1 hyslcs lnLernal AssessmenL 1 Lab 8eporL WrlLeup

TBE REuENT'S SCB00L PATTAYA

Physics Inteinal Assessment
What is the ielationship between the uepth anu
the volume.

Naufa| nak|m 133
9]16]2011




An experlmenL Lo lnvesLlgaLe Lhe magnlLude of Lhe gravlLaLlonal fleld sLrengLh close Lo Lhe LarLh's
surface and Lhls lnLernal assessmenL was carrled ouL by Lhree dedlcaLed hyslcs l8 sLudenLs uhsang
Ahn naufal Paklm and Llndon Cluffrlda
hyslcs lnLernal AssessmenL 1 Lab 8eporL WrlLeup


ueslgn
8esearch quesLlon
ls Lhe magnlLude of Lhe gravlLaLlonal fleld sLrengLh acLlng on a waLer boLLle consLanL when measured aL
dlfferenL depLhs ln Lhe luLALS pool conLalnlng Chlorlne ln koh Chang?
PypoLhesls
We don'L have a hypoLhesls for Lhls experlmenL
lndependenL varlable 1he depLh Lhe waLer ls collecLed aL ln Lhe pool
uependenL varlable 1he volume of waLer whlch collecLs ln Lhe boLLle aL dlfferenL depLhs
ConLrol varlables and how Lhey are kepL consLanL
ConLrol varlable MeLhod used Lo keep lL consLanL
ALmospherlc pressure of alr All measuremenLs wlll be Laken lnslde a Llme
frame of 6 hours when Lhe aLmospherlc
pressure ln our reglon of koh Chang should
remaln consLanL
ConslsLency of Lhe waLer All measuremenLs wlll be Laken from Lhe same
swlmmlng pool
lndlvldual dlfferences ln Lhe equlpmenL used Cnly 1 Lype of measurlng cyllnder wlll be used Lo
measure Lhe volume of waLer collecLed from Lhe
pool
Puman error We wlll aLLempL Lo llmlL Lhe lmpacL of human
error by Laklng 3 measuremenLs from Lhe pool
for every depLh
lnLervals for depLh change We wlll use equal lnLervals measurlng every 3
Llles a slngle Llle ls approxlmaLely 11cm 01 cm


ApparaLus used
8esealable alumlnlum flask approxlmaLely 600ml 1
Measurlng cyllnder 100ml 1 ml 1
LlecLronlc balance 5coot lto 5l202 setlol oombet 712J080427 max 00g 001g 1
MeLre SLlck 1m 001m 1
Coggles 1
3 hyslcs lnLernal AssessmenL 1 Lab 8eporL WrlLeup


SafeLy recauLlons
O Conslder Lhe weaLher condlLlon due Lo Lhe ouLdoor naLure of Lhe experlmenL
O Swlmmlng goggles Lo prevenL eye lrrlLaLlon due Lo conLacL wlLh chlorlne
O uon'L do Lhe experlmenL alone ln case accldenL happens (drown)

rocedures
Measurlng Lhe volume of Lhe alumlnum flask wlLh Lhe lld on
1 We measured each Llles
Lach Llles were 11cm x 11cm
3 We declded Lo submerge Lhe boLLle every 3 Llles
4 Lqulp goggles on Lhe dlvers Lo observe and conducL Lhe experlmenL
3 We opened Lhe lld as we submerge Lhe boLLle and Lhen closed lL rlghL away when we reach Lhe
depLh we wanLed
6 8epeaL each depLh 3 Llmes
7 8epeaL Lhe process up unLll 13 Llles (6 recordlngs)
8 We measured Lhe volume of waLer lnslde Lhe boLLle wlLh Lhe measurlng cyllnder
9 8epeaL Lhe process for every depLh
10 And we also recorded Lhe mass of dlfferenL volume of waLer Lo geL Lhe denslLy of Lhe waLer
Measurlng Lhe denslLy of waLer ln dlfferenL volumes of pool waLer
1 use Lhe elecLronlc balance Lo flnd ouL Lhe mass of Lhe empLy measurlng cyllnder
Make a noLe of Lhls
3 Measure 100ml of pool waLer lnLo Lhe measurlng cyllnder
4 use Lhe elecLronlc balance Lo flnd ouL Lhe mass of Lhe measurlng cyllnder wlLh 100ml of waLer
3 8epeaL sLep 3 and 4 wlLh dlfferenL volume of waLer (80ml 60ml 40ml 0ml)
6 Make a noLe of Lhls
7 Work ouL Lhe average






