Nadine Jones Appreciation MUS 101 50

May 11, 2011 Study Questions Romantic Period/Impressionism/Opera

I. Definitions 1. Aria/Recitative Lyric solo voice with orchestral accompaniment, generally expressing expressing intense emotion; found in opera cantata, and oratorio. 2. Libretto Text or script of an opera, oratorio, cantata, or musical, written by a librettist. 3. Lied/lieder German for song; most commonly associated with the solo art song of the 19th century, usually accompanied by a piano 4. Melodie French art songs of the mid 19th century to the present 5. Leitmotif Leading Motive, or basic recurring theme, representing a person, object, or idea, commonly used in Wagners operas. 6. Ide fixe fixed idea; term coined by Berlioz for a recurring music idea that links different movements of works. 7. Overture An introductory movement, as in an opera or an oratorio, often presenting melodies from arias to come. Also and orchestral work for a concert performance 8. Program music Instrumental music endowed with literary or pictorial associations, especially popular in the 19th century. 9. Song cycle Group of songs, usually Lieder, that are unified musically of through their text.

10. Verismo Operatic realism, a style popular in Italy in the 1890s, to bring naturalism to musical theatre

which tried

11. Strophic/ through-composed Song structure in which the same music is repeated in every stanza of the poem. 12. Character pieces relatively brief musical composition, usually for piano, expressive of a specific mood or nonmusical idea, closely associated with the Romantic Movement. A. Robert Schumanns a. Kreisleriana 1838 b. Carnaval 1833 B. Frederic Chopins a. Polonaises b. Mazurkas c. Barcarolle 1845 C. Fanny Mendelssohn a. September: At the River b. The Year 1840 II. Name composers of these periods and at least 2 of their compositions 1. Romantic Period Composers A. Franz Schubert (1797 1828) a. Erlkong (Elfking, 1815) b. Die Forelle (The Trout, 1817) B. Robert Schumann

a. Dichterliebe (A Poets Love, 1840) b. Frauen. Lieben und Leben ( A Womans Love And Life) C. Frederic Chopin (1810 1849) a. Mazurka (1833) b. Prelude in E minor 2. Nationalist Composers (with country of origin) A. Bedrich Smentana (Bohemian) a. The bartered Bride b. Ma Vlast (My Country) B. Edvard Grieg (1843 1907) (Scandinavia) a. Peer Gynt Nos. 1 and 2 b. Morning Mood C. Ralph Vaughn Williams (1872 1958) a. Variations b. Fugue on a Theme of Purcell 3. Impressionist Composers A. Giamomo Puccini (1858 1924) a. Manon Lescaut (1893) b. Madame Butterfly (1904) B. Antonio Dvorak (1843 1904) a. Symphony No. 9 (1883) b. New World Symphony C. Johannes Brahms

a. Symphony No. 3 b. Wiegenland (Lullaby) III. Outline the movements of a typical sonata or Symphony. Include tempo marking (largo, allegro etc.) 1. Allegro A. Sonata Allegro 2. Adagio A. Rondo or Romance or Theme and Variation 3. Andante A. Minuet/Trio Scherzo/ Trio 4. Allegro A. Sonata Allegro or Rondo

IV. What do opera and oratorio have in common? How do they differ?

Oratorio

Same

extended musical composition with a text more or less dramatic in character usually based upon a religious theme performed without action, costume, or scenery. (ex.)The Messiah

uses solos and choral voices orchestra

Opera

uses set pieces, costumes dramatize the story. actually acted out tells a story (ex)Phantom of The Opera

1.

V. What characteristics would help you to recognize music from the Romantic Period?

The orchestra grew in size and sound with new and improved instruments.

Women musicians excelled as performers, teachers, composers, and music patrons

Composers demanded new levels of expression

Romantic Period Characteristics

Memeorable melodies, richly expressive harmony, and broad expanded forms

Romantic composers used nationalist, folkloric and exotic subjects.

1. VI. In the Romantic Period certain literary, artistic and philosophic influences and important historical events were felt in music. What were they and how did they influence composers? 1. Romantic era is to identify a period in which certain ideas and attitudes arose, gained currency and in most areas of intellectual endeavor, became dominant. That is, they became the dominant mode of expression. Which tells us something else about the Romantics: expression was perhaps everything to them -- expression in art, music, poetry, drama, literature and philosophy. Just the same, older ideas did not simply wither away. Romantic ideas arose both as implicit and explicit criticisms of 18th century Enlightenment thought. The

philosophes were too objective, they chose to see human nature as something
uniform. The philosophes had also attacked the Church because it blocked human reason. The Romantics attacked the Enlightenment because it blocked the free play of the emotions and creativity. The philosophe had turned man into a soulless, thinking machine. The period from 1793 to 1815 was a period of European war. War, yes, but also revolutionary combat -- partisanship seemed normal. Increasingly, however, the Romantics rejected those aspects of the French Revolution -- the Terror and Napoleon -- which seemed to them to have sprung from the heads of the philosophes themselves VII. What characteristics did Romantic writers, artist, and musicians seek to portray in their works? 1. Romantic composers used nationalistic, folkloric and exotic subjects. Romantic poets and artist turned to passionate and fanciful subjects; novels explored deep human conflicts and exotic settings and subjects. VIII. Describe the characteristics and influences the music of the French Impressionist? Name at least 2 composers and some of their works? 1. Mid-evil modes, whole tone scales, pentatonic scales, exotic scales, parallel, chords 9th chords minimalzed metic stressed A. Claude Debussy (1862-1918) a. La Cathedral Engloutie (The Sunken Cathedral) b. Nuage (Clouds) from 3 Nocturnes B. Maurice Ravel (1875 -1937) a. Feria

IX. Describe characteristics Nationalist composers and name at least 3 composers and their works. 1. A- tonality/12 tone method; A) all tones of equal importance. B) Each composition based on tone row. C) Tone row maybe used: [(a.) retrograde (backwards) (b.) inverted (c.)retrograde inversion] A. Charles Ive (1874 1954) a. Unanswered question b. New England Holidays 4th of July B. Aaron Copland (1900 1990) a. Appalachian Spring