Employment Situation November 2011

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, November 4, 2011
USDL-11-1576
Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 cpsinfo@bls.gov www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 cesinfo@bls.gov www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:
(202) 691-5902 PressOffice@bls.gov
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OCTOBER 2011

Nonfarm payroll employment continued to trend up in October (+80,000), and the unemployment
rate was little changed at 9.0 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment
in the private sector rose, with modest job growth continuing in professional and businesses services,
leisure and hospitality, health care, and mining. Government employment continued to trend down.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
October 2009 October 2011
Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month

change, seasonally adjusted, October 2009
October 2011
Percent
Thousands
600
11.0
400
10.0
200
0
9.0
-200
8.0
-400
-600
7.0
Oct-09 Jan-10
A pr-10
Jul-10
Oct-10
Jan-11
A pr-11
Jul-11
Oct-11
Oct-09 Jan-10
A pr-10
Jul-10
Oct-10 Jan-11 A pr-11
Jul-11
Oct-11
Household Survey Data

Both the number of unemployed persons (13.9 million) and the unemployment rate (9.0 percent)
changed little over the month. The unemployment rate has remained in a narrow range from 9.0 to 9.2
percent since April. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate declined for blacks (15.1 percent) in
October, while the rates for adult men (8.8 percent), adult women (8.0 percent), teenagers (24.1 percent),
whites (8.0 percent), and Hispanics (11.4 percent) showed little or no change. The jobless rate for Asians
was 7.3 percent, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
In October, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks and over) declined by
366,000 to 5.9 million, or 42.4 percent of total unemployment. (See table A-12.)
The civilian labor force participation rate remained at 64.2 percent in October, and the employmentpopulation ratio was little changed at 58.4 percent. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers) decreased by 374,000 to 8.9 million in October. These individuals were
working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time
job. (See table A-8.)
In October, 2.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, about the same as a year
earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and
were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not
counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
(See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 967,000 discouraged workers in October, a decrease of
252,000 from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not
currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.6
million persons marginally attached to the labor force in October had not searched for work in the 4
weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table
A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment continued to trend up in October (+80,000). Over the past 12
months, payroll employment has increased by an average of 125,000 per month. In October, privatesector employment increased by 104,000, with continued job growth in professional and business
services, leisure and hospitality, health care, and mining. Government employment continued to contract
in October. (See table B-1.)
Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up in October (+32,000) and has
grown by 562,000 over the past 12 months. Within the industry, there have been modest job gains in
recent months in temporary help services and in management and technical consulting services.
Employment in leisure and hospitality edged up over the month (+22,000). Since a recent low point in
January 2010, the industry has added 344,000 jobs.
Health care employment continued to expand in October 2011 (+12,000), following a gain of 45,000 in
September. Offices of physicians added 8,000 jobs in October. Over the past 12 months, health care has
added 313,000 jobs.
In October, mining employment continued to increase (+6,000); oil and gas extraction accounted for
half of the increase. Since a recent low point in October 2009, mining employment has risen by 152,000.
Manufacturing employment changed little in October 2011 (+5,000) and has remained flat for 3
months. In October, a job gain in transportation equipment (+10,000) was partly offset by small losses in
other manufacturing industries.
-2-
Within retail trade, employment increased in general merchandise stores (+10,000) and in motor
vehicle and parts dealers (+6,000) in October. Retail trade has added 156,000 jobs over the past 12
months.
Construction employment declined by 20,000 in October, largely offsetting an increase of 27,000 in
September; both over-the-month changes largely occurred in nonresidential construction. Employment
in both residential and nonresidential construction has shown little net change in 2011.
Employment in other major private-sector industries, including wholesale trade, transportation and
warehousing, information, and financial activities, changed little in October.
Government employment continued to trend down over the month (-24,000), with most of the October
decline in the non-educational component of state government. Employment in both state government
and local government has been trending down since the second half of 2008.
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.3 hours in
October. The manufacturing workweek rose by 0.2 hour to 40.5 hours, and factory overtime remained at
3.2 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm
payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours in October. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
In October, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 5
cents, or 0.2 percent, to $23.19. This increase followed a gain of 6 cents in September. Over the past 12
months, average hourly earnings have increased by 1.8 percent. In October, average hourly earnings of
private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 3 cents, or 0.2 percent, to
$19.53. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for August was revised from +57,000 to +104,000, and
the change for September was revised from +103,000 to +158,000.
The Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on Friday, December 2,

