AU Powerlab

USER REFERENCE MANUAL

FOR
FORMATION OF NETWORK MATRICES -
Y-Z BUS SOLUTION
AND
ZBUS BUILDING ALGORITHM
DOCUMENT NO. ANNM – URM – 1.0

MAY 2004
ANNA UNIVERSITY
CHENNAI - 600 025
 CONTENTS

Page No.

1. ABOUT THE PROGRAM

1.1 Introduction 1-1

1.2 Utility of the Program 1-1

1.3 Features of the Program 1-1

1.3.1 Methods used 1-1
1.3.2 Computational details 1-2
1.3.3 Program capability 1-2

2. GETTING STARTED

2.1 Introduction 2-1

2.2 Opening the Menu Screen 2-1
2.3 Operations Using the Menu Screen 2-3

2.3.1 Creation of a new data file 2-4

2.3.2 Modifying an existing data file 2-5
2.3.3 Selecting a file for running the program 2-6
2.3.4 Running the program 2-6
2.3.5 Viewing output file 2-6
2.3.6 Manual 2-7
2.3.7 Exit 2-7

3. DETAILS OF INPUT

3.1 Data Requirements 3-1

3.2 Input Through Console 3-1
3.3 Input Through File 3-3
3.4 Data for the Z-Bus Building Algorithm Module 3-6

4. SAMPLE SYSTEM STUDY

4.1 Single-line diagram and data 4-1

4.2 Sample input data file 4-1
4.3 Sample output file 4-1
ANNEXURES

I 6-BUS, 7-LINE POWER SYSTEM A-1

II Input data file for Y-Z BUS SOLUTION / A-3

Z BUS BUILDING ALGORITHM

III Interactive queries and user response for Y-Z BUS A-4
SOLUTION

IV Output for Y-Z BUS SOLUTION A-5

V Output for Z BUS BUILDING ALGORITHM A-8

 CHAPTER 1 ABOUT THE PROGRAM

1.1 Introduction
Bus admittance matrix Y and bus impedance matrix Z are two important network
matrices which find applications in many power system planning and operational
planning studies. Y matrix finds application in load flow and optimal load flow analysis
as well as stability analysis. Z matrix finds application in short circuit analysis. There
are two sub-modules under the module ‘Formation of Network Matrices’. They are

i. Y-Z BUS SOLUTION

ii. Z - BUS BUILDING ALGORITHM

1.2 Utility of the Program

Both the modules require parameters of transmission lines, transformers and shunt
elements as input data. The first module Y-Z BUS SOLUTION can carry out the
following computations:

i. Formation of Y matrix
ii. Modification of Y matrix for removal of a
(a) transmission line
(b) transformer
(c) shunt element

iii. Factorising Y matrix and computing using ‘repeat solutions’

(a) certain specified columns of Z matrix
(b) the full Z matrix

iv. Factorising Y matrix and carrying out network solution to obtain bus voltages,
given the bus current injection vector.

The second module Z-BUS BUILDING ALGORITHM directly forms the Z matrix
using the ‘Building Algorithm’.

1.3 Features of the Program

1.3.1 Methods used

Module Y-Z BUS SOLUTION uses the ‘TWO-RULE METHOD’ (refer Lab Manual)
for forming Y matrix which reads one element (line/transformer/shunt element) at a
time and updates the matrix. For determination of certain columns of Z matrix, or the
full Z matrix and for carrying out network solution, the Y matrix is decomposed into
triangular factors using the L-U factorisation method, and ‘repeat solutions’ are carried
out using these L-U factors.

Module Z - BUS BUILDING ALGORITHM uses the Building Algorithm (refer lab
Manual) for formation of Z matrix which scans the list of lines / transformers / shunt
elements, one element at-a-time, and updates the partial Z matrix to take into account the
contribution due to branch or link.

