1.

Odium - The state or quality of being

odious. Strong dislike, contempt, or
aversion. A state of disgrace resulting
from hateful or detestable
2. Glut - To fill beyond capacity, especially
with food; satiate
3. Nervy - Arrogantly impudent; brazen.
Showing or requiring courage and
fortitude; bold.
4. Pallid - Having an abnormally pale or
wan complexion; lacking intensity of color
or luminousness
5. Diaphanous - So light and insubstantial
as to resemble air or a thin film; fine, see-
through
6. Dishevelled - Being in loose disarray;
unkempt, as hair or clothing; marked by
disorder; untidy; wrinkled, unkempt in
appearance
7. Disconsolate - Seeming beyond
consolation; extremely dejected;
cheerless; gloomy; depressed, unhappy
8. Batten - Grow fat,thrive upon others
9. Conch - Large seashell
10. Ingenue - An artless girl;an actress
who plays such parts
11. Orison - Prayer
12. Rambunctious - Boisterous and
disorderly
13. Hellion - A mischievous, troublesome,
or unruly person
14. Carpophagous - Feeding on fruit;
fruit-eating
15. Rancor - Bitter, long-lasting
resentment; deep-seated ill will
16. Derivative - Resulting from or
employing derivation; copied or adapted
from others
17. Spurn - To be unwilling to accept,
consider, or receive; to kick at or tread on
disdainfully
18. Quatrain - A stanza or poem of four
lines
19. Fustian - A coarse sturdy cloth made
of cotton and flax; pretentious speech or
writing; pompous language; pompous,
bombastic, and ranting
20. Bombastic - Pompous, grandiloquent;
boastful in speech or writing
21. Bootless - Without advantage or
benefit; useless; unproductive of success
22. Futile - Having no useful result;
trifling and frivolous; idle
23. Debase - To lower in character,
quality, or value; degrade; adulterate
24. Compunction - A strong uneasiness
caused by a sense of guilt; a feeling of
regret for one's sins or misdeeds; a
feeling of uncertainty about the fitness or
correctness of an action; regret, sorrow
25. Yokel - An uneducated country
person; clumsy, unsophisticated person; a
rustic; a bumpkin
26. Bumptious - Crudely or loudly
assertive; pushy; self-important,
conceited; offensively self-assertive
27. Chimera - A fantastic, impracticable
plan or desire; dream, fantasy
28. Circumspect - Heedful of
circumstances and potential
consequences; prudent; trying attentively
to avoid danger, risk, or error; cautious,
discreet
29. Turpitude - Depravity; baseness; a
base act
30. Infinitude - The state or quality of
being infinite; an immeasurably large
quantity, number, or extent
31. Cistern - A receptacle for holding
water or other liquid, especially a tank for
catching and storing rainwater
32. Dulcet - Pleasing to the ear;
melodious; having a soothing, agreeable
quality; archaic; sweet to the taste
33. Phlegmatic - Without emotion or
interest; having or suggesting a calm,
sluggish temperament; unemotional
34. Heresy - A controversial or
unorthodox opinion or doctrine, as in
politics, philosophy, or science;
adherence to such controversial or
unorthodox opinion; unorthodoxy
35. Anarchic - Lacking order or control;
without law or control
36. Current - A steady, smooth onward
movement; a general tendency,
movement, or course; the amount of
electric charge flowing past a specified
circuit point per unit time; running;
flowing
37. Gall - The quality or state of feeling
bitter; the state or quality of being
impudent or arrogantly self-confident; to
make (the skin) raw by or as if by friction;
to trouble the nerves or peace of mind of,
especially by repeated vexations
38. Hirsute - Having a hairy covering
39. Malady - Any physical disease or
disorder; a disease, a disorder, or an
ailment; an unwholesome condition
40. Fickleness - The quality of being
fickle; instability; inconsonancy
41. Resonant - Echoing; full in sound;
vibrant in sound; having or producing a
full, deep, or rich sound
42. Glacier - A huge mass of ice slowly
flowing over a land mass, formed from
compacted snow in an area where snow
accumulation exceeds melting and
sublimation
43. Saga - A long detailed report; epic
tale, long story
44. Afferent - Carrying inward to a central
organ or section, as nerves that conduct
impulses from the periphery of the body
to the brain or spinal cord; transmitting
impulses from sense organs to nerve
centers
45. Castigate - To inflict severe
punishment on; to criticize severely
46. Lull - To make or become calm; pause,
calm; ease off; to cause to sleep or rest
47. Malevolent - Having or exhibiting ill
will; wishing harm to others; malicious
48. Imminent - About to occur;
impending; at hand, on the way
49. Abate - To lessen; to subside; in
metalwork, to cut away or beat down so
as to show a pattern or figure in low
relief
50. Stultify - To allege or prove insane
and so not legally responsible; cause to
appear foolish; deprive of strength or
efficiency; make useless or worthless;
cripple
51. Demur - To express opposition, often
by argument; disagree; to delay
52. Munificent - Very liberal in giving;
generous; showing great generosity
53. Tractable - Easily managed or
controlled; governable; willing to carry
