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Curling of Concrete Pavement

Quintin Watkins CEE 8813 Spring 2007

Outline
Cause Analysis Research Project Conclusion

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Curling Cause
Temperature - Curling Moisture - Warping Shrinkage Creep

Temperature Gradient- Curling

Ref. Ceylan, H et al. (2007)

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Construction Temperature Effects

Ref. Ceylan, H et al. (2007) 5

Temperature Profile of Slab

Temperature profile through the depth of PCC is nonlinear

Ref. Ceylan, H et al. (2007)

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Moisture Gradient - Warping

Ref. Ceylan, H et al. (2007) 7

Slab Moisture Content

Ref. Carrier, R.E et al. (1975) 8

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Shrinkage
Early Age
Chemical Autogeneous Plastic

Hardened Concrete Drying Shrinkage

Pavement Drying and Wetting Behavior

Ref. Mindess et al. (2003) 10

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Creep

Ref. Ceylan, H et al. (2007) 11

Shrinkage and Creep Effect

Contraction Drying Creep Basic Creep Drying Shrinkage Autogenous Shrinkage Elastic Strain

Final Setting

Beginning of drying (to) and loading (t)

time

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Analysis
Westergaard (1926)
Curling Prediction Theory using Dense Liquid Foundation

Bradbury (1938)
Refined Theory to Slabs of Finite Dimensions

Finite Element Analysis (1940s)

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FE - Finite Element Programs

Ref. Ceylan, H. et al. (2007) 14

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Finite Element Analysis Inputs

Subgrade Properties Material Properties Mesh Dimensions

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Subgrade Model

Ref.Khazanovich, L. 16

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Factors Affecting Material Properties

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Finite Element Output

Pavement Response
Joint Load Transfer Dynamic Load Environmental Load

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Research Studies on Airport PCC Pavement

Denver International Airport (1990s) FAAs National Airport Pavement Test Facility (early 2000) Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (2006-)

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Atlanta Pavement Project Objectives

Measure slab curling and possible slab/base separation in the field. Determine if slab curling is significant factor for thick slabs Determine different responses due to loaded and unloaded slabs Determine slab responses for different edge conditions

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Atlanta Pavement Project

Three PCC slabs were instrumented during the recently completed reconstruction of Runway 8R-26L and part of parallel Taxiway E at Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport. Site selected is at the eastern end of Taxiway E. Sensors were installed Oct. 16-18, 2006. Concrete was placed Oct. 18. Initial data acquired manually. A permanent data acquisition system was installed in March.

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Atlanta - Project Location

RWY 8L 26R

RWY 8R 26L TWY E

ACCESS ROAD

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Atlanta Slabs Location

0

100 ft. (30.5 m)

5' x 5' CONC. SLAB FOR FAA ENCLOSURE

SLAB 3 PRIMARY TAXI ROUTE

SLAB 2

SLAB 1

HAUL ROAD

TAXIWAY E
SECONDARY TAXI ROUTE

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Sensors Installed
Vertical Displacement Transducers (VDT)
Installed at center and edge of slabs

Concrete Strain Gages (SG)

Installed at multiple depths in center and edge of slabs
Depths of 1, 4, 10, and 19 inches

Temperature Sensors (T)

Installed in two slabs
Depths of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 6.0, 10.0, 14.0 and 19.0 inches

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Sensor Layout

Ref. Brill, D. R. et al. (2007) 25

Atlanta Sensor Installation

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Data Collection
Early-Age Responses
Collected manually every hour for the first 48 hours after PCC placement to capture early-age responses

Hardened Concrete Responses

Collected manually twice daily between Oct 31 and Nov 6 Collected manually twice daily between Dec 5 and 8 Continuous hour readings will start Mar 22

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Slab 2 - Free Edge Deflection Response with Temperature

Ref. Brill, D.R. et al. (2007)

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Slab 3 - Doweled Joint Deflection Response with Temperature

Ref. Brill, D.R. et al. (2007)

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Slab 1- Center Slab SG Readings with Temperature Oct 31 - Nov 5

Ref. Brill, D.R. et al. (2007)

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Slab 1- Center Slab SG Readings with Temperature Dec 5-8

Ref. Brill, D.R. et al. (2007)

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Conclusions and Recommendations

Conclusions The curling is dependent on the following: Drying Shrinkage Modulus of Elasticity Modulus of Subgrade Reaction Slab Thickness Joint Spacing Curing Recommendations Investigate rigid pavement response and curling and warping behavior associated with simultaneous traffic and loading through experimental research Investigate slab thickness and material properties on permanent curling and warping
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