UID: Lesson 03 - User Research & Scenarios

welcome to
USER INTERACTION DESIGN
USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

Lecturer
Itamar Medeiros (Brazil)
BA in Industrial Design;
PgDip in Information Design;
1 /46

Expertise
Multimedia/Web Design,
Photography, Information Design
and Human-Computer Interaction.
CLASSROOM RULES
itamar medeiros

Answer to commands promptly;
No food, no drinks, no games in class;
Always keep your mobile in silent mode;

2 /46
No electronic devices during class-time;

Bring only class related material to class;
LESSON 03:
learning outcome

Students will learn about the importance of
developing a clear understanding of the
characteristics of an interaction design 3 /46
product:

-Understand their users;
-The tasks users perform;
-The user requirement document.

LESSON 03:
content

An introduction on the procedure of
conducting user research;
4 /46
A tutorial on writing scenarios;

An overview on the process of writing an
USER REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENT;
scenarios | 特定情节

A scenario is a description of a person's
interaction with a system.
个人与系统或产品之间的互动描
述。
5 /46

scenarios | 特定情节

A scenario is used to communicate an
idea for a product or experience
involving interactivity.
用于沟通互动活动产品或体验的一 6 /46
个理念。

SCENARIOS
understanding what users do

To write a scenario, you need a basic
understanding of the tasks* to be
supported by the system. You also
need to have an understanding of the
users and the context of use. 7 /46

In order to have this understanding of
the tasks to be supported by the
system, one must perform a task
analysis* before designing that
system.
SCENARIOS
task | 任务

The smallest essential part of a job.
A unit of work activity that is a
logical and necessary action in the
performance of a job.
8 /46
工作中最小的基本部分。工作执行

进程中具有逻辑性和必要性的工作
活动单元。
SCENARIOS
task | 任务

In terms of user interaction, involves the
steps that users take while they are
interacting with a system/product.
就用户交互性而言，任务指用户与 9 /46
系统或产品互动时所涉及的各项步

骤。
SCENARIOS
task analysis | 任务分析

The process of investigating a problem
by breaking down the tasks that
potential users of a system would
do.
10/46
指通过分析有系统的潜在用户

所执行的各项任务来调查某一
问题的过程
SCENARIOS
task analysis | 任务分析

This provides information about
improving the design of tools or
procedures that aid in performing
the task and how features should be
provided. 11/46

提供改善相工具设计或步骤的
信息，有助于执行任务和如何
提供必要的功能或特征
TASK ANALYSIS

Once designers have an understanding
of the tasks to be supported by the
system, they must concentrate on
how to make those task easy to
perform. 12/46

Designers must ensure the system/
product have a high level of
usability*.
TASK ANALYSIS
usability | 用户可用性

According to the ISO 9241, usability
measures the effectiveness*, efficiency*,
and satisfaction* with which specified
users can achieve specified goals in a
particular environment. Synonymous with 13/46
"ease of use".

即具体用户在某一特点环境中可达到
的具体目标的有效性，功效性和满
意度；同义词：“使用的便利性。”
USABILITY
effectiveness | 有效性

Ability to achieve stated goals or
objectives, judged in terms of both
output and impact.
以输出和影响为标准来判断达到各项 14/46
既定目标或目的的能力。

USABILITY
efficiency | 功效度

Skillfulness in avoiding wasted time and
effort; "she did the work with great
efficiency".
避免浪费时间和精力的技能；例如： 15/46
做事十分具有效率。

USABILITY
satisfaction | 满意度

The human experience of being filled and
enriched by their experience.
人类在体验过程中所获得收获和满足
感的程度。
16/46

USABILITY MEASURES
iso 9241

For practical evaluation:
Time to learn;
Speed of performance;
17/46
Rate of errors by users;

Retention over time;
Subjective satisfaction.
USABILITY MEASURES
time to learn

How long does it take for typical members
of the user community to learn how to
use the actions relevant to a set of tasks?
18/46

USABILITY MEASURES
speed of performance

How long does it take to carry out the
benchmark* tasks?
19/46

USABILITY MEASURES
benchmark | 基准

A standard set by the best existing
practice, product or service. A standard
by which something can be measured
or judged.
20/46
由最好的现行做法、产品或服务而设

定的某一标准。标准可用来衡量或
判断某项事物。
USABILITY MEASURES
benchmark | 基准

Benchmarking is the process of comparing
performance against that of others in
an effort to identify areas for
improvement.
21/46
基准衡量是一个对于不同性能进行比

较的过程，以定出可以进行改善
的方方面面。
USABILITY MEASURES
rate of errors by users

How many and what kinds of errors* do
people make in carrying out the
benchmark tasks?
22/46

USABILITY MEASURES
error | 过失

Failure of a planned action to be
completed as intended or use of a wrong
plan to achieve an aim;
某项举措没有按照计来完成或采用 23/46
一个错误的计来完成某一目标；

USABILITY MEASURES
retention over time

How long after users perform a task they
can still remember how to do them?
One hour? One day? One week?
24/46

USABILITY MEASURES
subjective satisfaction

How much does the user enjoys using the
various aspects of the system?
25/46

USABILITY MOTIVATIONS

As designers, we must always be aware of
the users needs and wants for any given
system: different users might have
different expectations* regarding a
particular system; 26/46