4 hyslcs lnLernal AssessmenL 1 Lab 8eporL WrlLeup

8LSuL1S
8AW uA1A
Length of 1||e | ] cm
Depth h
1
] no of t||es
Vo|ume of Water Co||ected V ] m|
1 m|
00S 1r|a| 1 1r|a| 2 1r|a| 3
1100 3 1 14 13
1100 6 31 30 9
1100 9 30 46 48
1100 10 34 33 33
1100 1 60 60 64
1100 13 63 67 66

UNCLk1AIN1ILS
O Length of 1||e | Lhe lengLh of Lhe Llle was measured uslng a meLer sLlck an analogue plece of
equlpmenL 1he smallesL degree of measuremenL ls 01 cm because Lhe meLer sLlck ls an analogue
plece of equlpmenL lLs uncerLalnLy ls Laken Lo be half of lLs smallesL degree of measuremenL glvlng
an uncerLalnLy value of 003 cm
O Vo|ume of water co||ected V Lhe uncerLalnLy of Lhe volume flgure came from Lhe measurlng
cyllnder lLs manufacLurer speclfles lLs uncerLalnLy Lo be 1 ml
8AW uA1A
Vo|ume of
sw|mm|ng poo|
water used V
w
] m|
Mass of water and measur|ng cy||nder m
w
] g
Mass of Lmpty
Measur|ng
Cy||nder m
c
] g
1 m|
001 g
001 g
1r|a| 1 1r|a| 2 1r|a| 3
0 6434 643 6437 4343
40 8461 8460 8437 4343
60 1046 10464 10463 4343
80 1433 1436 1433 4343
100 14391 14389 14388 4343

unCL81Aln1lLS
O Mass f|gures m
w
m
c
Lhe mass flgures were Laken uslng a sLandard 3000 gram mass scale a
dlglLal plece of equlpmenL 8ecause Lhe equlpmenL was dlglLal Lhe smallesL degree of
measuremenL was Laken as Lhe uncerLalnLy of Lhe daLa leadlng Lo an uncerLalnLy of 001 g

O Vo|ume of sw|mm|ng poo| water used V
w
Lhe uncerLalnLy of Lhe volume flgure came from Lhe
measurlng cyllnder lLs manufacLurer speclfles lLs uncerLalnLy Lo be 1 ml

3 hyslcs lnLernal AssessmenL 1 Lab 8eporL WrlLeup

CALCULA1ING 1nL DLNSI1 CI SWIMMING CCL WA1Lk
Vo|ume of sw|mm|ng poo| water used V
w1
]
m
3
Average Mass of Sw|mm|ng oo| Water m
AV
] kg
0000001 m
3
000002 kg
000000 00111
0000040 004116
0000060 00610
0000080 00809
0000100 010046

rocesslng Lhe gaLhered daLa Lo flnd Lhe magnlLude of Lhe gravlLaLlonal fleld sLrengLh
l) deLermlnlng Lhe pressure of Lhe alr aL dlfferenL depLhs
8oyleMarloLLe's Law
1
v
1

1
Lhe pressure of Lhe alr lnslde Lhe waLer boLLle when Lhe boLLle ls ouL of Lhe waLer ls Lhe same as Lhe
magnlLude of Lhe aLmospherlc pressure ln Lhe reglon of koh Chang around LhaL Llme
76mmPg 03mmPg as glven by hLLp//wwwmeLeoprogdk/en/weaLher/koChang/
Clven LhaL 1mmPg 13331 a as glven by hLLp//wwwonllneconversloncom/pressurehLm

1
76mmPg 76*13331 9678306a 96783ka (3 sf)
v
1
Lhe volume of Lhe alr lnslde Lhe waLer boLLle when Lhe boLLle ls ouL of Lhe waLer ls equal Lo Lhe full
volume of Lhe waLer boLLle wlLh Lhe cork on

CALCULA1ICNS
O Vo|ume of sw|mm|ng poo| water used V
w1
Lhe followlng calculaLlon had Laken place Lo converL v
w

lnLo Sl unlLs

w1
=

w
1

1he uncerLalnLy of v
w1
was [usL slmply scaled down by a facLor of one mllllon as well

O Average Mass of Sw|mm|ng oo| Water m
AV
Lhere are 3 maln sLeps lnLo calculaLlng m
Av

1 llnd Lhe average of Lhe Lhree Lrlals of m
w
by uslng Lhe followlng formula
Auege =
(| 1 +| 2 +| 3)
3

