- computer architecture

- network infrastructure
- operating systems:

types of software:
1- system software:
software used to control hardware devices

a- device driver software:

software used to control single hardware device

b- operating system:
software used to control multiple hardware device
or
group of software used to control different hardware devices

types of operating systems:

1- single user operating system:
only a single user can use hardware devices at one time

2- multi user operating system:

mulitple user can use hardware device at same time

some pouplar operating systems:

1980 -> microsoft dos / ms dos

dos -> disk operating system

- text based operating system

- command line interface
- single user operating system

interface -> screen used to communicate with computer/ programs

cls
dir
copy new.doc c:

1985 -> windows

- graphical user interface (gui)

- cp/m
- dos/ ms dos/ pc dos
- windows
- linux
- unix
- xenix
- sun solaris
- ....
- ..
- .

windows/ microsoft windows:

2000,2005,2006,1999

- version number (model number/ program number)

1985 -> windows 1.0,...............windows 3.1

1995 -> windows 95
windows 97
................
windows 2000
windows xp
...........
windows ?

windows 2000/ microssoft windows 2000:

main features of windows 2000:
- most popular operating system being used world wide in home as well as on
office computers
- gui -> graphical user interface
no need to type commands, small graphical pictures called icons are used
to communicate with computer/ programs
- multi tasking:
open more than program at same time in memory
- share and transfer information between programs
- multi user operating system
- networking
- security (2000/ xp)
restrict users to specific data/ devices

- more compatible:
use variety of hardware devices without instaling new software

plug and play with windows 2000

compatible with windows 2000

windows 2000:
- windows 2000 professional
- windows 2000 server

booting the computer:

process of starting the computer

- provide electricity (fueling)

- switch on power (start )
- some instructions are exceuted/ opened by rom/ bios memory
- self testing
- check available ram
- check devices attached with computer
- check for availability of operating system

- press ctrl + alt + delete

- windows 2000 log on dialog box
- user name (account name/ login name)
- password (secret code/ digital signature)
- log on to (availabe in computer networks, select computer name/ domain
name)

q. what are newer version of windows?

q. what is indicate by white arrow on screen?

q. what is name of first screen that appears when user log into windows?

q. what are main parts screen that appears when user log into windows?