Chapter: 7

The Five Daily Namzes

Ru l e s a n d Re g u l a t i o n s Pe r t a i n i n g t o

Namz of Momin
(A c o m p re h e n s i v e g u i d e )

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes

(Qr'n Shareef, Soorah: 4 An-Nis, Verse: 103) Regular alt (namz) have been made obligatory at the fixed timings for all the believers (Mslims).

174

Namz of Momin

Contents
1. Namz-e Faj'r 1.1 Permissible timings 1.2 Divine excellences 1.3 Snnat-e Faj'r 1.4 Qa 1.5 Ibdat at sunrise 1.6 Miscellaneous issues 2. Namz-e oh'r 2.1Permissible timings 177-185 177 179 180 181 185 185 186-196 186 193 194

2.2
3.

Divine excellences

2.3Miscellaneous issues Namz-e A'r 3.1Permissible timings 3.2Divine excellences 197-201 197 199 199 200 200

3.3
4.

Ibdat at sunset

3.4Qa and naf'l namz after namz-e A'r 3.5Miscellaneous issues Namz-e Maghrib

4.1
5.

Permissible timings

4.2Divine excellences 4.3Miscellaneous issues Namz-e Ish 5.1Permissible timings 5.2Divine excellences 5.3Snnat-e ghair-makkadah namz 5.4Vit'r namz 5.5Vit'r of masbooq 5.6Qa namz 5.7Naf'l namz 5.8Miscellaneous issues Tarvee namz Mstaab and supererogatory namzes 7.1Tahajjd namz 7.2alatl Ishrq 7.3Namz-e Chsht

201-205 201 202 202

206-211 206 206 207 208 210 210 211 211 212 213-214 213 214 214

6. 7.

175

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes

7.4altl Auvbeen 214

Namz Chart
Faj'r Snnat-e Makkadah (Snnat-e Qabliah) 2 oh'r 4 A'r Maghrib

Ish

Jmah

Snnat-e GhairMakkadah (Snnat-e Qabliah) Far Snnat-e Makkadah (Snnat-e Badiyah) Naf'l Vjib (Vit'r) Total Rakats

2 -

4 2

4 -

3 2

4 2

2 4+2

2 12

2 7

2+2 3 17

2 14

Eidain:

Two rakats vjib with six extra takbeers. No azn and no iqmat for Eidain namz. No naf'l namz before or after Eidain namz. No Eid namz for women.

Tarvee:

Twenty rakats snnat-e makkadah for men and women during the month of Ramn to be performed after the far and snnat of ish namz and before vit'r namz.

Namz-e janzah :

With four takbeers No azn and no iqmat for namz-e janzah No rakats in namz-e janzah.

176

Namz of Momin

For those who have yearning desire to draw near to Allh , there is no finer means of drawing close than the performance of religious duties (alts) prescribed by Allh . It is far for every Mslim who is sane and has reached the age of puberty to perform five daily namzes. When a prayer time comes, it becomes far for him/her to perform that particular namz. If the prayer time is over before he/she has performed it without a good excuse of not doing so, he/she will have committed a grave sin. Whether he/she has had a good excuse or not, qa will be necessary. In this chapter, we will go through issues pertaining to five daily namzes and few mstaab and supererogatory namzes.

1.

Morning namz (namz-e faj'r):

1.1 Permissible timings Divine excellences Snnat-e faj'r Qa Ibdat at sunrise Miscellaneous issues

Permissible timings:

Permissible time for faj'r namz is from dawn to

sunrise. Dawn is the first appearance of light in the sky before sunrise in the east. Minimum duration for faj'r namz: 1 hour 18 minutes 177

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes Maximum duration for faj'r namz: 1 hour 35 minutes Following table shows change in namz-e faj'r duration (Reference: Bahr-e Shariat III/18):
No. 1 2 3 4 5 When 21 22 22 22 21 March June September December March Duration 1 1 1 1 1 hour hour hour hour hour 18 35 18 24 18 minutes minutes minutes minutes minutes Gradual change What happens? Increases Decreases Increases Decreases Increases

Postscript: Timings shown in the above table is meant for Bareilly Shareef and nearby areas, which are situated in the same latitude on longitude as of Bareilly Shareef. Timings will differ for other places.
1.1.1

Issue: For gents, namz-e faj'r should be performed in the later phase of the permissible duration. It should be delayed till incipient gleam spread all over the ground and clear visualization is possible. (Raddl-Mtr) Issue: For gents, timing for namz-e faj'r should be fixed in such a way that 40 to 60 verses can be recited slowly and systemically. Further, after accomplishing namz enough time must remain so the namz in question can be repeated if it is ruined due to any undue error. (Drr-e Mkhtr, Fatv Raaviyyah-II/365) Issue: For ladies, it is desirable to perform namz-e faj'r in early phase of the permissible duration. As far as rests of the namzes are concerned, it is better to wait till gents have accomplished their congregational namz. (Drr-e Mkhtr, Fatv Raaviyyah-II /366) Issue: It is makrooh to delay performance of namz-e faj'r up to such an extent that doubt arises in mind about sunrise. (lam-geeri, Bahr-e Shariat)

1.1.2

1.1.3

1.1.4

178

Namz of Momin
1.1.5

Issue: Suppose a person requires ahrat (purity) for performance of namz and if he goes to take bath, there are all chances of missing the namz-faj'r. At this juncture primarily he should perform namz-e faj'r with tayammm and later on after attaining ahrat (taking bath) repeat the namz. (Fatv Raaviyyah- III / 371) Issue: Faj'r namz can be performed anytime within its permissible duration from dawn to sunrise. Namz-e faj'r is never makrooh in its permissible duration. (Barr-Riq, Bahr-e Shariat, Fatv Raaviyyah-II/351)

1.1.6

1.2 1.2.1

Divine excellence of namz-e faj'r:

According to mmlMomineen arat Ayeshah iddeeqah uoor-e Aqdas has narrated that: Two rakats namz of faj'r is better than the entire world along with all its belongings. (Mslim, Tirmizee) arat Abdllh ib'n-e mar narrated that: uoor-e Aqdas narrated:
1.2.2

has has once

Two rakats of faj'r namz carry lot of virtues and excellences and hence observe it as an obligatory duty.
1.2.3

uoor-e Aqdas

has once narrated:

Do not miss snnat of faj'r namz even though enemy mounted on horses are on your head. Much excellence (faeelat) has been described in adee for performing namz-e faj'r after the incipient
1.2.4

179

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes gleam has spread all over the ground1. We will go through few adee:
1.2.4.1 adee Shareef:

Imm Tirmizee has recorded a adee from arat Rfae bin Khdaij that uoor-e Aqdas has once narrated that: Great reward is there in performing namz-e faj'r in gleam.
1.2.4.2

adee Shareef: has narrated that:

arat Anas

Those who perform namz-e faj'r in light will be: 1. Blessed with maghfirat. 2. Allh will bless with acceptance of namz and illumination of the heart and grave. (Dailmee) 1.2.4.3 adee Shareef: According to arat Ab Hrairah , uoor-e Aqdas has narrated that: My mmat (followers) will always be on true religion till they offer namz-e faj'r in light. (Moajm-e Ausa by abrnee)
1.3 1.3.1

Snnat-e faj'r namz:

Issue: It is unlawful to perform snnat-e faj'r namz after congregational faj'r namz even though sufficient time is lasting. (lam-geeri, Fatv Raaviyyah-III/620) Issue: Snnat namz of faj'r is most important snnat among all snnats. Some religious leaders have termed this as vjib. One who deliberately denies the significance and legitimacy of snnat-e faj'r namz will
1.3.2
1

Incipient gleam: A dim dull white glow appears vertically in the eastern horizon about 90 minutes before sunrise followed by a brightness, which appears horizontally. This horizontal glow spreads instantly along horizon and becomes larger and larger until after a short while it becomes light. With appearance of this horizontal glow in the eastern horizon, time for namz-e faj'r commences.