out the wishes of others; manageable
54. Obsequious - Full of or exhibiting
servile compliance; fawning; excessively
eager to serve or obey; submissive
55. Slothful - Disinclined to work or
exertion; lazy
56. Assiduity - Persistent application or
diligence; unflagging effort; great and
constant diligence and attention
57. Impel - To urge to action through
moral pressure; drive; to drive forward;
propel; prompt, incite
58. Prescience - Knowledge of actions or
events before they occur; foresight;
unusual or creative discernment or
perception
59. Unswerving - Constant; steady
60. Vacillate - To sway from one side to
the other; oscillate
61. Cajole - To urge with gentle and
repeated appeals, teasing, or flattery;
wheedle; attempt to coax; flatter
62. Obdurate - Stubborn and unfeeling
63. Allay - To reduce the intensity of;
relieve; to calm or pacify; set to rest
64. Pelf - Wealth or riches, especially
when dishonestly acquired
65. Effuse - To cause (a liquid) to flow in a
steady stream; give out or emit; to
spread or flow out
66. Supercillious - Overly convinced of
one's own superiority and importance;
arrogant, stuck-up
67. Legerdemain - The use of skillful
tricks and deceptions to produce
entertainingly baffling effects; manual
dexterity in the execution of tricks
68. Instate - To establish in office; install;
to admit formally into membership or
office, as with ritual
69. Blanket - To extend over the surface
of; cover; a layer that covers or encloses
70. Denude - To divest of covering; make
bare; to expose (rock strata) by erosion
71. Shrivel - To become or make much
less or smaller; dwindle; to become or
make shrunken and wrinkled, often by
drying; to lose or cause to lose vitality or
intensity; dehydrate, dry up
72. Grovel - To behave in a servile or
demeaning manner; cringe; abase,
demean oneself
73. Referee - One to whom something is
referred, especially for settlement,
decision, or an opinion as to the thing's
quality
74. Caginess - Having or showing a clever
awareness and resourcefulness in
practical matters; secretive; wary;
careful; shrewd
75. Excise - An internal tax imposed on
the production, sale, or consumption of a
commodity or the use of a service within
a country; a licensing charge or a fee
levied for certain privileges; remove,
delete
76. Conciliatory - Tending to conciliate;
pacific; mollifying; propitiating; placid,
yielding
77. Prolixity - Words or the use of words
in excess of those needed for clarity or
precision; using or containing an
excessive number of words; long-winded;
wordy
78. Semitic - Of, relating to, or
constituting a subgroup of the Afro-
Asiatic language group that includes
Arabic, Hebrew, Amharic, and Aramaic; of
or relating to the Semites or their
languages or cultures
79. Cadge - To beg or get by begging
80. Futon - A thin mattress of tufted
cotton batting or similar material, placed
on a floor or on a raised, foldable frame;
mattress consisting of a pad of cotton
batting that is used for sleeping on the
floor or on a raised frame
81. Toady - A person who flatters or
defers to others for self-serving reasons;
a sycophant; tray to gain favor by
cringing or flattering
82. Rapprochement - A reestablishing of
cordial relations, as between two
countries; the state of reconciliation or of
cordial relations; restoration of harmony
83. Obliterate - To destroy all traces of; to
wipe out, rub off, or erase
84. Timorous - Full of apprehensiveness;
timid; easily frightened
85. Ecumenical - Of worldwide scope or
applicability; universal; non-
denominational; of or relating to the
worldwide Christian church; concerned
with establishing or promoting unity
among churches or religions
86. Bibulous - Given to or marked by the
consumption of alcoholic drink; very
absorbent, as paper or soil; inclined to
drink; of or relating to drink or drinking
87. Fustian - Pretentious, pompous
speech or writing; a coarse sturdy cloth
made of cotton and flax; pompous or
pretentious talking or writing
88. Impugn - To attack as false or
questionable; challenge in argument;
criticize, challenge
89. Pristine - Remaining in a pure state;
uncorrupted by civilization. Remaining
free from dirt or decay; clean
90. Vociferous - Offensively loud and
insistent
91. Convoy - The act of accompanying or
escorting, especially for protective
purposes; an accompanying and
protecting force, as of ships or troops; a
group, as of ships or motor vehicles,
traveling together with a protective
escort or for safety or convenience; to
accompany, especially for protection;
escort
92. Belie - To give a false representation
to; misrepresent; to show to be false;
contradict; deceive
93. Nullify - To make null; invalidate; to
counteract the force or effectiveness of;
cancel, revoke
94. Dissembler - One who dissembles;
one who conceals his opinions or
dispositions under a false appearance; a
hypocrite
95. Forthright - Direct and without
evasion; straightforward; directly and
frankly; manifesting honesty and
directness, especially speech
96. Abhorrence - One that is disgusting,
loathsome, or repellent; an object of
