TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 ANNUAL PLAN OF ACTION UNDER NATIONAL HORTICULTURE MISSION 2005-06........... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 STATUS OF HORTICULTURE IN PUNJAB ................................................................................................. 1 1.2.1 Fruits ............................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.2 Vegetables........................................................................................................................................ 2 1.2.3 Spices ............................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 POTENTIAL FOR HORTICULTURE ........................................................................................................... 2 2 PROJECT DETAILS ................................................................................................................................. 3 2.1 PROJECT OBJECTIVE AND STRATEGY .................................................................................................... 3 2.1.1 Objective .......................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1.2 Strategy............................................................................................................................................ 3 2.2 TECHNICAL SUPPORT GROUP (TSG)..................................................................................................... 5 2.3 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................................... 5 2.4 DETAILED ACTION PLAN 2005-06 ........................................................................................................ 6 2.4.1 Cluster I ........................................................................................................................................ 7 2.4.2 Action Plan for Development in Cluster I................................................................................... 10 2.4.3 Cluster - II...................................................................................................................................... 13 2.4.4 Action plan for Development in Cluster II.................................................................................. 14 2.4.5 Cluster III.................................................................................................................................... 17 2.4.6 Action Plan for Development of Cluster III ................................................................................ 21 2.5 PROTECTED CULTIVATION .................................................................................................................. 23 2.5.1 Green House (Hi tech) ................................................................................................................... 23 2.5.2 Green House ( Normal) ................................................................................................................. 24 2.5.3 Mulching ........................................................................................................................................ 24 2.5.4 Shade nets ...................................................................................................................................... 25 2.5.5 Plastic Tunnels............................................................................................................................... 25 2.6 ORGANIC FARMING / VERMICOMPOST UNIT ....................................................................................... 26 2.7 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT .................................................................................................... 26 2.8 POLLINATION SUPPORT THROUGH BEE KEEPING ............................................................................. 27 2.9 POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................... 27 2.9.1 Wholesale/ Terminal Markets ........................................................................................................ 29 2.9.2 Commodity Based Wholesale Market ............................................................................................ 29 2.9.3 Market led Extension, awareness, training and evaluation services ............................................. 29 2.9.4 Quality & Residue Analysis laboratory ......................................................................................... 30 2.10 INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY ................................................................................................................. 30 2.11 MISSION MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................................... 30 2.11.1 Institutional strengthening and Hire/ Purchase of vehicles ...................................................... 31 2.11.2 Collaboration with International Agencies ............................................................................... 31 2.11.3 Monitoring and Evaluation ....................................................................................................... 31 2.12 INNOVATIVE STRATEGY FOR MARKETING .......................................................................................... 31 2.13 AGRI EXPORT ZONE ............................................................................................................................ 32

LIST OF TABLES:
TABLE 1 AREA AND PRODUCTION OF SPICES IN PUNJAB ........................................................................................ 2 TABLE 2 MATRIX DISTRICT AND CROPS IDENTIFIED ........................................................................................... 7 TABLE 3 THE CROP WISE DETAILS FOR AREA EXPANSION AND REJUVENATION IS GIVEN IN TABLE BELOW: .......... 11 TABLE 4- INTERVENTIONS FOR CLUSTER I ......................................................................................................... 12 TABLE 5 CROP WISE DETAILS FOR AREA EXPANSION AND REJUVENATION IS GIVEN BELOW: ................................ 15 TABLE 6 INTERVENTIONS FOR CLUSTER II ......................................................................................................... 16 TABLE 7 VEGETABLE SEED PRODUCTION AND SEED INFRASTRUCTURE............................................................... 18 TABLE 8 NURSERY PRICE LIST, PUNJAB ............................................................................................................... 19 TABLE 9 INTERVENTIONS FOR FLORICULTURE ..................................................................................................... 20 TABLE 10 INTERVENTIONS FOR CLUSTER III ..................................................................................................... 23 TABLE 11 INTERVENTIONS FOR PROTECTED CULTIVATION .................................................................................. 25 TABLE 12 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT ..................................................................................................... 27

LIST OF MAPS:
MAP 1 IDENTIFIED CLUSTER FRO NHM PLAN ........................................................................................................ 6 MAP 2 IDENTIFIED CROPS FOR CLUSTER I .......................................................................................................... 10 MAP 3 IDENTIFIED CROPS FOR CLUSTER II........................................................................................................... 14 MAP 4 IDENTIFIED CROPS FOR CLUSTER III .......................................................................................................... 21

ii

1 1.1

ANNUAL PLAN OF ACTION UNDER NATIONAL HORTICULTURE MISSION 2005-06 Background Information

Geography and Climate: Punjab is the northwest state of India situated at 290 - 32/ to 320-32/ North latitude and 730-55/ to 760-50/ East longitude. The state of Punjab is bordered to the north by Jammu and Kashmir, to the northeast by Himachal Pradesh, to the south and southeast by Haryana and to the southwest by Rajasthan. The total area of the state is 50,362 square kilometres (occupying 1.54 % of the countrys total geographical area.) The state of Punjab lies in the sub-tropical belt and is situated in the North-west of Indian sub-continent. It lies over 1600 Km. away from the Bay of Bengal. The Shivaliks are on its North-Western boarder and Rajasthan deserts are in the South. These factors determine its climatic conditions. Winter season is cool extending from the end of October to the end of March. The summer season lasts from April to June. The annual rainfall in Punjab ranges between 250 mm and 1000 mm. Some cyclone rainfall occurs mainly from December to January & March is beneficial to the Rabi crops. Climatically the state has three major seasons. Hot weather (April to June) when temperature rises as high as 440 C. Rainy season (July to September). Average rainfall annual ranges between 960 mm sub-mountain region and 460 mm in the plains. Cold weather (October to March). Temperature goes down as low as 40 C. 1.2 Status of Horticulture in Punjab

Out of the total net sown area of 42.01 lakh ha horticulture crops are currently grown over an area of 2.05 lakh hectares which accounts for 4.8 % of the net sown area. The area under fruit crops is 0.47 lakh hectares (ha) and 1.58 lakh ha is under vegetable crops which accounts for 2.5 % of the total vegetable production in the country. Flowers are grown over an area of 0.006 lakh ha. 1.2.1 Fruits

Presently the total area under fruit cultivation is 0.47 lakh ha, with the production of 6.80 lakh tonnes. The major fruit crops of Punjab are citrus, mango, litchi, guava, ber, and pear. Among the citrus group most of the processable varieties are grown in the state. Under Punjab mandarin, kinnow is the most prevellent variety convering an area of 20,000

hectares with a production of 3.00 lakh tonnes, there is further scope to double the production in the next 5 years.
1

1.2.2

Vegetables

Punjab is a leading state in terms of production of vegetables. The total area under vegetable crop is 1.58 lakh ha. with the production of 27 lakh tonnes. The annual productivity of the state is 16.8 MT/ha as compared to the average nationl productivity of 14 Mt/ha.The major vegetables grown in the state are cauliflower, peaas, potato, onion, chilies, tomato, brinjal. 1.2.3 Spices

Some of the important spices like chili, ginger, and turmeric are also grown in the state. The total area under spices production during the year 2002-03 was 10957 ha with the production of 30249 tonnes.
Table 1 Area and Production of Spices in Punjab SPICE Chilli Garlic Celery Total Area (ha) 8250 1180 2000 11430 2000-01 Production (T) 13068 14337 2800 30205 Area (ha) 8895 1220 746 10861 2001-02 Production ( T) 14125 15320 299 29744 Area (ha) 8990 1225 742 10957 2002-03 Production (T) 14306 14976 967 30249

1.3

Potential for Horticulture

The ecological conditions with high fertility levels of soil and extensive irrigation facilities i. e. 94 % being highest in the country provide ample opportunities for diversification in to profitable horticulture. Successful Kinnow (citrus) cultivation in the state has made it the forerunner state in the citrus production. Advances in the production of potato, cucurbits, chillies, tomato and brinjal amongst vegetables is equally important. Among the fruits crops Kinnow has assumed a significant place occupying approximately 33 % of the total area under fruits. Other types of citrus such as sweet orange, Lime, Lemons etc. has been left far behind. In Jalandhar and Hoshiarpur production of seed potato is quite significant whereas in Ludhiana and Patiala potato is grown mainly for direct consumption. Chillies, Tomato, Brinjal, and Onion crops have also witnessed sharp progress in area and production in the recent past. In case of Chillies and Tomato productivity has substantially increased because of the adoption of hybrids.

