SELF-WELDING EVALUATION OF STELLITE 6 AND STELLITE 156 IN FlOWING SODIUM

0. Y. Chang S. L. Schrock R. N. Johnson

Paper For Presentation at the Tenth Annual International Metallographic Convention of the International Mstallographic Society, Inc., Houston, Texas

July 17-20, 1977

-NOTICE-

This repent W I I prepared in account of work sponsored by the United Sutei Government. Neither she United Sutei nor the United Siilei Depvlnient cif tneigy, nor ny of :heir employeei, noi iny or Then contiacloii, subconiiaciott, oi then employees, mikes any -K-itrantv, exprru oi implied, or acumen iny feg1 liability or leiponsibilny foi ihcienincy,coTnpleiei.i;:j oi uwMnets of any tnfotmtlion, appuatui, product oi piiKtss diicioied. oi tepreienti that its uie would not infiinge pnvait'Iy ownrd tights.

Self-Welding Evaluation of Stellite 6 and S t e l l i t e 156 in Flowing Sodium J. Y. Chang(l), S. L. SchrocMl), R. N. 0ohnson(2) Paper for Presentation at the Tenth Annual International Metallograpfoic Convention of the International Metallographic Society, Inc., Houston, Texas July 17-20, 1977

The paper will be published in "Microstructural Science," Volume 6 at the proceedings of the IMS Conference. ABSTRACT
The self-welding behavior of two similar materials, Stellite 6 and S t e l l i t e 156, in sodium are discussed in this paper. The materials were tested at

temperatures from 850F to 1140F for time periods up to six-months while immersed in flowing sodium. Contact stresses ranged from 6000 psi to 116,000 psi on contact areas from 0.35 to 0.47 square inches. All separation tests to determine the extent of self-welding were conducted in a tensile mode. The surface morphologys of the samples before and after each test were measured. At temperatures of 1U5F and above, almost a l l the S t e i l i t e 6 specimens indicated a significant tendency towards self-welding within a relatively short period of time (one week).

S t e l l i t e 156 couples also developed a strong self-weld bond at 1050F after six-month exposure. However, no self-we!ding was observed at 85OCF after

a comparable time period.

(1) (2)

Westinghouse Electric Corp., Advanced Reactors Division, Reactor Technology Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory, Technical Coordinator

This work was conducted for the U, S. Energy Research and Development Administration under Contract No. EY-76-C-02-3045-001 (GWQ64)

-1-

For practical purposes, the self-weld separation force (S) and the exposure time (t) of S t e l l i t e 6 and Stellite 156 can be related with a simple equation,

S = At1/2

(l)

where A is a constant representing both thermodynamic and material properties. Deviations from this equation are noted when the same specimens are load cycled in sodium.

This load-cycling phenomena, which affects the self-welding behavior of a material, is discussed along with the supporting experimental data.

Introduction The objective of this study is to provide experimental information on the self-welding characteristics of materials used in sodium cooled fast breeder reactor components. Materials in some components, such as pumps, valves, and core support structures, will be in static contact, under load, for extended periods while immersed in high-temperature sodium' ' .

The self-welding characteristics were determined by measuring the forces required to separate the test specimens in a tensile mode after simulated service exposures to time, temperature, and load in prototypic sodium environment. Pre- and post-test surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and surface profilometry.

-2-

Testing Equipment and Procedure A schematic of the test facility used in these studies is shown in Figure 1, giving typical temperatures and sodium flow rates at various locations.

The oxygen content of sodium was controlled by the use of a cold trap and was maintained between 0.5 and 2.0 ppm as measured by a vanadium wire equilibration device (VWED).

Figure 2 shows a typical test chamber' , which holds approximately 15 cubic inches of sodium. Sodium flow was maintained through the chamber during the test at a rate of approximately 0.25 and 0.5 gallons per minute. Contact stresses applied hydraulically at the mating surfaces ranged from 6000 psi to 16,000 psi (hertzian) on a contact area from 0.35 to 0.47 square inches. Tests were performed in a tensile mode on either curved-on-curved or flaton-flat surfaces as shown in Figure 3. Test temperatures ranged from 850F to 1140F. Table 1 summarizes the test parameters for these self-weld tests.