1he uncerLalnLy remalns 001 g for when Laklng an average of daLa polnLs wlLh Lhe
same uncerLalnLy Lhe uncerLalnLy remalns Lhe same
6 hyslcs lnLernal AssessmenL 1 Lab 8eporL WrlLeup

1hen Lhe dlfference beLween Lhe average and Lhe mass of Lhe cyllnder ls found uurlng
Lhls process Lhe uncerLalnLles of Lhe Lwo values add glvlng a flnal uncerLalnLy of 00
g
3 llnally m
Av
ls found by scallng Lhe answer calculaLed ln sLep by scallng Lhe answer
found ln sLep by 1000 Agaln Lhe uncerLalnLy was slmply scaled down by 1000 as well
glvlng a flnal uncerLalnLy of 00000 kg
1here ls a dlrecL llnk beLween volume mass and denslLy and Lhus can be expressed by Lhe followlng
equaLlon (p represenLs Lhe denslLy of Lhe swlmmlng pool waLer)
p =

w1


A
= p
w1

1herefore a graph can be ploLLed and Lhe graph should be llnear wlLh lLs gradlenL represenLlng p Lhe
denslLy of Lhe swlmmlng pool waLer Pence a graph was ploLLed
A C8AP 1C SPCW 1PL 8LLA1lCnSPl 8L1WLLn AvL8ACL MASS Cl SWlMMlnC CCL WA1L8 Anu



7 hyslcs lnLernal AssessmenL 1 Lab 8eporL WrlLeup

VCLUML CI SWIMMING CCL WA1Lk USLD
key
O 8lack llne llne of besL flL gradlenL 990 kg m
3

O 8lue llne llne of maxlmum gradlenL gradlenL 1016 kg m
3

O 8ed llne llne of mlnlmum gradlenL gradlenL 971 kg m
3

ncron =
Ho ron - Hn ron

=
-9

= _ K
-3

ns o sn poo or, p = 99 _ K
-3


kCCLSSLD DA1A

Depth h ] m
I|na|
Vo|ume V
2

] m
3

Average
Change |n
Vo|ume V ]
m
3
In|t|a|
Vo|ume V
1
]
m
3
Atmospher|c
ressure (lSlLe koh
Chang 011) p
1
]
a
Dens|ty of
Water p ] kg
m
3

04S
0000004
m
3
0000001 m
3
0000003
m
3
1 a 20 kg m
3
0330

0001
0000386 0000014 0000600 9679 990
0660

0003
0000370 0000030 0000600 9679 990
0990

0004
000033 0000048 0000600 9679 990
1100

0003
0000346 0000034 0000600 9679 990
130

0006
0000339 0000061 0000600 9679 990
1630

0007
0000334 0000066 0000600 9679 990

CALCuLA1lCnS
O Depth h Lhls daLa was processed uslng maln processes
1 uslng Lhe daLa from 8AW uA1A ML1PCu A Lhe followlng formula was used
egth t|e, deth, h
1

1o converL Lhe daLa from sLep 1 Lo Sl unlLs Lhe daLa from sLep 1 was scaled down by a
facLor of 100
1he uncerLalnLles were calculaLed Lhe followlng ways
8 hyslcs lnLernal AssessmenL 1 Lab 8eporL WrlLeup

1 llrsLly Lhe percenLage uncerLalnLy of Lhe lengLh of Llle l was deduced by Lhe followlng
formula
et|ty =
Aute uet|ty
egth t|e, dt
1 =
. 5
11.
1 = . 45
8ecause Lhe depLh h
1
daLa seL had no uncerLalnLles (for lL was essenLlally Lhe number of
Llles) Lhe percenLage uncerLalnLy remalned consLanL
1he absoluLe uncerLalnLles each daLa polnL of depLh h was calculaLed uslng Lhe
followlng formula
Aute et|ty = t eth, h
et|ty
1

O I|na| Vo|ume V
2
Lhls daLa seL was calculaLed by flndlng Lhe dlfference beLween lnlLlal volume
v
1
/ m
3
and Average Change ln volume Av 8ecause a subLracLlon process was Laklng place Lhe
absoluLe uncerLalnLles of boLh flelds were summed

DLDUCING 1nL GkAVI1A1ICNAL IILLD S1kLNG1n CI 1nL LAk1n CLCSL 1C 1nL LAk1n'S SUkIACL
8oyle's Cas Law

1
=
2

Where
O

Lhe aLmospherlc pressure ln ascals

O I

Lhe lnlLlal volume of Lhe boLLle ln cublc meLers

O

Lhe gas pressure lnslde Lhe boLLle afLer lL has been submerged ln Lhe swlmmlng pool aL a
cerLaln depLh ln ascals
O I

