Form 4

Chapter 5 Cell Division

Objective Questions

1 P, Q, R and S in Table 1 are events that occur in mitosis.

Event Explanation
P Nucleolus is lost
Q Nucleus membrane breaks up
R Chromosomes shorten and thicken
S Chromosomes arrange at the equatorial plane
Table 1
Which of the following occurs at the prophase stage?
A R only
B S only
C P and Q only
D P, Q and R only

2 What is the advantage of reproducing plants through cloning as compared with

reproduction through seedlings?
A New plant varieties can be produced
B More similar plants can be produced
C New plants have a better quality than the parent plants
D New plants have a high resistance towards diseases

3 Which of the following show the cell condition during the process of mitosis?

A C

B D

4 Which of the following plant structures contain haploid nucleus?

1
 A Epidermis cell
B Pollen grains
C Root end cell
D Xylem

5 Which of the following does not carry out mitosis?

A Gamete
B Skin
C Meristem
D Cambium

6 If a certain living cell has 30 chromosomes, which of the following is true about the
number of cell chromosomes in its life cycle?
Reproductive cell Zygote cell Embryo cell
A 15 15 15
B 15 30 30
C 30 30 15
D 30 30 30

7 Which of the following statements about the chromosome most accurately explains
the production of similar daughter cells in mitosis?
A The chromatid pairs stick at the centromere
B The chromosomes shorten and thicken at the prophase stage
C A chromatid from each chromosome moves to the opposite poles
D The chromosomes are arranged at the equatorial plane on a cell that is dividing

8 Figure 1 shows an animal cell in a mitosis phase.

Figure 1
What is the number of chromosomes that can be found in the animal’s diploid cell?
A 2
B 4
C8
D 16

9 Figure 2 shows the stages of mitosis.

2
 I II III

IV V
Figure 2
Choose the correct sequence for this process.
A I  II  III  IV  V
B II  III  I  V  IV
C III  II  I  V  IV
D III  IV  V  II  I

10 Which of the following is not the difference between meiosis I and meiosis II?

Meiosis I Meiosis II
A Spindles are formed Spindles are not formed
B Chromosomes undergo replication Chromosomes do not undergo
replication
C Chromosomes are arranged in two Chromosomes are arranged in one
lines during metaphase line during metaphase
D Chromosome pairs separate Sister chromatids separate

11 Which of the following statements is true about meiosis?

I Meiosis occurs during the formation of gametes
II The genetic constitution of the daughter cells is the same
III The number of chromosomes is reduced by half
IV Two daughter cells are formed at the end of the process
A I, II and III only
B I and III only
C II and IV only
D IV only
12 Figure 3 shows the behaviour of the chromosome during a phase in meiosis.

3
 Figure 3
Which of the following represents the daughter cell that is a product of an abnormal
meiosis?
A C

B D

13 Figure 4 shows an animal cell that experiences meiosis at the stage of anaphase II.

Figure 4
What is number of chromosomes that are found in the animal’s diploid cell?
A 3
B 6
C 12
D 24

14 Figure 5(i) shows the genetic content of a parent cell. Figure 5(ii) shows the genetic
content of a few daughter cells that may be produced when the parent cell divides.

4
 Figure 5

Which of the following statements is true?

A Cell T is a gamete
B Cell U experiences crossing over
C Cell V is the product of mitotic division
D Cell W has a diploid number of chromosomes

15 Which of the following statements about the process of mitosis is true?

I The chromosome duplicates itself twice
II There is an exchange of chromatin substances between the chromosomes
III Occurs in the body or non-gamete cells
IV The number of chromosomes that are produced in each daughter cell is twice the
number of chromosomes in the parent cell
A I, II and III only
B I and III only
C II and IV only
D IV only

Structured Question

5
Figure 1 represents a nucleus that is undergoing cell division at a certain stage of mitosis.

Figure 1

(a) On Figure 1, label the parts that are marked X, Y and Z.

(b) What is the number of cell chromosomes in the organ from which the nucleus originates?
(c) Describe what is happening at the stage of mitosis that is shown in Figure 1.

Essay Question

(a) With the help of a diagram, explain the stages of the division process that occurs in the
apex meristem.
(b) (i) What is meant by asexual reproduction?
(ii) What is the importance of mitosis to living organisms?

6
 Answers

Objective Questions
1 D 9 C
2 B 10 A
3 C 11 B
4 B 12 B
5 A 13 B
6 B 14 A
7 C 15 B
8 B

Structured Question
(a) X: spindle fibre
Y: chromosome
Z: centromere

(b) 4

(c) At the anaphase stage, the centromere divided and the chromatid separates, and the
chromosome is pulled by the spindle fibre at the centromere.

Essay Question
(a) 1 Mitotic cell division process

2 Before mitosis begins, the cell is in the interphase stage/state of rest. The active
cell nucleus/chromosome experiences replication/doubling of DNA/nucleus
membrane is seen clearly/chromosome is like a granule/chromatin/long and fine
coil/there is an increase in the number of mitochondria/chloroplast/organelle

3 FIGURE (a)

• Shows the following cell characteristics: clear nucleus membrane, chromosome

looks like a granule/chromatin/long and fine coil/chromatin network, has
nucleus

4 At the prophase stage, the chromosome thickens/shortens and looks like two
identical coils/alike/sister chromatids/alike/double helix joined at the centromere

5 The nucleus membrane slowly disappears/spindle fibre is formed at the end of the
prophase

7
6 FIGURE (b) (early/end prophase)

• Shows the following cell characteristics: chromosome thickens and shortens,

chromatid joins at the centromere, no nucleus

7 At the metaphase stage, the chromosomes/chromatids are arranged at the

equatorial plane and is held by the spindle fibre at the centromere

8 FIGURE (c)

• Shows the following cell characteristics: the chromosomes/chromatids are

arranged at the centre/fibre equatorial plane, fibres are formed

9 At the anaphase, each chromatid pair starts to separate at the centromere and is
pulled towards opposing cell poles as a result of the contraction of the spindle fibre

10 FIGURE (d)

• Shows the following cell characteristics: the chromatid pair separates at the
centromere, the chromatid is pulled towards the opposing poles, the centromere
is orientated towards the pole

11 The spindle starts to disappear and the nucleus membrane is reformed/two

daughter cell nuclei are formed

12 At the telophase, cytoplasm division/cytokinesis produces two diploid daughter

cells/that has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

13 FIGURE (e)

8
 • Shows the following cell characteristics: cell plate is formed at the middle,
nucleus membrane exists, chromosome lengthens/coils/form coils

(b) (i) The process of producing a new individual from a parent without involving
fertilisation between gametes.
(ii) • Cell division through mitosis on the multi-cell organism can increase the
number of cell for growth, and to replace damaged or dead cells.
• Unicellular organisms (Amoeba sp. and Paramecium sp.), reproduces by
splitting into two through mitosis.
• Division through mitosis maintains the number of diploid chromosomes in the
daughter cell, and as such, the new organism that is formed will have the same
characteristics as the parent.
• Mitosis is used in agriculture to produce flowering plants and fruit plants in a
larger quantity and at a higher quality.