extreme dislike; the act of detesting
extremely; hate coupled with disgust
97. Allegory - The representation of
abstract ideas or principles by characters,
figures, or events in narrative, dramatic,
or pictorial form; a story, picture, or play
employing such representation; a
symbolic representation
98. Gossamer - So light and insubstantial
as to resemble air or a thin film; gauzy,
thin; soft light delicate material
99. Flag - To lose strength or power;
droop
100. Thunderous - Producing thunder or a
similar sound; loud and unrestrained in a
way that suggests thunder; extremely
ominous
101. Tempestuous - Violently disturbed or
agitated, as by storms; tumultuous;
stormy; wild
102. Haughty - Scornfully and
condescendingly proud; arrogant
103. Chastise - To punish, as by beating;
to criticize severely; rebuke; scold,
discipline; to purify
104. Abhorrence - One that is disgusting,
loathsome, or repellent; a feeling of
repugnance or loathing; hate coupled
with disgust; the act of detesting
extremely
105. Irascible - Prone to outbursts of
temper; easily angered. Characterized by
or resulting from anger
106. Appendix - A collection of
supplementary material, usually at the
end of a book
107. Sumptuous - Of a size or splendor
suggesting great expense; lavish;
luxurious, splendid; rich and superior in
quality
108. Fallow - Land left unseeded during a
growing season; inactive; plowed but left
unseeded during a growing season:
fallow farmland
109. Plummet - To decline suddenly and
steeply; to fall straight down; plunge; fall
hard and fast
110. Benign - Of a kind and gentle
disposition; having little or no
detrimental effect; harmless
111. Immure - To confine within or as if
within walls; imprison; lock up or confine,
in or as in a jail
112. Voluble - Marked by a ready flow of
speech; fluent; turning easily on an axis;
rotating; talkative
113. Berate - To rebuke or scold angrily
and at length; to reprimand loudly or
harshly; criticize hatefully
114. Stolid - Having or revealing little
emotion or sensibility; impassive;
apathetic, stupid; without emotion or
interest
115. Delineate - To draw or trace the
outline of; sketch out. To represent
pictorially; depict
116. Fracas - A noisy, disorderly fight or
quarrel; a brawl; disturbance, fight
117. Gall - To become irritated, chafed, or
sore; nerve, brashness; upset, irritate
118. Lampoon - A work, as a novel or
play, that exposes folly by the use of
humor or irony; ridicule, make fun of
119. Dwell - To live as a resident; reside;
to fasten one's attention; to speak or
write at length; expatiate; live in
120. Vicissitudinous - Full of, or subject
to, changes
121. Martinet - A rigid military
disciplinarian; one who demands absolute
adherence to forms and rules; one who
demands strict obedience
122. Lenient - Inclined not to be harsh or
strict; merciful, generous, or indulgent;
not strict or severe; not harsh or strict in
dealing with others
123. Anecdote - A short account of an
interesting or humorous incident; an
entertaining and often oral account of a
real or fictitious occurrence; a short,
interesting, and amusing story
124. Voluptuous - Giving, characterized
by, or suggesting ample, unrestrained
pleasure to the senses; well-developed,
erotic; having fullness of beautiful form
125. Gregarious - Seeking and enjoying
the company of others; sociable
126. Serrated - Notched like the edge of a
saw; saw-toothed; serrate
127. Ambivalence - The coexistence of
opposing attitudes or feelings, such as
love and hate, toward a person, object, or
idea; uncertainty or indecisiveness as to
which course to follow; the state of
having conflicting feelings
128. Overture - An introductory section or
part, as of a poem; a prelude; to present
as an introduction or proposal;
introduction, approach
129. Sanctimonious - Feigning piety or
righteousness; of or practicing hypocrisy;
self-righteous, hypocritical about one's
own holiness
130. Inanity - Something empty of
meaning or sense; total lack of ideas,
meaning, or substance
131. Vulgarian - A vulgar person,
especially one who makes a conspicuous
display of wealth; an unrefined, rude
person; a vulgar person (especially
someone who makes a vulgar display of
wealth)
132. Miscreant - An evildoer; a villain; an
infidel; a heretic; evil, immoral; a villain
133. Wretched - So objectionable as to
elicit despisal or deserve condemnation;
terrible, very bad; of very inferior quality;
miserable
134. Epic - An extended narrative poem in
elevated or dignified language,
celebrating the feats of a legendary or
traditional hero; a literary or dramatic
composition that resembles an extended
narrative poem celebrating heroic feats
135. Mendacious - Lying; untruthful;
false; untrue; dishonest; given to or
marked by deliberate concealment or
misrepresentation of the truth
136. Narrative - A narrated account; a
story; the art, technique, or process of
narrating; a recounting of past events
137. Appease - To bring peace, quiet, or
calm to; soothe; satisfy, pacify
138. Defiant - Marked by defiance;
disobedient, disregardful
139. Raucous - Rough-sounding and