2011, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).
Administrative Changes to Household Survey

In January 2012, the Census Bureau, which conducts the household survey, will begin a
year-long process of reorganizing its regional office structure. For more information on these
Census Bureau changes, see www.census.gov/newsroom/pdf/General_QAs_FINAL2.pdf. Both
the Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics will monitor survey operations during the
transition period. No impact on the employment and unemployment estimates from the survey
is anticipated from this organizational change.
-3-
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category
Oct.
2010
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011
Change from:
Sept. 2011Oct. 2011
Oct.
2011
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed................................................................... .
Employment-population ratio.......................................... .
Unemployed................................................................ .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
238,530
153,960
64.5
139,084
58.3
14,876
9.7
84,570
239,871
153,594
64.0
139,627
58.2
13,967
9.1
86,278
240,071
154,017
64.2
140,025
58.3
13,992
9.1
86,054
240,269
154,198
64.2
140,302
58.4
13,897
9.0
86,071
198
181
0.0
277
0.1
-95
-0.1
17
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over)............................................. .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................ .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ .
9.7
9.7
8.1
27.1
8.8
15.7
7.1
12.6
9.1
8.9
8.0
25.4
8.0
16.7
7.1
11.3
9.1
8.8
8.1
24.6
8.0
16.0
7.8
11.3
9.0
8.8
8.0
24.1
8.0
15.1
7.3
11.4
-0.1
0.0
-0.1
-0.5
0.0
-0.9
0.1
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelors degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.2
15.3
10.1
8.5
4.7
7.8
14.3
9.6
8.2
4.3
7.8
14.0
9.7
8.4
4.2
7.8
13.8
9.6
8.3
4.4
0.0
-0.2
-0.1
-0.1
0.2
Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .
Reentrants....................................................................... .
New entrants.................................................................... .
9,070
854
3,498
1,278
8,203
963
3,532
1,241
8,121
967
3,504
1,327
8,006
1,072
3,400
1,293
-115
105
-104
-34
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks................................................................... .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2,659
3,427
2,500
6,234
2,755
3,050
2,239
6,034
2,772
2,904
2,086
6,242
2,694
3,250
2,048
5,876
-78
346
-38
-366
Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions......................................... .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9,100
6,174
2,564
18,230
8,826
5,833
2,736
18,208
9,270
5,963
2,852
18,308
8,896
5,901
2,631
18,392
-374
-62
-221
84
Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2,602
1,219
2,575
977
2,511
1,037
2,555
967
- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not
necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2010
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011p
Oct.
2011p
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
171
143
1
9
-2
-6
2
2.7
-8
142
11.4
26.3
3.8
-4
1
40
27.2
64
38.9
-31
29
28
104
72
-13
2
-14
-1
-5
-4.8
4
85
4.8
2.5
6.7
-50
6
45
22.6
38
32.3
23
8
32
158
191
29
5
27
-3
2
2.0
-5
162
-6.0
13.3
2.5
34
-5
50
21.1
58
46.1
13
1
-33
80
104
-10
5
-20
5
11
6.2
-6
114
8.1
17.8
9.4
-5
4
32
15.0
28
16.3
22
-2
-24
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49.7
48.2
82.4
49.4
47.9
82.4
49.4
47.9
82.4
49.4
47.9
82.5
HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34.3
$ 22.77
$781.01
92.6
0.4
100.5
0.7
34.2
$ 23.08
$789.34
93.6
-0.2
103.0
-0.5
34.3
$ 23.14
$793.70
94.1
0.5
103.8
0.8
34.3
$ 23.19
$795.42
94.2
0.1
104.1
0.3
HOURS AND EARNINGS

PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33.5
$ 19.23
$644.21
99.4
0.2
127.7
0.6
33.5
$ 19.47
$652.25
100.8
-0.2
131.1
-0.3
33.6
$ 19.50
$655.20
101.3
0.5
132.0
0.7
33.7
$ 19.53
$658.16
101.7
0.4
132.7
0.5
58.2
45.1
57.1
49.4
56.7
50.0
60.7
51.9
Category
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing
industries.
3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance
between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment
and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller
margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of
its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically
significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the
household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than
the establishment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural
workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household
survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it
is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not
collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify
the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born.
Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records.
The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information
on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm.
Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with
fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the
total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled
to achieve that goal.
Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment
change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that
forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the
net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not
immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth
of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new
businesses to the survey twice a year.
Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance
benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who
are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People
on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or
question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including
those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In
addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and
other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in The Employment
Situation news release.
How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month.
Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for
holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but
not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off
work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as
those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment, employees have to
be off work without pay for the entire pay period. About half of all employees in the payroll survey have
a 2-week, semi-monthly, or monthly pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay
period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to quantify the
effect of extreme weather on estimates of employment from the establishment survey.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of the
month. Persons who miss the entire weeks work for weather-related events are counted as employed
whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of
persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours, or had a job but were not at work the entire
week, due to bad weather. Current and historical data are available on the household surveys most
requested statistics page at http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey)
and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment
that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD
DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau
of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. The sample includes about
140,000 businesses and government agencies representing
approximately 440,000 worksites and is drawn from a sampling frame of roughly 9 million unemployment insurance
tax accounts. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the
calendar week.
unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or

unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment
rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor
force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.
Additional information about the household survey can be
found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are
counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are
produced for the private sector for all employees and for
production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and
nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
related employees in manufacturing and mining and
logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 2007
version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between
the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
The household survey includes agricultural

workers, the self-employed, unpaid family
workers, and private household workers among the
employed. These groups are excluded from the
establishment survey.
The household survey includes people on unpaid

leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.
The household survey is limited to workers 16

years of age and older. The establishment survey is
not limited by age.
The household survey has no duplication of

individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large
number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely
to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative
to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of
economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the
establishment survey, payroll employment in education
declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term
and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because
seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of
the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more
discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more
useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-tomonth economic activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most
major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted
component series. For example, total unemployment is
derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment
estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the
total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more
detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may

differ from the "true" population values they represent. The
exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the
particular sample selected, and this variability is measured
by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate
based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the
establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus
100,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment
increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90percent confidence interval on the monthly change would
range from -50,000 to +150,000 (50,000 +/- 100,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by
these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within
this interval. Since this range includes values of less than
zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however,
the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then
all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval
would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least
a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact,
risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5
percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly
change in unemployment as measured by the household
survey is about +/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in
the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.19 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time,
such as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all
respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of
respondents to provide correct information on a timely
basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in
the collection or processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates
for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete
returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive
revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered
final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from samplebased estimation in order to offset the missing employment
gains from business births. This is incorporated into the
sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting
sample units going out of business, but imputing to them
the same employment trend as the other firms in the
sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net
birth/death employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series
model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death
employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA
model was derived from the unemployment insurance
universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
universe counts of payroll employment obtained from

administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough
proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also
incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over
the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total
nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a
range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally adjusted

Employment status, sex, and age
Oct.
2010
Sept.
2011
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2010
June
2011
July
2011
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011
Oct.
2011
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
238,530
153,652
64.4
139,749
58.6
13,903
9.0
84,878
5,867
240,071
154,022
64.2
140,502
58.5
13,520
8.8
86,049
5,929
240,269
154,088
64.1
140,987
58.7
13,102
8.5
86,181
5,969
238,530
153,960
64.5
139,084
58.3
14,876
9.7
84,570
6,279
239,489
153,421
64.1
139,334
58.2
14,087
9.2
86,069
6,537
239,671
153,228
63.9
139,296
58.1
13,931
9.1
86,443
6,575
239,871
153,594
64.0
139,627
58.2
13,967
9.1
86,278
6,493
240,071
154,017
64.2
140,025
58.3
13,992
9.1
86,054
6,241
240,269
154,198
64.2
140,302
58.4
13,897
9.0
86,071
6,403
Men, 16 years and over

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
115,542
81,675
70.7
73,970
64.0
7,705
9.4
33,867
116,559
82,011
70.4
74,821
64.2
7,189
8.8
34,549
116,664
82,081
70.4
74,931
64.2
7,151
8.7
34,583
115,542
82,000
71.0
73,470
63.6
8,530
10.4
33,542
116,250
81,966
70.5
74,014
63.7
7,952
9.7
34,284
116,347
81,751
70.3
73,908
63.5
7,844
9.6
34,596
116,453
81,975
70.4
74,122
63.6
7,853
9.6
34,478
116,559
82,123
70.5
74,364
63.8
7,758
9.4
34,436
116,664
82,252
70.5
74,442
63.8
7,809
9.5
34,413