1-1
1.3.2 Computational details

Y matrix for large power systems is highly sparse and can be built, stored and
manipulated as a single dimensional array using sparsity – oriented techniques. In the
module Y-Z BUS SOLUTION, sparsity is not exploited and the Y matrix is stored and
manipulated as a two dimensional array.

1.3.3 Program capability

Modules Y-Z BUS SOLUTION and Z BUS BUILDING ALGORITHM are capable of
analysing systems with a maximum of 100 buses, 200 lines / transformers, and 30 shunt
elements and has been mainly developed for laboratory environment to check the
validity of the program developed by the student in the laboratory.

1-2
 CHAPTER 2 GETTING STARTED

2.1 Introduction
This chapter describes the procedure for accessing the specific program modules Y-Z
BUS SOLUTION and Z-BUS BUILDING ALGORITHM in the AU Powerlab Software
Package. Both these modules have features for creating new data file, editing already
stored sample system data, running the program and viewing the results. The details of
the procedure to use the features are given in the following sections.

2.2 Opening the Menu Screen

1. Click the AU Powerlab icon on the desktop, then a window carrying Anna
University frontage will appear on the screen and will disappear within few seconds.
Then the Student Log-on Window will appear (Fig 2.1)

Fig 2.1 Student Log-on Window

2. Enter the student information in the respective boxes. After entering all
information, click Enter button. Then the Opening Window for AU Powerlab will
appear (Fig 2.2)

3. Click the button ‘Formation of Network Matrices’ in the Opening Window. Then
another window containing the title of the sub-modules in ‘Formation of Network
Matrics will appear (Fig 2.3)

2-1
 Fig 2.2 Opening Window for AU Powerlab

Fig 2.3 Title of the Modules in Formation of Network Matrices

2-2
4. Click the button ‘Y-Z Bus Solution’ or the button ‘Z -Bus Building Algorithm’
depending upon the module you require. Then the Menu Screen for this module
will appear (Fig 2.4). The following are the operations that can be performed
under this module:

Fig 2.4 Menu Screen for Y-Z Solution

i. Create New File

ii. Modify Existing File
iii. Select File For Running
iv. Run
v. View Output
vi. Manuals
vii. Exit

The operations Run and View Output will be enabled only after the operation ‘ Select
File For Running’ is carried out.

2.3 Operations Using the Menu Screen

The details of operations that can be performed using the Menu Screen are given below.

2-3
2.3.1 Creation of a new data file
1. Click the ‘Create New File’ button. Then the window for entering the file name will
appear (Fig. 2.5). Enter the file name (maximum 8 alphameric characters) and then
click ok. The text editor (wordpad) window will appear ( Fig 2.6)

Fig. 2.5 Window for Entering File Name

Fig 2.6 Text Editor (Word Pad) Window

2-4
2. Enter the input data in the same sequence as given in chapter three.

3. After entering all the input data, save the file, close the text editor window and
control will return to Menu Screen.

4. If the complete data could not be entered in one sitting, then the file created with
partial data can be saved. The remaining data can be entered in the next sitting by
accessing the saved file using the procedure explained in the next section.

2.3.2 Modifying an existing data file

1. Click ‘Modify Existing File’ button in the Menu Screen, Then the File-Open
Dialogue Window will appear (Fig 2.7).

Fig 2.7 File - Open Dialogue Window

2. Select the desired file and then click open. The desired data file appears on the
wordpad. (Fig 2.8). The necessary modifications are carried out and the modified
file is saved either in the original name or in a new file name. Then close the text
editor window.

2-5
 Fig 2.8 The Desired Data File

2.3.3 Selecting a file for running the program

Click ‘Select File for Running ’ button. Then th e File - Open Dialogue Window will
appear (Fig 2.7). Select the required file and click open button. Then the control will
return to Menu Screen. Now the run and View Output buttons will be enabled.

2.3.4 Running the program

1. Click Run button. Then the module ‘Y-Z Bus Solution’ or the ‘Z -Bus Building
Algorithm as the case may be, will be executed and a message ‘Stop - program
terminated’ will appear. Close the DOS prompt window by entering ‘Exit’. Then
the control will return to Menu Screen.

