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BIO-SOFT
for considering Stepan Company as the source for your surfactant requirements. We are pleased to supply only the finest quality surfactants available. We are dedicated to our quality policy and stand by it when assisting all of our customers. We will provide products and services to our external and internal customers that conform to agreed upon requirements the first time, every time. If you need help in selecting a product, the industrys finest sales and technical service representatives are available to assist you. They are supported by a technical group of over 100 members who can help with everything from starting formulas and new applications to regulatory questions and custom product development. For more information about any product, please call 1.800.745.7837 or visit us on the web at www.stepan.com.
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Contents
Alcohol Ethoxylates
Introduction Chemical Structure and Nomenclature CAS Numbers Physical and Chemical Properties HLB and Typical Applications Draves Wetting Times Foaming Properties Solution Properties Gel Characteristics Viscosity as a Function of Temperature Surface Tensions and Critical Micelle Concentration Typical End Uses Human Safety Chemical Registries
Alcohol Ethoxylates
Introduction
Stepans line of alcohol ethoxylates is sold under the BIO-SOFT registered trademark and is comprised of linear primary alcohol ethoxylates that are classified as nonionic surfactants. Stepan offers a number of alcohol ethoxylates with differing alcohol chain lengths and degrees of ethoxylation. Stepans line of alcohol ethoxylates allows for use in a wide range of finished products, because of their ability to show excellent wetting, emulsification and detergency with moderate foam production. BIO-SOFT alcohol ethoxylates are rapidly biodegradable and perform well in most detergent formulations. They are also mild to the skin and are easily colored and fragranced. Stepans BIO-SOFT line of alcohol ethoxylates ranges from clear liquids to pasty solids with relatively low melting points. Stepans alkoxylation network includes locations in Ontario, Canada, Joliet, Illinois and Winder, Georgia. These locations allow Stepan to efficiently supply your alkoxylate needs. Stepan has a number of other alkoxylated products, including ethoxylated lauryl alcohols, sold under the following trademarks: MAKON, TOXIMUL, NINEX, NEUTRONYX and STEPANTEX. Stepan also offers sulfated alcohol ethoxylates for use in laundry and cleaning products, as well as personal care and other applications. Stepan is capable of blending alcohol ethoxylates with different properties in order to meet your needs. Contact your sales representative or Stepan customer service for availability.
As seen in the table below, the BIO-SOFT alcohol ethoxylates are named according to the chain length of the alcohol and the number of moles of ethoxylation present. For instance, BIO-SOFT N91-6 has a carbon chain length of 9-11. BIOSOFT N1-7 is made using a pure carbon chain length of 11. Following the chain length of the primary alcohol is the average number of moles ethoxylation added to the alcohol. For instance, BIO-SOFT N23-3 has a carbon chain length of 12-13 and 3 moles of ethylene oxide.
RO - (CH2CH2O)n - H
n = average moles of ethylene oxide R = Alkyl portion of the molecule
Adopted Name
C9-11 Pareth-3 C9-11 Pareth-6 C9-11 Pareth-8 Undeceth-3 Undeceth-5 Undeceth-7 Undeceth-9 C12-13 Pareth-3 C12-13 Pareth-7 C12-15 Pareth-3 C12-15 Pareth-7 C12-15 Pareth-9 C12-15 Pareth-12
CAS Number
68439-46-3 68439-46-3 68439-46-3 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 66455-14-9 66455-14-9 68131-39-5 68131-39-5 68131-39-5 68131-39-5
Properties
Physical and Chemical Properties
BIO-SOFT alcohol ethoxylates range from liquids to low melting solids of pasty consistency. They are excellent wetting agents, emulsifiers and detergents, as well as producers of moderate foam. The information in Table 3 shows typical physical and chemical properties of BIO-SOFT alcohol ethoxylates offered by Stepan. The BIO-SOFT line of alcohol ethoxylates are nonionic surfactants that consist of a variety of products varying in both alcohol and ethylene oxide chain lengths, providing a wide range of physical and surfactant properties. In order to choose a new nonionic surfactant from Stepans alcohol ethoxylate line, one may want to consider multiple factors including pour point, cloud point and HLB (hydrophile/lipophile balance). The pour point helps assess the ease of handling and whether heated storage is necessary. The cloud point helps estimate the approximate maximum temperature range for the surfactant application. The HLB numbers are discussed in further detail later in this guide. A formulator may create surfactant systems with intermediate properties by blending higher and lower EO-containing BIO-SOFT ethoxylates.