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
107,007
78,859
73.7
71,960
67.2
6,899
8.7
28,147
107,994
79,224
73.4
72,796
67.4
6,427
8.1
28,771
108,104
79,329
73.4
72,924
67.5
6,405
8.1
28,776
107,007
79,016
73.8
71,365
66.7
7,651
9.7
27,991
107,668
79,104
73.5
71,937
66.8
7,167
9.1
28,564
107,773
78,906
73.2
71,836
66.7
7,070
9.0
28,867
107,884
79,043
73.3
72,015
66.8
7,028
8.9
28,841
107,994
79,227
73.4
72,276
66.9
6,952
8.8
28,767
108,104
79,349
73.4
72,336
66.9
7,013
8.8
28,756
Women, 16 years and over

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
122,988
71,977
58.5
65,779
53.5
6,198
8.6
51,011
123,512
72,011
58.3
65,680
53.2
6,331
8.8
51,501
123,605
72,007
58.3
66,056
53.4
5,951
8.3
51,598
122,988
71,960
58.5
65,613
53.3
6,346
8.8
51,028
123,239
71,455
58.0
65,320
53.0
6,134
8.6
51,784
123,324
71,476
58.0
65,388
53.0
6,088
8.5
51,847
123,418
71,619
58.0
65,505
53.1
6,114
8.5
51,800
123,512
71,894
58.2
65,661
53.2
6,233
8.7
51,618
123,605
71,947
58.2
65,859
53.3
6,087
8.5
51,659

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
114,704
69,131
60.3
63,645
55.5
5,487
7.9
45,573
115,338
69,266
60.1
63,529
55.1
5,737
8.3
46,072
115,437
69,208
60.0
63,837
55.3
5,371
7.8
46,229
114,704
69,018
60.2
63,400
55.3
5,618
8.1
45,687
115,045
68,618
59.6
63,098
54.8
5,520
8.0
46,427
115,138
68,666
59.6
63,216
54.9
5,450
7.9
46,472
115,238
68,771
59.7
63,300
54.9
5,472
8.0
46,467
115,338
69,019
59.8
63,398
55.0
5,622
8.1
46,318
115,437
69,060
59.8
63,569
55.1
5,491
8.0
46,377
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16,819
5,661
33.7
4,144
24.6
1,517
26.8
11,158
16,739
5,532
33.1
4,177
25.0
1,356
24.5
11,206
16,728
5,552
33.2
4,226
25.3
1,326
23.9
11,176
16,819
5,927
35.2
4,319
25.7
1,607
27.1
10,893
16,776
5,698
34.0
4,299
25.6
1,399
24.5
11,078
16,760
5,656
33.7
4,244
25.3
1,412
25.0
11,104
16,749
5,779
34.5
4,312
25.7
1,467
25.4
10,970
16,739
5,770
34.5
4,352
26.0
1,418
24.6
10,969
16,728
5,790
34.6
4,397
26.3
1,393
24.1
10,938
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