2 2.1

PROJECT DETAILS Project Objective and Strategy Objective

2.1.1

National Horticulture Mission (NHM) will be implemented in Punjab to promote holistic growth of the horticulture sector covering fruit, vegetables, root & tuber crops, mushroom, spices, flowers, aromatic plants and cashew. This is centrally sponsored scheme in which Government of India shall provide 100% assistance to the State Mission during the 10th Plan. During the XI Plan, the Government of India assistance will be 85% with 15% contribution by the State Governments. The main objectives of the mission are: To provide holistic growth of the horticulture sector through an area based regionally differentiated strategies which include research, technology promotion, extension, post harvest management, processing and marketing, in consonance with comparative advantage of each State/ region and its diverse agro climatic feature; To enhance horticulture production, improve nutritional security and income support to farm households; To establish convergence and synergy among multiple on going and planned programmes for horticulture development; To promote, develop and disseminate technologies, through a seamless blend of traditional wisdom and modern scientific knowledge To create opportunities for employment generation for skilled and unskilled persons especially unemployed youths. 2.1.2 Strategy

To meet the above stated objective, an end to-end holistic approach is adopted covering production, post-harvest management, processing, and marketing to ensure appropriate returns to the growers. Before proceeding further it would be pertinent to understand a little about the Agro Climatic conditions of Punjab. In achieving the targeted area expansion under different crops the following strategies will be adopted. Awareness building through extension and information dissemination on crop possibilities and market demand. The State Horticulture extension machinery as well as private sector extension will have a role to play in this.
3

Quality planting material grafts, air layers, seedlings, micro-propagules - will be made available for orchard development both through the Govt. machinery as well as through private sector participation. This will include seed material for tubers and spices, and certified seeds of vegetables and spices. Technical support services will be made available at the doorstep of farmers to ensure adoption of appropriate crop production and PHM technologies by farmers. The role of the private sector will be encouraged through contract farming arrangements. The State machinery as well as the private sector, through contract farming arrangements, will have a role in extension, supply of quality planting material and provision of technical support services. Organic farming in production of vegetables and spices will be encouraged. Since much of traditional horticulture in Punjab has relied on organic methods; the state has strength in this area. Since marketing has been identified as the primary constraining factor in development of the Horticulture sector a well-coordinated strategy will be followed for development of marketing infrastructure and market linkages. The following strategic interventions have been planned: In promoting area expansion, choice of crops and of varieties will be geared to the market and to the needs of the processing units and exporters Development of market linkages through promotion of a chain of marketing operators viz. consolidators, traders, and commission agents will be attempted. For this purpose the necessary regulatory framework will be put in place through amendment of the APMC Act so that value chain is maintained. Establishment of appropriate Post Harvest Management Infrastructure will be accorded priority. While the private sector will be assigned primary role, the existing public sector agencies will also play a major role as catalyst. Market development will be based on a market study and a comprehensive Master Plan has been assigned to a consultant. For Improvement of the supply chain facilities for sorting / grading / packaging/ storage and transportation will be promoted. Provision will be made for development of collection centers and transportation to local markets. A chain of cold storages and a network of reefer vans will be promoted at all important centers identified through the above study in the cooperative/private/ public sector. For exploiting Industrial / Urban markets of neighboring States, development of trade channels will be encouraged.
4

A proposal has been made for the development of Perishable Cargo Centre at Amritsar as a part of the marketing strategy under innovative scheme. Close link with APEDA for export potential. 2.2 Technical Support Group (TSG)

The state Mission will have a strong technical component and will be the centre of mission management. Technical support to the mission at state level will be provided by the National Horticulture Board, as per the operational guidelines to formulate, appraise and monitor the implementation of the missions programmes. The Technical Support Group (TSG) housed in the NHB, will have flexible norms for recruiting professionals in contract. The TSG would comprise of personnel at different levels, who will provide the technical services in accordance with the terms of reference laid for the purpose and approved by EC. TSG will have the following role and functions: To visit the districts regularly and frequently to provide guidance in organizational and technical matters. To compile materials for conduct of regional workshops in respect of different plantations and different aspects viz., production, post- harvest management, processing, marketing To mount supervision and evaluation mission. Assist the state mission in capacity building programmes. 2.3 Methodology

In developing the Action Plan, the thrust has been on area approach and promotion of Horticultural crops in compact patches and in cluster villages. While selecting the clusters, comparative advantage of crops like marketing opportunities, seasonal advantage, local consumption, export/import substitution scope for intensification and productivity

improvement have been taken into consideration. Besides contiguity of the potential area for expansion has also been kept in view so that enhanced production and productivity in these regions is taken care of. The methodology of selecting clusters of contiguous areas and potential crops shall entail focused approach as this will integrate all the activities for commercial uptake of the horticulture in that area. This will lead to economic development of the area as the crops selected have comparative advantages. The activities identified for this mission shall be implemented in project mode rather than generic developmental programme of state.

2.4

Detailed Action Plan 2005-06

Based on geographical and climatic conditions of the growing belts, potential for expansion following 15 districts have been identified in clusters: Cluster -l Cluster -ll Cluster III : Firozpur, Muktsar, Bhatinda : Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Amritsar : Ludhiana, Kapurthala, Jalandhar, Fatehgarh Sahib, Patiala

Map 1 Identified cluster fro NHM Plan

The crops selected are for cluster I Citrus, Grapes, Guava, and Ber. In cluster II the crops selected are Citrus, Litchi, Guava, and Pear. Vegetable Seed Production, Flowers, Spices, Aromatic are identified as potential crops for cluster III The integrated approach would be adopted for development of plantation, creation of post harvest system and development of marketing Infrastructure in identified crop to make them hubs of activities for doubling the production and enhancing marketing as per the matrix below:

Table 2 Matrix District and Crops Identified S.No. District Citrus Litchi Grapes Guava Pear Ber Veg. seed Pro. Flowers Spices Aromatic

Cluster I 1. Firozpur 2. Muktsar 3. Bhatinda Cluster II 4 Amritsar 5 Gurdaspur 6 Hoshiarpur Cluster III 7 Ludhiana 8 Kapurthala 9 Jalandhar 10 Fatehgarh Sahib 11 Patiala

Cluster - wise strategy proposed to be adopted in the action plan 2005-06 is discussed below: 2.4.1 Cluster I

The districts identified for cluster - I are Firozpur, Muktsar, and Bhatinda. The districts of cluster I comes under arid irrigated zone where the average maximum and minimum temperature is 42 0 C and 7 0 C, respectively. The annual rainfall of the cluster rainfall ranges between 400-500 mm. The soil type of this cluster is medium to heavy. The suitable crops of this cluster are citrus, grape, ber, and guava. 2.4.1.1 Citrus Citrus fruits occupy third position after mango and banana in the production of fruits in India. The state of Punjab which has much lower area under citrus than many other states has the credit of having achieved higher productivity (12.9 MT/ha) which is only second to the productivity of these fruits in the state of Andhra Pradesh (13.5 MT/ ha). Multinational firms like Tropicana Foods have started growing Sweet orange on contractual basis in Abohar and Bhatinda districts for juice making. For processing purpose new processing units are being established by PAIC. Under Punjab mandarin, Kinnow is the most prevalent variety covered in an area of 20,000 ha with a production of 3.00 lakh tonnes. The technology to be adopted for achieving production is planting of newer cultivars, use of tolerant rootstocks, better nutrient and water management practices and appropriate control measure of insects and pests through use of IPM practices.
7

Constraints in Production The Kinnow plant has an inherent problem of declining at an early age because of early bearing and tendency for over production. The other major constraints of production are: Availability of indexed virus free plant material continues to be the major hurdle Large number of insects pests, fungal diseases, viruses and virus like disease continue to pose a serious problem Infrastructure with respect to production technology is quite scanty Post harvest infrastructure and storage facilities are not available 2.4.1.2 Grapes Grape growing in the state has assumed great significance in view of heavy investments needed to develop the recommended structure for the vines training system as well as because of heavy returns. It is grown on an area of 1378 ha producing 37206 MT. It is mainly cultivated in the arid and semi arid conditions of Firozpur and Bhatinda districts. Only table grape varieties are under cultivation in Punjab with Perlette being over 99 %, while other varieties like Beauty Seedless, Thompson Seedless & Anab- e- Shahi are just 1 %. The cluster has scope of producing processable grape varieties like Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Chenin Blanc. There is great export potential of exporting grapes to gulf, Europe, SAARC and South East Asian countries. Constraints in Production Earlier grape cultivation has flourished in Punjab & farmers were benefited but cultivation decreased during past 5- 7 years due to lack of introduction of new table & processing varieties. The major constrains of production are: Limitation of processable varieties Non availability of proper rootstock Maturity in very short period lead to glut situation, thus losses to farmers. Matures during the monsoon, sometimes the crop is affected by pre-monsoon rains resulting into total loss. Climatic hindrances like short vegetative cycle from bud break to harvest and high temperature at maturity