The testing procedure consisted of cleaning the test specimen by allowing high-temperature sodium to flow freely between the specimen surface for several days until the oxygen content of the sodium reaches a level between 0.5 - 1.0 ppm.

The specimens were then mated and remained in static contact under load for the pre-assigned period. At the completion of the tests, separation forces were measured at the same temperature as that maintaimd during the test. Load cycling was performed for several of the tests, li this type

-3-

of test, the samples were separated and re-contacted while s t i l l immersed in flowing sodium. The time between cycles ranged from one week to two months.

Test Materials and Surface Texture The chemical compositions and physical properties of the S t e l l i t e 6 and the S t e l l i t e ';56 are shown in Table 1. The Plasma-Transfered-Arc (PTA) process S t e l l i t e 6 was tested in

was used to apply the Stellite 156 hardfacing.

both as-cast and Oxy-acetylene weld-deposited conditions.

To l i m i t dilution of the hardfacing by the Type 304 S base metal, during S deposition by either P A or Oxy-acetylene, three weld passes were made T forming a quarter inch thick hardfacing layer. The mean iron concentrations

at the test surface after machining were less than 8L The test samples met the following surface texture specifications.

Waviness Height: Waviness Width:

0.003 inch max. 2 inches max.

Roughness With Cut Off: 0.030 inch Roughness Width: Roughness Height: 0.015 inch max. 63 v inch max., 4 a inch min.

A few examples of the pre- and post test surface textures obtained with a profilometer are shown in Figure 4 and Table 4. In general, high breakaway forces lead to an increase in the post-test surface roughness.

-4-

Test Results Breakaway Force - The test results and the test conditions are summarized in Tables 1 and 2. The o ^ t and hardfaced Stellite 6 showed self-welding The load cycled samples developed a

at 1045F after six-months exposure.

strong bond after one week exposure at a temperature of ni5-1140F.

The time dependence of the breakaway force at constant pressure and temperature for S t e l l i t e 156 is shown in Figure 5. The one-, three-, and six-month On the

breakaway forces show proportionality to the square root of time.

basis of a diffusion rate controlled equation, the correlation suggests that: S =

and where: A = u (Do exp $) V2
{ )

(2)

S A D o Q b

= = = = =

breakaway force, (qm/cm2) self-weld constant, (gm/cm2/sec) diffusion coefficient, (cm2/sec) activation energy (Cal/gm mole) constant which includes many parameters such as true contact area, pressure, stored energy, geometry and mechanical and physical properties of material.

t T R

= time, (sec) = temperature (K) = gas constant (1.9859 cal/g mole K)

Thus, the Self-welding behavior of S t e l l i t e 6 and 156 can be predicted (S2 or t2) from an experimental breakaway force data (Si) and time ( t i ) : S2 =

-5-

Due to the strong interaction between the many parameters listed above, however, i t is not possible at this time to compute the strength of a selfweld bond at temperatures different than the test conditions. Also care

must be exercised i f surface geometries or compressive stresses are altered. For example, the test data obtained fro1" the f l a t - o n - f l a t sample cannot be utilized directly to predict the breakaway force of curved-on-curved surfaces due to the difference in stored elastic energy released during unloading which would tend to break the self-weld bond. The separation force is also

influenced strongly by the real area of contact, further mitigating the self-welding tendencies of most geometries other than f l a t - o n - f l a t .

Another condition which can cause a deviation from equation (1) is the load cycling, i . e . , the bond broken and the specimens re-contacted while s t i l l immersed in the flowing sodium. The results of the load cycling The upper boundary of the

tests for Stellite 6 are shown in Figure 6.

bond strength appears to be the breakaway force predicted from equation (1) using total exposure time instead of not the time period since the last load cycling, i . e . , breaking the junction periodically w i l l usually reduce the self-welding observed during a component service l i f e but ooes not assure that the bond forces w i l l be any less than i f no cycling occurred.