N91-6
N91-8
N23-3
N25-3
N25-7
7 524 100 61.8 12 to 17 0-50 0.965 8.028 29 <0.001 107 12.2 186 51 19 6.0-7.0 0.3
Property
Average Moles EO Molecular Weight % Active EO Content, %Weight Melting Range, C Color, APHA Specific gravity @ 25C Density, lbs/gallon @ 25C Viscosity, cps @ 38C Acid Value, Eq/100g Hydroxyl Number, mg KOH/g HLB Flash Point, C Cloud Point, C Pour Point, C pH, 1% Aqueous Water, %Weight
2.5 281 100 40.6 -25 to -15 0-50 0.940 7.824 13 <0.00 1 200 8.5 124 2a -13 6.07.5 0.1
6 425 100 62.7 -5 to 13 0-50 0.991 8.248 22 <0.001 129 12.4 143 55 6 6.07.5 0.3
8 524 100 69.5 7 to 21 0-50 1.020 8.486 29 <0.001 107 13.9 159 79 15 6.07.5 0.3
3 305 100 43.3 -15 to 4 0-50 0.936 7.792 11 <0.001 184 8.7 142 8.5 a -7 6.07.5 0.1
5 392 100 56.0 -4 to 17 0-50 0.968 8.053 19 <0.001 143 11.2 165 --6 6.07.5 0.1
7 479 100 64.0 1 to 20 0-50 0.993 8.264 23 <0.001 117 12.9 165 58 13 6.07.5 0.1
9 569 100 69.6 14 to 26 0-50 1.013 8.428 31 <0.001 100 13.9 176 74 18 6.07.5 0.1
3 322 100 40.6 -4 to 6 0-50 0.926 7.702 14 <0.001 173 8.1 152 0.6 a 4 6.0-7.5 0.1
6.5 484 100 59.0 11 to 25 0-50 0.985 8.195 22 <0.001 120 11.9 168 43 14 6.0-7.5 0.1
3 330 100 40.6 2 to 13 0-50 0.920 7.654 17 <0.001 170 8 157 -1 a 8 6.0-7.5 0.1
N25-9
9 597 100
N1-3
N1-5
N1-7
N1-9
HLB
8.5 12.4 13.9 8.7 11.2 12.9 13.9 8.1 11.9 8.0 12.2 13.3 14.4
Wetting Agent
l l l l l l l l l
Oil/Water Emulsifier
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Detergent
l l l l l l l l l
Solubilizer
l l
Water/Oil Emulsifier
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Applications
Water in Oil Emulsifier Wetting Agent Oil in Water Emulsifier Detergent Solubilizer
Performance
Draves Wetting Test
The Draves Wetting Test allows for the ability to distinguish surfactants and surfactant systems based on their ability to wet. The data in the tables and graphs below show the wetting times of selected BIO-SOFT alcohol ethoxylates. The BIO-SOFT N1 series and the BIO-SOFT N91 series tend to show the best wetting, mainly due to their shorter chain lengths. The Draves Wetting Test was run as stated in ASTM D 2281, using a 5 gram cotton skein and a 3 gram hook in a 0.1% active dilution in deionized water.
37 20 12 9 7 5 4 14 5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
BIO-SOFT N25-9 BIO-SOFT N25-7 BIO-SOFT N23-6.5 BIO-SOFT N1-9 BIO-SOFT N1-7 BIO-SOFT N1-5 BIO-SOFT N91-8 BIO-SOFT N91-6
BIO-SOFT N25-7
BIO-SOFT N1-9
BIO-SOFT N1-7
BIO-SOFT N1-5
BIO-SOFT N91-8
BIO-SOFT N91-6
Initial Foam
After 5 Minutes
*Test was run using a modified version of ASTM Method D1173. Dilutions of the alcohol ethoxylates were done at a concentration of 0.1% active in 150 ppm hard water.