2.4.1.3 Ber Ber is an ancient fruit grown in Punjab. The districts of Sangrur, Bhatinda and Patiala have emerged as the main areas of production. The main cultivars which are grown in the districts are Umran, Kaithli, Wallaiti. The productivity of Ber in Punjab has increased to 15 T/ha during the last decade. Ber in Punjab starts ripening in March April when no other fruits is harvested in Punjab and hence gets good market price. The Ber fruit is grown mostly on degraded soil and such pockets is available in the Firozpur district which can profitably be put for ber production in the state. Moreover nearness to Delhi is a big advantage from marketing point of view. Constraints in Production The major constraints in production are: The crop experiences a difficult pruning process during the summer months. Lack of good soft cultivars for growing of ber The crop is being attacked by fruit fly High incidence of powdery mildew The necessary Infrastructure for PHM handling is not developed 2.4.1.4 Guava The state of Punjab though occupying a very small proportion of the countrys area under this fruit but the productivity (17.5 MT/ha) is only next to Madhya Pradesh (20.0 MT/ha). The total area under guava cultivation during the year 2004-05 was 7309 ha with the production of 127908 MT. Comparative Advantage of Punjab Guava High Productivity Extended harvesting season throughout the year

Map 2 Identified crops for cluster I

2.4.2

Action Plan for Development in Cluster I

2.4.2.1 Production of Planting Material For new plantation and for rejuvenation of old senile orchards production of quality planting material is required. For this nurseries are required to be set up in main citrus producing districts. One model nursery ( 4 ha) for citrus and other fruits will be set up in Firozpur under public sector. In Bhatinda one small (1 ha) nursery is proposed in public sector for citrus, guava and one small (1 ha) nursery for guava is proposed in Muktsar. 2.4.2.2 Area Expansion/ Rejuvenation/ Replacement of Senile Plantations It is proposed to rejuvenate an area of 2550 ha under the identified fruit crops in cluster I. Also it is estimated to bring an additional area 600 ha under different processable varieties of citrus, guava and wine making for grapes. As an innovative crop ber is proposed to cultivate in an area of 50 ha in Bhatinda.

10

Table 3 The crop wise details for area expansion and rejuvenation is given in table below: Crop Area Expansion Districts covered Rejuvenation/ Replacement of old / senile orchards 2400 ha 50 ha 100 ha Districts covered

Citrus Grapes Guava Ber Total

300 ha 50 ha 200 ha 50 600 ha

Firozpur, Muktsar, Bhatinda Firozpur, Muktsar, Bhatinda Firozpur, Muktsar, Bhatinda Muktsar, Bhatinda

Firozpur, Bhatinda Bhatinda

Muktsar

Bhatinda, Firozpur, Muktsar

2550 ha

2.4.2.3 Post harvest Infrastructure To strengthen the post harvest infrastructure to meet the present level of production as well as the anticipated increase in production volumes, quality at the consumer level can be increased with appropriate post harvest infrastructural facilities. Therefore, plan envisages functional infrastructure like: Collection centres: Nine collection centres, three in each identified district is proposed under the national horticulture mission plan. The collection centre will consists of mechanical sorting, grading and packing line. The estimated cost for each unit is 15.00 lakh and the proposed assistance is credit linked back ended subsidy @ 25 % of the capital cost of the project in general areas and 33.33 % in case of hilly and tribal area. 2.4.2.4 Multi Product Processing Unit One multi product processing unit is proposed to set up in Abohar (Firozpur) for processing of citrus and guava. The unit will be an integrated facility which will be basically for guava and citrus, tomato. 2.4.2.5 Cold Storage Two cold storage is proposed to be set up, one in Hoshiarpur and one in Firozpur for storage of citrus under controlled condition. The estimated cost of this storage Rs. 2.00 crore per unit and the assistance is credit linked back ended subsidy @ 25 % of the capital cost of the project in general areas and 33.33 % in case of hilly tribal areas. 2.4.2.6 Rural / Apni Mandi The present haats or weekly bazaars which constitute first contact point with commercial circuits for the producers do not provide even the most basic of amenities and facilities such as shelter, water, electricity, roads etc. Bringing about an improvement in market facilities at rural level has a direct impact on farmers income. Once developed the rural markets
11

provide improved services for buyers and create an element of market security for the growers. Haats need to be provided with mobile banks on haat days by Gramin Banks. Therefore, in total three rural markets, one in each identified district is proposed in cluster I. These rural markets will have the minimum basic infrastructure such as sheds, auction/sale platforms, proper flooring, drainage, provision for drinking water, internal roads, electricity etc. the estimated cost for development of each market is 15.00 lakh per unit and the proposed assistance is credit linked back ended subsidy @ 25 % of the capital cost of the project in general areas and 33.33 % in case of hilly and tribal area. The minimum basic infrastructure in each market such as sheds, auction/sale platforms, proper flooring, drainage, provision for drinking water, internal roads, and electricity etc. will be set up.
Table 4- Interventions for cluster I

S. No.

Programme PLANTATION INFRASTRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT Production Of Planting material a) Public sector i) Model Nursery ii) Small nursery ( 1ha) b) Private Sector i) Small nursery ( 1ha)

Estimated Cost

Proposed Assistance

Phy./ Location

Fin. ( Rs. Lakhs)

Rs. 18.00 lakhs/unit Rs. 3.00 lakh/ unit Rs. 3.00 lakh/ unit

Max. of Rs. 18.00 lakh per nursery Max. of Rs. 3.00 lakh per nursery 50 % cost limited to Rs. 1.50 lakh/ nursery

1 (Firozpur) 1( Bhatinda) 1( Firozpur)

18.00 3.00

1.50

Establishment of New gardens i. Fruits ( Perennial) Rejuvenation/ Productivity enhancement Functional infrastructure

Rs. 30,000/ha

Rs. 15.00 lakh

Rs. 22500/ha 50 % of the total cost subject limit of Rs. 15,000/ha to a limit of 2 ha credit linked back ended subsidy @ 25 % of the capital cost of the project in general areas and 33.33 % in case of hilly and tribal area

600 2400

135.00 360.00

33.75

4 5 5

Multi Product Line Cold Storage Rural/ Apni Mandi Total

Project Based Rs. 2.00 Crores Rs. 15.00 lakh

Abohar 2 3

100.00 11.25 662.50

12

2.4.3

Cluster - II

The districts identified for cluster - I are Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur. The districts Gurdaspur and Hoshiarpur comes under submontane zone and Amritsar comes under central zone, where the average maximum and minimum temperature is 42 0 C and 7 0 C, respectively. The annual rainfall of the cluster rainfall ranges between 500-900 mm. The soil type of this cluster is medium to heavy. The suitable crops of this cluster are citrus, litchi, pear and guava. 2.4.3.1 Citrus The variety Kinnow has established itself as the lead citrus variety in the state. Its productivity of 15 MT/ha is the highest amongst citrus fruits in the country. The demand of this fruit is also increasing in the foreign markets. Thus there is immense opportunity in expanding area under this crop. Many exotic varieties such as many variant selection of Satsuma mandarin from Japan also offer a good scope of diversifying citrus production in the state. 2.4.3.2 Litchi Litchi is one of the important tropical fruit crops of Punjab and of great nutritional value. A uniquely flavoured fruit, the whitish flesh of the litchi has a strong tangy sweet taste and a very popular fruit in India. It also finds great favour in export markets. Exports of canned Litchi have been virtually static for the last 2 3 years. It is exported mainly to gulf countries like Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Oman and Bahrain as well to some EU countries. There is good export potential provided quality fruits are produced employing appropriate pre harvest and post harvest practices. For this, post harvest handling practices need to be standardized and post- harvest infrastructure needs to be created. The total area under litchi cultivation during the year 2004- 05 is 1263 ha with the total production of 12630 figuring the productivity to be 10 MT/ha. 2.4.3.3 Pear Pear is an important fruit crop of Punjab. It is cultivated in an area of over 2450 ha with a total production of 49,000 tonnes. Major variety grown in Punjab is sand pear. Sand Pear is a hard textured fruit having juice content to the extent of 65 70 %, with sugar brix varying from 7 9 %. Compared with apple, it falls below consumer expectations as table fruit because of superior fruit characteristics of apple, (apple has 85 % plus juice content with average sugar brix in the range of 9 11 %, depending upon the variety). The state has now plans to further develop the production volume by setting up superior post harvest management techniques as well as by promoting its processing.
13

2.4.3.4 Guava The state of Punjab though occupying a very small proportion of the countrys area under this fruit but the productivity (17.5 MT/ha) is only next to Madhya Pradesh (20.0 MT/ha). The total area under guava cultivation during the year 2004-05 was 7309 ha with the production of 127908 MT.