Lhe new volume occupled by Lhe gas ln Lhe boLLle afLer lL ls submerged ln Lhe swlmmlng
pool aL a cerLaln depLh ln cublc meLers
When Lhe boLLle ls submerged aL a cerLaln depLh Lhe waLer pressure p
w
wlll balance wlLh Lhe alr
pressure lnslde Lhe boLLle hence

2
=
w

uslng Lhe pressure formula equaLlon 1 ls as follows (l ls Lhe welghL of waLer and A ls area)

w
=

A

uslng Lhe denslLy formula equaLlon can be derlved (p ls waLer denslLy m ls mass v ls volume and g ls
Lhe gravlLaLlonal fleld sLrengLh of Lhe LarLh)
p =

9 hyslcs lnLernal AssessmenL 1 Lab 8eporL WrlLeup

p =

g

= pg
SubsLlLuLlng equaLlon lnLo equaLlon 1esLabllshes Lhe relaLlonshlp beLween waLer pressure and depLh

w
=
pg
A

w
=
pgAh
A


w
= pgh
8ecause waLer pressure balances wlLh Lhe gas pressure lnslde Lhe waLer boLLle Lhe equaLlon can be
rewrlLLen as follows

2
= pgh
Pence 8oyle's Law can be rewrlLLen as follows
pgh
2
=
1

1

1he equaLlon can be rewrlLLen as shown below
h
2
=

1
pg

uslng naLural logarlLhms Lhe followlng relaLlonshlp ls deduced
(h) + (
2
) = _

1
pg
]
(
2
) = |-(h)] + _

1
pg
]
8CCLSSLu uA1A Wl1P nA1u8AL LCCA8l1PMS
|n (h) |n (V
2
)
04S 00S
11 744
0413 747
00101 730
00933 731
078 733
0301 734


10 hyslcs lnLernal AssessmenL 1 Lab 8eporL WrlLeup

CALCuLA1lCnS
O |n (h) Lhe calculaLlon carrled ouL was calculaLlng Lhe naLural logarlLhm of Lhe daLa values of
Lhe depLh h and mulLlplylng Lhe resulL by 1 1he percenLage uncerLalnLy of depLh h carrled on
Lhrough Lhe naLural logarlLhm as 043
O |n (V
2
) Lhe calculaLlon was carrled ouL by calculaLlng Lhe naLural logarlLhm of Lhe daLa values of
Lhe flnal volume v

daLa polnLs as Laken from Lhe 8CCLSSLu uA1A

1he calculaLlon of Lhe uncerLalnLles of ln (v

) requlred several sLeps

1 1he relaLlve uncerLalnLy of every daLa seL of Lhe flnal volume v

was calculaLed uslng

Lhe followlng formula
Wet|ue et|ty =
Aute et|ty

2
t Set

1he ln (v

) values were mulLlplled wlLh Lhelr respecLlve relaLlve uncerLalnLles all of Lhelr
absoluLe uncerLalnLles Lurned ouL Lo be 003

A LCGAkI1nMIC GkAn 1C DISLA 1nL IUNC1ICN 8LLCW
(
2
) = |-(h)] + _

1
pg
]

11 hyslcs lnLernal AssessmenL 1 Lab 8eporL WrlLeup

key
O 8lack llne llne of besL flL yaxls lnLercepL 7309
O 8lue llne llne of maxlmum gradlenL yaxls lnLercepL 737
O 8ed llne llne of mlnlmum gradlenL yaxls lnLercepL 7490
ncron =
Ho os nrcp - Hn os nrcp

=
(-.9) - (-.)

= _ .
n_
p
1

1
p
] = -. _ .
ConverLlng Lhe absoluLe uncerLalnLy Lo percenLage uncerLalnLy
n _
p
1

1
p
] = -. _ .
Cancelllng Lhe naLural logarlLhm
p
1

1
p
=
-7.51
_ .
lnpuLLlng Lhe values of p
1
v
1
and p
(99 _)(. _.)
(99 _)
=
-7.51
_ .
(99 _.)(. _ .)
(99 _.)
=
-7.51
_ .
(99 _.)(. _ .)
(99 _.)(
-7.51
_ .)
=
=
(99)(.)
(99)(
-7.51
)
_ .9 s
-2

= _ .9 s
-2

= _ s
-2


CCNCLUSICN
1he gravlLaLlonal fleld sLrengLh of Lhe LarLh was deduced Lo be 107 3 ms