180

Namz of Momin be termed as kfir (infidel). Hence, snnat-e faj'r should not be performed in sitting position without any excuse (lawful authentic reason). And yes! This snnat namz cannot be offered in moving vehicle. This snnat is like vjib. (Raddl-Mtr, Fatv Raaviyyah- III /44) Issue: In snnat namz of faj'r, it is snnat to add Soorah-e Kfiroon (Chapter 109 of Qr'n Shareef: The disbelievers) and Soorah-e Ikhl (Chapter 112 of Qr'n Shareef: The purity of faith) to Soorah-e Ftiah in first and second rakat respectively. (Ghnyah Shar-e Mnyah)
1.3.3

Issue: It is unlawful to start any naf'l or snnat namz after congregational far namz has been announced and/or started except snnat-e faj'r namz. If one firmly believes that after offering snnat, he will be able to join the congregational namz, however, may be in qadah, then first of all he should perform snnat-e faj'r namz in any corner of the mosque and then join the congregational namz. (Bahr-e Shariat, Fatv Raaviyyah-III/614)
1.3.4

Issue: If congregational far namz has been established and one thinks that congregational namz will be missed if he opts to offer snnat-e faj'r namz, in that case one should join the congregational namz leaving snnat-e faj'r namz. This is because missing congregational namz in lieu of snnat is unlawful and punishable. (lam-geeri, Fatv Raaviyyah-III/370, 613)
1.3.5

Issue: Perform only far and vjib constituents of namz in snnat-e faj'r namz leaving snnat and mstaab constituents if there is fear of missing congregational namz of faj'r, viz. an, taavvz and tasmiyah can be omitted and tasbee can be recited only once. (Raddl-Mtr, Bahr-e Shariat)
1.3.6

Issue: One has started snnat-e faj'r namz and somehow ruined, and subsequently wishes to repeat performance of snnat-e faj'r namz after congregational far namz. In this situation also it is invalid and unlawful. (lam-geeri)
1.3.7

Issue: Snnat-e faj'r, vjib and far namz will be rendered invalid if performed in moving train. However, if train is not going to stop or there is no stop and it
1.3.8

181

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes seems that stipulated time for the namz in question will expire, then one can perform namz in moving train but when train stops, namz will have to be repeated. (Fatv Raaviyyah-III/44)
1.4 1.4.1

Qa namz:

Issue: Qa2 of snnat-e faj'r namz should be performed after sunrise. It is unlawful to perform qa of
2

Qa Namz: Lapsed or omitted namzes are called qa namzes. Namz cannot be performed on behalf of someone else. Everyone has to perform it himself. A person who is seriously ill or very old cannot give fidyah (compensatory money or ransom) to the poor in place of performing namz. However, he can give fidyah as a substitute for fasting when he is not able to fast. Performing any namz in its prescribed time is called ad. Performing any namz for second time before its time is over is named idah (repetition). If a namz is not performed in its time, performing it after its prescribed time is over is named qa. It is far to make qa of a far. It is vjib to make qa of a vjib. A person who has omitted a namz with an excuse or without an excuse has to make qa of it (has to perform it later). It is a grave sin (gnh-e kabeerah) to perform namz after its prescribed time without an excuse (i.e. without one of the good reason prescribed by Shariat). This sin is not forgiven when simply the namz is performed later. In addition to make qa of it, it is necessary to make taubah or to make ajj. The basis of this is that acceptance of the taubah requires eliminating the sin. When performing the far of five daily namzes and the namz of vit'r and when making qa of them, it is necessary to observe the tarteeb. That is when performing namz it is necessary to pay attention to the order of time. Tarteeb means prescribed order is necessary for qa and ad namz as long as they are less than six missed namzes and in such cases qa must be performed first and then ad. For example, if today someones faj'r, oh'r, a'r and maghrib became qa then he cannot perform the Ish namz until he has performed the qa for the four namz in sequence first. Furthermore, the far of Friday congregational namz must be performed at the time of days a'r namz. A person who cannot wake up for the namz-e faj'r has to make qa of it as soon as he remembers it, even if he remembers it during khbah. If a person, who has overslept or forgotten a namz, remembers it while performing the following namz in congregation, he must finish the namz together with the Imm and then make qa of previous namz. Then he must perform again the one that he has performed with Imm. The qa can be performed at any time except at the time sunrise, sunset and mid-noon. If a person remembers that he did not perform the vit'r namz before he begins the namz-e faj'r or he performs it, his namz-e faj'r will not be accepted. The namz-e

182

Namz of Momin snnat-e faj'r namz between faj'r namz and sunrise. (Fatv Raaviyyah-III / 462, 616) Addendum: Qa of snnat-e faj'r should be performed after twenty minutes of sunrise. Issue: If qa of faj'r namz is being performed on the same day before nif-n-nahr, then qa of far as well as snnat should be performed. (Raddl-Mtr)
1.4.2

faj'r will be valid only in case there is enough time so as to be able to perform vit'r namz before sunrise. This means to say that if at end of a namz time there is not enough time to make the qa also, the necessity to make the qa first lapses. A person, who performed the far of times namz while thinking that there was very little time left, finds out that there was enough time, he must make the qa and then again perform the times far namz. If he forgets that he has namz of qa as he begins the times namz or as he performs the times namz, the namz that he performs is valid one even if he remembers the qa after the namz. For it is an excuse to forget. When number of namzes of qa equals six, tarteeb is not necessary. A person who omitted six successive far namzes, or performed them but they were invalid, is not a person with tarteeb. If a person has fewer than six namzes that he did not perform, the five daily namzes that he performs without observing tarteeb are invalid. However, necessity of tarteeb lapses when there is no enough time to perform all qa and ad namzes. For instance, both the far of Ish and vit'r are qa and in the morning if a person had time only to perform five rakats, then he should perform three rakats of vit'r and two rakats far of faj'r. And, if he had time only to perform six rakats then he should perform qa of far of Ish and two rakats far of faj'r. Here tarteeb is missed due to lack of time and that is permissible. If a person has more than five namzes of qa, and if as he makes qa of some of them, the number of namzes which he did not perform becomes fewer than six, nevertheless, the necessity of observing the tarteeb does not reapply. He may perform the remaining namzes without paying attention to their sequence. The moment number of namzes of qa equals six tarteeb is not necessary. For instance, a person has already missed five namzes and the time for the sixth namz has gone, then tarteeb is no longer required, whether all the six namzes are old or some are recent and rest of them old one. This means to say that if a person has missed namzes of a month altogether and then started performing namzes again, however, yet again he misses a couple of namzes, in this circumstances the tarteeb is not far on him. As he has more than six qa in total to perform, he may perform the remaining namzes without paying attention to their sequence. When number of namzes of qa exceeds or equals six, tarteeb must not be observed in performing qa namz. This means to say that remaining qa can be performed in whichever sequence deemed suitable, for example, if a person has missed namz of a month, he can perform all thirty far of faj'r then thirty

183

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes Addendum: Qa of snnat-e faj'r namz will be rendered invalid except performed before nif-n-nahr of the same day. Issue: If qa namz of faj'r is to be offered after nif-n-nahr of the same day or next day onward then perform only qa of far. Qa namz of snnat-e faj'r is invalid after nif-n-nahr. (Fatv Raaviyyah-III/620)
1.4.3

Issue: One has already performed snnat-e faj'r namz and while performing far sunrise occurred and consequently resulted into ruination of far namz. Now,
1.4.4

far of oh'r, etc. or in any sequence. Nowadays there are few who perform regular namz. And the number of namzes that many of them have omitted is a matter of years. Because they have omitted without any excuse they have become very sinful. According to a adee if a person has omitted his far namz and has debts of qa, his performing the naf'l (supererogatory) namz is useless trouble. Unless he pays his qa Allh Tal will not accept his naf'l namz. Seeing this fact, in order not to die with debts of namz, and to escape the torment in the Hell, those who have omitted their namzes without an excuse for years and years should, at least, reschedule their five daily namz and intend to make qa instead of performing the naf'l and sn'nat-e ghairmakkadah namz. Faj'r :No change in schedule oh'r :In place of naf'l, perform qa by intending to make qa of the far of the earliest oh'r namz that you have not performed and perform four rakats. A'r :In place of sn'nat-e ghairmakkadah, perform qa by intending to make qa of the far of the earliest a'r namz that you have not performed. Maghrib : In place of naf'l, perform qa by intending to make qa of the far of the earliest maghrib namz that you have not performed and perform three rakats. 1. Ish :In place of sn'nat-e ghairmakkadah, perform qa by intending to make qa of the far of the earliest Ish namz that you have not performed. 2. In place of naf'l, perform qa by intending to make qa of the vit'r of the earliest that you have not performed and perform three rakats. 3. In place of naf'l, perform qa by intending to make qa of the far of the earliest faj'r namz that you have not performed. Thus each day you will pay the debt of a days qa. One must calculate the number of days, months or years of qa namz, the debt of qa which are due since he has attained the puberty; and then with a deep sense of repentance must pay the debts of qa as early as possible. If a person without any debts of qa makes qa instead of a namz which is snnat, his namz becomes supererogatory. We have stated earlier that the avb for a naf'l namz is quite insignificant when compared to the avb for a namz that is snnat.