Employment status, race, sex, and age
WHITE
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ASIAN
See footnotes at end of table.
Oct.
2010
Sept.
2011
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2010
June
2011
July
2011
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011
Oct.
2011
192,527
124,749
64.8
114,588
59.5
10,161
8.1
67,778
193,365
124,812
64.5
115,266
59.6
9,545
7.6
68,553
193,493
124,870
64.5
115,421
59.7
9,449
7.6
68,623
192,527
124,914
64.9
113,975
59.2
10,940
8.8
67,612
192,989
124,493
64.5
114,358
59.3
10,135
8.1
68,496
193,106
124,503
64.5
114,420
59.3
10,083
8.1
68,603
193,236
124,563
64.5
114,631
59.3
9,932
8.0
68,673
193,365
124,702
64.5
114,751
59.3
9,951
8.0
68,662
193,493
124,870
64.5
114,849
59.4
10,021
8.0
68,623
65,066
74.1
59,872
68.2
5,194
8.0
65,290
73.9
60,648
68.6
4,642
7.1
65,315
73.9
60,608
68.5
4,707
7.2
65,215
74.3
59,425
67.7
5,790
8.9
65,203
74.0
59,943
68.0
5,261
8.1
65,099
73.8
59,929
67.9
5,170
7.9
65,105
73.7
60,108
68.1
4,997
7.7
65,269
73.9
60,235
68.2
5,034
7.7
65,333
73.9
60,187
68.1
5,146
7.9
55,076
59.9
51,185
55.7
3,891
7.1
54,949
59.6
51,002
55.3
3,947
7.2
54,952
59.6
51,217
55.5
3,735
6.8
54,846
59.7
50,835
55.3
4,012
7.3
54,633
59.4
50,775
55.2
3,858
7.1
54,696
59.4
50,866
55.2
3,830
7.0
54,655
59.3
50,826
55.2
3,828
7.0
54,706
59.3
50,795
55.1
3,911
7.1
54,727
59.3
50,899
55.2
3,828
7.0
4,607
35.9
3,531
27.5
1,076
23.4
4,573
35.8
3,616
28.3
956
20.9
4,604
36.0
3,596
28.1
1,008
21.9
4,853
37.8
3,715
29.0
1,138
23.4
4,657
36.3
3,640
28.4
1,017
21.8
4,708
36.8
3,625
28.3
1,083
23.0
4,803
37.5
3,697
28.9
1,106
23.0
4,728
37.0
3,722
29.1
1,006
21.3
4,810
37.6
3,763
29.4
1,047
21.8
28,831
17,913
62.1
15,199
52.7
2,715
15.2
10,918
29,193
18,051
61.8
15,186
52.0
2,865
15.9
11,142
29,228
18,047
61.7
15,471
52.9
2,576
14.3
11,181
28,831
17,946
62.2
15,127
52.5
2,818
15.7
10,885
29,093
17,733
61.0
14,855
51.1
2,877
16.2
11,360
29,123
17,582
60.4
14,786
50.8
2,796
15.9
11,541
29,158
17,930
61.5
14,941
51.2
2,989
16.7
11,229
29,193
18,103
62.0
15,209
52.1
2,893
16.0
11,091
29,228
18,052
61.8
15,332
52.5
2,720
15.1
11,176
8,076
69.0
6,837
58.5
1,239
15.3
8,108
68.0
6,830
57.3
1,279
15.8
8,182
68.5
6,960
58.3
1,221
14.9
8,072
69.0
6,763
57.8
1,309
16.2
8,111
68.3
6,736
56.7
1,375
17.0
8,044
67.7
6,680
56.2
1,364
17.0
8,151
68.4
6,682
56.1
1,469
18.0
8,146
68.3
6,774
56.8
1,372
16.8
8,176
68.4
6,855
57.4
1,321
16.2
9,158
63.2
7,996
55.2
1,162
12.7
9,348
63.7
8,027
54.7
1,320
14.1
9,254
62.9
8,116
55.2
1,138
12.3
9,173
63.3
7,998
55.2
1,176
12.8
8,953
61.2
7,718
52.8
1,235
13.8
8,945
61.1
7,745
52.9
1,200
13.4
9,153
62.4
7,923
54.0
1,230
13.4
9,291
63.3
8,064
54.9
1,227
13.2
9,252
62.9
8,089
55.0
1,164
12.6
680
25.7
365
13.8
314
46.2
595
23.1
329
12.7
266
44.8
611
23.7
394
15.3
216
35.4
700
26.5
366
13.9
334
47.7
669
25.8
402
15.5
267
39.9
594
22.9
361
13.9
233
39.2
626
24.2
335
13.0
291
46.5
665
25.8
371
14.4
294
44.2
624
24.2
388
15.1
236
37.8
11,306
11,523
11,614
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age Continued