2.3.5 Viewing Output File

Click, View Output button. The output file will appear in a text editor. A print of this
result can be taken if desired. When this window is closed, the control will return to
Menu Screen.

2-6
2.3.6 Manual

Click the Manual button. A drop-down menu with buttons, ‘Lab Manual’ and ‘User
Reference Manual’ will appear. Click either of the buttons to view the relevant part of
the respective Manual.

2.3.7 Exit

To quit from the operations performed under the Menu Screen click Exit button

2-7
 CHAPTER 3 DETAILS OF INPUT

3.1 Data Requirement

The data required for the module Y-Z BUS SOLUTION can be broadly classified into
the following two groups.

i. Data to be fed through console:

General information regarding the specific operations to be carried out from among the
many operations that can be performed using the module are to be entered through the
console as and when interactive queries appear on the console while executing the
module. The details are given in section 3.2

ii. Data to be fed through a stored data file:

Before running the module, a data file should be created containing all the required data
and in the specified sequence given in section 3.3. This file can be created using the
editor facility as explained in chapter 2.

Before keying in the data file it is preferable to compile the following data from the
single-line diagram and data of the power system to be studied:

(a) System data

(b) Transmission line data
(c) Transformer data
(d) Shunt capacitor / reactor data
(e) Bus current data (required only for network solution)

The user is urged to refer to chapter 4 on sample system study for illustration.

3.2 Input Through Console

When the module is run on the computer, a number of interactive queries appear on the
screen, requiring the response (YES, NO) of the user. The user should enter ‘y’ for
YES and ‘n’ for NO followed by tapping ‘Return’ key. For other queries requiring Id
numbers of elements, the user should enter the corresponding numbers.

The details of queries that appear on the screen, and the sequence in which they appear
are given below along with the required explanation.

Statement 1: ‘IS LINE DATA IN PER UNIT? (YES: y, NO: n)’

control goes to statement 2

Statement 2: “DO YOU WANT YBUS ONLY? (YES: y, NO: n)’

If the user wants extra computations such as Y bus modification or network solution or
ZBUS, then key in ‘n’

3-1
If YES, control goes to statement 18
If NO, control goes to statement 3

Statement 3: ‘DO YOU WANT YBUS MODIFICATION? (YES: y, NO: n)’

If YES, control goes to statement 10

If NO, control goes to statement 4

Statement 4: ‘DO YOU WANT NETWORK SOLUTION? (YES: y, NO: n)

If YES control goes to statement 9
If NO control goes to statement 5

Statement 5: ‘DO YOU WANT COLUMNS OF ZBUS? (YES: y, NO: n)’

If YES control goes to statement 7
If NO control goes to statement 6

Statement 6: ‘DO YOU WANT FULL Z BUS? (YES: y, NO: n)’

IF YES control goes to statement 9
If No control goes to statement 17

Statement 7: ‘HOW MANY COLUMNS OF ZBUS REQUIRED?’

(Enter the number of columns required)
control goes to statement 8

Statement 8: ‘TYPE THE ID NUMBERS OF REQUIRED COLUMNS’

(Enter the ID numbers of required columns)
control goes to statement 9

Statement 9: ‘DO YOU WANT DETAILS OF FACTORISATION AND SOLUTION?

(YES: y, No: n)
control goes to statement 18

Statement 10: ‘DO YOU WANT LINE REMOVAL? (YES: y, NO: n)’
If YES control goes to statement 13
If NO control goes to statement 11

Statement 11: ‘DO YOU WANT TRANSFORMER REMOVAL? (YES: y, No: n)’
If YES control goes to statement 14
If NO control goes to statement 12

Statement 12: ‘DO YOU WANT SHUNT ELEMENT TO BE REMOVED?