184

Namz of Momin while performing qa of this far namz, snnat namz need not be repeated. (Ghnyah, Bahr-e Shariat) Issue: Qa namz can be offered between dawn and sunrise. But during this period qa namz should not be performed in mosque. People may consider that you are performing naf'l namz, and if asked by someone, you have to commit that you were performing qa namz. Qa must not be disclosed and hence, it is desirable to perform it at home. (Fatv RaaviyyahII/624)
1.4.5

Issue: Any sort of namz must not be performed at sunrise. All sort of namzes including far, snnat, naf'l or qa are disapproved at sunrise. Even sajdah-e tilvat and sajdah-e sah'v are abominable at this time. If somebody has started performing qa namz at sunrise, then he should be allowed to accomplish his namz first and afterward make him understand about this issue that his namz has been rendered invalid and unacceptable in the court of Allh and hence it must be repeated after twenty minutes of sunrise. (Bahr-e Shariat, Drr-e Mkhtr, Fatv Raaviyyah-III /714)
1.4.6 1.5

Ibdat at sunrise:
1.5.1

Issue: Recitation of Qr'n Shareef is disapproved at sunrise. (Fatv Raaviyyah-II/714) Issue: However, if someone recites yat-e sajdah at sunrise and does sajdah-e tilvat, it is lawful and permissible. (lamgeeri - I/49, Bahr-e Shariat) Issue: All worldly matters except zik'r-e ilhee are disapproved between dawn and sunrise. (Drr-e Mkhtr, Raddl-Mtr, Fatv Raaviyyah-I/197) Issue: One should remain busy with zik're ilhee and recitation of drood shareef at sunrise (for twenty minutes). (Drr-e Mkhtr)

1.5.2

1.5.3

1.5.4

1.6

Miscellaneous issues:
185

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes

1.6.1

Issue: If a anafite3 mqtadee follows Shfeee 4 imm in namz-e faj'r and Shfeee imm in accordance with Shfees school of Islamic Jurisprudence recites d-e qnoot, at that time anafite mqtadee should not recite de qnoot and should remain standing silently with hands hanging.5 (Drr-e Mkhtr, Bahr-e Shariat)

2. Early afternoon namz:

(Namz-e oh'r)
Permissible timings Divine excellences Miscellaneous issues

2.1

Permissible timings for namz-e oh'r:

The time for namz-e oh'r commences from just after

midday (nif-n-nahr). (Fatv Raaviyyah-II/352)

According to Imm-e am6 Ab anifh, the time for

namz-e oh'r lasts until the length of the shadow of an object becomes twice the size of the object plus the size of the shadow that was cast at the time of zavl
3

anafite: Those who follow anafee school of Islamic Jurisprudence founded by Imm-e am Ab aneefh are called anafite. Shfeee: Shfaite: Those who follow Shfiees school of Islamic Jurisprudence, founded by Imm Shfiee. Four sects of Ah'l-e Sn'nat: Ibid: Appendix II, Page 579-586 Four sects of Ah'l-e Snnat are: 1. anafee: (699 767 AD) Founded by Imm Ab anifh Nomn bin bit 2. Mlikee: (709 795 AD) Founded by Imm Mlik ib'n -e Anas 3. Shfiee: (767 820 AD) Founded by Imm Moammad ib'n-e Idris ash-Shfiee 4. ambalee: (780 855 AD) Founded by Imm Amad bin Moammad bin ambal Imm-e am: The Greatest among Imm; this term has been used very respectfully in this book for Imm Ab anifh Nomn bin bit .

186

Namz of Momin (starting point of Raaviyyah-II/210) the waning of sun). (Fatv

Example: The shadow of two-yard long stick was 4 inches at the time of zavl. The time for oh'r namz will remain until the shadow of the stick attains a length of four yard i.e. twice the length of object plus shadow at the time of zavl (4 yard 4 inches). An important clarification: Zavl should not be considered as makrooh time for namz. In fact, time for oh'r namz commences from zavl. Usually people believe that zavl is makrooh time for namz but this is not so. As a matter of fact makrooh time for namz is not zavl but it is nif-n-nahr. At nif-n-nahr any type of namz (viz. far, snnat, vjib, naf'l or qa), sajdah-e tilvat and sajdah-e sah'v are disapproved, unlawful and forbidden. Now, we will go through lexical meaning and practical implications of nif-n-nahr and zavl: Nif: Half, Mid Nahr: Day Nif-n-nahr: Half of the day, Meridian Midday 1. 2. There are two types of day: Nahr-e Shar'ee (from dawn to sunset) Nahr-e rfi (from sunrise to sunset) If permissible duration of namz-faj'r is added to nahr-e-rfi, it becomes nahr-e-shar'ee. This definition clearly shows that nahr-e shar'ee will be more than the nahr-e-rfi. If you take middle part of both days, in that case meridian midday of nahr-e-shar'ee comes earlier rather than the meridian midday of nahr-e-rfi. In other words, time difference between nahr-e-shar'ee and nahr-e-rfi is equal to the permissible duration of namz-e faj'r.

187

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes

Dawn to sunrise Permissible duration of namz-e faj'r

Sunrise to sunset

Dawn to sunset

Nahr-e rfi

Nahr-e Shar'ee

2.1.1

Issue: Waning of sun is called zavl. This is the time when restriction for namz has elapsed. Hence, it is myth to consider zavl as prohibited time. (Fatv Raaviyyah-II/206)

The flowchart (on page 188) is drawn for better understanding of events of a day. This is based on following issues from Fatv Raaviyyah: 1. Nahr-e-shar'ee begins from dawn and ends with sunset. (Fatv Raaviyyah II / 207,357) 2. Nahr-e rfi begins from sunrise and ends with sunset. (Fatv Raaviyyah II / 207,357)
3.

Nif-n-nahr-e shar'ee is always earlier to the extent of the half duration of namz-faj'r than nif-nnahr-e rfi. (Fatv Raaviyyah II/207,357)

4. As a matter of fact, the resultants time from nif-nnahr-e shar'ee minus nif-n-nahr-e rfi is the makrooh period which starts from nif-n-nahr-e shar'ee. (Fatv Raaviyyah- II / 358)

188

Namz of Momin

189

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes 5. Nif-n-nahr-e shar'ee is 40 minutes earlier than the nif-n-nahr-e rfi. (Fatv Raaviyyah-II/207)
6.

Nahr-e rfi is also known as Nahr-e aqeeqee. Actual midday is meridian midday of nahr-e rfi. At this moment sun is in the mid-sky. Namz is makrooh up to this moment stating from meridian midday of nahr-e shar'ee. After that there is no restriction. (Fatv Raaviyyah-II/358, 208) Time for namz-e oh'r commences from nif-nnahr-e rfi. (Fatv Raaviyyah II/207, 357, 352) 2.1.2 Issue: Namz is makrooh for the time nif-n-nahr-e shar'ee minus nif-nnahr-e rfi. This makrooh time is minimum 39 minutes to maximum 47 minutes in a year for Bareilly Shareef city. (Fatv Raaviyyah-II/ 345)

7.