harsh; boisterous and disorderly; rowdy;
noisy; harsh and unpleasant
140. Meager - Deficient in quantity,
fullness, or extent; scanty. Deficient in
richness, fertility, or vigor; feeble
141. Flirtatious - Full of playful allure;
provocative, teasing; given to flirting
142. Bumptious - Crudely or loudly
assertive; pushy; self-assertive
offensively self-assertive
143. Assertive - Inclined to bold or
confident assertion; aggressively self-
assured
144. Trite - Lacking power to evoke
interest through overuse or repetition;
hackneyed
145. Panegyric - A formal eulogistic
composition intended as a public
compliment. Elaborate praise or
laudation; an encomium
146. Impecunious - Lacking money;
penniless
147. Armageddon - The scene of a final
battle between the forces of good and
evil, prophesied to occur at the end of the
world; a decisive or catastrophic conflict
148. Intrigue - A secret or underhand
scheme; a plot; arouse curiosity
149. Gullible - Easily deceived or duped;
easily imposed on or tricked; naive,
trusting
150. Daguerreotype - An early
photographic process with the image
made on a light-sensitive silver-coated
metallic plate
151. Musket - A smoothbore shoulder gun
used from the late 16th through the 18th
century
152. Hieroglyphic - Of or relating to
representation by drawings or pictures
153. Papyrus - The writing paper of the
ancient Egyptians, and later of the
Romans
154. Pastiche - A mixture of materials,
forms, motifs, and/or styles; often
incongruous; dramatic, literary, or
musical piece openly imitating the
previous works of other artists, often
with satirical intent; an artistic effort that
imitates or caricatures the work of
another artist
155. Bust - A sculpture representing a
person's head, shoulders, and upper
chest
156. Sacrilege - Desecration, profanation,
misuse, or theft of something sacred;
irreverence
157. Conscientious - Guided by or in
accordance with the dictates of
conscience; principled; thorough and
assiduous; moral, upright; thorough,
careful
158. Daft - Mad; crazy; foolish; stupid;
scots; frolicsome
159. Reagent - A substance used in a
chemical reaction to detect, measure,
examine, or produce other substances
160. Temerity - Foolhardy disregard of
danger; recklessness; nerve, audacity;
rash or presumptuous daring
161. Menial - Work pertaining to
servants; work that is demeaning or
insulting to the person performing it;
lowly, low-status
162. Miscreant - A wicked or evil person;
a scoundrel; something said to be the
cause of particular trouble or an evil; a
mean, worthless character in a story or
play
163. Stultify - To render useless or
ineffectual; cripple; to cause to appear
stupid, inconsistent, or ridiculous; to
allege or prove insane and so not legally
responsible
164. Lambast - Censure severely or
angrily; beat with a cane
165. Pique - A state of vexation caused by
a perceived slight or indignity; a feeling
of wounded pride
166. Vociferous - Making, given to, or
marked by noisy and vehement outcry;
loud, insistent
167. Pariah - An outcast; a member of a
low caste or class
168. Raft - A flat structure, typically made
of planks, logs, or barrels, that floats on
water and is used for transport or as a
platform for swimmers; a flat buoyant
structure of timber or other materials
fastened together, used as a boat or
floating platform
169. Buoyant - Having the ability to float;
light in weight; lighthearted; gay
170. Unrealizable - Impossible to achieve
171. Renegade - common vagabond; a
worthless or wicked fellow; one who
deserts from a military or naval post; a
deserter; one faithless to principle or
party; an apostate from Christianity or
from any form of religious faith
172. Ferocious - Extremely savage; fierce;
marked by unrelenting intensity; extreme
173. Prolixity - Words or the use of words
in excess of those needed for clarity or
precision; boring verboseness
174. Mortify - To deprive of esteem, self-
worth, or effectiveness; to cause (a
person) to be self-consciously distressed;
embarrass
175. Pusillanimous - Lacking courage;
cowardly; lacking courage and resolution;
marked by contemptible timidity; without
spirit or bravery
176. Percipient - Having the power of
perceiving, especially perceiving keenly
and readily; astute; characterized by ease
and quickness in perceiving
177. Anachronistic - Something that is
out of place and time; erroneous in date
178. Fervor - Great warmth and intensity
of emotion; intense heat; excitement,
enthusiasm
179. Disinfectant - An agent, such as
heat, radiation, or a chemical, that
destroys, neutralizes, or inhibits the
growth of disease-carrying
microorganisms 180. Terseness - Brief
and to the point; effectively concise;
brief, short
181. Hoarse - Rough or grating in sound;
having or characterized by a husky,
grating voice; raspy in voice
182. Effusive - Unrestrained or excessive
in emotional expression; gushy; profuse;
overflowing
183. Obliterate - To destroy all traces of;
to wipe out, rub off, or erase; to remove
completely (a body organ or part), as by
surgery, disease, or radiation
184. Index - An alphabetized list of