10
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
Average Shake Foam Foam Height Figure 4: Average ShakeHeight With Oil With Oil (0.2% Active in 140ppm Water)
BIO-SOFT N25-12 BIO-SOFT N25-9 BIO-SOFT N25-7 BIO-SOFT N23-6.5 BIO-SOFT N1-9 BIO-SOFT N1-7 BIO-SOFT N1-5 BIO-SOFT N91-8 BIO-SOFT N91-6 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300
11
Solution Characteristics
Solution Properties of BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates
One of the many characteristics that set each of the alcohol ethoxylates apart is their solubility in water. Typically, most nonionic surfactants form a gel with the addition of water at room temperature. When making up solutions containing BIO-SOFT alcohol ethoxylates, the higher the HLB, and typically the higher the moles of ethylene oxide, the more soluble the alcohol ethoxylate. Alcohol ethoxylates containing lower moles of ethylene oxide, between one and five, and having a value of less than ten for their HLB are typically insoluble in water alone. Table 8 shows the solution properties of the water-soluble BIO-SOFT alcohol ethoxylates. Alcohol ethoxylates can form gels at room temperature at concentrations of 40-80% by weight. In order to minimize gelling, the formulator may need to heat the solution above the gel curves shown in Figures 5-13. The viscosity of an alcohol ethoxylate allows for the approximate ease of pumping. Depending on the users equipment, the lower the viscosity, the easy the alcohol ethoxylate is to pump. Some alcohol ethoxylates may require heating to lower the viscosity to a level that may be pumped. Figures 14-17 show typical viscosity as a function of temperature curves for the BIO-SOFT N-Series alcohol ethoxylates.
12
25
20
15
10
Liquid
5
Liquid
Gel
-5
-10
-15 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
45
40
35
30
25
Liquid
20
Gel
Liquid
15
10
0 90 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
70
60
30
20
10
0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
13
50 45 40
35 30 25 20 15
Liquid
10 5 0 20 30 40 50
Gel
Liquid
60
70
80
90
100
40
35 30 25
Liquid
20
Gel
Liquid
15 10 5 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
90
80
70
Liquid
60
Gel
Liquid
50
40
30
20
10
0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
100 90 80
70
Liquid
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 20 30 40 50
Gel
Liquid
60
70
80
90
100
60
Liquid
50
40
Liquid
30
Gel
Liquid
20
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
80
70
60
50
Liquid
40
Gel
Liquid
30
20
10
0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Viscosity, Centipose
200.00
50.00 BIO-SOFT N91-2.5 0.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00
Temperature, Celsius
Viscosity, Centipose
70.00 60.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
16
Viscosity, Centipose
80.00 BIO-SOFT N23-6.5 70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 BIO-SOFT N23-3
Viscosity, Centipose
60.00 50.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
17
62 63 57 60 60 53 51 54 59
53 54 43 50 50 33 32 35 39
33 37 26 30 34 28 30 31 34
29 30 25 28 31 28 30 30 34
BIO-SOFT N91-8 BIO-SOFT N1-5 BIO-SOFT N1-7 BIO-SOFT N1-9 BIO-SOFT N23-6.5 BIO-SOFT N25-7 BIO-SOFT N25-9 BIO-SOFT N25-12
18
N91-6
N91-8
N23-3
N25-3
N25-7
l l l l l l l l l l l
All Purpose Cleaner Disinfectant Cleaners Dilutable Cleaners Spray Cleaners Window Cleaners Multifunctional Laundry Products Hand Dishwashing Liquid Laundry Pre-spotters Hand Laundry Liquids Laundry Liquids Laundry Powders (Blend) Laundry Powders (Spray Dried) Perfume Solubilizer Shampoo Bubble Bath Hard Surface Cleaners Car/Truck/Ship/Airplane Floor/Wall/Tile High Foam Car Wash Laundry Liquids Laundry Powders Metal Soak Cleaners Rug Cleaners Solvent Cleaners Foaming Control Leather Processing Metal Rolling Oils Mining Dedust Oil Field Chemicals Latex Paint Pesticide Adjuvant Textile Applications
Household Products
u l
l l l l l l l
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l l u l
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u u u u l
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u l
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u Hydrophobe used for making alkyl ether sulfates l Product used as a component in end formulation
N25-9
l l l l l l l l l
N1-3
N1-5
N1-7
N1-9
Regulatory Information
Human Safety of BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates
Alcohol ethoxylates are used in many consumer and industrial products today. Even though the materials have low to moderate acute oral and dermal toxicity, precautions should be used when handling the products at full concentration. The BIO-SOFT alcohol ethoxylates are considered moderate to severe eye and skin irritants at full strength. However, at dilutions of 1-10%, the BIO-SOFT alcohol ethoxylates are generally classified as mild to moderate skin irritants. A detailed statement is available from Stepan upon request.
Chemical Registries
BIO-SOFT alcohol ethoxylates are approved for use by prior sanction under the United States FDA applications as indirect food additives and cosmetics under 21 CFR 176.170 and 21 CFR 176.180. The BIO-SOFT line of alcohol ethoxylates may also be used as inert ingredients in registered formulations. The BIO-SOFT line of ethoxylates is listed for use under EPA 40CFR 180.1001 (c) and (e). As listed in Table 11, the BIO-SOFT line of alcohol ethoxylates is also listed for use around the world.