Employment status, race, sex, and age
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oct.
2010
7,317
64.7
6,798
60.1
519
7.1
3,988
Sept.
2011
7,360
63.9
6,784
58.9
577
7.8
4,162
Oct.
2011
7,462
64.3
6,916
59.6
546
7.3
4,151
Oct.
2010
June
2011
July
2011
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011
Oct.
2011
- Data not available.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oct.
2010
Sept.
2011
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2010
June
2011
July
2011
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011
Oct.
2011
34,014
22,784
67.0
20,051
58.9
2,733
12.0
11,230
34,640
23,058
66.6
20,569
59.4
2,488
10.8
11,582
34,724
23,313
67.1
20,757
59.8
2,555
11.0
11,412
34,014
22,814
67.1
19,936
58.6
2,878
12.6
11,201
34,391
22,816
66.3
20,164
58.6
2,653
11.6
11,574
34,470
22,741
66.0
20,171
58.5
2,570
11.3
11,728
34,555
22,917
66.3
20,332
58.8
2,585
11.3
11,638
34,640
22,993
66.4
20,389
58.9
2,604
11.3
11,647
34,724
23,259
67.0
20,600
59.3
2,660
11.4
11,465
12,964
81.8
11,566
73.0
1,398
10.8
13,112
81.7
11,887
74.1
1,225
9.3
13,182
82.0
11,891
73.9
1,291
9.8
8,867
59.5
7,833
52.5
1,034
11.7
9,000
59.3
7,993
52.7
1,007
11.2
9,141
60.1
8,183
53.8
958
10.5
953
29.3
651
20.0
301
31.6
946
27.7
689
20.2
257
27.1
990
28.9
683
19.9
307
31.0
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release
of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
Educational attainment
Oct.
2010
Sept.
2011
Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2010
June
2011
July
2011
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011
Oct.
2011
Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................... .
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed........................................ .
Unemployment rate............................. .
11,519
45.9
9,908
39.4
1,611
14.0
11,840
46.9
10,303
40.8
1,536
13.0
11,570
46.6
10,105
40.7
1,465
12.7
11,800
47.0
9,995
39.8
1,805
15.3
11,392
45.0
9,768
38.6
1,624
14.3
11,704
46.9
9,952
39.9
1,752
15.0
11,664
46.7
10,002
40.0
1,663
14.3
11,738
46.5
10,092
40.0
1,646
14.0
11,768
47.4
10,141
40.8
1,628
13.8
High school graduates, no college1

Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Unemployed........................................ .
37,638
60.9
34,186
55.3
3,452
9.2
37,210
60.4
33,841
54.9
3,369
9.1
37,140
60.1
33,882
54.8
3,258
8.8
38,051
61.6
34,225
55.4
3,826
10.1
37,612
60.6
33,836
54.5
3,775
10.0
37,505
60.6
34,006
54.9
3,499
9.3
36,956
60.0
33,425
54.3
3,531
9.6
37,319
60.5
33,686
54.7
3,632
9.7
37,437
60.6
33,841
54.8
3,596
9.6
Some college or associate degree

Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Unemployed........................................ .
37,445
70.6
34,417
64.9
3,028
8.1
37,172
69.5
34,072
63.7
3,101
8.3
37,114
69.4
34,119
63.8
2,995
8.1
37,120
70.0
33,972
64.0
3,148
8.5
36,786
69.8
33,708
63.9
3,079
8.4
36,686
68.9
33,657
63.2
3,028
8.3
37,013
69.2
33,975
63.5
3,038
8.2
37,164
69.5
34,031
63.7
3,133
8.4
36,895
69.0
33,826
63.3
3,069
8.3
Bachelors degree and higher2

Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Unemployed........................................ .
46,451
76.6
44,370
73.2
2,081
4.5
47,021
76.4
45,048
73.2
1,973
4.2
47,346
76.4
45,348
73.1
1,998
4.2
46,132
76.1
43,971
72.6
2,161
4.7
46,963
76.8
44,894
73.4
2,069
4.4
46,680
76.1
44,677
72.9
2,003
4.3
46,813
76.0
44,808
72.7
2,005
4.3
46,915
76.2
44,931
73.0
1,985
4.2
47,008
75.8
44,951
72.5
2,058
4.4
1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2 Includes persons with bachelors, masters, professional, and doctoral degrees.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service
Oct.
2010
Men
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2010
Women
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2010
Oct.
2011
VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21,896
11,609
53.0
10,646
48.6
962
8.3
10,287
21,496
11,209
52.1
10,350
48.1
859
7.7
10,287
20,105
10,517
52.3
9,640
47.9
877
8.3
9,588
19,692
10,082
51.2
9,308
47.3
774
7.7
9,610
1,791
1,092
61.0
1,007
56.2
85
7.8
699
1,804
1,128
62.5
1,042
57.8
85
7.6
676
Gulf War-era II veterans

