Material and its Properties:

Type of wood Mahogany

Bending and Tension, F
b
= 13.8 MPa
Shear, F
v
= 1.63 MPa
Compression, F
c
= 9.10 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity, E = 6550 MPa
Specific Gravity = 6.28 kN/m
3
F
p
= 9.1 MPa
Loadings:
Wind Pressure = 1.44 kPa
Minimum Roof Live Load = 0.764 kPa
GI roofing = 0.143 kPa
Spacings: Truss Data:
Purlins = 0.7 m Span = 8 m
theta, = 26.57 deg Height = 2 m
Truss = 2.5 m
Floor joist = 0.5 m
Dimension Trial for Purlins:
2 " x 6 " = 50 mm x 150 mm
I = 14062500
mm
4
Loadings:
Dead Load
Roofing = 0.1001 kN/m
Purlin weight = 0.0471 kN/m
Total DL = 0.1472 kN/m
Live Load = 0.5348 kN/m
W
DL+LL = 0.682 kN/m
Wind Load = -0.7056 kN/m
LOAD COMBINATIONS:
Normal:
case1: Dead Load + Live Load: W
n
=
Pn( cos )
= 0.6100 kN/m
case2: Dead Load + Live Load + Wind Load: Pn( cos ) = -0.0211 kN/m
Tangential:
Dead Load + Live Load: W
t
=
Pt( sin )
= 0.3050 kN/m
W
n
= 0.6100 kN/m
W
t
= 0.3050 kN/m
DESIGN OF PURLINS
Moments:
M
x
= M
n
= 1/8 W
n
L
2
= 0.4766 kN-m
M
y
= M
t
= 1/8 W
t
L
2
= 0.2383 kN-m
Shear:
V
x
= (1/2)W
n
L = 0.7625 kN
V
y
= (1/2)W
t
L = 0.3812 kN
CHECK FOR BENDING:
To be safe, F
b
> F
act
F
act
= = 6.3542 Mpa < 13.8 Mpa
design is safe in bending!
CHECK FOR SHEAR:
To be safe, F
v
> Fv
act
Fv
act
= = 0.2287 Mpa < 1.63 Mpa
design is safe in shearing!
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:
To be safe, Y
all
> Y
act
Yact = (5/384)(WLn
4
/EI) =
3.3684 mm
Y
allow
= L/240 = 10.4167 mm
design is safe!
Therefore,
Use 2 " x 6 "
Wooden purlins @ 0.7 m spacing o.c
h b
My
bh
Mx
2 2
6 6
+
bh
Vy
bh
Vx
2
3
2
3
+
To be safe:
Load carried by the truss:
Dimension Trial for Truss:
2 " x 4 " = 50 mm x 100 mm
I = 4166667 mm
4
W
T
=
1.3876 kN/m
1.7345 2.5 m 1.7345
Weight of Top chord:
W
tc
=
0.0314 kN/m
Load passed by purlins:
R = 1.7345 kN
W
e
=
2.4779 kN/m
Total Distributed Load carried by the truss:
W

=
2.5093 kN/m
Using GRASP software
DESIGN OF TRUSS
BAR FORCES
TOP CHORDS
2 -16.8376
4 -12.6282
3 -12.6282
10 -16.8376
BOTTOM CHORDS
1 13.81
5 13.81
7 13.81
11 13.81
DIAGONALS
8 -7.0157
13 -7.0157
VERTICALS
6 0
9 6.275
12 0
DESIGN OF TOP CHORD:
Trial Dimension:
3 " x 6 " = 75 mm x 150 mm
I = 21093750 mm
4
P = 16.84 kN
L = 2.2361 m
L/d = 29.814
= 8.6023 since L/d>K
it is long column
To be safe:
Fc < fc
= 2.0202
fc = P/A = 1.4968889 < 2.02018
design is safe!
5 .
6 4
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
fc
E
K
t
2
2
36 |
.
|

\
|
=
d
L
E
Fc
t
Therefore,
Use 3 " x 6 "
for TOP CHORD
DESIGN OF BOTTOM CHORD:
Trial Dimension:
2 " x 4 " = 50 mm x 100 mm
I = 4166667 mm
4
P = 13.81 kN
L = 2.0000 m
L/d = 40.0
= 8.6023 since L/d>K
it is long column
To be safe:
Fc < fc
= 1.12232
fc = P/A = 2.761 > 1.12232
not safe, try another dimension
Therefore,
Use 2 " x 4 "
for BOTTOM CHORD
DESIGN OF DIAGONAL:
Trial Dimension:
3 " x 4 " = 75 mm x 100 mm
I = 6250000 mm
4
P = -7.0157 kN
L = 2.4495 m
L/d = 32.660
5 .
6 4
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
fc
E
K
t
2
2
36 |
.
|

