Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Topologies
Certificate
This is to certify that Mr.Omkar .K. Dhuri has successfully completed his project on the topic Topologies.
Submission date-20/07/2011
Accepted By
External Examiner
Internal Examiner
INDEX
Topic Name
What is topology? Basic Types of Topology Single Node Topology Bus Network Topology Star Network Topology Ring Network Topology Mesh Network Topology Tree Topology Hybrid Topology Conclusion Acknowledgement
3
Page No
4 5 6 6 7 8 9 9 10 12 13
What is Topology?
The virtual shape or structure of a network is referred as topology. It is worth remembering that this virtual design does not correspond to the actual or the physical shape of the computer networks: you could arrange the home network in a circle but it does not replicate Ring Topology. The logical or/and physical connections between nodes could be mapped graphically for determining a network topology. Graph Theory is used for studying network topology: nodes distance, interconnectivity, the rate of transmission and signals types of two networks might vary but their topologies could be identical.
Extended Star: A network that keeps one or more than one repeaters between the central node or hub and the peripheral or the spoke node, supported by the transmitter power of the hub and beyond that supported by the standard of the physical layer of the network. Distributed Star: The topology is based on the linear connectivity that is Daisy Chained with no top or centre level connection points.
Fully Connected: For practical networks such topology is too complex and costly but highly recommended for small number of interconnected nodes. Partially Connected: This set up involves the connection of some nodes to more than one nodes in the network via point-to-point link. In such connection it is possible to take advantage of the redundancy without any complexity or expense of establishing a connection between each node.
Hybrid Topology
Hybrid networks use a combination of any two or more topologies in such a way that the resulting network does not exhibit one of the standard topologies (e.g., bus, star, ring, etc.). For example, a tree network connected to a tree network is still a tree network topology. A hybrid topology is always produced when two different basic network topologies are connected. Two common examples for Hybrid network are: star ring network and star bus network.
10
A Star ring network consists of two or more star topologies connected using a multistation access unit (MAU) as a centralized hub. A Star Bus network consists of two or more star topologies connected using a bus trunk (the bus trunk serves as the network's backbone). While grid networks have found popularity in high-performance computing applications, some systems have used genetic algorithms to design custom networks that have the fewest possible hops in between different nodes. Some of the resulting layouts are nearly incomprehensible, although they function quite well. A Snowflake topology is really a "Star of Stars" network, so it exhibits characteristics of a hybrid network topology but is not composed of two different basic network topologies being connected together.
11
Conclusion
Knowledge of networking topologies is of core importance of computer networking design. Computer networks can only be developed using the knowledge about these topologies and decide to which topology design is best suited according to the requirement.
12
Acknowledgement
I deeply thanks to the people who helped and supported me during the writing of this project. My deepest thanks to Lecturer, [Ms.Kirti] the Guide of the project for guiding and correcting various documents of mine with attention and care. She has taken pain to go through the project and make necessary correction as and when needed. I express my thanks to the Center Manager, [Ms.Aparna Ghike], for extending her support. My deep sense of gratitude to,[Mr.Ramesh Mahadik] (C.O.O),[JETKING COMPUTER HARDWARE & NETWORKING INSTITUTE] for his support and guidance. Thanks and appreciation to the helpful people at [JETKING COMPUTER HARDWARE & NETWORKING INSTITUTE], for their support. I would also thank my institution and my faculty members without whom this project would have been a distant reality. I also extend my heartful thanks to my family and well wishers.
13