names, places, and subjects treated in a
printed work, giving the page or pages on
which each item is mentioned; something
that serves to guide, point out, or
otherwise facilitate reference
185. Laconic - Using or marked by the use
of few words; terse or concise; short, to
the point
186. Nimble - Quick, light, or agile in
movement or action; deft; dexterous,
smart
187. Clumsyness - Lacking dexterity and
grace in physical movement; not agile;
awkward; clumsily lacking in the ability to
do or perform
188. Partisan - A fervent, sometimes
militant supporter or proponent of a
party, cause, faction, person, or idea; one
who supports and adheres to another;
exhibiting bias; interested, factional
189. Recuperation - A return to normal
health; gradual healing (through rest)
after sickness or injury; recovery
190. Doldrums - A period of stagnation or
slump; period of depression or unhappy
listlessness; region of the ocean near the
equator, characterized by calms, light
winds, or squalls; feeling or spell of
dismally low spirits; depression
191. Cow - To frighten with threats or a
show of force; browbeat, intimidate;
any of various chiefly domesticated
mammals of the genus Bos, including
cows, steers, bulls, and oxen, often
raised for meat and dairy products
192. Lop - To decrease, as in length or
amount, by or as if by severing or
excising; to hang limply, loosely, and
carelessly; cut off from a whole
193. Fluvial - Of, relating to, or inhabiting
a river or stream. Produced by the action
of a river or stream
194. Jejune - Not interesting; dull; lacking
maturity; childish; lacking in nutrition
195. Indespensible - Not to be dispensed
with; essential; obligatory; unavoidable;
necessary
196. Hubris - Overbearing pride or
presumption; arrogance
197. Vigilance - Alert watchfulness;
carefulness
198. Enfeeble - To deprive of strength;
make feeble; make very weak
199. Ethereal - Characterized by lightness
and insubstantiality; intangible; highly
refined; delicate; of the celestial spheres;
heavenly; spiritual; so light and
insubstantial as to resemble air or a thin
film
200. Laggard - One that lags; a straggler;
hanging back or falling behind; dilatory;
falling behind
201. Tarpaulin - Material, such as
waterproofed canvas, used to cover and
protect things from moisture; a
waterproof cloth, esp. one used in large
sheets for covering anything exposed to
the weather
202. Mottled - Spotted or blotched with
different shades or colors; speckled
203. Vault - A room or compartment,
often built of steel, for the safekeeping of
valuables; a burial place or receptacle for
human remains; to move off the ground
by a muscular effort of the legs and feet;
act of jumping
204. Allay - To reduce the intensity of;
relieve; to calm or pacify; set to rest
205. Stature - The natural height of a
human or animal in an upright position;
achieved level; status; importance
206. Infinitude - The state or quality of
being infinite; an immeasurably large
quantity, number, or extent; an infinite
quantity
207. Hellion - A mischievous,
troublesome, or unruly person
208. Lunge - A sudden thrust or pass, as
with a sword; a sudden forward
movement or plunge; pounce; dive for
209. Garish - Marked by strident color or
excessive ornamentation; gaudy. loud
and flashy
210. Piquant - Pleasantly pungent or tart
in taste; spicy. appealingly provocative: a
piquant wit. charming, interesting, or
attractive
211. Ramshackle - So poorly constructed
or kept up that disintegration is likely;
rickety
212. Crotchety - Capriciously stubborn or
eccentric; perverse; having a difficult and
contrary disposition; irritable, often due
to old age
213. Firefly - Any of various nocturnal
beetles of the family Lampyridae,
characteristically having luminescent
chemicals in the posterior tip of the
abdomen that produce a flashing light
214. Brute - Lacking or showing a lack of
reason or intelligence; a brutal, crude, or
insensitive person
215. Urbanity - Refined, effortless beauty
of manner, form, and style; refinement
and elegance of manner; polished
courtesy; polished courtesy; elegance of
manner
216. Treacle - Cloying speech or
sentiment; a medicinal compound
formerly used as an antidote for poison
217. Nervy - Arrogantly impudent;
showing or requiring courage and
fortitude; bold; rude and disrespectful;
bold, pushy
218. Polar -
219. Dissonance - A harsh, disagreeable
combination of sounds; state of
disagreement and disharmony;
consistency, or harmony; conflict
220. Coalesce - To grow together; fuse; to
come together so as to form one whole;
unite; blend, come together; to unite into
a whole
221. Chrome - A hard silver metal that
does not easily rust; something plated
with a chromium alloy
222. Tarpaulin - Material, such as
waterproofed canvas, used to cover and
protect things from moisture
223. Second-rate - Of inferior or mediocre
quality or value
224. Indolent - Disinclined to exert
oneself; habitually lazy; causing little or
no pain; slow to heal, grow, or develop;
inactive
225. Vivify - To give or bring life to;
animate; to make more lively, intense, or
striking; to make alive