Map 3 Identified Crops for Cluster II

2.4.4

Action plan for Development in Cluster II

2.4.4.1 Area Expansion/ Rejuvenation/ Replanting of senile/ old orchards It is proposed to rejuvenate an area of 950 ha under the identified fruit crops in cluster II. Also it is estimated to bring an additional area 830 ha under different processable varieties of citrus, guava and litchi.

14

Table 5 Crop wise details for area expansion and rejuvenation is given below: Crop Citrus Litchi Guava Pear Total Area Expansion 300 ha 100 ha 200 ha 230 830 ha Districts covered Hoshiarpur Gurdaspur , Hoshiarpur Gurdaspur , Hoshiarpur, Amritsar Gurdaspur , Hoshiarpur, Amritsar Rejuvenation/ Replacement of old / senile orchards 600 ha 150 ha 200 ha 950 ha Districts covered Hoshiarpur Gurdaspur , Hoshiarpur, Amritsar Amritsar

2.4.4.2 Production of Planting Material For new plantation and for rejuvenation of the old senile orchards production of quality planting material is required. For this nurseries are required to be set up in main fruits producing districts. It is proposed to set up one model nursery (4 ha) under public sector and one model nursery (4 ha) under private sector at Amritsar for Pear/ Guava also one model nurseries (4 ha) under private sector at Hoshiarpur need to be set up for citrus. 2.4.4.3 Post harvest Infrastructure To strengthen the post harvest infrastructure to meet the present level of production as well as the anticipated increase in production volumes, quality at the consumer level can be increased with appropriate post harvest infrastructural facilities. Therefore, plan envisages functional infrastructure like: Collection centres: Nine collection centres, three in each identified district is proposed under the national horticulture mission plan. The collection centre will consists of mechanical sorting, grading and packing line and facility for temporary storage. The estimated cost for each unit is 15.00 lakh and the proposed assistance is credit linked back ended subsidy @ 25 % of the capital cost of the project in general areas and 33.33 % in case of hilly and tribal area. 2.4.4.4 Multi Product Processing Unit One multi product processing unit is proposed to set up in Hoshiarpur for processing of citrus and guava. The unit will be an integrated facility which will be basically for guava and citrus and tomato. 2.4.4.5 Cold Storage One cold storage is proposed to be set up in Gurdaspur for storage of litchi under controlled condition. The estimated cost of this storage Rs. 2.00 crore per unit and the assistance is credit linked back ended subsidy @ 25 % of the capital cost of the project in general areas and 33.33 % in case of hilly tribal areas.
15

2.4.4.6 Rural/ Apni Mandi/ Direct Markets The present haats or weekly bazaars which constitute first contact point with commercial circuits for the producers do not provide even the most basic of amenities and facilities such as shelter, water, electricity, roads etc. Bringing about an improvement in market facilities at rural level has a direct impact on farmers income. Once developed the rural markets provide improved services for buyers and create an element of market security for the growers. Haats need to be provided with mobile banks on haat days by Gramin Banks. Therefore, in total three rural markets, one in each identified district is proposed in cluster I. These rural markets will have the minimum basic infrastructure such as sheds, auction/sale platforms, proper flooring, drainage, provision for drinking water, internal roads, electricity etc. the estimated cost for development of each market is 15.00 lakh per unit and the proposed assistance is credit linked back ended subsidy @ 25 % of the capital cost of the project in general areas and 33.33 % in case of hilly and tribal area. The minimum basic infrastructure in each market such as sheds, auction/sale platforms, proper flooring, and drainage, provision for drinking water, internal roads, and electricity etc. will be set up.
Table 6 Interventions for cluster II

S. No.

Programme PLANTATION INFRASTRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT Production Of Planting material a) Public sector i) Model nursery ( 4ha) b) Private Sector i) Model Nursery

Estimated Cost

Proposed Assistance

Phy./ Location

Fin. ( Rs. Lakhs)

Rs. 18.00 lakh/ unit Rs. 18.00 lakh/ unit

Max. of Rs. 18.00 lakh per nursery 50 % cost limited to Rs. 9.00 lakh/ nursery

1 ( Amritsar)

18.00

(Hoshiarpur (1) Amritsar (1)

18.00

Sub Total Establishment of New gardens i. Fruits ( Perennial) Rejuvenation/ Productivity enhancement Sub Total Functional infrastructure

36.00

Rs. 30,000/ha

Rs. 22500/ha 50 % of the total cost subject limit of Rs. 15,000/ha to a limit of 2 ha credit linked back ended subsidy @ 25 % of the capital cost of the
16

830 ha 950 ha

186.75 142.5

Rs. 15.00 lakh

329.25 33.75

S. No.

Programme

Estimated Cost

Proposed Assistance project in general areas and 33.33 % in case of hilly and tribal area

Phy./ Location

Fin. ( Rs. Lakhs)

4 5

Multi Product Line Cold Storage

Project Based Rs. 2.00 crore / unit

Hoshiarpur credit linked back ended subsidy @ 25 % of the capital cost of the project in general areas and 33.33 % in case of hilly and tribal area credit linked back ended subsidy @ 25 % of the capital cost of the project in general areas and 33.33 % in case of hilly and tribal area 1 50.00

Rural/ Apni Mandi

Rs. 15.00 lakh

11.25

Total

460.25

2.4.5

Cluster III

The cluster III which includes districts of Ludhiana, Kapurthala, Fatehgarh Sahib, Patiala, and Jalandhar is specifically earmarked for the development of vegetable seed production, floriculture and spices. 2.4.5.1 Vegetable Seed Production The state Horticulture Mission will ensure the timely availability of the good quality seeds and planting material to the farmers at nominal price. Fro vegetable seed production as well as production of seedling, the approach would be as follows: Public sector: The production of vegetable seeds on the lands being owned by the universities or on lands taken up on contract farming mode belonging to seed growers. The total land area taken would be 250 ha. 50 ha at Matteuara farm in Ludhiana is identified for vegetable seed production 75 ha at Malsian, Dhogri, Kartarpur in Jalandhar 125 ha at PAU Commercial production of vegetable crops is restricted due to inadequate production and distribution of good quality seeds and nursery. The districts identified for vegetable seed production are Ludhiana, Kapurthala, Fatehgarh Sahib, Patiala, and Jalandhar. Cultivation of hybrids not only increases the vegetable production to meet the requirement of the population but also increases the per capita income of the marginal farmers.
17

2.4.5.2 Seed Infrastructure In order to establish/strengthen infrastructure facilities for production and distribution of quality seed, assistance for creating facilities of seed cleaning, grading, processing, packing and seed storage is proposed. 100 % assistance is provided to the public sector and assistance to the private sector is credit linked back ended subsidy limited to 25 % of the project cost. Punjab being the seed capital of the country, there are large number of public and private sector seed growers who need the assistance for proper handling, storage and packaging of seeds. Public Sector : PAU along with the Director Horticulture will implement this programme. Private sector: The private seed companies engaged in vegetable seed production and seed processing will be assisted. During the year 2005-06 assistance will be given to five vegetable seed infrastructure units.
Table 7 Vegetable Seed Production and Seed Infrastructure

S. No. 1

Item Production of high quality vegetable seeds of open pollinated and hybrid varieties Development of Infrastructure for production of hi tech production of quality seeds in the districts of Kapurthala, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Fatehgarh sahib, Patiala Total