An attempt has been made to estimate the time vs. temperature required to develop observable self-welding of S t e l l i t e 6 or Stellite 156 in sodium. Figure 7 shows a l l self-welding data collected at 1090 +_50F in sodium. Although showing a wide scatter, this data enables us to estimate an upper l i m i t for separation force vs. time near 1090F and furthermore to obtain a rough approximation of the time below which no observable self-welding

-6-

w i l l occur.

Figure 7 shows that about 50 hours w i l l be required at 1090cF Assuming a typica]

before bonding becomes sufficient to be detectable.

activation energy of diffusion of about 70,000 cal/gm mole, we can predict an approximate time-temperature l i n e , shown in Figure 8, below which selfwelding w i l l be negligible. Figure 8 also shows a l l data developed to

date on S t e l l i t e 6 and S t e l l i t e 156 according to whether or not selfwelding was observed, as a function of time and temperature. I t can be

seen that most points above the line show self-welding and a l l points below the line show no detectable self-welding.

Microstructure A typical cross-section of cast S t e l l i t e 6 is shown in Figure 9 while the mating surfaces of two specimens are shown in Figure 10. These samples were exposed in sodium for 3-months and 6-months respectively. The cross-

sectional microstructure of the S t e l l i t e 6 exhibited a well developed lacy eutectic phase of M7C6 carbide dispersed in a Co-Cr matrix * ' ' . Referring to the surface S M structures shown in Figures 10b and 10c, the E area "H" indicated high cobalt concentration, due to the loss of chromium to the sodium. However, where the bond was broken, (Area "G"), the chromium

concentration was high and the fracture pattern indicated a ductile failure mode. Originally, this area must have been 070,5, since the cobalt concentration was low.

Figure 11 shows plasma-Transferred-Arc deposited S t e l l i t e 156 which was exposed in sodium at i050F for three months. The cross-sectional views show the load affected zone near the mating surfaces while the S M surface E

-7-

photos shows the self-welded and subsequently separated areas.

The thicker

deformation band can be observed on the sample compressed under 16,000 psi compared to the 6000 psi specimen.

In general, an increase in compressive stress increases the contact area and the extent of diffusion across the interface and, hence, resulting in an increase in the breakaway force. In the case of Stellite 156, an'

increace of pressure From 6,000 psi to 16,000 psi resulted in an increase in the breakaway force from 2,240 psi to 3,080 psi.

Figure 12 indicates high magnification S M and X-ray spectra of the fractured E area of the Stellite 156 self-welded surfaces. A higher chromium concenI t is apparent that

tration was noted for the one-month exposed sample.

after six-month exposure the chromium is depleted leaving mainly a cobalt rich phase. The microhardness also increased significantly at the mating

surfaces as shown in Figure 13. This chemical compositional change could also be responsible for the deviation of the breakaway force from that predicted by equations 1 and 2.

Conclusions 1. The self-welding behavior of Stellite 6 and 156 are diffusion controlled phenomena above 1040F, and can be predicted from a simple equation: S2 = S] ( t 2 / t i ) 1 / 2 .

-8-

2.

The bond formed for load cycled Steilite 6 cannot be predicted by an equation of the above form. However, an upper l i m i t of the bond

strength of a periodically separated junction is the breakaway force predicted from such an equation i f the total exposure time is used in the equation.

3.

Samples with a curved interface geometry show a lower apparent selfweld bond strength than f l a t geometry samples when compared under similar exposure conditions. This is due to (1) lower real contact

area, and (2) the higher stored elastic energy by the curved surfaces which is released upon unloading and helps to break the self-weld bond,

4.

Post test surface roughness increases with increasing breakaway forces.

5.

SEM-X-ray spectra of S t e l l i t e 6 and 156 indicate a significant decrease in the chromium concentration after six-month exposure in sodium. However, after three months exposure, the chromium rich constituents s t i l l play a significant role in the self-welding process.

