TRAINING REPORT FATTY ACID SECTION EOB II

SECTION 161 PRETREATMENT AND BLEACHING

H3PO4

Bleaching Earth 161 F01/02 Bleached Oil Cake

CPKO/CNO

161 M03

Activated Carbon

CNO/CPKO containing impurities such as gum and free fatty acid is reduced in this section. The color of oil is bleached using bleaching earth through adsorption process. Phosphoric Acid is used as coagulant and Bleaching Earth as the adsorbent. The process conduct in vacuum condition. There are two main process in this section. They are : 1. Mixing CPKO/CNO with Phosphoric Acid to coagulate impurities. Sparging steam used to homogeneous the solution of oil. 2. Filtration using Niagara Filter, this process filtrate bleaching earth that have been used as adsorbent and coagulated impurities. Product of this process is pretreated oil. Filtration process is started by precoating the leaves of Niagara Filter to produce thin layer of bleaching earth that also work as filter bed. During precoating process the oil is circulated. After formation of bed complete indicated by color of oil that can be seen trough sight glass the oil can be collected as the product of this section.

Several engineering consideration: 1. Fluid transfer from 161 R01 to 161 M03 and from 161 M03 to 161 R04 using gravitation force. This method surely will more economical than using transfer equipment such pump. 2. Phosphoric acid and activated carbon are only used in case the poor quality of feed.

SECTION 162 SPLITTING AND HYDROLYSIS

Fatty Acid HPS 162 R02

Condensate from 163

Bleached Oil (CPKO/CNO) Sweet Water

Fatty acid is product in this section by react triglyceride and water produce fatty acid and glycerine. Tri-gliceride + 3 H2O 3 Fatty Acid + Glycerol The reactor (162 R02) is working at 250 0C and 50-55 Bar. High pressure steam is used to maintain the temperature of process and high pressure pump to maintain the pressure. The product of reaction is taken out as soon as possible to increase rate of reaction. Sweet water out in the bottom of reactor and fatty acid is on the top. Fatty acid from the top of 162 R02 still contain impurities mostly water so they are removed in 162 C01. After water remove, C6 acid containing in fatty acid is removed by distillation in 162 C31. The product from 162 C31 called Crude Fatty Acid is the final acid product of 162 section. Bottom product of 162 R02 then pretreated in 162A section.

Several engineering consideration : 1. Several economizers can be found in this section such us 162 E01 and 162 C01. Using economizer will effectively reduce cost of energy. 2. Control valve without by pass line can be found in line from 162 R02 to 162 C01. Control valve without by pass will be a problem to the section when it need to repair or maintenance. 3. The distance of top column and vacuum system is far enough because the top of column is on the 7th floor and the vacuum system on the 4th floor, this distance will effect to the load of vacuum system but it is easier to reach by operator. 4. In let line of 162 C31 from reboiler is bigger than circulation pump discharge line. Bigger inlet will let vapor effectively release in to the column.

SECTION 162A GLYCERINE WATER TREATMENT

Treated Glycerine Water HCl FeCl3 Filter Aid 162 F51/52

Sweet Water

162 D51

162 D54

Cake

NaOH

Sweet water from splitter is pretreated in this section by coagulation and filtration process. FeCl3 is used as coagulant. NaOH and HCl are used to maintain pH of sweet water. pH have to be maintained because coagulation can only form in suitable pH. After coagulation filter aid added and then filtrate using filter press.

SECTION 164 GLYCERINE REFINING Yellow Glycerine Yellow Glycerine 164 R41/42/ 43 Refined Glycerine 164 C12 164 C11 Glycerine Pitch Crude Glycerine containing impurities such as fatty acid and monoglyceride or diglyceride are distillate in this section. After distillation impurities will separate from glycerine as pitch. NaOH is added to react with fatty acid produce soap and water. Caustic will also react with glyceride produce soap and glycerine. After distillation glycerine the color of glycerine reduce using activated carbon as the adsorbent. From adsorption unit we will get refining glycerine as the final product.

Crude Glycerine

164 C01

164 C21

Several engineering considerations : 1. A line for loading activated carbon into bleacher using demin water as force medium can not working properly. This problem can be caused by the construction of elbow of the line. 2. Most of heat exchanger especially PHE in Fatty Acid Section still has a lot off space to increase the load off HE. For example PHE 164 E12. This space is useful when the capacity of the plant need to be increase.

3. As in the section 162, in let line from reboiler in this section is also bigger than circulation pump line. 4. Discharge valve of circulation pump of 164 C01 is unreachable, because the diameter of the line is more than 3 in and the valve is globe valve so it is very difficult to be operated.

SECTION 165 ON-LINE FRACTINATION

Precut Distillate (C8-C10)

Precut Light End

Light End

Distillate Product (C16-C18) C16<10%

Crude Fatty Acid

165 C01

165 C11

165 C21

165 C31

Residue Fatty Acid Middle Cut Product (C12-C14) or (C12-C16) Top Product (C16-C18) C16>70%

This section fractionate C8C18 fatty acid in to three fraction C8C10, C12C16, C16C18 and dispose gliceride and another impurities such C6 acid or C20 acid as residue. Fractionation process is based on boiling point of each component. Each fractionation column use structure paking as tray. Temperature and pressure of column are very significant factor in this section. Fraction C8C10 is middle product of 165 C01, C12C14 from middle of 165 C11, and C16C18 as middle product of 165 C31. Several engineering considerations : 1. Bigger diameter of inlet line from circulation also found in this section. 2. The distance from top column to vacuum system also far enough as in section 162. 3. Each of vacuum ejector in this section is traced by steam tracing. The tracing is twisted around vacuum ejector to avoid clog inside of ejector.

SECTION 166 OFF-LINE FRACTINATION

Light Cut Top

Light Cut Product

Crude Fatty Acid

166 C01

166 C11

Middle Cut Top

Middle Cut Bottom

Section 166 produce single cut of fatty acid such as C12, C14, C16, and C18. They are produced by fractionate such C12C14, C16C18, or even C8C10. As section 165 this section also work base on boiling point of the component so temperature and pressure have to be maintained. Several engineering considerations : 1. Several PHE in this section also have more space for increase load of HE such as 166 E31. This space is useful when the capacity of the plant need to be increase. 2. Each of vacuum ejector in this section is traced by steam tracing. The tracing is twisted around vacuum ejector to avoid clog inside of ejector.

SECTION 190 OIL THERMAL HEATER

HOS to Plant ( F. Alcohol and F.Acid) HOR from F. Acid

190 D1.1/1.2

190 D02

HOR from F. Alcohol

Hot Thermal Heater is one of utility system of the plant. This section provide hot oil as the heating medium of equipment such reboiler that can not be heated using steam because limitation of temperature or another reasons. Automotive Diesel Oil or NG is used as fuel for the burner in this section. Hot oil that have been heated circulated to equipment, and returned to burner to be heated again. This process is continuously done to produce 270-280 0C heating medium. Hot Oil is supplied to both Fatty Acid and Fatty Alcohol Section.