Cost/ unit Rs. 50,000/ ha

No. of units 250 ha

Amount (Rs. In lakhs) 125.00

Rs. 5.00 lakh/unit Rs. 2.00 lakh/unit

Public : 10 Private : 25

50.00 50.00

325.00

2.4.5.3 Nursery Development In Punjab, there are total of 50 privately registered nurseries and the government nurseries number 28. There are infact over 200 nurseries in the state but few have registered and most would not gain registration through the certification process. The state does have a Punjab Fruit Nurseries Act, 1961, which was amended in 2000 and is the basis of Punjabs Fruit Nurseries registration procedures. The amendment was primarily concerned with the raising of fees which stand at Rs 1500 for the first fruit species and Rs. 300 for succeeding fruit species with a renewal fee of Rs. 500 for the first fruit species and Rs. 100 for succeeding fruit tree species, with fines for contravening the act being between Rs 500 to Rs 50000 or up to 6 months in prison.
18

Prior to the planting season the DOH sets the sales rates of the plant material that are distributed from the government nurseries, the rates are very low ( table 8) and do not reflect the true cost of producing high quality germplasm. For example grafted citrus and mango have a price of Rs 20 per plant and is the highest priced material available from the government nurseries.
Table 8 Nursery Price List, Punjab

Name of the Plant Citrus, mango, guava, loquat, jamun, chiku and ber (budded and grafted) Litchi Layered Peach, Plum, Aonla, Grapes ( budded and grafted) Lime, Pomegranate, Phalsa, peach (produced by cuttings) Grapes ( cutting) Seedling amla, Jamun, phalsa, loquat, sweet lemon Papaya Root stock seedling ( lemon, peach, kainth, guava, amla, khirni) Root stock without earth ball Budd sticks with not less than 10 buds Lemon, ber, peach, pear, guava, jamun, loquat, and amla Mango one bud stick

Price per Plant Rs 20 Rs 15 Rs 20 Rs 15 Rs 15 Rs 10 Rs 5 Rs 5 Rs 0.50 Rs 10 Rs 10 Rs 4

2.4.5.4 Floriculture Growing of flowers is an important component of diversification of agricultural cropping patters. Punjab ranks high on the horticulture map of the country. The horticulture scenario in the state has metamorphosed from traditional open cultivation to commercial and hi tech cultivation of flowers. The state has over 8000 ha, under traditional and commercial flowers with production of over 50,000 M. T. the state has varying soil types and agro climatic conditions which offers tremendous scope for commercial floriculture. Cut flowers There is wide scope to increase the area under cut flowers in the districts of Jalandhar, Ludhiana, and Fatehgarh Sahib. The cut flowers like chrysanthemum will be promoted under this component. Bulbous Flowers The bulbous flowers like Gladiolus will be promoted as bulbous flower along with cut flowers. The improved varieties of bulbous flower crops will be collected from different research stations and multiplied at Govt. nurseries. Assistance @ 50 % of the cost of cultivation subject to maximum Rs. 45,000 will be provided to the small scale farmers. One beneficiary can avail assistance for 2 ha area while assistance @ 33 % of ten cost of cultivation subject to maximum Rs. 29,700 will be provided to other farmers.
19

Loose Flowers Loose flowers like Marigold; Chrysanthemum etc will be promoted around, Ludhiana, Patiala and Fatehgarh Sahib. Assistance @ 50 % of the cost of cultivation subject to maximum Rs. 12,000 will be provided to the small scale farmers. One beneficiary can avail assistance for 2 ha area, while assistance @ 33 % of the cost of cultivation subject to maximum Rs. 7920 will be provided to other farmers. One beneficiary can avail assistance for 4 ha area.
Table 9 Interventions for Floriculture S.No. 1 Component a) Cut flowers Small scale (2 ha) Other farmers b) Bulbous Flowers Small scale (2 ha) Other farmers c) Loose flowers Small scale (2 ha) Other farmers Nursery (1 ha) Public Tissue culture lab (up gradation) Total Proposed assistance Rs 35,000/ha Rs. 23100/ha Rs. 45,000/ha Rs. 29700/ha Rs. 12000/ha Rs. 7920/ha Rs. 3 lakh/unit Rs. 8.00 lakh/unit Target ( ha) Fin (Rs. Lakhs)

50 50 50 50 50 50 1 (Ludhiana) 1

17.5 11.55 22.5 14.85 6.00 3.96 3.00 8.00 87.36

2 3.

2.4.5.5 Spices and Aromatic Plants The present scenario of Punjab Agriculture warrants crop diversification i.e. shifting of some area from traditional crops to the new high value crops such as aromatic and spices crops namely mentha, celery, and garlic. Garlic The area of Garlic in Punjab is 1370 ha with the production of 15810Tonnes and productivity of 12.0 MT/ha, which is almost three times the national average. The main areas of garlic production are Patiala, Ludhiana, and Kapurthala. Now with introduction of large size clone varieties the area is expected to increase very fast because the climate of Punjab is highly suitable for large sized garlic production. Mentha Presently 15,000 ha mentha cultivation is in Punjab with production of 18750 tonnes mentha oil and Punjab ranks second in the production of mentha oil in the country. The main area is concentrated in Ludhiana, Patiala, Jalandhar districts. The demand for mentha oil in increasing both nationally and internationally the demand for various species like paper mint, Speer mint and Burgamot mint is increasing but biggest market is of Japanese mint which is commonly known as Japanese Mentha. There is concentrated area of Mentha in Jalandhar, Fatehgarh Sahib, Ludhiana, and Patiala districts which are all adjoining districts
20

and most of distillation plants are located in this area only, and also one modern plant has been established in Moga which is playing pivotal role in spreading the area. Celery Celery is grown for its seed and Punjab alone produces more that 80 per cent of the total production in India. Celery fits well in the rotation with cabbage, peas and potato. The total area under celery in the year 2003 was 742 ha with the total production of 967 MT. The major districts of production are Amritsar and Gurdaspur in Punjab.

Map 4 identified Crops for cluster III

2.4.6

Action Plan for Development of Cluster III

2.4.6.1 Area Expansion under Spices and Aromatic Plants An area of 500 ha is proposed to expand under Garlic and the districts identified for expansion are Patiala and Ludhiana. An area of 250 ha is identified under aromatic plants, where Mentha will be expanded on an area of 200 ha and celery on an area of 50 ha. The districts identified for expansion are Patiala, Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Amritsar and Gurdaspur.
21

2.4.6.2 Production of Planting Material For new plantation production of quality planting material is required. For this nurseries are required to be set up in main floriculture producing districts. It is proposed to set up one small nursery (1 ha) under public sector at Patiala for floriculture and spices. 2.4.6.3 Post Harvest Management To strengthen the post harvest infrastructure to meet the present level of production as well as the anticipated increase in production volumes, quality at the consumer level can be increased with appropriate post harvest infrastructural facilities. Therefore, plan envisages functional infrastructure like:Collection centres: Fifteen collection centres, five in each identified district is proposed under the national horticulture mission plan. The collection centre will consist of mechanical sorting, grading and packing line. The estimated cost for each unit is 15.00 lakh and the proposed assistance is credit linked back ended subsidy @ 25 % of the capital cost of the project in general areas and 33.33 % in case of hilly and tribal area. 2.4.6.4 Rural/ Apni Mandi/ Direct Markets The present haats or weekly bazaars which constitute first contact point with commercial circuits for the producers do not provide even the most basic of amenities and facilities such as shelter, water, electricity, roads etc. Bringing about an improvement in market facilities at rural level has a direct impact on farmers income. Once developed the rural markets provide improved services for buyers and create an element of market security for the growers. Haats need to be provided with mobile banks on haat days by Gramin Banks. Therefore, in total five rural markets, one in each identified district is proposed in cluster III. These rural markets will have the minimum basic infrastructure such as sheds, auction/sale platforms, proper flooring, drainage, provision for drinking water, internal roads, electricity etc. the estimated cost for development of each market is 15.00 lakh per unit and the proposed assistance is credit linked back ended subsidy @ 25 % of the capital cost of the project in general areas and 33.33 % in case of hilly and tribal area. The minimum basic infrastructure in each market such as sheds, auction/sale platforms, proper flooring, and drainage, provision for drinking water, internal roads, and electricity etc. will be set up

22

Table 10 Interventions for Cluster III

S. No.

Programme PLANTATION INFRASTRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT Production Of Planting material a) Public sector i) Small nursery ( 1 ha)

Estimated Cost

Proposed Assistance

Phy./ Location

Fin. ( Rs. Lakhs)