(YES: y, NO: n)’
If YES, control goes to statement 15
If NO, control goes to statement 16

Statement 13: ‘TYPE ID NO OF LINE TO BE REMOVED’

control goes to statement 18

3-2
Statement 14: ‘TYPE ID NO OF TRANSFORMER TO BE REMOVED’
control goes to Statement 18

Statement 15: ‘TYPE ID NO OF SHUNT ELEMENT TO BE REMOVED’

control goes to statement 18

Statement 16: ‘YOU HAVE NOT UTILIZED ANY OF THE MODIFICATION

FEATURES. MAKE UP YOUR MIND AND RERUN THE PROGRAM’

‘Stop - Program Terminated’

Statement 17: ‘YOU HAVE NOT UTILIZED ANY OF THE FACILITIES. MAKE UP
YOUR MIND AND RUN THE PROGRAM AGAIN’

‘Stop - Program Terminated’

Statement 18: (The program proceeds to compute YBUS and other relevant
computations)
Stop-Program Terminated.

By running the Y-Z Bus Solution Module once, any one of the following combination
of computations can be performed:
i. Y bus only
ii. Y bus and modification of Y bus for removal of a transmission line
iii. Y bus and modification of Y bus for removal of a transformer
iv. Y bus and modification of Y bus for removal of a shunt element
v. Y bus and network solution for V, given I using L-U factors of Y
bus.
vi. Y bus and certain specified columns of Z bus
vii. Y bus and full Z bus

3.3 Input Through File

The data file to be created should contain the following groups of data in the sequence
indicated. As the data is to be read in free format, each data should be separated by a
blank or comma

Group 1: Student information

This group consists of the following six subgroups
(i) Title of Experiment
(ii) Case Title
(iii) Name of the student
(iv) Roll Number of student
(v) Semester Number
(vi) Date of experiment

The sub - group (i) consists of two lines of data, character string (upto 80 character per
line) bearing the title of the experiment

3-3
Each one of the sub - groups (ii) to (vi) consists of one line of data, character string
(upto 80 characters) bearing the respective information

Group 2: System data

System data consists of one line of data as shown below:

1 2 3 4 5

INTEGER REAL

where

1: Number of buses
2: Number of transmission line
3: Number of transformers
4: Number of shunt elements (capacitor / reactor)
5: Base MVA of the system

Group 3: Transmission line data

This group consists of one line of data for each transmission line as shown below, either
(a) or (b)

(a) If Line parameters are given in per unit:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

INTEGER REAL

where
1: ID Number of the line
2: ID number of the sending end bus of the line
3: ID number of the receiving end bus of the line
4: Resistance of the line in per unit
5: Reactance of the line in per unit
6: Half-line charging susceptance in per unit
7: Rating of the line in MVA

(b) If Line parameters are given in fundamental units:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

INTEGER REAL

3-4
Where
1: ID number of the line
2: ID number of the sending end bus of the line
3: ID number of the receiving end bus of the line
4: Resistance of the line in ohm per kilometre length
5: Reactance of the line in ohm per kilometre length

6: Half-line changing susceptance in milli siemens per kilometre length

7: Rating of the line in MVA
8: Rated voltage of the line in kv
9: Length of the line in kilometre

Either of the above sets of data can be used depending on the availability of data.
However, the user’s response to the interactive query ‘IS LINE DATA IN PER UNIT?’
should match the data set chosen.

Group 4: Transformer data:

This group consists of one line of data for each transformer as shown below:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

INTEGER REAL

where
1: ID number of the transformer
2: ID number of the tap side bus of the transformer
3: ID number of the non-tap side bus of the transformer
4: Resistance of the transformer in per unit
5: Reactance of the transformer in per unit
6: Off-nominal tap ratio
7:Rating of the transformer in MVA

Group 5: Shunt element (Capacitor / Reactor) data

This group consists of one line of data for each shunt element as shown below:

1 2 3

INTEGER REAL

where
1: ID number of the shunt element
2: ID number of the bus to which the element is connected
3: Rated capacity in MVA
(Positive for capacitor and negative for reactor)
3-5
Group 6: Bus current data
This group is required only for network solution. With the number of system buses
taken as NB, the dimension of the bus current vector is NB. Each element of this vector
is a complex variable. For example, the bus current vector for a 6 bus system is read
row-wise as shown below.

