TA = 25 C TA = -15 C TA = -55 C 0.94 0.90 0 1 2 VR (V) 3 4
CAPACITANCE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT vs. REVERSE VOLTAGE 3000 TA = -55 C to +85 C f = 1 MHz
1.02 0.98
C / TA (ppm/ C)
C (TA) C (25 C)
1000
300
100
2 VR (V)
Page 2
KV1832C
PACKAGE OUTLINE
SRD
3.5
Marking Information
Product Code C
1.5
1.5 1.6
2.65
+ 0.1
0.13
0.3
+ 0.3
0.6
3.8
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
The information furnished by TOKO, Inc. is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, TOKO reserves the right to make changes or improvements in the design, specification or manufacture of its products without further notice. TOKO does not assume any liability arising from the application or use of any product or circuit described herein, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from the use of its products. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of TOKO, Inc.
Midwest Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 1250 Feehanville Drive Mount Prospect, Il 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Western Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 2480 North First Street, Suite 260 San Jose, CA 95131 Tel: (408) 432-8281 Fax: (408) 943-9790
Eastern Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 107 Mill Plain Road Danbury, CT 06811 Tel: (203) 748-6871 Fax: (203) 797-1223
-0.05 ~ 0.1
1.1
Semiconductor Technical Support Toko Design Center 4755 Forge Road Colorado Springs, CO 80907 Tel: (719) 528-2200 Fax: (719) 528-2375
http://www.ictoko.com
June, 1998 TOKO, Inc.
1998 Toko, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the USA
IC-???-KV1832C
Page 3
KV1832E
VARIABLE CAPACITANCE DIODE FEATURES
s s s s s s Very Small URD Surface Mount Package Very Low Operating Voltage (1 to 4 V) Large Capacitance Ratio (A = 3.4) Excellent Linearity (CV Curve) Very Small Capacitance Deviation at Tape/Reel Very Low Series Resistance
APPLICATIONS
s s s s Communications Equipment Multi-channel Cordless Telephone Voltage Controlled Oscillator UHF Wireless Communication Systems
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test conditions: TA = 25 C
SYMBOL VR IR C1 C2 C4 RS A PARAMETER Reverse Voltage Reverse Current Diode Capacitance 1 Diode Capacitance 2 Diode Capacitance 4 Series Resistance Capacitance Ratio TEST CONDITIONS IR = 10 A VR = 16 V VR = 1 V, f = 1 MHz VR = 2 V, f = 1 MHz VR = 4 V, f = 1 MHz 8 pF, f = 470 MHz C1 / C4 3.4 15.40 8.50 3.60 16.60 10.20 4.30 MIN 20 5.0 17.90 11.90 5.05 0.7 TYP MAX UNITS V nA pF pF pF
Note 1: Diode Capacitance measured with HP 4279A or equivalent instruments (at OSC level 20 mVrms, 5 mVrms). Note 2: Series Resistance measured with HP 4191A or equivalent instruments.
CLASSIFICATION
RANK C MIN C2 MAX 9.15 9.85 10.65 11.35 1A 8.5 2A 9.05 3A 9.75 4A 10.55
ORDERING INFORMATION
KV1832E
Tape/Reel Code
TAPE/REEL CODE
TR: Tape Right
Page 1
KV1832E
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
TA = 85 C TA = 55 C TA = 25 C
10
IR (A) 0 1 2 VR (V) 3 4
10 p 1p
100 f 3 10 f
12
16
20
VR (V)
REVERSE RESISTANCE vs. FREQUENCY 1.0 VR = 4 V TA = 25 C
100
Q
f = 100 MHz
RS ()
0.7
10
2 VR (V)
C (TA) vs. TEMPERATURE C (25 C) 1.10 1.06 TA = 85 C TA = 55 C TA = 25 C TA = -15 C TA = -55 C 0.94 0.90 0 1 2 VR (V) 3 4
CAPACITANCE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT vs. REVERSE VOLTAGE 3000 TA = -55 C to +85 C f = 1 MHz
C / TA (ppm/ C)
C (25 C)
1000
C (TA)
1.02 0.98
300
100
2 VR (V)
Page 2
KV1832E
PACKAGE OUTLINE
URD
2.3
Marking Information
Product Code C
0.8
0.8 1.25 1 2
1.7
+ 0.1
0.13
0.2 min
+ 0.3
0.3
2.5
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
The information furnished by TOKO, Inc. is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, TOKO reserves the right to make changes or improvements in the design, specification or manufacture of its products without further notice. TOKO does not assume any liability arising from the application or use of any product or circuit described herein, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from the use of its products. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of TOKO, Inc.