6.

The micro-hardness of the S t e l l i t e 6 and the S t e l l i t e 156 increased significantly at the mating surfaces. This is an additional factor

complicating the prediction of the self-welding behavior of these materials.

7.

No self-welding was observed at 850F at times up to four months; however, above 1040F after six-months exposure, S t e l l i t e 6 and S t e i l i t e 156 both indicated a significant self-welding tendency.

-9-

8.

Estimates based upon activation energies for diffusion and the experimental data show that the minimum time required to show observable self-welding ranges from approximately one year at 950cF to a few hours at 1200F.

-10-

References 1. J . Y. Chang, P. N. Flagella, S. L, Schrock, "Self-Welding Evaluation f o r A286 and Type 304 Stainless Steel in Flowing Sodium at 800F," WARD-NA-3045-5, 1973.

2.

J . V. Chang, P. N. Flagella, S. L. Sch-ock, "Self-Welding Evaluation of Reactor Materials in Flowing Sodium." TRNSAO-22, pp. 200-202, 1975.

3.

N. J . Hoffman, J . J . Droher, J . Y. Chang, T. A. Galioto, R. L. M i l l e r , S. L. Schrock, G. A. Whitlow, W. L. Wilson, R. N. Johnson, "Evaluation of Cobalt and Nickel Base Materials f o r Sliding and Static Contact Applications in a Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor," i n International Conference on Liquid Metal Technology in Energy Production, Conf-760503-Pl May 3-7, 1976, pp. 167-176.

4.

F. Huber, K. Mattes, "Investigations into the Self-Welding Behavior of M e t a l l i c Materials Exposed to Sodium," i n International Conference on Liquid Metal Technology i n Energy Production, Conf-760503-Pl, May 3-7, 1976, pp. 177-183.

5. J. Y. Chang, P. N. Flagella, S. L. Schrock, "Self-Welding Evaluation of Type 304 and A286 Stainless Steel in the Temperature Range 800F1140F in Flowing Sodium," in The Ninth Annual International Metal lographic Society Meeting, Conf-760731-3, July 25-28, 1976.

-11-

6.

P r i v a t e Communication: Kofcomo, I r i d . , A p r i l 22,

S. J . Matthews, S t e l i i t e D i v i s i o n , Cabot C o r p . , T976.

7.

Glenn A. r r i t z l e n , " H i s t o r y , Status , and Tuture o f Cobalt A l l o y s , " Wyjh Tf.'ii!j)f;r;jtim.' _%ii.nr\aV.t J . W i l o y , Mow Y o r k , 1959, pp. 56-80.

in

-12-

Table 1 Self-Welding Behavior of Stellite 6 vs. S t e l i i t e 6

Immersed in Flowing Sodium Sample Number 4-38(d) 4-38 4-38 4-38 4-38 4-38 4-38 4-35(d) 4-35 4-35 4-35 4-35 4-32(d) 4-32 4-32 2-17(d) 2-18(d) 2-19(d) 6-53(e) 6-53 6-53 6-53 6-53 6-53 6-53 6-53 6-53 6-53 6-53 Geometry (a) C on C
Test Temp. (F+10) 850 850 850 850 1030 1115 1115 850 850 1030 1115 1115 850 1030 1115 1090 1070 1045 Time (Months) 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 3 6 2 7 0.5 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 1 Contoct Stress (ksi) 12(b) 12(b) 12<b) 12(b) 12{b) 12(b) 12{b) 12(b)

Stress To Cause Separation (c) (ksi) M(a)

N N N
Tit

0.91
N N N

12(bj 12(b) 12(b) 12(b) 12(b) 12(b) 12(b) 12{b) 12(b) 12{b)
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

0.61 3.44
N N

1.22
N N

F on F

1120 1125 1140 1125 1130 1125 1120 1120 1115 1135 1130

0.64 1.65 1.78 1.83 0.42 0.25 0.28 1.34 0.20 0.20 1.650

o.n

(a) The symbol F indicates flat surface, and C indicates curved surface, N indicates no separation force was detected.
(b)

(c
(d (e

Hertzian Stress.