Explanation: Permissible duration of namz-faj'r in a year is: Minimum: 1 hour 18 minutes = 78 minutes (Half will be 39 minutes) Maximum: 1 hour 35 minutes = 95 minutes (Half will be 47.5 minutes) Remember: Resultant time from nif-n-nahr-e shar'ee minus nif-n-nahr-e rfi is makrooh time for any sort of namz. Zavl starts from nif-n-nahr-e rfi (i.e. meridian midday of nahr-e rfi) Example: Suppose on a particular day dawn starts at 5.00 a.m., sunrises at 6.20 a.m. and sunsets at 7.00 p.m., then: Nahr-e shar'ee will be from 5.00 a.m. to 7.00 p.m. i.e. 14 hours Nif-n-nahr-e shar'ee will be 7 hours after dawn sets in and thus 12.00 noon (7 hours from 5.00 a.m.) Nahr-e rfi will be from 6.20 a.m. to 7.00 p.m. i.e. 12 hours 40 minutes.

190

Namz of Momin Nif-n-nahr-e rfi 6 hours 20 minutes after sunrise and thus at 12.40 p.m.
Half of the permissible duration of namz-e faj'r 40 minutes Nif-nnahr-e shar'ee 12.00 noon Nif-n-nahr-e

rfi

12.40 p.m.

Now it is very obvious that resultant time from nifn-nahr-e shar'ee (12.00 noon) minus nif-n-nahr-e rfi (12.40 p.m.) will be 40 minutes which is makrooh time for namz-e oh'r or any kind of namz. From nifn-nahr-e rfi (12.40p.m.) waning of sun (zavl) starts and with this time for namz-e oh'r commences.
2.1.3

Issue: The time for namz-e oh'r lasts until the length of shadow of an object becomes the twice the size of the object plus its true shadow i.e. the size of the shadow that was cast at the time of zavl. (Fatv Raaviyyah- II/226)

Explanation: Sun rises in the east, travels from eastern horizon to western horizon to set there. We can divide this journey in three phases: Phase I: Phase II: From eastern horizon (where sun rises) to mid-sky In mid-sky remains there for some time (i.e. from nif-n-nahr-e shar'ee to nif-n-nahre rfi).

Phase III: It starts waning from mid-sky and goes to western horizon to set there. In process of understanding aforesaid issue 2.1.3 first of all we will try to elucidate following two factors: 1. Shadow of an object cast at zavl (true shadow) 2. Shadow becoming twice the size of an object.

191

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes Example: Suppose on a particular day dawn starts at 5.00 a.m., sunrises at 6.20 a.m. and sunsets at 7.00 p.m., then: In afore-mentioned situation: Nif-n-nahr-e shar'ee will be at 12.00 noon. Nif-n-nahr-e rfi will be at 12.40 p.m. Thus: Phase I will be 6.20 a.m. to 12.00 noon and in this phase shadow of an object will be cast in west direction Phase II will be 12.00 noon to 12.40 p.m. and shadow of this phase is known as True Shadow. Phase III will be 12.40 p.m. to 7.00 p.m. and in this phase shadow of an object will be cast in east direction. TRUE SHADOW: Keep a stick erect, perpendicular to the ground and observe minutely its shadow in all three phases. In phase I shadow will be cast in the west direction. Slowly the size of the shadow will reduce and at one moment it will stop reducing. Until shadow was reducing, nif-nnahr does not occur. When shadow ceases reducing in size, this point is known as nif-n-nahr-e shar'ee. At this moment shadow will not be on west side but on south or north direction with slightly biased towards east. This is true shadow. The size of the shadow does not change from nif-nnahr-e shar'ee to nif-n-nahr-e rfi (Phase II). In phase III i.e. nif-n-nahr-e shar'ee shadow will progress towards east and increase in size. At one point size of the shadow will be of about true shadow plus twice the size of the object. Until this moment time for namz-e oh'r lasts. (This explanation is based on issue from Fatv Raaviyyah-II/ 353)

192

Namz of Momin
F i g u r e N o r t h A F i g u r e B

N o r t h S u n E a s t W e S t E a s t

S t i c k W e S t

S h a d o w T r u e s h a d o w

S o u

t h

S o u

t h

Example: Suppose, length of the stick is 2 feet and length of true shadow at nif-n-nahr is foot. The time for namz-e oh'r lasts until the length of the shadow of an object becomes twice the size of object (2+2= 4 feet) plus its true shadow ( foot). Hence, it is very clear that the time for namz-e oh'r lasts until the shadow becomes 4 feet in this given example. From this point onward time for namz-e a'r commences. (See fig.)
NORTH

Sun
oh'r namz

a'r namz time

W E S T

timing ends

commence s

2 ft long stick

E A S T

True shadow ftfoot

Sh ad o w 4 fe et

SOUTH

Above-mentioned explanation, example and illustrations are borrowed from Fatv Raaviyyah. 193

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes Issue: It is desirable and snnat to perform namz-e oh'r in the second half part of the permissible length of time in summer days. (Fatv Raaviyyah-II/227)

2.1.4

2.1.4.1

adee Shareef:

Imm Bkhree and Nasa'ee have recorded a narration in their collection from arat Anas that: uoor-e Aqdas used to perform namz-e oh'r after cooling the noon in summer whereas somewhat earlier in winter days. (Fatv Raaviyyah- II / 367)
2.1.4.2

adee Shareef: has narrated that:

arat Ab Hrairah

uoor-e Aqdas has commanded to perform namz-e oh'r after cooling because extreme heat is due to surge from the hell. (Imm Bkhree and Imm Mslim)
2.1.4.3

adee Shareef:

According to the Azn chapter of the aee Bkhree Shareef, arat Ab zrr Ghefree has narrated that: Once we were with Rasoolallh in journey. Mazzin thought to call the azn. uoor-e Aqdas told him to wait until noon is cooled down and the length of the shadow of the hill equalizes to its height. uoor-e Aqdas explained the reason that the extreme heat is due to surge from the Hell and therefore, if it is too hot, perform namz-e zoh'r after cooling. (Fatv Raaviyyah- II / 211, 367)
2.1.5

Issue: In summer, it is desirable to delay the performance of namz-e oh'r. Nevertheless, if congregational namz is

194

Namz of Momin fixed in early phase of permissible length of time then one must offer namz-e oh'r in congregation. It is unlawful to miss congregational namz. (Drr-e Mkhtr, lam-geeri)
2.1.6

Issue: Time for namz-e jmah (Friday congregational namz) and oh'r are same, which lasts until the shadow of an object becomes twice the size of the object plus true shadow. (Fatv Raaviyyah-II/361)

2.2

Divine excellence of namz-e oh'r:

2.2.1

In fact, first four-rakats snnat namz of oh'r is ranked next to snnat-e faj'r. (Drr-e Mkhtr) And, it has been emphasized enormously in adee stating the commandment of uoor-e Aqdas :

Those who miss these four-rakats namz will not gain My Shafat 7.
7

Shafat (Intercession): Prophets, Auliy (saints), Pious Mslims, angels and those who are allowed by Allh will intercede for the forgiveness of the venial and grave sins of those Mslims who die without having repented, and their intercession will be accepted. In the next world, Shafat (intercession) will be of five sorts: 1. The sinful becoming tired of the crowd and waiting so long at the place of judgment will wail and ask that the judgment commences as soon as possible. There will be intercession for this. 2. There will be intercession so that the questioning will be done easily and quickly. 3. There will be intercession for sinful Mslims so that they shall not fall off the er into Hell and so that they will be saved from Hells torture. 4. There will be intercession for taking gravely sinful Mslims out of Hell. 5. There will be intercession for the promotion of Mslims to a higher grade in the paradise where though there will be innumerable favours and an eternal stay, there will be eight

195

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes

2.2.2

abrnee has quoted a adee, which is ascribed to Ameerl-momineen arat mar Frooq . uoor-e Aqdas has narrated that:

Those who perform four rakats namz prior to oh'r namz (far), so to say, they performed four rakat Tahajjd8.