Rs. 3.00 lakh/ unit

Max. of Rs. 3.00 lakh per nursery

1 ( Patiala) 1 (Ludhiana)

6.00

3 4 5 6

Sub Total Establishment of New gardens i. Spices and Aromatic ii. Floriculture Sub Total Vegetable Seed Production Seed Infrastructure Tissue Culture Labs Functional infrastructure

6.00

Rs. 11,250/ha

750 ha

250 ha 35 Rs. 15.00 lakh credit linked back ended subsidy @ 25 % of the capital cost of the project in general areas and 33.33 % in case of hilly and tribal area credit linked back ended subsidy @ 25 % of the capital cost of the project in general areas and 33.33 % in case of hilly and tribal area 15

84.37 76.36 160.73 125.00 100.00 8.00 56.25

Rural/ Apni Mandi

Rs. 15.00 lakh

18.75

Total

474.73

2.5

Protected Cultivation

Activities like Green House construction, mulching, shade net and plastic tunnel will be promoted with assistance available under Mission. 2.5.1 Green House (Hi tech)

The green houses will be mainly used for growing of Fruit Nurseries, and high value vegetable and flower crops. They will also be used for hardening of tissue cultured plantlets. In the green house the temperature, humidity are kept under control by using mini/ micro irrigation and fogging System s per the need of crops which are to be grown in the green house. The estimated cost of construction is Rs. 650/- per sq mt. The assistance @ 50 % of the cost subject to a maximum of Rs. 325 per sq. m. will be available to small and marginal
23

farmers for a unit area of sq mts. per beneficiary.

1000 sq mts, and for other categories of the farmers, the

assistance will be @ 33.3% subject to maximum of Rs. 215 per sq mt.for a unit area of 1000

The emphasis will be placed on cultivation of Carnation, Gerbera, Roses and Horticulture Nursery Developments programmes in the Ludhiana, Patiala, Hoshiarpur, Firozpur, Jalandhar, Bhatinda, Amritsar and Fatehgarh Sahib Districts. 2.5.2 Green House ( Normal)

In these type of greenhouses, dependence on electricity or other conventional fuel is eliminated. These greenhouses will be operated with only natural Ventilation provision for maintaining favourable temp., humidity and carbon dioxide concentration. The plastic net will be used to prevent entry of insects and pests. The film to be used will be ultraviolet stabilized and will be conforming to Standards of IS 2508. The estimated cost of such a green house is Rs. 250 per sq mt . The assistance @ 50 % i.e Rs.125 per sq mt will be provided for a unit of 1000 sq mt, per beneficiary for small and marginal farmers. The other categories of farmers will be given 33.3% i.e Rs. 83.25 per sq,mt, assistance for a unit of1000 sq. mt per beneficiary. The emphasis will be placed on cultivation of Gerbera, Roses, Capsicum, Tomato. Cucumber& propagation of fruit nurseries in the Ludhiana, Hoshiarpur, Firozpur, Jalandhar, Patiala, Amritsar and Fatehgarh Sahib Districts. 2.5.3 Mulching

It is necessary in the state of Punjab Plastic mulching for fruit trees and in Citrus cultivation is found very effective. Under the Mission assistance @ 50 % of the total cost subject to a maximum of Rs. 7000/- per hectare limited to 2 hectares per beneficiary is available. Plastic mulching consists of laying suitable plastic film over the soll around a plant to limit evaporation of water, to check the growth of weed and to protect crops form dirt. Only flexible films are suitable for this practice,. The materials commonly used for mulching film are Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) used green house films will also be used for mulching applications. The thickness of the film will vary with the type of crops grown. lt ranges from 30 to 50 micron for short duration crops and 200 to 250 micron for fruit tree orchards. The emphasis will be given to areas of Ludhiana, Patiala, Hoshiarpur, Firozpur, Jalandhar, Patiala, Amritsar and Fatehgarh Sahib Districts.

24

2.5.4

Shade nets

An assistance @ 50 % of the cost subject to a maximum of Rs. 3500/ 500 sq. m. limited to 2 hectares per beneficiary will be available under the Mission. A shade net is a framed structure covered with plastic net instead of plastic film or glass. Plastic net is stretched properly before use. Once the shade net frame is installed the stretched plastic net is spread over the structure from one end to the other without wrinkles and keeping over crops or nursery. It protects the crops from high intensity direct solar radiation. The emphasis will be given to areas of Ludhiana, Patiala, Hoshiarpur, Firozpur, Jalandhar, Patiala, Amritsar and Fatehgarh Sahib Districts. 2.5.5 Plastic Tunnels

An assistance @ 50 % of the cost subject to a maximum of Rs. 5000/1000 sq. m. limited to 0.50 hectare per beneficiary will be available under the Mission. Plastic tunnel is also called miniature green house, the low tunnels take full advantage of the properties of transparent plastic films. The curved shape along with minimum framework helps to maximize the illumination. Heat and water losses are reduced. The Installation is rapid and low cost. Plastic low tunnels will be used in horticultural nurseries, floriculture, etc. The emphasis will be given to areas of Ludhiana, Patiala, Hoshiarpur, Firozpur, Jalandhar, Patiala, Amritsar and Fatehgarh Sahib Districts. Activities like green house construction, mulching, shade net and plastic tunnels would be promoted, the assistance for which is indicated in the guidelines. The physical and financial Programme proposed is as under.
Table 11 Interventions for Protected Cultivation S. No. 1. Item Particulars Cost/Unit No. of Units 50 Amount (Rs. in lakhs) 162.50

Green house (High Tech)

2.

Green house (Normal)

2.

Mulching

High tech green houses for varietals testing & development of Citrus and other horticulture crops installed / to be installed in Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Patiala, Firozpur Green houses for varietals testing & development of flowers and other fruits to be installed in Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Patiala, Firozpur For Citrus and other horticulture crops Shade net houses for raising rootstocks and enclosing mother trees with mist irrigation facility 25

Rs.325/sq.m (1000 sq./m in each unit)

Rs.125/sq.m (1000 sq./m in each unit)

50

62.50

3.

Shade-net * proposed under Private

Rs.7000/- per hectare (2 hectares for each unit) Rs.7/- per sq.m. (2 hectares in each unit)

50

3.50

150

210.00

S. No.

Item

Particulars

Cost/Unit

No. of Units

Amount (Rs. in lakhs)

sector

4.

Low-tunnels

poly houses for off season nursery. Hot bed and cold frame for conditioning/hardening of rooted cuttings, water storage tank, spray pumps, tools and implements for propagation, rootstock/seeds, media, manure/fertilizers, hormones/ chemicals, packing material, containers For growing vegetable under low tunnels in Amritsar Jalandhar, Sangrur, Mansa, Bathinda,

Rs.5000 / 1000 sq.m limited to 2 hect. Per benefic ion.

600 hect.

30.00

Total

468.50

2.6

Organic Farming / Vermicompost Unit

The method of vermi composting for production of organic manure is found to be very useful. It is therefore, proposed to support farmers for adoption of organic farming on horticulture crops and also production of compost through vermin compost. It is proposed to install 250 ha. Of vermi compost during 2005-06 for which an assistance of Rs. 75.00 lakhs will be required. 2.7 Human Resource Development

Punjab is one of the leading state in the country for Horticulture Development. With the increasing area under horticultural crops, the need for trained/semi-trained manpower is growing. Also there is need to guide farmers about latest know-how in the field of horticulture. The Government of Punjab has identified areas for setting up Agri Export Zones for different fruits and vegetables. Thus there is need to give focus on export quality production. For this it is essential to impart training to the departmental staff/officers Training would be imparted on the aspects like improved cultivation practices, IPM, INM, post harvest management practices and processing, export etc. is necessary. Human resource development through trainings and demonstrations will be an integral part of the State Mission. Under this Programme, training of the farmers, field level worker and officers will be taken up. Programme for providing appropriate training to the farmers for the adoption of high yielding varieties of crops and farming System will be taken up. Programme for training of the officials concerned with the implementation of the programme and the field level workers who will in turn train, guide the farmers will also be taken up. An important activity under the training is to provide resource materials to the farmers and to acquaint them about various farming techniques through exhibitions and demonstrations. In
26

order to ensure wider and full participation, Publicity about the training programmes will also be required.
Table 12 Human Resource Development S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Particulars Duration/ Nos. 8 12 2 1 250 2 Cost/Unit (Rs.) 1500 6000 10000 200000 12 10000 No. Of Participants Provision Required ( Rs. Lacs) 60.00 86.40 10.00 20.00 150.00 12.00 116.40