Tests conducted at test temperatures; not room temperature.

Cast S t e l l i t e 6. Oxy-acetylene hard faced S t e l l i t e 6 on Type 304 SS.

Table 2 Self-Welding Behavior of S t e ' l i t e 156 vs. Stellite 156 Imnersed in Flowing Sodium Samp! e Number 3-15 3-11 3-12 3-13 4-31 4-31 4-31 5-31 (a) (b) Test Temp. (F+10) 1070 1140 1130 1060 850 1040 1135 U20 Time (Months) 3 1 3
r

Geometry F on F (a)

Contact Stress tksi) 6 16 16 16 6 6 6 6

Stress to Cause Separation (b) (ksi) 2.24 1.84 3.08 " 4.48 N (a) N 0.43 0.49

4 2 4 2

F indicates a f l a t surface; N indicates no separation forces were detected. Specimens were separated at test temperature.

Table 3 Chemical Compositions and Physical Properties of S t e l l i t e 6, S t e l l i t e 156 and Type 304 S S Actual Chemical Composition (Wt. Percent) Material Cast Stellite 6(a) HF S t e l l i t e 6(b) P A Stellite 156(c) T Type 304 SS(d) Co 56.27 64.52 63.45 0.11 Cr Fe 30.78 2.38 27.76 0.54 28.88 0.27 18.56 69.73 Ni W M n C M o P S Others 2.36 5.16 0.71 1.23 0.47 -0.77 3.39 0.14 0.91 0.20 - <.5O 0.43 4.19 0.10 1.66 9.43 1.47 0.06 0.021 0.012

Typical Physical Properties (At Room Temp.) Material Cast Stellite 6(e) H Stellite 6(f) F P A Stellite 156(f) T Type 304 S S Tensile St. (psi) 103,000 88,000 Yield St. 0.2% (psi) 90,000 40,500 Elongation Reduction Hardness In 2" (%) Area (%) R (60Kg) A 3.0 1.0 70-73 70 72-73 51 60.0 56.0 Transverse Break S.T. Load (1b) 2,88O(g)

--

a) Centrifugal Cast. (b) Powder for O Oxy-acetylene Hard Face, composition before deposition. p p b) (c) Powder f Plasma Transfer Arc, composition before deposition. for Base Material. These data are typical for investment cast material, Centrifugal cast data not available. Data not available, however, properties are similar to cast Stellite 6. 10 inch span, 3/4 inch sq. bars.

ill

Table 4 Hardness and Surface Roughness Height of Test Materials Stellite 6 (T) vs. Stellite 6 (B) Rockwell RA As-Received After Test 72.8 73.2 72.8 73.2 72.8 73.2 73.0 73.0 73.0 73.0 73.0 73.0 69.5 69.5 77.3 75.6 75.2 75.8 75.3 75.7 73.0 76.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 76.0 73.3 73.8 Surface Roughness Height (uin) As-Received After Test 10 40 3 35 5 35 6 14 6 14 6 14 20 35 19 48 19 40 56 40 7 45 8 40 11 36 20 38

Sample Number 4-38 T (a) B 4-35 T B 4-32 T B 2-17 T B 2-18 T B 2-19 T B 6-53 T B

3-15 T B 3-11 T B 3-12 T B 3-13 T B 4-31 T B

Stellite 156 (T) vs. Stellite 156 (B) 72.0 74.5 <4 73.0 74.5 <4 <10 75.0 72.0 76.0 <10 73.0 72.0 73.0 72.0 73.0 72.0 73.0 76.0 76.0 75.0 75.0 74.4 74.6 <20 <10 <7 <30 <25 <20

4 4 10 10 20 10 7 30 34 25

(a) T = Top Specimen

B = Bottom Specimen

Tatt Sections

Argun

<>&*

750 c F

Heal Exchanger

(bump Tank)

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram Of Sudiuni Loop For Self-Welding Tests