ANALOGIES

1. quatrain:stanza
2. bootless:futile
3. fustian:bombastic
4. infinitude:measure
5. cistern:liquid
6. lock:secure
7. vivid:intensity
8. debase:status
9. glacier:ice
10. resonant:sound
11. judge:laws
12. unswering:vacillate
13. cajoling:reluctance
14. slothful:assiduity
15. fence: livestock
16. reliable:fail
17. frill:superfluity
18. obsequious:toady
19. allay:relieve
20. exhaust:energy
21. dissembler:forthright
22. mirror:reflectivity
23. bolster:support
24. book:appendix
25. still:movement
26. stolid:impassive
27. martinet:lenient
28. school:learn
29. overture:introduction
30. futon:bed
31. miscreant:wretched
32. epic:poem
33. saga:anecdote
34. raucous:harsh
35. orchestra:musician
36. bumptious:assertive
37. daguerreotype:photograph:: Ans - E -
X is an obsolete type of Y
(A) bust:statue::
(B) pastiche:painting
(C) narrative:novel
(D) hieroglyphic:papyrus
(E) musket:firearm
38. mirror:reflective
39. miscreant:criminal
40. anachronistic:time
41. fervor:zealot
42. tersness:superfluous
43. disinfectent:germ
44. percipent:discernment
45. envelope:enclose
46. obliterate:unnecessary
47. nimble:clumsyness
48. fluial:river
49. soothe:calm
50. enfeeble:strength
51. lock:secure
52. sedulous:diligent
53. allay:relief
54. vault:valaubles
55. stature:tall
56. toady: flatter
57. pique:assuage
58. piquant:insipid
59. dormant:vigor
60. reticent:garrulous
61. bumptious:assertive
62. saga:narrative
63. lucid:understand
64. abate:status
65. firefly:insect
66. brute:urbanity
67. car:chrome
68. indolent:vivify
69. querulous:complain