Different systems might have different
uses, therefore, users might have
different motivations* for using them.
expectations | 期望值

Belief about (or mental models of ) the
functioning and feedback of a system/
product which the users consciously or
unconsciously expects to see.
27/46
对于用户有意识或无意识地所期望看

到的对于某一系统或产品具有的功
能和反馈（或者智力模式）的信
心。
motivations | 动机

The reason(s) behind the users' actions
which causes them to react or act in the
way they do.
导致用户以某方式反应或行动的背 28/46
后动因。

Life-Critical systems

Applications
air traffic, nuclear reactors, military,
emergency dispatch
Requirements/Needs
29/46
reliability and effective (even under stress)

Not as important
cost, long training, satisfaction, retention
Industrial and Commercial Use

Applications
banking, insurance, inventory,
reservations.
Requirements/Needs 31/46
short training, ease of use/learning,

multiple languages, adapt to local
cultures, multiplatform, speed.
Office, Home, and Entertainment

Applications
E-mail, games, education, search engines,
cell phones/PDA
Requirements/Needs 33/46
Ease of learning/use/retention, error rates,

satisfaction
Difficulties
cost, size.
ACTIVITY #4
usability motivations

1. Each group must analyze their own
product and identify which
category does it fit in:
life-critical system;
industrial/commercial use; 35/46
office, home & entertainment.

2. According to the personas created last
week, identify the users’
expectations and motivations.
SCENARIOS
how to write one?

The designer shows and/or tells an
engaging short story, about a
fictitious person using the interactive
product or interacting with the
"smart" architectural space, artwork, 36/46
or virtual environment (from a web

page to immersive virtual reality
experience).
SCENARIOS
how to write one?

To write a scenario, describe in simple
language the interaction that needs
to take place.
It is important to avoid references to 37/46
technology, except where it

represents a design constraint that
must be acknowledged.
SCENARIOS
example
scenario
It's Friday afternoon; Joe is in Shanghai and he

is flying back to Sydney. He doesn't have
enough money for a taxi to the airport, and
he's running late.
He goes to the nearest ATM to withdraw

money, so that he can pay the taxi.
SCENARIOS
example
scenario needs
It's Friday afternoon; Joe is in Shanghai and he ease of use

is flying back to Sydney. He doesn't have
enough money for a taxi to the airport, and multiple
he's running late.
languages
He goes to the nearest ATM to withdraw
money, so that he can pay the taxi. speed
SCENARIOS
example
behavior
Joe goes to the nearest ATM and inserts his bank

card; the machine asks what language he
wishes to get served with (English/Chinese)
He identifies himself, by typing his password.
He specifies that he wants $100 from his savings

account. He'd like the money in $20 notes so
that he can give the taxi driver the correct
change.
He doesn't want a printed receipt, as he doesn't

bother keeping track of transactions in this
account.
SCENARIOS
example
behavior features
Joe goes to the nearest ATM and inserts his bank

card; the machine asks what language he select language
wishes to get served with (English/Chinese)
He identifies himself, by typing his password. input password
He specifies that he wants $100 from his savings withdraw

account. He'd like the money in $20 notes so select account
that he can give the taxi driver the correct specify change
change.
He doesn't want a printed receipt, as he doesn't

bother keeping track of transactions in this print receipt
account.
ACTIVITY #5
scenarios

Create 3 (three) scenarios -- one for
each persona you’ve created--
according to the template handed in
class;
42/46
The Scenarios must include:

-Scenario description;
-User needs;
-System/product features;
-User behavior.
LESSON 03:
summary

In today’s class, we’ve covered:
Conducting user research:

-Tasks & Task Analysis;
43/46
Usability:

Definition, Measures,
Motivations and Expectations;
Scenarios:
-How to write one;
HOMEWORK [ GROUPS ]
interactive products

1. In your groups, write -- at least -- 3 (three)
scenarios for each persona created last
week: 9 (nine) scenarios.
2. Each scenario must include -- at least -- 44/46
1 (one) different feature:

9 (nine) features.
HOMEWORK [ INDIVIDUAL ]
sketchbook

1. Choose 5 (five) words marked with asterisks
(*) you’ve seen in this class and create 5 (five)
posters -- one for each word -- on separate
pages of your sketchbook;
45/46
2. Each poster must include:

-The word chosen, with its English definition;
-3 (three) pictures;
-2 (two) websites;
-Your comments/impressions of the definition.
HOMEWORK [ INDIVIDUAL ]
tags
TDFOBSJPT

UBTLT
UBTLBOBMZTJT
FõFDUJWFOFTT
FöDJFODZ
VTBCJMJUZ 46/46
TBUJTGBDUJPO

CFODINBSLJOH
FYQFDUBUJPOT
NPUJWBUJPOT
FSSPS

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welcome to

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

No food, no drinks, no games in class;

Always keep your mobile in silent mode;

No electronic devices during class-time;

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

-The tasks users perform;

-The user requirement document.

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

Rate of errors by users;

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

某项举措没有按照计 来完成或采用 23/46

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

USER INTERACTION DESIGN

USER RESEARCH & SCENARIOS

UID: Lesson 03 - User Research & Scenarios

UID: Lesson 03 - User Research & Scenarios

某项举措没有按照计来完成或采用 23/46

导致用户以某方式反应或行动的背 28/46