Midwest Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 1250 Feehanville Drive Mount Prospect, Il 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Western Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 2480 North First Street, Suite 260 San Jose, CA 95131 Tel: (408) 432-8281 Fax: (408) 943-9790
Eastern Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 107 Mill Plain Road Danbury, CT 06811 Tel: (203) 748-6871 Fax: (203) 797-1223
-0.06 ~ 0.06
0.9
Semiconductor Technical Support Toko Design Center 4755 Forge Road Colorado Springs, CO 80907 Tel: (719) 528-2200 Fax: (719) 528-2375
http://www.ictoko.com
June, 1998 TOKO, Inc.
1998 Toko, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the USA
IC-???-KV1832E
Page 3
KV1841E
VARIABLE CAPACITANCE DIODE FEATURES
s s s s s Very Small URD Surface Mount Package Very Low Series Resistance Large Capacitance Ratio (A = 2.35) Excellent Linearity (CV Curve) Very Small Capacitance Deviation at Tape/Reel
APPLICATIONS
s s s s Communications Equipment Multi-channel Cordless Telephone Voltage Controlled Oscillator UHF Wireless Communication Systems
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test conditions: TA = 25 C
SYMBOL VR IR C2 C6 RS A PARAMETER Reverse Voltage Reverse Current Diode Capacitance 2 Diode Capacitance 6 Series Resistance Capacitance Ratio TEST CONDITIONS IR = 1 A VR = 10 V, f = 1 MHz VR = 2 V, f = 1 MHz VR = 6 V, f = 1 MHz 11 pF, f = 470 MHz C1 / C6 2.35 13.5 6.8 14.5 7.5 0.25 MIN 12 5.0 15.5 8.3 0.30 TYP MAX UNITS V nA pF pF
Note 1: Diode Capacitance measured with HP 4279A or equivalent instruments (at OSC level 20 mVrms, 5 mVrms). Note 2: Series Resistance measured with HP 4191A or equivalent instruments.
KV1841E
ORDERING INFORMATION
KV1841E
Tape/Reel Code
TAPE/REEL CODE
TR: Tape Right
Page 1
KV1841E
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
C (pF)
IR (A)
10
10 p
TA = 25 C
4 VR (V)
1p
4 VR (V)
12
100
f = 470 MHz 30
RS ()
6 8
f = 300 MHz
10
4 VR (V)
C (TA) C (25 C)
300
0.96
0.92
100
0 2 4 VR (V) 6 8
4 VR (V)
Page 2
KV1841E
PACKAGE OUTLINE
URD
2.3
Marking Information
Product Code P
0.8
0.8 1.25 1 2
1.7
+ 0.1
0.13
0.2 min
+ 0.3
0.3
2.5
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
The information furnished by TOKO, Inc. is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, TOKO reserves the right to make changes or improvements in the design, specification or manufacture of its products without further notice. TOKO does not assume any liability arising from the application or use of any product or circuit described herein, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from the use of its products. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of TOKO, Inc.
Midwest Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 1250 Feehanville Drive Mount Prospect, Il 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
Western Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 2480 North First Street, Suite 260 San Jose, CA 95131 Tel: (408) 432-8281 Fax: (408) 943-9790
Eastern Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 107 Mill Plain Road Danbury, CT 06811 Tel: (203) 748-6871 Fax: (203) 797-1223
-0.06 ~ 0.06
0.9
Semiconductor Technical Support Toko Design Center 4755 Forge Road Colorado Springs, CO 80907 Tel: (719) 528-2200 Fax: (719) 528-2375
http://www.ictoko.com
June, 1998 TOKO, Inc.
1998 Toko, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the USA
IC-???-KV1841
Page 3
Toko IC Products
Selection Guides:
Midwest Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 1250 Feehanville Drive Mt. Prospect, IL 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-1194
Semiconductor Technical Support Toko Design Center 4755 Forge Road Colorado Springs, CO. 80907 Tel: (719) 528-2200 Fax: (719) 528-2375
Western Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 2480 North First St., Suite 260 San Jose, CA 95131 Tel: (408) 432-8281 Fax: (408) 943-9790
Eastern Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 107 Mill Plain Road Danbury, CT 06811 Tel: (203) 748-6871 Fax: (203) 797-1223
OR 1-800-PIK-TOKO
Worldwide Offices Authorized Toko America Distributors & Representatives Digi-Key Penstock 1-800-DIGIKEY 1-800-PENSTOCK Sager 1-800-SAGER800 Varigon - San Diego, Inc. 619-576-0100
DC to DC Converters
Temperature Sensors
Current Switches
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