ISSUE TOPIC

1. Laws should not be rigid or fixed.

Instead, they should be flexible enough
to take account of various circumstances,
times, and places.
2. Success, whether academic or
professional, involves an ability to
survive in a new environment and,
eventually, to change it.
3. The purpose of many advertisements is
to make consumers want to buy a product
so thatthey will 'be like' the person in the
ad. This practice is effective because it
not only sellsproducts but also helps
people feel better about themselves.
4. Money spent on research is almost
always a good investment, even when the
results of that research are controversial
5.The most effective way to communicate
an idea or value to large groups of people
is through the use of images, not
language.
6. The primary goal of technological
advancement should be to increase
people's efficiency so that everyone has
more leisure time
7. The study of an academic discipline
alters the way we perceive the world.
After studying the discipline, we see the
same world as before, but with different
eyes
8. The most essential quality of an
effective leader is the ability to remain
consistently committed to particular
principles and objectives. Any leader who
is quickly and easily influenced by shifts
in popular opinion will accomplish little
9. The surest indicator of a great nation
is not the achievements of its rulers,
artists, or scientists, but the general
welfare of all its people
10. With the growth of global networks in
such areas as economics and
communication, there is no doubt that
every aspect of society—including
education, politics, the arts, and the
sciences—will benefit greatly from
international influences
11. Scholars and researchers should not
be concerned with whether their work
makes acontribution to the larger society.
It is more important that they pursue
their individual interests,however
unusual or idiosyncratic those interests
may seem
12. The arts (painting, music, literature,
etc.) reveal the otherwise hidden ideas
and impulses of a society
13. In many countries it is now possible
to turn on the television and view
government at work.Watching these
proceedings can help people understand
the issues that affect their lives. Themore
kinds of government proceedings---trials,
debates, meetings, etc.---that are
televised,the more society will benefit
14. One can best understand the most
important characteristics of a society by
studying its major cities
15. The best way to understand the
character of a society is to examine the
character of the men and women that the
society chooses as its heroes or its
heroines
16. It is a grave mistake to theorize
before one has data
17. While some leaders in government,
sports, industry, and other areas
attribute their success toa well-
developed sense of competition, a society
can better prepare its young people
forleadership by instilling in them a sense
of cooperation
18. The video camera provides such an
accurate and convincing record of
contemporary life that it has become a
more important form of documentation
than written records
19. The greatness of individuals can be
decided only by those who live after
them, not by their contemporaries
20. Government should place-few,if any
restrictions on science research and
development

ARGUMENT TOPIC

1. The following report appeared in a

memo from the vice president of the
Southside Transportation Authority.
"We should abandon our current five-year
plan to purchase additional buses to
serve the campus of Southside University,
because students there are unlikely to
use them. Consider the results of the
recent campaign sponsored by the
Environmental Club at Southside
University: in a program on the campus
radio station, the club asked students to
call in and pledge that they would
commute to school by bus instead of by
automobile at least one day per week.
Only ten percent of the students called in
and pledged. In view of the campaign's
lack of success, we can assume that the
bus service we currently offer will
continue to be sufficient to serve the
university."

2. The following is a letter that recently

appeared in the Oak City Gazette, a local
newspaper.
"Membership in Oak City's Civic Club — a
club whose primary objective is to discuss
local issues — should continue to be
restricted to people who live in Oak City.
People who work in Oak City but who live
elsewhere cannot truly understand the
business and politics of the city. It is
important to restrict membership to city
residents because only residents pay city
taxes and therefore only residents
understand how the money could best be
used to improve the city. At any rate,
restricting membership in this way is
unlikely to disappoint many of the
nonresidents employed in Oak City, since
neighboring Elm City's Civic Club has
always had an open membership policy,
and only twenty-five nonresidents have
joined Elm City's Club in the last ten
years."
3. The following appeared as an editorial
in the local newspaper of Dalton.

"When the neighboring town of

Williamsville adopted a curfew four
months ago that made it illegal for
persons under the age of 18 to loiter or
idle in public places after 10 p.m., youth
crime in Williamsville dropped by 27
percent during curfew hours. In
Williamsville's town square, the area
where its citizens were once most
outraged at the high crime rate, not a
single crime has been reported since the
curfew was introduced. Therefore, to help
reduce its own rising crime rate, the town
of Dalton should adopt the same kind of
curfew. A curfew that keeps young people
at home late at night will surely control
juvenile delinquency and protect minors
from becoming victims of crime."

4. The following appeared as an editorial

in the local newspaper of Dalton.