1 2

………………

11 12

where
1: Real part of current injection at bus 1, in per unit
2: Imaginary part of current injection at bus 1, in per unit
…………………………………………………………

11: Real part of current injection at bus 6, in per unit

12: Imaginary part of current injection at bus 6, in per unit

3.4 Data for the Z-Bus building Algorithm Module

Data requirement for the Z-BUS BUILDING ALGORITHM module is the same as that
for Y-Z BUS SOLUTION MODULE. The data file to be created for Z-BUS
BUILDING ALGORITHM Module is a subset of the data file given in section in 3.3.
The data groups 1 to 5 are included but group 6 is excluded.

The input data through console to be given for the Z-BUS BUILDING ALGORITHM
module is only statement 1 given in section 3.2

3-6
 CHAPTER 4 SAMPLE SYSTEM STUDY

4.1 Single-line Diagram and Data

Single-line diagram and data of a 6-bus 7-line power system taken up for sample system
study are given in Annexure I.

In the single-line diagram, the buses, lines, transformers and shunt elements are
numbered serially and these ID numbers are used in the preparation of data. The
transmission line data, transformer data, and shunt element data in Annexure I are used
for creating data file in the sequence given in section 3.3

4.2 Sample Input Data File

The sample input data file prepared for running module Y-Z Solution is given in
Annexure – II. This data can be used for all options except for network solution. For
network solution, bus current data should be added to this data. The interactive queries
appeared on the screen and the response of the user while running the Y-Z BUS
SOLUTION module for forming YBUS and ZBUS using the data file in Annexure II is
given in Annexure III.

4.3 Sample Output File

The output file generated by running the Y-Z BUS SOLUTION module is given in
Annexure IV. The output consists of YBUS formed, LU factors of YBUS and ZBUS
obtained through repeat solution using the LU factors of YBUS. The validity of the
ZBUS obtained is checked by showing that the product of YBUS and ZBUS is unity
matrix.

The Z-Bus Building Algorithm module was run using the same input file in Annexure
II. The output file obtained is given in Annexure V. The ZBUS matrix obtained using
building algorithm (Annexure V) can be checked to be the same as that obtained using
Y-Z Bus Solution (Annexure IV)

4-1
 ANNEXURE I 6-BUS, 7-LINE POWER SYSTEM

Single-Line Diagram

Slack S1
G
3 4
L1 L4
1

L5
L2 L3
T2 T1

5 6 2
a:1 S2 1:a
G

Data for the System

Buses : 6, numbered serially from 1 to 6

Lines : 5, numbered serially from L1 to L5
Transformers : 2, numbered serially as T1 and T2
Shunt Load : 2, numbered serially as S1 and S2
Base MVA : 100

Transmission Line Data:

Line ID. Send Bus Receive Resist Reactance Suscept. Rating

No No. Bus No. P.U P.U. B/2 P.U MVA
1 1 3 0.01 0.030 0.000 60.0
2 1 5 0.05 0.180 0.005 40.0
3 2 4 0.03 0.080 0.005 60.0
4 3 4 0.02 0.035 0.0 60.0
5 3 5 0.04 0.150 0.0 40.0

Transformer Data:

Transformer Send (*) Receive Resist. Reactance Tap Ratio Rating

ID.No Bus No. Bus No. P.U P.U. MVA
1 2 6 0.0 0.06 1.02 60.0
2 5 6 0.0 0.08 1.01 60.0

(*) Note: Tap side bus of the transformer should be taken as the sending end bus.
 A-1

Shunt Element Data:

