Reactor for Manufacture of H2SO4

Process Basis and Data Available with Respect Thereto

Composition of the gas on entering the reactor: The outlet is in agreement with chemical ba
SO2 0.06
O2 0.15
N2 0.790
SO3 0.000
Input Stream Temperature T0 = 693.0 ° K
where T2 is Output Stream Temperature.
Degree of Conversion X = 0.846
Output Stream Temperature T = 844.1
°K

Process Flow Sheet

Flow Sheet

R1

List of Components, Streams and Blocks.

List of Streams: List of Components: molar mass

1 roasting gas SO2,SO3,O2,N2 1 SO2 64.06
2 outlet from reactor SO2,SO3,O2,N2 2 O2 32.00
3 N2 28.01
4 SO3 80.06

List of Blocks
1 reactor R1

Basis of Calculation and Conversion of Specified Flows and Compositions

Molar Balance: Reference Stream: n1· x1;1 = 1

For the reference stream defined in this manner is ζ =
Conversion:
n1 16.667
x1;1 0.060
x1;2 0.150
x1;3 0.790
x1;4 0.000

Chemical Reactions, Determination of Number of Independent Chemical Reactions

Reactions: Stoichiometric
reactants products of reaction Coefficients of Reactions:
2.SO2 + O2 = 2.SO 3 component reaction No. 1
SO2 -2
O2 -1
N2 0
SO3 2

Incidence Matrix
stream reactor

1
1 1
2 -1
r1 1

Specification Table and Matrix of Coefficients

Specification Table:
stream 1 2 reaction
node component
16.667 n2 nr
1 1 SO2 0.060 x2;1 -2.000
1 2 O2 0.150 x2;2 -1.000
1 3 N2 0.790 x2;3 0.000
1 4 SO3 0.000 x2;4 2.000

number of real streams 2 balance equations in node

number of independent chemical reactions 1 sum equations (stream 2)
number of unknown compositions in stream 2 4 streams with fixed flows
total sum of unknowns 7 headings
sum
number of rows
sum of unknowns + 1 = number of columns
equations missing
Formulation of Additional Relations

The last row in the matrix of coefficients corresponds to the additional relation
nx2;4 = nx1;1*(Degree of Conversion) =

Matrix of Coefficients:
 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

Table of Solutions Containing Complete System Characteristic

The values selected for ζ and T have Table of Solutions:

vector of solutions flow of stream
n1 16.667 n1 #VALUE! components n1
nx1;1 1.000 n2 #VALUE! SO2 1.000
nx1;2 2.500 nx2;1 #VALUE! O2 2.500
nx1;3 13.167 nx2;2 #VALUE! N2 13.167
nx1;4 0.000 nx2;3 #VALUE! SO3 0.000
nx2;4 #VALUE! altogether 16.667
nr #VALUE!
temperature K 693.0
pressure kPa 101

However, the values selected for ζ and T must satisfy two non-linear additional relations.

The relation for equilibrium constant can be adjusted to have the following form

0,5
X ⋅ n2 11524,4
K (X ) = 0,5
K (T ) = exp( −10,92)
nx2;1 ⋅ nx 2;2 T

For the specified temperature T = 844.083 ° K is K = 15.38

For the specified value nx2;4 = 0.846 is K = #VALUE!
difference of equilibrium constants
#VALUE! =f(X , T)
Enthalpy Balance
CpA CpB CpC CpD Ho Hform
SO2 23.85 0.07 0 0 9676.88 -297053.5
O2 28.11 0 0 0 8512.84 0
N2 31.15 -0.01 0 0 8898.03 0
SO3 25.13 0.11 -9.05E-05 2.61E-08 11852.07 -395527.1

specific enthalpy of component i in stream j

stream 1 2 hr
SO2 18200.07 26059.98 594107
O2 12286.44 17357.82 0
N2 11730.52 16451.63 0
SO3 24626.96 35476.4 -791054.2
T °K 693.000 844.083 196947.2

n1·h1 203368.0 kW
n2·h2 #VALUE!
Enthalpy Balance nr·hr #VALUE!
n1h1 - n2h2 + nrhr = #VALUE! = g(X , T)

Now it is necessary to find such values for X and T to make the values of functions g(X , T) and f(X , T) equal ze

Set target cell > #VALUE! abs(f(X,T)) + abs(g(X,T))

Equal to 0
By changing cells D11 Degree of Conversion X
D12 Output Stream Temperature T
reement with chemical balance.

Stream Temperature.

kmol/s
nx2;4
action No. 1

alance equations in node 1 4

m equations (stream 2) 1
reams with fixed flows 1
1
7
umber of rows 7
umber of columns 8
quations missing 1

0.85
 0.85

able of Solutions:
kmol·s-1
n2
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

844.1
101

524,4
−10,92)
T
X , T) and f(X , T) equal zero.