"When the neighboring town of

Williamsville adopted a curfew four
months ago that made it illegal for
persons under the age of 18 to loiter or
idle in public places after 10 p.m., youth
crime in Williamsville dropped by 27
percent during curfew hours. In
Williamsville's town square, the area
where its citizens were once most
outraged at the high crime rate, not a
single crime has been reported since the
curfew was introduced. Therefore, to help
reduce its own rising crime rate, the town
of Dalton should adopt the same kind of
curfew. A curfew that keeps young people
at home late at night will surely control
juvenile delinquency and protect minors
from becoming victims of crime."

5. In each city in the region of Treehaven,

the majority of the money spent on
government-run public school education
comes from taxes that each city
government collects. The region's cities
differ, however, in the value they place on
public education. For example, Parson
City typically budgets twice as much
money per year as Blue City does for its
public schools — even though both cities
have about the same number of
residents. It seems clear, therefore, that
Parson City residents care more about
public school education than do Blue City
residents
6. The following appeared in an
environmental newsletter published in
Tria Island.

“The marine sanctuary on Tria Island was

established to protect certain marine
mammals. Its regulations ban dumping
and offshore oil drilling within 20 miles of
Tria, but fishing is not banned. Currently
many fish populations in Tria’s waters are
declining, a situation blamed on
pollution. In contrast, the marine
sanctuary on Omni Island has regulations
that ban dumping, offshore oil drilling,
and fishing within 10 miles of Omni and
Omni reports no significant decline in its
fish populations. Clearly, the decline in
fish populations in Tria’s waters is the
result of overfishing, not pollution.
Therefore, the best way to restore Tria’s
fish populations and to protect all of
Tria’s marine wildlife is to abandon our
regulations and adopt those of Omni.”

7. The following appeared in a letter from

a department chairperson to the
president of Pierce University.
"Some studies conducted by Bronston
College, which is also located in a small
town, reveal that both male and female
professors are happier living in small
towns when their spouses are also
employed in the same geographic area.
Therefore, in the interest of attracting
the most gifted teachers and researchers
to our faculty and improving the morale
of our entire staff, we at Pierce University
should offer employment to the spouse of
each new faculty member we hire.
Although we cannot expect all offers to
be accepted or to be viewed as an ideal
job offer, the money invested in this
effort will clearly be well spent because,
if their spouses have a chance of
employment, new professors will be more
likely to accept our offers."

8. The following appeared in a memo

from the mayor of the town of Hopewell.

"Two years ago, the town of Ocean View

built a new municipal golf course and
resort hotel. During the past two years,
tourism in Ocean View has increased, new
businesses have opened there, and Ocean
View's tax revenues have risen by 30
percent. The best way to improve
Hopewell's economy, and generate
additional tax revenues, is to build a golf
course and resort hotel similar to those in
Ocean View."

9. The following appeared in a memo

written by a dean at Buckingham College.

"To serve the housing needs of our

students, Buckingham College should
build a new dormitory. Buckingham's
enrollment is growing and, based on
current trends, should double over the
next fifty years, thus making existing
dormitories inadequate. Moreover, the
average rent for an apartment in our
town has increased in recent years.
Consequently, students will find it
increasingly difficult to afford off-campus
housing. Finally, an attractive new
dormitory would make prospective
students more likely to enroll at
Buckingham.

10. The following is a letter to the head of

the tourism bureau on the island of Tria.

"Erosion of beach sand along the shores

of Tria Island is a serious threat to our
island and our tourist industry. In order
to stop the erosion, we should charge
people for using the beaches. Although
this solution may annoy a few tourists in
the short term, it will reduce the number
of people using the beaches and will raise
money for replenishing the sand.
Replenishing the sand, as was done to
protect buildings on the nearby island of
Batia, will help protect buildings along
our shores, thereby reducing these
buildings' risk of additional damage from
severe storms. And since the areas along
the shore will be more attractive as a
result, the beaches will be preserved and
the area's tourist industry will improve
over the long term."

11. The following appeared in a memo at

the XYZ company.

"When XYZ lays off employees, it pays

Delany Personnel Firm to offer those
employees assistance in creating
resumès and developing interviewing
skills, if they so desire. Laid-off
employees have benefited greatly from
Delany's services: last year those who
used Delany found jobs much more
quickly than did those who did not.
Recently, it has been proposed that we
use the less-expensive Walsh Personnel
Firm in place of Delany. This would be a
mistake because eight years ago, when
XYZ was using Walsh, only half of the
workers we laid off at that time found
jobs within a year. Moreover, Delany is
clearly superior, as evidenced by its
bigger staff and larger number of branch
offices. After all, last year Delany's
clients took an average of six months to
find jobs, whereas Walsh's clients took
nine."