Shunt ID No. Bus ID. No. Rated Capacity

MVAR (*)
1 4 0.5
2 6 0.5

(*) Note: Sign for capacitor : +ve

Sign for inductor : -ve

P-V Bus Data (1 slack bus; Remaining P-V buses)

Bus ID Generation, MW Demand Gen. Limit Scheduled

No. MVAR Volt (p.u)
Schedule Max Min MW MVAR Max Min
1 ? 200 40 0.0 0.0 100.0 -50.0 1.02
2 80.0 100 20 0.0 0.0 50.0 -25.0 1.02

P-Q Bus Data

Bus ID No Demand Volt. Mag.

MW MVAR Assumed (p.u)
3 10.0 5.0 1.0
4 57.7 30.0 1.0
5 20.0 15.0 1.0
6 25.0 15.0 1.0
 A-2
ANNEXURE II Input data file for Y-Z BUS SOLUTION / Z BUS
BUILDING ALGORITHM

FORMATION OF NETWORK MATRICES AND SOLUTION OF NETWORKS

YZSOL MODULE - FOR USER REFERENCE MANUAL
6-BUS 7-LINES SYSTEM BASE CASE
SARAVANAN
200031124
VII
29 APRIL 2004
6 5 2 2 100.0
1 1 3 0.010 0.030 0.000 60.0
2 1 5 0.050 0.180 0.005 40.0
3 2 4 0.030 0.080 0.005 60.0
4 3 4 0.020 0.035 0.000 60.0
5 3 5 0.040 0.150 0.000 40.0
1 2 6 0.000 0.060 1.020 60.0
2 5 6 0.000 0.080 1.010 60.0
1 4 0.5
2 6 0.5
 A-3
ANNEXURE III Interactive queries and user response for
Y-Z BUS SOLUTION
 A-4
ANNEXURE IV Output for YZ BUS SOLUTION

STUDENT INFORMATION
-------------------

TITLE OF EXPERIMENT:
FORMATION OF NETWORK MATRICES AND SOLUTION OF NETWORKS
YZSOL MODULE - FOR USER REFERENCE MANUAL

CASE TITLE:
6-BUS 7-LINES SYSTEM BASE CASE

NAME OF THE STUDENT/USER:

SARAVANAN

ROLL NUMBER:
200031124

SEMESTER:
VII

DATE OF EXPERIMENT:
20 APRIL 2004

SYSTEM DATA
-----------

NO OF BUSES : 6 NO OF TRANSMISSION LINES: 5

NO OF TRANSFORMERS : 2 NO OF SHUNT ELEMENTS : 2
SYSTEM BASE MVA : 100.00

TRANSMISSION LINE DATA

LNO SBUS RBUS R_IN_PU X_IN_PU HBC_IN_PU RAT

1 1 3 .0100 .0300 .0000 60.0000

2 1 5 .0500 .1800 .0050 40.0000
3 2 4 .0300 .0800 .0050 60.0000
4 3 4 .0200 .0350 .0000 60.0000
5 3 5 .0400 .1500 .0000 40.0000

TRANSFORMER DATA

TNO SBUS RBUS R_IN_PU X_IN_PU TAP_IN_PU RAT

1 2 6 .0000 .0600 1.0200 60.0000

2 5 6 .0000 .0800 1.0100 60.0000

SHUNT CAP/REACTOR DATA

SNO BNO SHUNT_CL BASE KV

1 4 .5000
2 6 .5000
 A-5

RESULTS OF STUDY
----------------

BUS ADMITTANCE MATRIX-ROWWISE

ROW NUMBER: 1
( 11.4327, -35.1526)( .0000, .0000)( -10.0000, 30.0000)( .0000, .0000)
( -1.4327, 5.1576)( .0000, .0000)(

ROW NUMBER: 2
( .0000, .0000)( 4.1096, -26.9734)( .0000, .0000)( -4.1096, 10.9589)
( .0000, .0000)( .0000, 16.3399)(

ROW NUMBER: 3
( -10.0000, 30.0000)( .0000, .0000)( 23.9674, -57.7625)( -12.3077, 21.5385)
( -1.6598, 6.2241)( .0000, .0000)(