2.3

Miscellaneous issues:
Issue: Four-rakats snnat-e makkadah of oh'r namz, which is snnat-e qabliah, should be performed with one salm and in qadah-e ool recite only tashahhd. Sajdah-e sah'v will be vjib if
2.3.1

inadvertently Drood Shareef recited up to (Allhmma alli al Mammadin) or (Allhmma alli al Sayyeden). an and Taavvz should not be recited in third rakat. A soorah should be added to Soorah-e Ftiah in all four rakats. (Drr-e Mkhtr, Bahr-e Shariat IV/15, Fatv RaaviyyahIII/636) Issue: If someone has yet not offered fourrakats snnat-e qabliah namz of oh'r and congregational namz has established. In this situation, one must join the congregation first and after performing two-rakats snnat-e badiyah namz (to be offered after far namz), perform four-rakats snnat namz that was missed earlier and was to be performed prior to far namz. (Fatv Raaviyyah-III/617)
2.3.2

Issue: If someone is still offering four-rakats snnat-e makkadah of oh'r namz and congregational namz has established. In this situation, one should conclude it by making salm after two-rakats and join the congregation. After performing two-rakats snnat-e badiyah namz (to be offered after far namz), repeat
2.3.3 grades and every persons grade will be in proportion to the degree of his Imn and his deeds.
8

Tahajjd namz: Ibid Page: 213

196

Namz of Momin entire four-rakats snnat namz. (Fatv RaaviyyahIII/611) Issue: No act (that renders the namz invalid) should occur between snnat-e qabliah and far namz viz. talk, discussion, eating, drinking, etc.
2.3.4

According to one school of thought, avb is reduced due to such activity and another school of thought says that because of such acts only snnat is missed. To be on safer side and to remain away from such dispute one should repeat the snnat namz if such acts have taken place. However, it is unlawful to repeat snnat-e faj'r. (Fatv Raaviyyah- III / 472) Issue: In case of joining congregation in last rakat of namz-e oh'r then complete the remaining rakats in the following manner:
2.3.5

After imm concludes the namz by making one salm, stand erect for qiym position without imitating imm in making salm. If an has not been recited earlier, then begin with an, taavvz and tasmiyah. If an has been recited earlier in that case begin directly with taavvz and tasmiyah. In first rakat recite Soorahe Ftiah, add a soorah and thenceforth perform rkoo and sajdah. Thereafter, sit for qadah and recite only tashahhd. Afterward, stand erect in qiyam position for second rakat, recite Soorah-e Ftiah and add a soorah. Perform rkoo, sajdah and without qadah stand up again for third rakat-qiym. In third rakat recite only Soorah-e Ftiah and go for rkoo and sajdah and with qadah-e kheerah accomplish the namz. (Drr-e Mkhtr, Bahr-e ShariatIII/136, Fatv RaaviyyahIII/393, 396) Remark: Same method is applicable to namz-e a'r and namz-e ish. Joined Jamat in IV rakat In jamat only one rakat has been accomplished Stand up erect to perform missed rakats after imm concludes the namz by one salm

197

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes First missed rakat but second rakat of namz
Recite an if not recited earlier Directly start with Taavvz and Tasmiyah if an has been recited earlier. Recite Soorah Ftiah Annex one soorah to Soorah Ftiah. Perform rkoo and sajdah. Sit for qadah-e ool and recite only Tashahhd.

Stand up for qiym of second missed rakat but third of namz.

Recite Soorah Ftiah Annex one soorah to Soorah Ftiah. Perform rkoo and sajdah.

Stand up for qiym of missed third rakat but fourth of namz

Recite Soorah Ftiah only Do not annex another soorah to Soorah Ftiah. Perform rkoo and sajdah. Sit for qadah-e kheerah Recite tashahhd. Recite Drood-e Ibrheem and Du-e Moorah.

Conclude the namz by making Salm

3.

Late afternoon namz:

(Namz-e a'r)
Permissible timings Divine excellences

3.1

Ib'dat at sunset

Qa and naf'l namz after namz-e a'r Miscellaneous issues

Permissible timings:
Total time for namz-e a'r remains

198

Namz of Momin Minimum: 1 hour 35 minutes Maximum: 2 hour 06 minutes

Date Remains long 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 hour hour hour hour hour hour hour hour hour 35 50 01 06 01 50 41 36 35 for how Then what happens Increases Increases Increases Increases Decreases Decreases Decreases Decreases Remains unchanged until 21 January

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

21 20 22 23 23 23 23 24 01

January April May June July August September October November

minutes minutes minute minutes minute minutes minutes minutes minutes

Gradual change in time for namz-e a'r takes place

as shown in following table: (Bahr-e Shariat, Fatv Raaviyyah-II/216) 3.1.1 adee Shareef:

According to Imm Ib'n-e bn arat Abdllh bin Abbs , uoor-e Aqdas has narrated that: Time for namz-e oh'r remains until a'r; time for namz-e a'r remains until maghrib; time for namz-e maghrib remains until ish and time for namz-e ish remains until faj'r. (Fatv Raaviyyah-II/320) 3.1.2 Issue: The moment time for namz-e oh'r expires, time for namz-e a'r commences and lasts until sunset. (Bahr-e Shariat)
3.1.3

Issue: According to arat Say'yedn Imm-e am Ab anifh , time meant for namz-e a'r starts only when shadow of an object becomes twice the size of the object plus size of its true shadow. (Fatv RaaviyyahII/210) Issue: It is desirable to delay namz-e a'r within acceptable limits of the timings. However, one 199

3.1.4

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes should not delay up to such an extent that yellowish hue appears in the sky and sun can be gazed easily. (Drr-e Mkhtr, lam-geeri)
3.1.5 3.1.6

Issue: Sun becomes yellowish just 20 minutes prior to sunset. (Fatv Raaviyyah-II /222) Issue: In cloudy atmosphere namz-e a'r should be offered in early phase of permissible duration of namz-e a'r. Care should be taken not to perform namz-e a'r before time. It is better to delay namz-e a'r in rest of the days (other than cloudy days). (Fatv RaaviyyahII/213) Issue: Mstaab (desirable) time for namz-e a'r is second half phase of permissible duration of namz-e a'r except in cloudy days where earlier performance of namz is better. (Fatv Raaviyyah-II/352) Issue: Mstaab time for namz-e a'r is second half phase of permissible duration of namz-e a'r. For calculation, first deduct 20 minutes (that is makrooh time) from the permissible duration. Divide into two equal phases. Though first half phase is not unlawful, second half phase is mstaab time for namz-e a'r. (Fatv Raaviyyah-II/216)

3.1.7

3.1.8

Example: Suppose, todays time for namz-e a'r commences at 5.20 p.m. and sunsets at 7.10 p.m. Deduct 20 minutes from sunset time which is makrooh, this comes to 6.50 p.m.
Permissible duration of namz-e a'r is from 5.20 to

6.50 p.m. (1 hour 30 minutes). Any fraction of this duration is not makrooh. Divide this into two equal phases. First half phase (nif-avval): From 5.20 to 6.05 p.m. Second half phase (nif-kheer): From 6.05 to 6.50 p.m. 200

Namz of Momin It is mstaab to offer namz-e a'r during 6.05 to 6.50 p.m. (nif-kheer) on this particular day.
3.2 3.2.1

Divine excellence of namz-e a'r:

According to arat Abdllh ib'n-e mar uoor-e Aqdas has narrated that: Allhs compassion and mercy will be on those who prefer to perform namz-e snnat-e qabliah of a'r. (Ab Dood, Tirmizee)

3.2.2

According to mmlMomineen arat mm-e Salmah uoor-e Aqdas has narrated that: Allh will make the body of those who perform snnat-e qabliah of a'r arm on fire (i.e. fire will not burn the body of those who perform snnat-e qabliah of a'r). (abrnee)

3.3

Ibdat at sunset:
3.3.1

Issue: Twenty minutes prior to sunset is such a makrooh time that any sort of namz (viz. far, vjib, snnat, naf'l or qa) is unlawful. However, if a'r namz of the same day is due, one can perform namz-e a'r up to sunset. But such delay is forbidden, if underlying reason for delay is unexplainable according to Islamic jurisprudence. According to a adee, performer of such sort of namz will be considered as mnfiq. (lam-geeri, Bahr-e Shariat-III/21) Issue: When 20 minutes are left for sunset, makrooh time begins. All sort of namzes except namz-e a'r of the same day are prohibited. (Fatv Raaviyyah-II/215)

3.3.2

Note: Only far namz of a'r can be offered during this makrooh time. Snnat-e qabliah of a'r cannot be offered during this makrooh time.