1. SODIUM CHAMBtH 2 SODIUM VAPOU COOLING COLUMN 3 COVER GAS CHAMBER 4 COVER GAS SEAL 5 LINEAR BUSHING AMD BEARING 6 COUPLING 7 HYDRAULIC CYLINDER 3 TEST SPECIMEfJ SURFACES

ARGON INLET

ARGON OUTLET

SODIUM LEVEL Ma OUTLET

UPPER TEST SAMPLE (A) LOWER TEST SAMPLE (Bl

Ma INLET

Figure 2. Self-Welding Test Chamber

TOP SAMPLE

BOTTOM

a) STELLITE 156

b) STELLITE 156

MATED SURFACE BOTTOM SAMPLE

TOP SAMPLE

c) STELLITE 6

d) STELLITE 6

1INCH

Figure 3. Geometry And Surface Appearance Of Two Pairs Of Test Samples. Sample (a) And (b) Examples Of Flat On Flat Test Configurations. Sample (c) Is Convex And Mate With Concave Surface On Sample (d).

0.025in.

i^w~Y*U.WV-<^

TEST NUMBER 3 n MATERIAL: TESTING PERIOD I MONTH. AVERAGE SURFACE ROUGHNESS a. 10 n in. b. 10 u in. BREAKAWAY FORCE 1,840 psi at 114OF 0.025in.

TEST NUMBER 312 MATERIAL: TESTING PERIOD 3 MONTH. AVERAGE SURFACE ROUGHNESS a. 20 u in. b. 10 M in. BREAKAWAY FORCE 3,080 psi at 113OF 0.025 in. ,

500

TEST NUMBER 7-52 MATERIAL: TESTING PERIOD 6 MONTH. AVERAGE SURFACE ROUGHNESS a. 7 u i n . b. 30 p i n . BREAKAWAY FORCE %>*80 psi a t 1060F

Figure 4. Surface Texture Obtained Wiih A Profilometer For Self-Welding Test Samples Stellite 156 Versus Stellite 156. Exposed In Sodium

MONTH 3

=
Ui

o cc o
LL.

2 I
CO

2 TIME t % (MONTH)

Figure 5. Self-Weld Test Results O f Stellite 156 Versus Stellite 156 A t 1060 ~ M 4 0 F In Flowing Sodium. Compressive Stress: A. 16000 psi: B. 6 0 0 0 psi

WEEKS 8 3000

12

16

20

24
1

28

LEGEND:1 A D

2 MONTH TEST 1 MONTH TEST 2 WEEK TEST 1 WEEK TEST

2500

V)

2000

a.

cc
1500
cc <

h
MAX. PREDICTED BONO AFTER ONE MONTH ~

1000

h
MAX. PREDICTED BOND AFTER 2 WEEKS

500

MAX. PREDICTED BOND AFTER 1 WEEK

TOTAL EXPOSURE TIME (t x 1O 6 ) 1/2 (s)' /2 Figuie 6. Separation Forces Required For Self-Welded Stellile 6 Couple o.?> Under Lond Cycling At 11 KM I4OF

I-

TEMPERATURE - 1090F + 50F

40

30 o
UPPER BOUNDARY OF' SEPARATION FORCE

20 I

10

8
r>

50HRS

1 WK
TIME

10 WKS

100 WKS

Figure 7. Separation Forces Versus Time Uelnlionship For Stellite 6 Anil Stellite IS( (Versus Sell) In Sodium At IO9O"F + 5O"F.

1300

"i | I

1200

650

1100
ESTIMATED TIME BELOW WHICH NO OBSERVABLE SELF-WELDING WILL OCCUR

e ft

600

550

oUJ

1000

500

tf

90 0
O POINTS WHERE SELFWELDING OBSERVED POINTS SHOWING NO DETECTABLE BONDING FORCE

4J50

80 0

M00

70 0

350

60 0
TIME. WEEKS

10

100

Figure 8. T i m e - Temperature Relationship Of Self-Welding Of Stellite 6 And Stellite 156 Versus Self In Sodium.

