Luke Anderson Differential Equations Rick Reeves April 20, 2006 Wing Resonance 1.

A)

900 y '' ( t ) C 8100 y ( t ) = 1800 sin( 4 t ) y ''C 9 y = 2 sin( 4 t )

r2 C 9 = 0 r =G 3

yh = C1cos( 3 t ) C C2sin( 3 t )

yp = A sin( 4 t ) C B cos( 4 t )

y 'p = 4 A cos( 4 t ) K 4 B sin ( 4 t )

y ' 'p = K 16 A sin (4 t )K 16 B cos (4 t ) K 16 A sin(4 t ) K 16B cos( 4 t ) C 9 A sin( 4 t ) C 9 B cos( 4 t ) = 2 sin(4 t )

K 7 Asin(4 t ) K 7 Bcos( 4 t ) = 2 sin( 4 t ) K7 2

sin : K 7 A = 2, A =

cosine: K 7 B = 0, B = 0 yp = K7 sin( 4 t ) 2 K2 sin( 4 t ) C C1 cos ( 3 t ) C C2 sin( 3 t ) 7

y(t ) =

y ( 0 ) = 0, 0 = C1

y'(t ) =

K8 cos (4 t ) K 3 C1 sin (3 t ) C 3 C1 cos( 3 t ) 7 K8 8 C 3 C2 , C2 = 7 21

y ' ( 0 ) = 0, 0 =

y(t ) = 8

sin( 3 t ) sin( 4 t ) K 2 21 7

B) As time grows large, the wings center of mass repeats a certain displacement pattern around every 6.5 seconds. The model of the wings center of mass indicates that it increases its displacement in a sinusoidal fashion until it reaches a max displacement of . 65 meters then immediately moves to negative .65 meters. So, within approximately 1 second, the wings can move up to 1.30 meters difference. After which the fluctuations calm down and then repeat the pattern again.

2. A)

f ( t ) = 1800 sin(4 t )

f (t ) = 1800 sin(3 t )

The main difference between the two forcing functions is that the first one has a shorter

period along with a higher frequency.

B)

900y ''C 8100 y = 1800 sin( 3 t ) y ''C 9 y = 2 sin( 3 t ) from part A : yh = C1cos( 3 t ) C C2sin(3 t ) yp = A t sin ( 3 t ) C B t cos( 3 t ) y 'p = A sin(3 t ) C 3 A t cos(3 t ) C B cos(3 t ) K 3 t B sin(3 t )

y ' 'p = 3 A cos( 3 t ) C 3 A cos( 3 t ) K 9 A t sin( 3 t ) K 3 B sin( 3 t ) K 3 B sin( 3 t ) K 9 t B cos( 3 t ) 3 A cos( 3 t ) C 3 A cos( 3 t ) K 9 A t sin( 3 t ) K 3 B sin( 3 t ) K 3 B sin( 3 t ) K 9 t B cos( 3 t ) C 9 A t sin( 3 t ) C 9 B t cos( 3 t ) = 2 sin ( 3 t )
6 A cos( 3 t ) K 6 B sin( 3 t ) = 3 sin( 3 t )

sine : K 6 B = 2, B = K 3 cosine: 6 A = 0, A = 0 yp = K 3 t cos( 3 t ) y (t ) = K 3 t cos( 3 t ) C C1cos(3 t ) C C2sin( 3 t )

y ( 0 ) = C 1, C1 = 0

y ' ( t ) = K 3 cos( 3 t ) C 9 tsin( 3 t ) K 3 C1sin( 3 t ) C 3 C2cos( 3 t )

y ( 0 ) = K 3 C 3 C2 , C2 = 1

y ( t ) = K 3 t cos( 3 t ) C sin( 3 t )

As t grows large, there are subsequent larger displacements in the sinusoidal movement (the amplitude steadily increases). The wings would snap once they are pushed beyond their maximum tolerance for flexibility. 3. There were certain forces that we did not include in our model. We did not account for friction from air, or within the wing itself (no damping). We did not include the force due to lift, drag, or the weight of the plane itself.

An engineer would need to analyze the density and composition of the wings in use. Analyze. He would need to take into account the thermal conditions of the material or the environment in which the resonance occurs. Along the same lines, he would also want to consider the altitude at which this occurs along with the air pressure and how changes will affect the wing resonance. Also, it would be appropriate to analyze how much displacement the wing is capable of. Finally, the speeds at which resonance occurs should be analyzed.