201

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes

3.3.3

Issue: Recitation of Qr'n Shareef should be postponed and exclusively zik'r-e ilhee is advisable during this makrooh period at sunset. (Fatv Raaviyyah-359, Akm-e Shariat Part2, Issue: 52, Page: 31)

3.4
3.4.1

Naf'l and qa namz after namz-e a'r:

Issue: After namz-e a'r naf'l is proscribed (forbidden). Therefore naf'l namz must not be performed in between a'r and maghrib. (Drr-e Mkhtr, lam-geeri) Issue: Qa namz 9 can be performed after namz-e a'r until 20 minutes are left for sunset. (Bahr-e Shariat, Fatv Raaviyyah- II/359)

3.4.2

3.5
3.5.1

Miscellaneous Issues:
Issue: If someone is performing snnat-e qabliah and congregation is established. In this situation one must terminate his snnat namz after two rakats by making salm and join the congregation. There is no need to repeat the snnat namz. (Fatv Raaviyyah-III/611) Issue: In case of joining congregation in the last rakat of namz-e oh'r then complete the remaining rakats in the following manner:

3.5.2

Stand erect in qiym position after imm makes one salm. If an has not been recited earlier, then begin with an , taavvz and tasmiyah. If an has been recited earlier in that case begin directly with taavvz and tasmiyah. In first rakat recite Soorah-e Ftiah, add a soorah and then after perform rkoo and sajdah. After that, sit for qadah and recite only tashahhd. Afterward, stand erect in qiym position for second rakat, recite Soorah-e Ftiah and add a soorah. Perform rkoo, sajdah and without qadah stand up again for third rakat-qiym. In third rakat recite only Soorah-e Ftiah
9

Ibid, footnote on page 181-183.

202

Namz of Momin and go for rkoo and sajdah and with qadah-e kheerah accomplish the namz. (Fatv RaaviyyahIII/393)
3.5.3

Issue: There are four rakats snnat-e ghairmakkadah namz prior to far namz of a'r, which are to be offered with one salm. After two rakats, also recite drood shareef following tashahhd in qadah-e ool. Begin third rakat with an, taavvz and tasmiyah, as snnat-e ghair-makkadah is alike naf'l namz and each qadah of naf'l namz is qadah-e kheerah. Therefore drood shareef must be recited in each qadah and a soorah is to be added to Soorah-e Ftiah in each rakat. (Drr-e Mkhtr, Bahr-e Shariat-IV/15, Fatv Raaviyyah-III/461)

4.

Evening namz:
Permissible timings Divine excellences Miscellaneous issues

(Namz-e maghrib)

4.1

Permissible timings:
Immediately after sunset the time for namz-e maghrib commences and lasts until white glow of twilight remains. Duration of namz-e maghrib will be same as of namz-e faj'r of a particular day. Duration of namz-e maghrib varies as per below.
1 2 3 4 4.1.1 31 March 30 June 30 September 31 December 1 hour 18 minutes 1 hour 35 minutes 1 hour 18 minutes 1 hour 24 minutes Then increases Then decreases Then increases Then decreases

Issue: Immediately after sunset the time for namz-e maghrib commences and lasts until white glow of twilight remains. After that the time for namz-e ish begins. (Fatv Razaviy'yah- II/ 226)

203

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes

4.1.2 4.1.3

Issue: Time for namz-e maghrib is from sunset to till twilight goes off. (Bahr-e Shariat) Issue: Twilight is nothing but white glow spread from north to south in western horizon. This is similar to white glow found with commencement of dawn, which appears after red glow wanes off in eastern horizon. (Hidyah, Shar'-e Vaqyah, lam-geeri) Issue: Duration of namz-e faj'r and namz-e maghrib are equal10. (Bahr-e Shariat)

4.1.4

4.2

Divine excellence of namz-e maghrib:

adee Shareef: According to Mak'ool from Razeen, uoor-e Aqdas has narrated that: Namz of those who perform two-rakat namz after namz-e maghrib without talking any worldly talks will be placed in illiyn 11.

4.2.1

4.2.2

adee Shareef: According to arat zaifah has declared that: , uoor-e Aqdas

Perform two-rakat namz after namz-e far of maghrib as early as possible, since they are to be presented along with far. (abrnee)

4.3
4.3.1

Miscellaneous issues:
Issue: Initiation of congregational namz-e maghrib should be announced (i.e. iqmat) in such a way that

10

Permissible duration of namz-e maghrib will be same as of namz-e faj'r of a particular day. Illiyn: Upper most Heaven The promotion of Muslims to a higher grade where though there will be innumerable favours and an eternal stay in the paradise, there will be eight grades and every persons grade will be in proportion to the degree of his Imn and his deeds.

11

204

Namz of Momin three small verses or a long verse can be recited after azn. (lam-geeri)
4.3.2

Issue: It is against snnat to delay azn-e maghrib without any excuse (religiously authentic and lawful reason). (Fatv Raaviyyah-II / 355) Issue: If takbeer-e tareemah of namz-e maghrib is said and at that moment a small portion of sun is yet remains to set then namz will be rendered invalid. (Fatv Raaviyyah-II/360) Issue: It is forbidden to offer naf'l namz between sunset and maghrib. (Drr-e Mkhtr, lam-geeri) Issue: It is makrooh to delay namz-e maghrib so much, so that stars appear in the sky. (Fatv RaaviyyahII/226) Issue: It is desirable to perform namz-e maghrib immediately after sunset except in cloudy days. (Drr-e Mkhtr, Bahr-e Shariat) We will go through two adee supporting this issue: 4.3.6.1 adee Shareef: Ab Dood has recorded this adee ascribing to arat Abdl Azeez bin Rafeea , uoor-e Aqdas has narrated that: In cloudy days offer namz-e a'r in early phase of permissible duration for the same and delay is desirable in namz-e maghrib.
4.3.6.2 adee Shareef:

4.3.3

4.3.4 4.3.5

4.3.6

According to arat Ayyoob and arat qb bin mir has said that: Once uoor-e Aqdas has narrated that my followers will remain sagacious (having or showing good judgement) till they will not delay namz-e maghrib up to such an extent that dense stars become visible in the sky. (Imm Amad and Ab Dood)
4.3.7

Issue: Namz-e maghrib should be offered immediately after sunset. Delay to the extent of time required to

205

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes perform two-rakats namz is permissible. Delay more than this much time is makrooh-e tanzeeee. Delay to the extent that stars appear in the sky is makrooh-e tareemee. However, such delay is not objectionable only if it happens with due authentic reasons that can be explained according to Islamic Jurisprudence viz. during journey, sickness. (Drr-e Mkhtr, Bahr-e Shariat) 4.3.7.1 adee Shareef: Once arat Nafea had been traveling on foot along with arat Abdllh ib'n-e mar . arat Nafe'a has narrated that: I knew his habit of performing namz well in time. But on that particular day he did not performed namz after sunset. I said, salutations be upon you Namz! He looked at me and continued journey. When some twilight remained he came down from his ride and performed namz. Then he performed namz-e ish when twilight was totally not present. Then he turned towards me and said that Rasoolallh use to do so in journey when He was in haste. (Nasa'ee, Ref. borrowed from: Fatv Raaviyyah-II/240)
4.3.8

Issue: One should offer snnat namz immediately after far of namz-e maghrib and should not indulge in worldly talks between snnat and far. (Bahr-e Shariat)

4.3.8.1 adee Shareef: According to arat zaifah has narrated that: , uoor-e Aqdas

Those who perform two-rakats namz after namz-e maghrib without indulging in any worldly affairs will be placed in illiyn.
4.3.9

Issue: If a mqtadee joins the congregation in third rakat, he will perform his missed rakats in the following manner:

Stand up erect for qiym after first salm of imm. Recite an if not recited earlier. After taavvz and tasmiyah recite Soorah-e Ftiah and a soorah. After 206

Namz of Momin first rakat make qadah and stand up again for second rakat after reciting only tashahhd. Complete second rakat as first one and make qadah, which will be qadahe kheerah and then complete the namz. (Fatv Raaviyyah-III/392)

Joined Jamat in III rakat

In jamat only one rakat has been accomplished Stand up erect to perform missed rakats after imm concludes the namz by one salm

First missed rakat but second rakat of namz

Recite an if not recited earlier Directly start with taavvz and tasmiyah if an has been recited earlier. Recite Soorah Ftiah Annex one soorah to Soorah Ftiah. Perform rkoo and sajdah. Sit for qadah-e ool and recite only tashahhd.