ROW NUMBER: 4
( .0000, .0000)( -4.1096, 10.9589)( -12.3077, 21.5385)( 16.4173, -31.9924)
( .0000, .0000)( .0000, .0000)(

ROW NUMBER: 5
( -1.4327, 5.1576)( .0000, .0000)( -1.6598, 6.2241)( .0000, .0000)
( 3.0924, -23.6304)( .0000, 12.3762)(

ROW NUMBER: 6
( .0000, .0000)( .0000, 16.3399)( .0000, .0000)( .0000, .0000)
( .0000, 12.3762)( .0000, -28.6667)(

LU FACTORS OF YBUS MATRIX - ROWWISE

ROW NUMBER: 1
( 11.4327, -35.1526)( .0000, .0000)( -10.0000, 30.0000)( .0000, .0000)
( -1.4327, 5.1576)( .0000, .0000)(

ROW NUMBER: 2
( .0000, .0000)( 4.1096, -26.9734)( .0000, .0000)( -4.1096, 10.9589)
( .0000, .0000)( .0000, 16.3399)(

ROW NUMBER: 3
( -.8555, -.0063)( .0000, .0000)( 15.2253, -32.1614)( -12.3077, 21.5385)
( -2.9176, 10.6272)( .0000, .0000)(

ROW NUMBER: 4
( .0000, .0000)( -.4198, -.0884)( -.6951, -.0536)( 4.0134, -13.4446)
( -2.5979, 7.2304)( -1.4445, 6.8587)(

ROW NUMBER: 5
( -.1447, .0063)( .0000, .0000)( -.3050, .0537)( -.5468, -.0300)
( .9607, -15.6018)( -.9957, 16.0829)(

ROW NUMBER: 6
( .0000, .0000)( -.5920, .0902)( .0000, .0000)( -.4979, .0412)
( -1.0309, -.0003)( .0052, 1.0601)(
 A-6
BUS IMPEDANCE MATRIX - ROWWISE

ROW NUMBER: 1
( .0190, -.9360)( -.0019, -.9994)( .0118, -.9596)( -.0001, -.9840)
( .0043, -.9743)( .0008, -.9903)(

ROW NUMBER: 2
( -.0019, -.9994)( .0062, -.9649)( -.0025, -.9999)( -.0048, -1.0014)
( .0018, -.9951)( .0043, -.9796)(

ROW NUMBER: 3
( .0118, -.9596)( -.0025, -.9999)( .0135, -.9560)( .0007, -.9816)
( .0032, -.9801)( -.0001, -.9931)(

ROW NUMBER: 4
( -.0001, -.9840)( -.0048, -1.0014)( .0007, -.9816)( .0046, -.9754)
( -.0041, -.9972)( -.0045, -1.0013)(

ROW NUMBER: 5
( .0043, -.9743)( .0018, -.9951)( .0032, -.9801)( -.0041, -.9972)
( .0096, -.9385)( .0051, -.9724)(

ROW NUMBER: 6
( .0008, -.9903)( .0043, -.9796)( -.0001, -.9931)( -.0045, -1.0013)
( .0051, -.9724)( .0047, -.9433)(

PRODUCT OF ZBUS AND YBUS IS UNITY MATRIX

( 1.00, .00)( .00, .00)( .00, .00)( .00, .00)

( .00, .00)( .00, .00)(
( .00, .00)( 1.00, .00)( .00, .00)( .00, .00)
( .00, .00)( .00, .00)(
( .00, .00)( .00, .00)( 1.00, .00)( .00, .00)
( .00, .00)( .00, .00)(
( .00, .00)( .00, .00)( .00, .00)( 1.00, .00)
( .00, .00)( .00, .00)(
( .00, .00)( .00, .00)( .00, .00)( .00, .00)
( 1.00, .00)( .00, .00)(
( .00, .00)( .00, .00)( .00, .00)( .00, .00)
( .00, .00)( 1.00, .00)(
 A-7