C O

FCC Co72W/O Cr 23W/O W 4W/0

NI 7 C 6
ao = 13.999 C o = 4.501

a) TOP

2 0 M in

b) BOTTOM

Figure 9. Stellite-6 Test Samples After Three Months Exposure In Sodium At 1O7OF And A (ompressive Stress Of 12,000 psi (Test No. 2-18). Etcliant: Glycol, HEL And

SEM X-RAY SPECTRA

4OOO
LIGHT MICROGRAPH
SEM

CrKa 1

CoKe

3000 V-

2000

8
1000 h
AS POLISHEO AS CUT
iWma(5. 16)

A T i 1

FeKa I 1
4

w
CrKp
6 CrKa

CoKp

10

X-RAY ENRGV (KEVI ( a ) UNEXP0SED

4000

AREA H

AREA J

LIGHT MICROGRAPH

SM E

3000

2000

1000

AS POLISHED 80pm

AS CUT 70ym 2 4 6 8 10

X-RAY ENERGY (KEV) (a) UNEXPOSED

AREA H

4000
SM E -

AREA J

3000 h
CrKa J (30.78)1

I
1) 6 S 6 ) A J(Wi(5. ~

CK o a (56.21)

CrKa

2000 8
1000 \H Na CORRODED J 15 pm 0 2

j
M
r i ICoKp III w .

. CoKo

i 4

I\A I VJ^Ly _ V
6 8 1 0 0 4 6
8

10

X-RAY ENERGY (KEVI

XRAY ENERGY (KEVI

(b) SODIUM EXPOSED, NOT MATED AREA

AREA G

4000 r

o a. LU z
<r x

s
LU LU

J_J

I
CM

SlNflOO
D C

O
L X
LU

D
LU

\-

z
LU
>

o c
X

o z Q
UJ

I13

CO

o a.

(A

o a.
>

UJ

D
Q

n
Z

o SlNflOO

II
LU

s
UJ

Figure 10. Self-Welding Test Sample, Cast Stellite 6, Before And After Exposure In Flowing Sodium At 1045F For 6-Month, Compressive Pressure 12,000 psi. 6151-21

CROSS SECTION (3-12)

MATED SURFACE

SEM, MATED SURFACE

30 nm

CROSS SECTION (3-15)

(a) COMPRESSIVE STRESS 16 KSI, AT 1130F / M A T E D SURFACE SEM, MATED SURFACE

30,um

30 /urn

(b) COMPRESSIVE STRESS 6 KSI, AT 1070F 30/um

Figure 11. Stellite 156 Samples After Three-Months In Sodium (700X) Etchtmt: Glycol. Hcl And HNO3

COUNT (a) AFTER ONE MONTH 4000 3500 3000 250C 2000 1500 1000 H 500 r J
0

C AREA J

na
Cr
c*

w
3 2 4

10

L
. 6 V

Co Ko
C

K B
W

U i L -1 >-'V-^
S 10

X RAY ENERGY iKEVl (3-11) COUNT (b) AFTER SIX MONTHS 4000 3500 3000 N 2500 2000 1500 1000
500

X RAY EMERGY KEV)

C
Cr

\1
IV a j

AREA N

KL,

Cr

_A

FA

Co 1 I
A 1 1 Afl

1(

0 0 - M 2 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 X-RAY ENERGY (KEV)

/I
8 10

X RAY ENERGY (KEV)

13-13)

Figure 12. SEM And X-Ray Spectra For Stellito 156 Self-WeUknl Ami Subsequently Separated Surfaces \fter One-Month (3-11) Ami Six-Months Exposure (3-1^) In Sodium At 114OF \nd IO6OF Respectively.

1000

1200 ~ 10

B 910 C 330 ~ 465 0 4120

3
e/5
CO

700

o o

a.

10

15

20

25

DISTANCE FR-jWI MATED INTERFACE ( p IN i

Figure 13. Typical Microhardness Of Self-Welded Samples Tested At 1115F