1hls ls clearly noL a

represenLaLlve resulL for Lhe accepLed value of Lhe gravlLaLlonal fleld sLrengLh of Lhe LarLh ls
approxlmaLely 10 Llmes less Lhan LhaL deduced by Lhls lnvesLlgaLlon Lhe accepLed value ls around 98
1 hyslcs lnLernal AssessmenL 1 Lab 8eporL WrlLeup

ms

(vlllanueva 009) AlLhough random error may have Laken a parL ln Lhe huge dlfference from Lhe
lnvesLlgaLlon's resulL and Lhe accepLed value lL ls largely llkely Lo be a resulL of sysLemaLlc error LhaL
may have occurred durlng Lhe experlmenL or Lhe calculaLlons
Lva|uat|on
Weaknesses and llmlLaLlons ln Lhe experlmenL
O 1he LemperaLure was noL measured and recorded aL dlfferenL depLhs whlch should have been
accounLed for ln Lhe calculaLlons uslng Lhe formula (
1
*v
1
)/1
1
) (

*v

)/1

O 1here were flucLuaLlons wlLh Lhe elecLronlc hand balance whlle Laklng readlngs ln order Lo
deLermlne Lhe denslLy of Lhe pool waLer
O 1he fellow experlmenLer who agreed Lo dlve lnLo Lhe pool and collecL Lhe waLer noLed LhaL Lhe
boLLom of Lhe waLer boLLle ln hls hand was noL kepL parallel Lo Lhe surface of Lhe waLer all Lhe
Llmes whlch would have affecLed Lhe amounL of waLer LhaL enLered Lhe waLer boLLle
O We used an analogue measurlng devlce a cyllndrlcal measurlng cyllnder Lo measure Lhe
amounL of waLer whlch had collecLed lnLo Lhe waLer boLLle 1hls could have caused problems
wlLh Lhe accuracy of Lhe readlngs as Lhe measurlng cyllnder mlghL noL have always been read aL
perfecL eyelevel
O WhllsL Laklng Lhe readlngs lL sLarLed ralnlng around Lhe pool where we were Laklng Lhe readlngs
from As raln waLer ls of dlfferenL denslLy and of dlfferenL LemperaLure Lhan Lhe chlorlnaLed
pool waLer ln Lhe luLALS pool ln koh Chang Lhls weaLher facLor could have affecLed Lhe denslLy
and/or Lhe LemperaLure of Lhe pool waLer affecLlng our resulLs

Areas for lmprovemenLs
O We should use a dlglLal measurlng probe ln furLher experlmenLs Lo record Lhe LemperaLure of
Lhe waLer aL each speclfled depLh uslng a dlglLal measurlng devlce would help Lo reduce human
error and provlde us wlLh a more rellable seL of resulLs for Lhe change ln Lhe pressure of Lhe alr
lnslde Lhe waLer boLLle whllsL Lhe waLer boLLle ls underwaLer such as Vern|er Sta|n|ess Stee|
1emperature robe 1M81A
O We should use a newer more rellable and accuraLe elecLronlc hand balance Lo Lake readlngs of
Lhe welghL of ob[ecLs ln fuLure experlmenLs such as Chaus A313 D|g|ta| M||||gram
O ln order Lo avold Lhe posslblllLy of such human error ln furLher experlmenLs we should use a
bureLLe wlLh sealable valves aL boLh ends lnsLead of a waLer boLLle 1he bureLLe should be
sLurdlly flxed Lo a sLand whlch should only allow Lhe bureLLe Lo move verLlcally up and down by
Lhe movemenL of a wheel 1hls would help reduce human error as Lhe dlver could sLeadlly Lurn
Lhe wheel unLll Lhe boLLom valve ls aL Lhe deslgnaLed depLh when Lhe valve can be opened and
closed afLer a few momenLs 1hen Lhe bureLLe could be exLracLed from Lhe waLer and Lhe waLer
whlch had collecLed lnslde Lhe bureLLe could be empLled lnLo a measurlng devlce
13 hyslcs lnLernal AssessmenL 1 Lab 8eporL WrlLeup

O ln order Lo geL more accuraLe readlngs of Lhe waLer whlch collecLs lnLo Lhe waLer boLLle we
should use a measurlng devlce such as a measurlng cyllnder wlLh a smaller uncerLalnLy
O Any furLher experlmenLs should be carrled ouL ln a covered pool ln order Lo ellmlnaLe Lhe
posslblllLy of changlng weaLher condlLlons affecLlng Lhe resulLs