ANNEXURE V Output for ZBUS BUILDING ALGORITHM

STUDENT INFORMATION
-------------------

TITLE OF EXPERIMENT:
FORMATION OF NETWORK MATRICES AND SOLUTION OF NETWORKS
YZSOL MODULE - FOR USER REFERENCE MANUAL

CASE TITLE:
6-BUS 7-LINES SYSTEM BASE CASE

NAME OF THE STUDENT/USER:

SARAVANAN

ROLL NUMBER:
200031124

SEMESTER:
VII

DATE OF EXPERIMENT:
20 APRIL 2004

SYSTEM DATA
-----------

NO OF BUSES : 6 NO OF TRANSMISSION LINES: 5

NO OF TRANSFORMERS : 2 NO OF SHUNT ELEMENTS : 2
SYSTEM BASE MVA : 100.00

TRANSMISSION LINE DATA

LNO SBUS RBUS R_IN_PU X_IN_PU HBC_IN_PU RAT

1 1 3 .0100 .0300 .0000 60.0000

2 1 5 .0500 .1800 .0050 40.0000
3 2 4 .0300 .0800 .0050 60.0000
4 3 4 .0200 .0350 .0000 60.0000
5 3 5 .0400 .1500 .0000 40.0000

TRANSFORMER DATA

TNO SBUS RBUS R_IN_PU X_IN_PU TAP_IN_PU RAT

1 2 6 .0000 .0600 1.0200 60.0000

2 5 6 .0000 .0800 1.0100 60.0000

SHUNT CAP/REACTOR DATA

SNO BNO SHUNT_CL BASE KV

1 4 .5000
2 6 .5000

A-8
 LIST OF ORDERED ELEMENTS FOR BUILDING ZBUS

NO. S BUS R BUS IMPEDANCE

1 1 3 .0100 .0300
2 1 5 .0500 .1800
3 2 4 .0300 .0800
4 3 4 .0200 .0350
5 3 5 .0400 .1500
6 2 6 .0000 .0612
7 5 6 .0000 .0808
8 0 1 .0000 -200.0000
9 0 5 .0000 -200.0000
10 0 2 .0000 -200.0000
11 0 4 .0000 -200.0000
12 0 2 .0000 -3.1212
13 0 6 .0000 3.0600
14 0 5 .0000 -8.1608
15 0 6 .0000 8.0800
16 0 4 .0000 -2.0000
17 0 6 .0000 -2.0000

BUS IMPEDANCE MATRIX-ROWWISE

ROW NUMBER: 1
( .01899, -.93604)( -.00193, -.99939)( .01184, -.95957)( -.00011, -.98399)
( .00431, -.97427)( .00076, -.99027)(

ROW NUMBER: 2
( -.00193, -.99939)( .00620, -.96487)( -.00254, -.99993)( -.00484, -1.00140)
( .00176, -.99507)( .00430, -.97957)(

ROW NUMBER: 3
( .01184, -.95957)( -.00254, -.99993)( .01353, -.95602)( .00073, -.98165)
( .00317, -.98012)( -.00008, -.99311)(

ROW NUMBER: 4
( -.00011, -.98399)( -.00484, -1.00140)( .00073, -.98165)( .00460, -.97535)
( -.00409, -.99717)( -.00453, -1.00130)(

ROW NUMBER: 5
( .00431, -.97427)( .00176, -.99507)( .00317, -.98012)( -.00409, -.99717)
( .00955, -.93853)( .00513, -.97238)(

ROW NUMBER: 6
( .00076, -.99027)( .00430, -.97957)( -.00008, -.99311)( -.00453, -1.00130)
( .00513, -.97238)( .00466, -.94327)(

A-9