Farmers training Supervisors Training Officers Training Study Tours Entrepreneurs Training Farmers Visits Total

500 120 50 10 500 60

The state has less of technical manpower therefore, it is recommended to have more of technical person on contractual basis by implementing agency. Furthermore it is advisable to appoint and recruit technical staff by the state government for implementing and monitoring of the mission activities. 2.8 Pollination Support through Bee Keeping

In order to maximize agricultural production, honeybee can be used as an important input. The overall responsibility of coordinating the beekeeping development programme in the state would be vested in the identified State Designated Agency (SDA), KVIB. The KVIB has been implementing the beekeeping programmes, it will be integrated in the NHM. The bee traders from corporate/ private sector shall be registered with SDA, and they will be selected based on their technical expertise, qualified personnel and infrastructure. The registered bee breeders shall be eligible for financial assistance in the form of grant in aid to a maximum of 50 % of the cost subject to maximum of Rs. 800/- colony with beehive. Project envisages 25 Acres vegetable seed production in each district to be supported through bee keeping. Estimated cost of the project would be Rs. 50 lakhs as per NHM norms. 2.9 Post Harvest Management

The programmes for post harvest management are project based. States Missions, after approval of the Executive Committee of the State Mission is to submit viable projects to EC. Such projects as proposed by SHM are included in the document. NHM assistance is available for Pack Houses, Cold Storage Units, Refrigerated Vans, and C.A. Storage Mobile Processing Units, Market Intelligence, and Buy back intervention and

27

for the establishment of the marketing infrastructure for horticulture produce in Public/Private/Cooperative Sectors. The main objectives of providing assistance under this component are (a) to induce Investments from private and cooperative sectors in the development of marketing infrastructure for horticulture commodities (b) Strengthen existing horticulture markets including wholesale, rural haats; (c) focus on promotion of grading, standardization and quality certification of horticultures produce at farm /market level to enable farmers to realize better price; and (d) create general awareness among farmers, consumers, entrepreneurs and market functionaries on market related Agricultural Practices including contract farming. Assistance under the scheme is provided on the following norms: Credit linked back ended subsidy @ 25% of the capital cost of the project is provided for new infrastructure projects for marketing of horticultural commodities and for strengthening and modernization of existing horticulture markets such s wholesale or rural haats. Marketing infrastructure' for the purpose of this Scheme may comprise of any of the following: Functional infrastructure for collection/assemblage, drying, cleaning, grading and standardization, SPS measures and quality certification, labeling, packaging, ripening chambers, retailing and wholesaling, value addition facilities (without changing the product form). Market user common facilities in the project area like shops/offices, platforms for loading/un-loading/assembling and auctioning of the produce, parking sheds, internal roads, garbage disposal arrangements, including drinking water, sanitation arrangements, weighing and mechanical handling equipments. Infrastructure for Direct Marketing of horticulture commodities from producers to Consumers/processing units/bulk buyers. The above is included in the form of a terminal market in the Mission. Assistance for setting up markets is linked with market reforms and preference is to be given to those States which amend their State Agricultural Produce Marketing Acts for facilitating alternate marketing by farmers/farmer groups involved in horticulture. Such amendments have already been made for direct marketing of fruits & vegetables by for setting up terminal markets. Other amendments are planned for contract farming, single licensing etc. for Monsoon session of the State assembly. Assistance is available to individuals, Group of farmers/growers/ consumers, Partnership/ Proprietary firms, Non- Government Organizations (NGOs), Self Help
28

Groups (SHGs), Companies, Corporations, Cooperatives, Cooperative Marketing Federations, Local bodies, Agricultural Produce Market Committees & Marketing Boards and State Governments. In Punjab, this work is entrusted to PSAMB. Cost of land in infrastructure projects will be restricted to 10 percent of the project cost in rural areas and 20 percent in Municipal areas. The entrepreneur will not alienate the land during the period of the loan for any purpose other than the purpose for which the project is sanctioned. The size of the project will be determined on the basis of economic viability and commercial considerations. The various post harvest infrastructure is developed according to the identified clusters and the outlay is given as per the cluster. 2.9.1 Wholesale/ Terminal Markets

Project based proposals are being prepared in the State to induce investments from private and co-operative sectors in the development of marketing of horticulture commodities. In this context a modern market for fruits and vegetables are planned for Patiala, Ludhiana, and Amritsar. It will strengthen existing horticulture markets including wholesale markets and rural haats. The proposed financial outlay for land and feasibility study is 4 crore for each market, and the total is 12 crores. 2.9.2 Commodity Based Wholesale Market

Commodity based wholesale market yards will be set up during the national horticulture mission. The basic components of the market yards will be Grading, Packing facilities, Cold Storages, pack houses, rest room for drivers, dormitories for buyers, banking and other supporting infrastructure facilities. The proposed outlay will be Rs. 2.00 crores/ market. There will be total four such market, two in Firozpur and 2 in Hoshiarpur. The proposed assistance is credit linked back ended subsidy @ 25 % of the capital cost of the project in general areas and 33.33 % in case of hilly and tribal area. 2.9.3 Market led Extension, awareness, training and evaluation services

To educate and update the field functionaries and farmers on latest and new trends in the National and International advance packing specification market i.e. Quality management , Good Manufacturing Processing (GMP), Hazard Analysis Critical control Point (HACCP), Tractability and etc. financial assistance on actual basis (100% of actual

project cost .) is proposed for this component. Proposed financial outlay is 20.00 lakh for year 2005-06.
29

2.9.4

Quality & Residue Analysis laboratory

The quality & residue analysis/ testing facility is proposed to be provided in Punjab Horticultural Post Harvest Technology Centre of PAU at Ludhiana during 2005-06 with an estimated cost of Rs. 20 Lakhs/-. Details of the facility to be developed are as under: Strengthening of quality and residue analysis lab Processing laboratory Microbial analysis Packaging equipment Building infrastructure Scientist & other Technical Staff Contingency Expenses 2.10 Innovative technology Under the innovative technology de bittering plant for citrus is proposed. The estimated financial outlay of this plant is Rs. 2.00 crores @ 100 % assistance from National Horticulture Mission. This plant will be helpful in developing the processing industry in the state. 2.11 Mission Management For the success of the NHM as envisaged it is necessary that Mission HQ is strengthened with quality manpower including technical services, data base development, use of IT, development of software and procurement of requisite hard wares, hiring and if necessary purchase of vehicles, engagement of personnel on contract .It might be necessary at some time to collaborate with international agencies. A provision of Rs 1250 Lakhs has been made in the year 2005-06 For management of NHM, a separate State level Horticulture Mission will be established District Level Mission Committees and Block/Village Level committees will also be established. The state level mission and district/block level committees will have to be supported with additional manpower. The manpower will be engaged strictly on contract basis on merit. Separate technical support group will be constituted, which will help the Mission Director are in managing its activities and also preparation and scrutiny of the project. The Director of Horticulture or any other suitable person with adequate technical qualification and experience will be appointed as Mission Director.

30

The State HM would provide funds to the State level organizations for taking up innovative projects in the area of horticulture development, post harvest management, processing and marketing to help promotion of HM activities in the state. 2.11.1 Institutional strengthening and Hire/ Purchase of vehicles The Mission HQ will be strengthened with manpower including hiring of technical services, database development, use of information technology, development of software and procurement of hardware, hiring and if necessary purchase of vehicle, engagement of personnel on contract who can assist in the day to day functioning of the office including driver. Suitable provision for the same for office of Director (Horticulture) is also included. Proposed financial outlay is 200.00 lakh for year 2005-06. 2.11.2 Collaboration with International Agencies Attempts will be made to collaborate with the International agencies like FAO, World Bank, Asian Development Bank etc, for taking up programme for the development of horticulture. To organize study tours and to organize training programmes the NHM, the funds for this purpose are earmarked in the Annual Action Plan. Proposed financial outlay is 100.00 lakh for year 2005-06. 2.11.3 Monitoring and Evaluation State HM would engage reputed agencies which will work in close association with the concerned official of state Govt. and P.A.U., Ludhiana. This agency will also undertake concurrent monitoring and end term evaluation and submit its monitoring report on quarterly basis and evaluation report by the end of Xth plan. A monitoring and evaluation unit will be established at the university which will play pivotal role in conducting monitoring and evaluation studies in an efficient manner. 2.12 Innovative Strategy for Marketing Horticulture scenario assumes greater significance from the point of view of fruit utilization since consumption of fruits and vegetables in the state is quite high as compared to other parts of the country. The state also produces export oriented fruits and vegetables and has Agri Export Zone. But lacks the perishable cargoes facilities for exports at the airport. A great need for modernization of structure is required in order to be competitive enough. Hence, APEDA conducted a feasibility study and worked out that a total of Rs 1825 lakh will be required for development of infrastructure and other facilities at the airport. It is proposed that 100 % assistance would be provided under National Horticulture Mission under the new programme of special gateway for exports in North India.
31

2.13 Agri Export Zone The state has Agri- export zone for potatoes and vegetables. Seeds are supplied from this zone to the contract farmers who are growing vegetables in 500 acres of land. Under the mission more emphasis will be given to modernization and setting of processing units in order to be competitive enough. Up gradation of the existing AEZ will be undertaken under the various projects of horticulture products. Increase in exportable production will be the main objective under the mission.

