Chemical Unit Processes

Multiple Choice 1. Processes used for the treatment of wastewater in which change is brought about by means of or through chemical reaction a. Biological Unit Process b. Chemical Unit Process c. Physical Unit Process 2. Removal of phosphorus and enhancement of suspended solids removal in primary sedimentation facilities used for physical-chemical treatment. a. Sedimentation b. Floatation c. Chemical Precipitation 3. Chemical precipitation in wastewater treatment involves the addition of chemicals to alter the physical state of dissolved and suspended solids and to facilitate their removal by ____ a. Sedimentation b. Floatation c. Crystallization 4. Added to wastewater containing calcium and magnesium bicarbonate alkalinity a. Alum b. Copperas c. Lime 5. If less than this amount of alkalinity is available, it must be added a. Alum b. Copperas c. Lime 6. Cannot be used alone as a precipitant because lime must be added at the same time to form a precipitate. a. Alum b. Copperas c. Lime 7. the formation of ferric hydroxide is dependent on the presence of _______ a. Lime b. Oxygen c. Hyrdogen Gas 8. may take the place of ferrous sulfate, and its use often avoids the addition of lime and the requirement of dissolved oxygen. a. Alum b. Ferric Chloride c. Ferric Sulfate 9. Can be incorporated into either biological solids or chemical precipitates. a. Nitrogen b. Phosphorus c. Carbon 10-11. Chemicals that have been used for the removal of phosphorus a. Lime b. Metal Salts c. Alkyl Halides d. Halogens 12-13. byproducts of steelmaking operations a. Ferrous Sulfate b. Ferrous Chloride c. Alum d. Lime 14. used effectively in conjunction with iron salts and alum. a. Hydroxyl group b. Organic salt c. Polymer 15. Used less frequently because of the substantial increase in the mass of sludge as compared to metal salts and the operating and maintenance problems associated with the handling, storage, and feeding. a. lime b. Oxygen c. chlorine gas 16. Can produce some toxic mutagenic and/or carcinogenic compounds. a. Mercury Lamp b. Ultraviolet light c. Chlorine Dioxide 17. Addition of chemicals to the effluent from secondary sedimentation facilities a. Pre-precipitation b. Co-precipitation c. Post-precipitation 18. Addition of chemicals to raw wastewater for precipitation of phosphorus in primary sedimentation facilities a. Pre-precipitation b. Co-precipitation c. Post-precipitation

19. Addition of chemicals to form precipitates that are removed along with waste biological sludge a. Pre-precipitation b. Co-precipitation c. Post-precipitation 20. Water hating particles a. Hydrophobic b. Hydrophilic 21. Water loving particles a. Hydrophobic b. Hydrophilic 22. A process that occurs when a gas or liquid solute accumulates on the surface of a solid or a liquid a. Adsorption b. Precipitation c. Absorption 23. Adsorption in which the adsorbate adheres to the surface only through Van der Waals interactions. a. Physisorption b. Chemisorption c. Biosorption 24. Adsorption whereby a molecule adheres to a surface through the formation of a chemical bond. a. Physisorption b. Chemisorption c. Biosorption 25. Used usually in the form of spherical pellets, rods, moldings, or monoliths with hydrodynamic diameters between 0.5 and 10 mm. a. Adsorbent b. Oxygen-containing compounds c. Carbon-based compounds 26. Are typically hydrophilic and polar, including materials such as silica gel and zeolites. a. Oxygen-containing compounds b. Carbon-based compounds c. Polymer-based compounds 27. Are typically hydrophobic and non-polar, including materials such as activated carbon and graphite. a. Oxygen-containing compounds b. Carbon-based compounds c. Polymer-based compounds 28. Are polar or non-polar functional groups in a porous polymer matrix. a. Oxygen-containing compounds b. Carbon-based compounds c. Polymer-based compounds 29. A chemically inert, nontoxic, polar and dimensionally stable (< 400 C or 750 F) amorphous form of SiO2. a. Silica gel b. Silica c. Zeolites 30. used for drying of process air and adsorption of heavy hydrocarbons from natural gas. a. Silica gel b. Silica c. Zeolites Identification 1. Natural or synthetic crystalline aluminosilicates which have a repeating pore network and release water at high temperature. 2. The ion exchange process is followed by drying of the crystals, which can be pelletized with a binder to form ________________. 3. Synthesized from aluminum-free silica sources or by dealumination of aluminum-containing zeolites. 4. Treating the zeolite with steam at elevated temperatures, typically greater than 500 C (930 F). 5. A highly porous, amorphous solid consisting of microcrystallites with a graphite lattice, usually prepared in small pellets or a powder. 6-7. Two size classifications of Activated Carbon. 8. The capacity of regenerated carbon is _________________ than that of virgin carbon.

Chemical Unit Processes

9. Involves the diffusion of the organic material through the macropore system of the GAC granule. 10. Three steps in regeneration process. 11. Involves the movement of the organic material through the water to the liquid solid interface by advection and diffusion 12. Attachment of the organic material to the GAC. 13. The selective destruction of disease-causing organisms, all the organisms are not destroyed during the process. 14-15. Three categories of human enteric organisms. 16-17. Chemical agents that have been used as disinfectants 18-19. Physical disinfectants that can be used 20-23. The major types of radiation 24-27. Four mechanisms that have been proposed to explain the action of disinfectants. 28. The practice of removing the total combined chlorine residual that exists after chlorination to reduce the toxic effects of chlorinated effluents discharged. 29. One of the most commonly used methods for the destruction of pathogenic and other harmful organisms that may endanger human health. 30. Successively removes free chlorine, monochloramine, dichloramine, nitrogen trichloride, and poly-n-chlor compounds. 31. Chlorine dioxide is another____________, equal to or greater than chlorine in disinfecting power. 32. An unstable and explosive gas and for this reason, it must be generated on site. 33. The active disinfecting agent in a chlorine dioxide system is __________________. 34-37. chemical applications in wastewater collection 38-48. chemical applications in wastewater treatment 49-60. chemical applications in wastewater disposal

Chemical Unit Processes

KEY TO CORRECTION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. B. C. A. A. C. B. B. C. B. A. B. A. B. C. A. B. B. A. B. A B A A B A A B C A B

Identification 1. Zeolites 2. macroporous pellets 3. Non-polar (siliceous) zeolites 4. dealumination process 5. Activated Carbon 6. Powdered 7. Granulated 8. slightly less 9. Residual organic gasification by an oxidizing gas (steam or carbon dioxide) at elevated temperatures (800C) 10. High temperature desorption and decomposition (500 900C) under an inert atmosphere 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. Adsorbent drying at approximately 105 C Macrotransport Microtransport Sorption Disinfection Bacteria Viruses Amoebic cysts chlorine and its compounds bromine iodine ozone phenol and phenolic compounds alcohols heavy metals and related compound dyes soaps and synthetic detergents quaternary ammonium compounds

29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.

hydrogen peroxide various alkalies and acids heat light electromagnetic acoustic particle Damage to the cell wall Alteration of cell permeability Alteration of the colloidal nature of the protoplasm Inhibition of enzyme activity. Dechlorination Chlorination Sulfur dioxide gas Bacteriocide Chlorine dioxide free dissolved chlorine dioxide (ClO2) Slime-growth control Corrosion control (H2S) Corrosion control (H2S) Odor control Grease removal BOD reduction pH control Ferrous sulfate oxidation Filter-ponding control Filter-fly control Sludge-bulking control Digester supernatant oxidation Digester and Imhoff tank Ammonia oxidation Odor control