Stand up for qiym of missed second rakat but third of namz

Recite Soorah Ftiah only Do not annex another soo'rah to Soorah Ftiah Perform rkoo and sajdah. Sit for qadah-e kheerah Recite tashahhd. Recite Drood-e Ibrheem and Du-e Moorah.

Conclude the namz by making Salm

207

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes

5. Night namz:
(Namz-e ish)

5.1

Permissible Timings of namz-e ish Divine Excellences of namz-e ish Snnat-e ghair-makkadah namz in namz-e ish

Vit'r namz Vit'r of masbooq Qa of namz-e ish Naf'l namz in namz-e ish Miscellaneous issues pertaining to namz-e ish

Permissible timings:
The moment stipulated time of namz-e maghrib expires, time for namz-e ish commences and lasts until dawn.
5.1.1

Issue: At the finishing point of stipulated time of namz-e maghrib, time for namz-e ish commences and lasts until dawn. (Fatv Raaviyyah- II / 226) Issue: It is mstaab to delay performance of namz-e ish up to one-third night. Delay is permissible up to midnight. (Drr-e Mkhtr) Issue: It is makrooh to delay namz-e ish beyond midnight. (Fatv Raaviyyah-II / 355) Issue: In cloudy days it is mstaab to offer namz-e a'r and namz-e ish in early phase of

5.1.2

5.1.3 5.1.4

208

Namz of Momin permissible duration. In similar situation it is mstaab to delay rest of the namzes (i.e. faj'r, oh'r and ish). (Bahr-e Shariat)
5.2

Divine excellence of namz-e ish:

adee Shareef: Ib'n-e Mjah has recorded this adee ascribing to arat Abdllh bin mar that uoor-e Aqdas has commanded that: Allh will bestow freedom from Hell to those who will offer namz-e ish consecutive forty nights in congregation without missing even a single rakat.

5.2.1

5.2.2

adee Shareef: Among all namzes, namz-e faj'r and namz-e ish are more painful for hypocrites (mnfiqeen). (abrnee)
5.2.3

adee Shareef:

Those who present themselves for namz-e ish, so to say they do qiym up to midnight. (Baihaqee)
5.2.4

adee Shareef:

Vit'r is truth. Those, who do not offer vit'r, are not from us. (Ab Dood) 5.2.5 adee Shareef:

Names of those, who deliberately missed the namz-e ish, will be written down on the door of the Hell. (Ab Noaim)

5.3
5.3.1

Snnat-e ghair-makkadah:
Issue: If one has not performed four-rakats snnat-e ghair-makkadah namz and wishes to perform after congregation, it is permissible and can be offered after 209

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes two-rakats snnat-e badiyah (snnat-e makkadah) namz. (Fatv Raaviyyah-III/367)
5.3.2

Issue: If someone begins fourrakats snnat-e ghairmakkadah namz and meanwhile congregation has established, in that case one should conclude his namz after two rakats by making salm and join the congregation. No need to repeat the snnat. (Fatv Raaviyyah-III/611) Issue: There are four rakats snnat-e ghair-makkadah namz prior to far namz of ish, which are to be offered with one salm. After two rakats, recite drood shareef also (along with d-e moorah) following tashahhd in qadah-e ool. Begin third rakat with an, taavvz and tasmiyah, as snnat-e ghair-makkadah is alike naf'l namz and each qadah of naf'l namz is qadah-e kheerah. Therefore drood shareef must be recited in each qadah and a soorah is to be added to Soorah-e Ftiah in each rakat. (Bahr-e Shariat- IV/15, Fatv Raaviyyah- III/461)

5.3.3

5.4

Vit'r Namz:
5.4.1 adee Shareef:

arat Ab Dood, Tirmizee, Nasa'ee and Ib'n-e Mjah have recorded a narration ascribing to Ameerlmomineen say'yedn arat Ali that, once uoor-e Aqdas has narrated that: Allh is vit'r (singular) and He likes vit'r namz. Hence O! Faithful followers, perform vit'r namz.
5.4.2

Issue: Although timings for far and vit'r of ish are identical but a sequential order must be maintained. Vit'r should be offered after far namz. If someone performs namz-e vit'r prior to far of ish, vit'r namz will be rendered null and void. (Drr-e Mkhtr, lam-geeri) Issue: It is mstaab to perform namz-e vit'r in the last part of night for those who can remain awaken, otherwise perform before going to bed.

5.4.3

210

Namz of Momin In case someone wake up in the last part of night to perform tahajjd namz, at that time vit'r namz should not be offered as one has slept and then wake up. Further, it is unlawful to repeat vit'r namz, once one has already offered it along with namz-e ish. (Drr-e Mkhtr, RaddlMtr)
5.4.4

Issue: There are three rakats in vit'r namz and qadah-e ool is vjib. After reciting only tashahhd in qadah-e ool, one should standup for third rakat. However, if someone stands up erroneously without doing qadah-e ool, there is no need to go back to qadah-e ool but continue third rakat and perform sajdah-e sah'v. (Drr-e Mkhtr, Raddl-Mtr, Bahr-e Shariat) Issue: Qirat is obligatory in all three rakats of vit'r. It is vjib to add a soorah after Soorah-e Ftiah in all rakats. (Bahr-e Shariat IV / 4) Issue: In third rakat of vit'r namz after qirat say takbeer (Allh-Akbar) and simultaneously raise hands up to ear lobule (as is done whilst takbeer-e tareemah) and fold both hands just below navel. Recite d-e qnoot and then make rkoo. (Bahr-e Shariat-IV/4) Issue: It is vjib to recite d-e qnoot in vit'r namz. Suppose, someone forgets to recite de qnoot and goes for rkoo and at that moment recollects. In this situation, there is no need to come back from rkoo to qiym position. Complete the namz and do sajdah-e sah'v. (lam-geeri, Fatv Raaviyyah-III/645) Issue: All (i.e. imm, mqtadee or mnfarid) should recite d-e qnoot silently. Whether namz is ad or qa, whether in Ramn shareef or else but recite d-e qnoot silently. (RaddlMtr) Issue: By all means mqtadee has to follow imm. Even in vit'r namz, if mqtadee has not 211

5.4.5

5.4.6

5.4.7

5.4.8

5.4.9

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes recited entire d-e qnoot and imm has proceeded for rkoo, in that case also mqtadee has to follow imm and must bow for rkoo. (lam-geeri, Raddl-Mtr)
5.4.10

Issue: Those who do not remember d-e qnoot: They should recite once:

Rab'ban tin fid dny asanatanv va feel khirati asanatanv va qin azban nri O Allh! Grant us goodness both in this world and in the world to come, and protect us from the pain of the fire. OR Recite thrice

Allhm-magh fir lan (lam-geeri, Bahr-e Shariat)

5.5 5.5.1

Vit'r namz of masbooq:

Issue: If masbooq joins congregational vit'r namz12 in third rakat, in this situation while completing missed two rakats after imm has concluded namz by making first (one) salm, do not recite d-e qnoot. (lamgeeri, Bahr-e Shariat) Issue: If masbooq has missed all rakats and joins congregation in qadah-e kheerah, in this situation while completing missed all three rakats after imm has concluded namz by making one salm, recite d-e qnoot' in third rakat. (Fatv Raaviyyah-III/488)

5.5.2

5.6

Qa namz:
5.6.1

Issue: If namz-e ish has been missed and qa13 is to be performed then qa of vit'r too

12 13

Congregational vit'r namz is offered in the month of Ramn only. Ibid, footnote on page 181-183.