\
|
=
d
L
E
Fc
t
= 8.6023 since L/d>K
it is long column
To be safe:
Fc < fc
= 1.6835
fc = P/A = 0.9354267 < 1.68349
design is safe!
Therefore,
Use 3 " x 4 "
for DIAGONAL
DESIGN OF VERTICAL:
Trial Dimension:
2 " x 6 " = 50 mm x 150 mm
I = 14062500 mm
4
P = 6.275 kN
L = 2.2361 m
L/d = 44.721
= 8.6023 since L/d>K
it is long column
To be safe:
Fc < fc
= 0.8979
fc = P/A = 0.8366667 < 0.8979
design is safe!
5 .
6 4
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
fc
E
K
t
2
2
36 |
.
|

\
|
=
d
L
E
Fc
t
5 .
6 4
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
fc
E
K
t
2
2
36 |
.
|

\
|
=
d
L
E
Fc
t
Therefore,
Use 2 " x 6 "
for VERTICAL
CHECK FOR STRESS REVERSAL:
To be safe:
F
b
>= f
t
F
b = 13.80 MPa
= 1.39 < 13.80
design is safe!
Therefore,
Use 2 " x 6 "
for VERTICAL
( )
g
t
A
P
f
5 / 3
=
DATA:
Residential Live Load = 2.00 kPa
Specific Gravity = 6.28 kN/m
3
Modulus of Elasticity = 6550.00 MPa
Dimension Trial:
1 " x 2 " = 25 mm x 50 mm
I = 260416.7 mm
4
LOADINGS:
Dead Load (Weight of T&G) = Area X S.G. = 0.00785 kN/m
Live Load (Residential LL) = 0.1 kN/m
W
DL+LL
= 0.10785 kN/m
M
MAX
= (1/8)WL
2
= 0.0034 kN-m
V
MAX
= wL/2 = 0.0270 kN
CHECK FOR BENDING: To be safe, F
b
> F
act
To be safe, F
b
> F
act
Fact = 6M
max
/bh
2
= 0.32
Fb = 13.80 Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe
CHECK FOR SHEAR;
To be safe, F
v
> Fv
act
Fv
act
= (3/2)(V
max
/bh)
= 0.03
Fv= 1.63 Since Fvact is less than Fvallowable, it is safe
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:
To be safe, Y
all
> Y
act
Yact = (5/384)(WLn
4
/EI)
= 0.05146
Y
allow =
L/360 = 1.38889 Since Yact is less than Yallowable, it is safe
Therefore,
Use 1 " x 2 "
for T & G
DESIGN OF TONGUE AND GROOVE
DATA:
Specific Gravity = 6.28 kN/m
3
Modulus of Elasticity = 6550 MPa
Length of joist = 4.00 m
Joist Spacing = 0.50 m
Residential Live Load = 2.00 kPa
Dimension Trial:
4 " x 8 " = 100 mm x 200 mm
I = 66666667 mm
4
T&G
Floor Joist 0.20 m
0.50 m
0.10 m
Dead Loads:
Weight of joist = Specific Gravity X Area of Joist = 0.1256 Kn/m
Load carried from T&G = 0.0270 Kn/m
Live Load:
Floor LL = 1 Kn/m
W
DL+LL
= 1.152563 Kn/m
M
MAX
= (1/8)WL
2
= 2.305125 Kn-m
V
MAX
= wL/2 = 2.31 Kn
CHECK FOR BENDING:
To be safe, F
b
> F
act
Fact = 6M
max
/bh
2
= 3.458 Mpa
Fb= 13.80 Mpa Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe
DESIGN OF FLOOR JOISTS
CHECK FOR SHEAR;
To be safe, F
v
> Fv
act
Fv
act
= (3/2)(V
max
/bh)
= 0.1729 Mpa
Fv= 1.63 Mpa Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:
To be safe, Y
all
> Y
act
Yact = (5/384)(WLn
4
/EI) = 8.8E+00 mm
Y
allow =
L/240 = 16.6667 mm
Since Yact is less than Yallowable, it is safe
Therefore,
Use 4 " x 8 "
for FLOOR JOIST
DATA:
Specific Gravity = 6.28 kN/m
3
Modulus of Elasticity = 6550.00 MPa
Length of Girder = 4 MPa
Joist Spacing = 0.50 m
Residential Live Load = 2.00 kPa
Weight of the girder = 0.11775
Dimension Trial:
3 " x 10 " = 75 mm x 250 mm
I = 97656250 mm
4
2.31
joist
girder
4 m
Total load carried by the girder
concentrated load from floor joist = 2.31 kN
Weight of the girder = 0.11775 kN/m
Analysis using GRASP software:
Bending Moment
DESIGN OF GIRDER
Shear Forces
The following values are taken from the result values:
M
max
= 9.2 kn-m
V
max
= 8.1 kN
CHECK FOR BENDING:
Fact = 6M
max
/bh
2
= 11.78 Mpa
Fb= 13.8 Mpa Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe
CHECK FOR SHEAR;
Fv
act
= (3/2)(V
max
/bh)
= 0.648 Mpa
Fv= 1.34 Mpa Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:
6.18E-01 mm
Y
allow =
L/240 16.667 mm
Since Yact is less than Yallowable, it is safe
EI
PL
EI
a L Pa
EI
wl
Y
actual
48 24
) 4 3 (
384
5
3 2 4
+