Table 11: Registration Numbers for BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylate Active Ingredient
Stepans Alcohol Ethoxylate
BIO-SOFT N91-2.5 BIO-SOFT N91-6 BIO-SOFT N91-8 BIO-SOFT N1-3 BIO-SOFT N1-5 BIO-SOFT N1-7 BIO-SOFT N1-9 BIO-SOFT N23-3 BIO-SOFT N23-6.5 BIO-SOFT N25-3 BIO-SOFT N25-7 BIO-SOFT N25-9 BIO-SOFT N25-12
Canada (DSL)
68439-46-3 68439-46-3 68439-46-3 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 66455-14-9 66455-14-9 68131-39-5 68131-39-5 68131-39-5 68131-39-5
Korea (ECL)
KE-13383 KE-13383 KE-13383 KE-28888 KE-28888 KE-28888 KE-28888 KE-13386 KE-13386 KE-13388 KE-13388 KE-13388 KE-13388
Europe (EINECS)
------NLP 500-084-3 NLP 500-084-3 NLP 500-084-3 NLP 500-084-3 NLP 500-165-3 NLP 500-165-3 NLP 500-195-7 NLP 500-195-7 NLP 500-195-7 NLP 500-195-7
Australia (AICS)
68439-46-3 68439-46-3 68439-46-3 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 66455-14-9 66455-14-9 68131-39-5 68131-39-5 68131-39-5 68131-39-5
Philippines (PICCS)
68439-46-3 68439-46-3 68439-46-3 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 66455-14-9 66455-14-9 68131-39-5 68131-39-5 68131-39-5 68131-39-5
China
Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3
20
Contact Information
Corporate Headquarters
Stepan Company 22 West Frontage Road Northfield, Illinois 60093 Telephone: 847.446.7500 Fax: 847.501.2100 World Wide Web: www.stepan.com
Technical Assistance
If you are in need of assistance with formulations or samples of the BIO-SOFT line of alcohol ethoxylates, please contact Stepans Technical Service Department.
United States Telephone: 1.800.745.7837 Fax: 847.446.3925 E-mail: techserv@stepan.com France Telephone: +33.476.505.100 Fax: +33.476.567.165 Canada Telephone: +705.326.7329 Mexico Telephone: +52.555.533.1697
Colombia Telephone: +57.68.780.122 Philippines Telephone: +632.891.1708 Brazil Telephone: +55.11.573.0120 United Kingdom Telephone: +44.161.338.9009
Philippines
Stepan Philippines, Inc. (J.V.) 7th Floor NOL Tower Commerce Avenue Madrigal Business Park Ayala Alabang Muntinlupa City, Philippines Telephone: +632.842.9751 Fax: +632.842.1236
Canada
Stepan Canada 2000 Argentia Road, Plaza 5, Suite 102 Mississauga, Ontario l5N 2R7 Telephone: +905.814.7231 Fax: +905.814.7233 Customer Service Telephone: 800.461.5000 Fax: 705.326.3458
Brazil
Stepan Quimica Ltda. Rua Pelotas, 499 Vila Mariana 04012-001 Sao Paulo Brazil Telephone: +55.11.573.0120 Fax: +55.11.539.4587
Colombia
Stepan Colombiana de Quimicos, Ltda. Calle 114A, No. 19-12 Santa Barbara Santa Fe de Bogota, Colombia Telephone: +571.522.2523 Fax: +571.637.2790
Mexico
Stepan Mexico, S.A. de C.V. Reforma 403-1004 Mexico, D.F. 06500 Mexico Telephone: +52.555.533.1697 Fax: +52.555.514.5448
Nothing contained herein grants or extends a license, expressed or implied, in connection with patents, issued or pending, of the manufacturer or others. The information contained herein is based on the manufacturers own study and the work of others. The manufacturer makes no warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained herein. The manufacturer shall not be liable (regardless of fault) to the vendees employees, or anyone for any direct, special or consequential damages arising out of or in connection with the accuracy, completeness, adequacy or furnishing of such information. BIO-SOFT, MAKON, TOXIMUL, NINEX, STEPANTEX, NEUTRONYX, and Your formula for success are registered trademarks of the Stepan Company. Your Complete Surfactant Source is a trademark of the Stepan Company. Version 1 Revised 08/2002