212

Namz of Momin becomes vjib even if a long time has been elapsed. Even though namz-e ish might have been missed either deliberately or erroneously, whatsoever the reason may be, but once qa namz of ish is to be performed, perform qa of vit'r too. Whilst performing qa of vit'r namz, recite d-e qnoot. If qa of namz-e vit'r is being performed in public (viz. in mosque) then do not raise hands along with takbeer-e qnoot, so that no one should know that qa namz is being offered. To miss a namz is sin and its disclosure is greater sin. Hence, while offering qa namz it should not be disclosed. However, if someone is offering qa of namz-e vit'r at home or in isolation, hand should be raised up to ear lobules along with takbeer-qnoot. (RaddlMtr, lam-geeri, Fatv Raaviyyah-III/624)
5.6.2

Issue: In the month of Ramn14, those who could not join congregational far of namz-e ish, will not join congregation of vit'r namz. Thus those who have performed far of namz-e ish solitarily will perform vit'r namz also alone. (Fatv Raaviyyah- III/624) Issue: It is exceptionally good to perform tworakat naf'l namz after namz-e vit'r. It is most excellent to recite in its first rakat Soorah-e Zilzl (Chapter 99 of Qr'n Shareef: The Earthquake ) and in second rakat Soorah-e Kfiroon (Chapter 109 of Qr'n Shareef: The disbelievers). According to a adee shareef if anyone could not wakeup for tahajjd namz, these two-rakat naf'l will work as substitute for tahajjd. (Bahr-e Shariat) Issue: It is mstaab to perform last two-rakat naf'l namz in standing position. However, there is no objection if offered in sitting position. (Fatv Raaviyyah-III/461)

5.7

Naf'l namz of ish:

5.7.1

5.7.2

14

Ninth month of Hijri calendar; fastening month; Month in which revelation of the Holy Qr'n Shareef began.

213

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes

5.8

Miscellaneous issues:
5.8.1

Issue: It is makrooh to sleep before namz-e ish and indulge in worldly talks after namz-e ish. However, there is no objection for essential talks of day-to-day work, recitation of Qr'n Shareef, zik'r-e ilhee, religious issues, stories of leheen, v and discussion with guests. (Drr-e Mkhtr) Issue: It is makrooh to indulge in worldly talks after namz-e ish (Fatv Raaviyyah- I/197) Issue: Some people use to recite following verse in sajdah position after namz-e vit'r and believe that this is a wonderful aml as per aadee and practiced by bzrgn-e deen.

5.8.2 5.8.3

Sbbun qddsun rabbn-va rabbl malik kat-e var r Our Rabb, Rabb of all angels and arat Jibra'eel, is Pure and Elite. But as a matter of fact, it is makrooh in view of some Mslim jurist. The so-called adee showing excellence of this aml is also untrue and fallacious. All famous Islamic Jurisprudence books like Ghnyah, Ttrkhniyh, Drr-e Mkhtr, ahvee, Ad-drar etc has described it as makrooh, perhaps because of the fear of considering this aml as snnat or vjib by the common people. (Fatv Africa by Al arat; issue 37; page 34)

6.

Snnat-e makkadah namz:

(Other than five daily namzes)

Tarvee namz:
Twenty rakats snnat-e makkadah namz for both (adult) men and women to be performed after namz-e ish with ten salms in the month of Ramn. After every four rakats it is mstaab to sit a while and make d. arat mar ordered for the congregation in tarvee during his Caliphate and on seeing the 214

Namz of Momin congregation remarked, This is very nice bidat. To perform namz-e tarvee individually is snnat. And, to form a regular congregation is bidat-e asanah (praiseworthy innovation). However, it should be noted that if the innovation was brought into practice in the age of abah-e kirm, then we should not call it bidat but snnat of the abah (as it is respectfully to call it so), though it is a bidat-e asanah. A person cannot perform the tarvee before performing ish namz. Tarvee is performed after last snnat of ish namz and before the vit'r. However, it can be performed after the vit'r. It can be performed any time until faj'r namz, but one must remember that it cannot be performed after dawn has broken. It cannot be performed as qa namz, either. It is snnat-e kifyah to perform tarvee namz in jamat. If one performs tarvee namz alone at home, he will be deprived of virtues and blessings of jamat in the mosque. Those who did not perform ish namz in jamat cannot perform tarvee namz in jamat. Niyyat for two rakats snnat of tarvee:

I intend to perform two rakats snnat namz of tarvee for Allh Tal facing towards qiblah.

7.

Mstaab and supererogatory namzes:

Tahajjd Namz altl Ishrq Namz-e Chsht altl Auvbeen

7.1

Tahajjd namz:

215

Chapter: 7: The five daily namzes It is greatest in the rank of all the supererogatory (naf'l) namz 15, to be performed in the last part of night. After having gone to bed one should rise late in the night and engage in this wonderful worship (ibdat). It consists of four to twelve (4-12) rakats of naf'l namz in two to four rakats units.
7.1.1

Issue: Tahajjd namz is the most mstaab snnat and best among all mstaab namzes. All religious books including our Holy Qr'n support this fact. Though it is not a snnat-e makkadah namz, one who misses it, remains devoid of great virtues and excellences. However, skipper of tahajjd namz is not a sinner. (Fatv Raaviyyah-III/454) Issue: In the beginning, the tahajjd namz was far on uoor-e Aqdas and on his followers, but later on this far duty was abolished by consensus of the Ummat. A adee is quoted here in support of this issue. mml-Momineen arat Ayeshah narrated that: Namz-e tahajjd was far for uoor-e Aqdas and snnat for his followers. (Fatv Raaviyyah-III/455, 456) has

7.1.2

7.2

altl ishrq:
It comprises of two rakats naf'l namz. The permissible time for alatl Ishrq starts 20 minutes after sunrise.

15

Authors Note: It is very much essential to perform fari first. Naf'l will be acceptable only when one has offered all fari. Above faeelat (Divine excellence) of supererogatory (naf'l) namz are meant for those, whose even qa of far or vjib are not left. The snnat performed by those who do not carry out the far, that is, who owe debt to Allh , will not be accepted, and they will not be given rewards. They are not looked upon as having adapted themselves to our Prophet . If a person does all the far and omits one far without an excuse, none of his supererogatory (naf'l) worships and snnat of this kind will be given rewards until he pays his debt of his. In other words, Allh will not accept supererogatory (naf'l) namz of the person who has a debt of qa namz.

216

Namz of Momin adee Shareef: Imm Tirmizee has recorded a narration ascribing to arat Anas that uoor-e Aqdas has stated that: He who performs faj'r namz with jamat and remains seated in the same place engaging in zik'r-e ilhee until after sunrise and there after performs two rakats naf'l namz, will obtain the avb of one ajj and one mrah. (Bahr-e Shariat-IV/21)
7.3

Namz-e chsht:
Namz-e chsht comprises of 2 to 12 rakats of naf'l namz. Time starts from 20 minutes after sunrise and lasts up to nif-n-nahr. It is mstaab to offer Namaz-echasht in first part of the day. adee Shareef: Imm Tirmizee and Ib'n-e Mjah have recorded this adee ascribing to arat Anas that uoor-e Aqdas has narrated that: Allh will build golden palace in paradise for those who perform 12 rakats namz-e chsht.

7.4

altl auvbeen:
Six-rakats supererogatory (naf'l) namz to be performed after namz-e maghrib in three sets of two rakat each adee Shareef: Whatsoever the sins are, all (even if they are equal to foam of sea) will be forgiven who perform six-rakats namz of alt-l Avvbeen after namz-e maghrib. (abrnee)

217