+ =
distributed load = 1.152563
floor joist
4 m
2.31 2.31
DESIGN OF COLUMN
Data:
Modulus of Elasticity, E = 6550 MPa
F
p
= 9.1 MPa
Load carried by the column
Dimension Trial:
4 " x 6 " = 100 mm x 150 mm
Load from the truss = = 10.04 kN
Load from girder = = 8.09 kN
Load of 2nd floor column = 0.2355 kN
Total load = 18.37 kN
Length = 3.5 m
L/d = 35 < 50, OK!
17.20459 LONG COLUMN
For LONG COLUMN:
For INTERMEDIATE COLUMN:
ALLOWABLE Fc:
Fc = 1.4659 Mpa > act fc
ACTUAL, fc = P/A:
fc = 1.22437 Mpa
design is safe!
= =
p
F
E
k
6 2
t
( )
2
/
274 . 0
d L
E
c
F =
DESIGN OF STAIRS
DESIGN OF TREAD
Dimension Trial:
1 " x 4 " = 25 mm x 100 mm
I = 2083333 mm
4
Loadings:
Weight of Tread = 0.0157 Kn
Live Load = 0.2 Kn
TOTAL = 0.2157 Kn
WIDTH OF STAIRS= 1.1 m
= 1100 mm
Analytical Model:
w = 0.2157 Kn
1.1 m
M
MAX
= (1/8)WL
2
= 0.0326 Kn-m
V
MAX
= wL/2 = 0.1186 Kn
CHECK FOR BENDING:
To be safe, F
b
> F
act
Fact = 6M
max
/bh
2
= 0.782991 Kn
Fb= 13.80 Kn Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe
CHECK FOR SHEAR;
To be safe, F
v
> Fv
act
Fv
act
= (3/2)(V
max
/bh)
= 0.071181 Kn
Fv= 1.63 Kn Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:
To be safe, Y
all
> Y
act
Yact = (5/384)(WLn
4
/EI) = 0.000 mm
Y
allow =
L/360 = 0.0045833 mm
since this deflection is alrady in mm, it is very negligible
Therefore,
Use 1 " x 4 "
for TREAD
DESIGN OF CARRIAGE
Dimension Trial:
2 " x 4 " = 50 mm x 100 mm
I = 4166667 mm
4
Considering the longest span of the stairs:
No. of Stairs = 7 @ 0.3 m
Load carried by the tread = 0.2157
Theta, u
= 33.69
Length of Carriage = 2.52 m
Weigth of Carriage = 0.0314
Total Load = 0.2373
(assumption: wt. of carriage is 10% of the load from tread)
Analytical Model:
1.4
m
Theta = 33.69
2.1 m
w= 0.24 Kn/m
L= 2.52 m
GRASP results:
Bending Moment Shear
OR: Grasp:
M
MAX
= 1/8WL
2
= 0.2 Kn-m M
MAX
= 0.2
V
MAX
= wL/2 = 0.3 Kn V
MAX
= 0.3
CHECK FOR BENDING:
To be safe, F
b
> F
act
Fact = 6M
max
/bh
2
= 0.23 Kn
Fb= 13.80 Kn Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe
CHECK FOR SHEAR;
To be safe, F
v
> Fv
act
Fv
act
= (3/2)(V
max
/bh)
= 0.09 Kn
Fv= 1.63 Kn Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:
To be safe, Y
all
> Y
act
Yact = (5/384)(WLn
4
/EI) = 4.59
Y
allow =
L/360 = 7.01 Since Yact is less than Yallowable, it is safe
Therefore,
Use 2 " x 4 "
for the CARRIAGE