32

PROPOSAL FOR ASSISTANCE UNDER NHM 2005-06, PUNJAB (Rs in lakh)

Sr. No. A. Programme RESEARCH Estimated Cost Proposed assistance Research needs of Punjab will be submitted to Central Government Institutes under ICAR, CSIR and others through SAUs to take up need based research and development works Phy Fin

B. 1

PLANTATION INFRASTRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT Production of planting material a) Public sector i. Model nursery (4 ha) ii, Small Nursery (1 ha.) iii. Rehab of existing Tissue culture units b) Private sector i. Model nursery (4 ha) ii. Nursery (1 ha.) iv. Tisue culture Lab Sub-total c. Vegetable seed production a. Public Sector ( SAUs & State Depts.BSSC.) d. Seed infrastructure a. Public sector b. Privates sector Sub-total Project based Rs. 5.00 laks / small unit Rs. 2 lakh/unit 10 25 50.00 50.00 225.00 Rs. 18.00 lakh/unit Rs. 3.00 lakh per unit Rs. 4.00 lakhs/ unit Credit linked back ended subsidy 50% of cost limited to Rs. 1.50 lakh/nursey Maximum of Rs, 4.00 lakh/unit 2 1 1 18.00 1.50 4.00 76.50 Rs. 18.00 lakh/unit Rs. 3.00 lakh per unit Rs. 8.00 lakh/unit Maximum of Rs. 18.00 lakh per nursery Maximum of Rs. 3.00 lakh per nursery Maximum of Rs, 8.00 lakh/unit 2 3 1 36.00 9.00 8.00

Rs. 50,000 per ha

100% of cost

250

125.00

Establishment of new gardens (ha.) i. Fruits (Perennials) ia- Perennials iii Rejuventation / productivity enhancement Rs. 30,000/ha (average) Rs. 22500/ha 50% of the total cost subject to limit of Rs. 15,000/ha to a limit of 2 ha 1430 3,350 321.75 502.50

Sub-total iii. Flowers

33

824.25

a) Cut Flowers 1. Small scale/ marginal farmers 2. Other farmers 50 % of the cost max. to Rs. 35,000/ha @ 2 ha / beneficiary 33 % max. to Rs. 23100/ha limited to 4 ha/ beneficiary 50 % of the cost max. to Rs. 45,000/ha @ 2 ha / beneficiary 33 % max. to Rs. 29700/ha limited to 4 ha/ beneficiary 50 % of the cost max. to Rs. 12,000/ha @ 2 ha / beneficiary 33 % max. to Rs. 7920/ha limited to 4 ha/ beneficiary Rs. 15,000/ha ( average) 75 % of the cost subject to a maximum of Rs. 11,250/ha limited to 4 ha per beneficiary 50 17.50

50

11.55

b) Bulbous Flowers 1. Small scale/ marginal farmers 2. Other farmers 50 22.50

50

14.85

c) Loose Flowers 1. Small scale/ marginal farmers 2. Other farmers 50 6.00

50

3.96

Sub-total iv. Spices and Aromatic plants 750

76.36 84.38

Sub-total 3 Protected cultivation 1. Green House (Hitech) a. Small & Marginal Farmers Rs. 650/ Sq. m 50% of the cost limited to max of Rs.325/Sq.m for hi-tech GH maximum of 1000 Sq.m./beneficiary 50% of the cost limited to max ofRs.125/Sq.for normal GH maximum of 1000 Sq.m./beneficiary 50% of the total cost limited to Rs. 7000/ha max. upto 2 ha/beneficiary 50% ofcostmaxof Rs. 3500/ 500 Sq.m max. upto 2 ha/beneficiary 50% of cost max of Rs.5000/1000Sq.m max. upto 0.5 ha 50

84.38

162.50

2. Green House (Normal) a. Small & Marginal Farmers Rs. 250/ Sq. m 50 62.50

3. Mulching

Rs. 14,000/ha

50

3.50

4. ShadeNet

Rs. 14/Sq. m.

150

210.00

5. Plastic Tunnel

Rs. 10 / Sq.m.

600

30.00

Sub-total 4 5 VermiCompost/ Organic farming Pollination through Bee Keeping

468.50 75.00 Rs. 1600/ colony 50% of cost max of Rs. 800/ colony 15 ha 50.00

34

HRD including horticulture institute a) Farmers training b) Officers training c) Study Tour d) Supervisors and Gardeners training e) Entrepreneurs Training f) farmers visits Sub Total

Project based

100% assistance Rs. 1500/- per farmer @ 10000 per participants @ 200000 per participants @ 6000 per participants @ 120 per participants @ 10000 per participants Credit linked back-ended subsidy @ 25% of the capital cost of project in general areas and 33.33 % in case of hilly and tribal areas 500 50 10 120 500 60 60.00 10.00 20.00 86.40 150.00 12.00 116.40

C.

POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT

I. Multi Product Line 2. Cold storage units 3. Ref. Vans/containers 4. Market Intelligence 5. Quality & Residue Analysis laboratory ( upgradation ) Est. of Marketing Infrastructure for horticultural produce in Govt/Private/ Cooperative sector a) Wholesale/Terminal markets ( Land & Feasibility Study b) Commodity based wholesale Market ( citrus) c) Rural Markets/Apni Mandis/Direct Markets d) Functional Infrastructure for collection, grading etc. e) Extension, quality awareness & Market led extension activities for fresh processed products Sub Total Innovative projects including ongoing programme

Project based Rs. 2.00 crore/unit Rs. 24.00 lakh/unit Project based Rs. 20 lakhs/ unit -do-doProject based PAU

2 3 2 1 150.00 12.00 200.00 20.00

upto Rs. 400.00 lakhs Rs. 200.00 lakhs Rs. 15.00 lakh Rs. 15.00 lakh Project based

Credit linked back-ended subsidy @ 25% of the capital cost of project in general areas and 33.33 % in case of hilly and tribal areas do -

1200.00

dodo do 100 % asst.

4 11 33

200.00 41.25 123.75 20.00

1967.00 a) Self employment and Value addition on field (asst. to processor or for common facilities , Self employment in
35

25% of investment

capital

100

150.00

hort.

b) Activities for prmotional measures i) Asst. for participation in Internationl exhibition ii) Meeting chalanges of WTO iii) Strengthening of Hort. Nurseries iv) Udyan Pandit Puraskra v) Horticulture exhibition / shows c) IT based Technology dissemination I) Technology Dissamination ii) Market facilitation centre d) De- Bittering Plant Sub-total MISSION MANAGEMENT (i) State & Districts Mission Strucutre including additional manpower & project preparation cost (ii) Support to cooperatives for infrastrucural requirement (iii) Institutional Strengthening, ire/purchase of vehicles, hardware/software (iv) Technical Support group (TSG)

25.00

60.00

100

300.00 8.50

@ 25000 per show

100

25.00

@ 10 lakh or 50 % @ 10 lakh or 50 % Rs.200.00 lakhs @ 100 %

2 2 1

20.00 20.00 200.00 808.50

5% of total annual expenditure on the basis of appraised needs Project based

300.00

150.00

Project based

200.00

(v) Collaboration with international agencies like FAO, World bank etc. Sub-total TOTAL

Project based subject to a ceiling of Rs. 5 crore per annums Project based subject to a ceiling of Rs. 5 crore per annums

500.00

100.00

1250.00 6021.89

36

Under NHM SPECIAL GATEWAY FOR EXPORT Grand Total

100 % of the project cost 1825.00 7846.89

37