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2,321
1,900
81.9
1,699
73.2
201
10.6
420
2,405
1,980
82.3
1,740
72.3
240
12.1
425
1,902
1,612
84.8
1,445
76.0
167
10.4
290
2,036
1,715
84.2
1,503
73.8
211
12.3
322
419
289
68.8
254
60.7
34
11.9
131
369
265
71.9
236
64.1
29
10.9
103
Gulf War-era I veterans

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2,816
2,448
86.9
2,265
80.4
183
7.5
368
2,941
2,489
84.6
2,343
79.7
146
5.9
453
2,401
2,127
88.6
1,973
82.2
154
7.3
274
2,469
2,127
86.2
2,004
81.2
124
5.8
342
415
321
77.3
292
70.3
29
9.0
94
472
361
76.5
339
71.8
22
6.2
111
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10,900
3,947
36.2
3,608
33.1
339
8.6
6,953
10,279
3,329
32.4
3,088
30.0
241
7.2
6,951
10,544
3,835
36.4
3,503
33.2
332
8.7
6,708
9,955
3,239
32.5
3,005
30.2
234
7.2
6,716
356
112
31.3
105
29.4
7
6.1
244
324
90
27.8
83
25.6
7
7.9
234
Veterans of other service periods

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5,860
3,314
56.6
3,075
52.5
239
7.2
2,546
5,870
3,412
58.1
3,180
54.2
232
6.8
2,458
5,259
2,943
56.0
2,719
51.7
223
7.6
2,316
5,232
3,001
57.4
2,796
53.4
205
6.8
2,231
601
371
61.7
355
59.2
15
4.2
230
639
411
64.3
384
60.1
27
6.6
228
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
207,459
140,044
67.5
127,693
61.6
12,350
8.8
67,416
209,934
140,986
67.2
129,190
61.5
11,796
8.4
68,949
90,791
70,220
77.3
63,707
70.2
6,513
9.3
20,570
92,437
71,148
77.0
64,997
70.3
6,151
8.6
21,289
116,669
69,823
59.8
63,986
54.8
5,837
8.4
46,846
117,497
69,838
59.4
64,193
54.6
5,645
8.1
47,659
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August
2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time
periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and
another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
Persons with a disability
Oct.
2010
Oct.
2011
Persons with no disability

Oct.
2010
Oct.
2011
TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed.......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate............................................................... .
Not in labor force....................................................................... .
26,545
5,682
21.4
4,842
18.2
840
14.8
20,863
27,214
5,802
21.3
5,037
18.5
765
13.2
21,412
211,986
147,970
69.8
134,907
63.6
13,063
8.8
64,015
213,055
148,286
69.6
135,949
63.8
12,337
8.3
64,769
Men, 16 to 64 years
Employed............................................................................. .
Unemployed.......................................................................... .
2,643
36.1
2,204
30.1
439
16.6
4,668
2,649
34.9
2,262
29.8
387
14.6
4,938
75,282
82.4
68,269
74.7
7,012
9.3
16,080
75,325
82.4
68,806
75.2
6,519
8.7
16,114
Women, 16 to 64 years
Employed............................................................................. .
Unemployed.......................................................................... .
2,262
30.8
1,924
26.2
337
14.9
5,090
2,257
30.6
1,960
26.6
297
13.2
5,114
66,634
71.2
60,931
65.1
5,703
8.6
26,966
66,490
70.9
61,099
65.1
5,391
8.1
27,337
Both sexes, 65 years and over

Employed............................................................................. .
Unemployed.......................................................................... .
777
6.5
714
6.0
64
8.2
11,105
896
7.3
815
6.7
80
9.0
11,360
6,054
22.4
5,706
21.1
348
5.8
20,969
6,471
23.3
6,044
21.7
427
6.6
21,318
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing
even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition;
has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctors office or
shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
Total
Employment status and nativity
Oct.
2010
Men
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2010
Women
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2010
Oct.
2011
Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36,341
24,530
67.5
22,281
61.3
2,249
9.2
11,811
37,001
24,849
67.2
22,648
61.2
2,201
8.9
12,152
18,122
14,387
79.4
13,083
72.2
1,304
9.1
3,734
18,378
14,532
79.1
13,303
72.4
1,230
8.5
3,845
18,219
10,143
55.7
9,198
50.5
945
9.3
8,077
18,624
10,317
55.4
9,345
50.2
971
9.4
8,307
Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
202,189
129,122
63.9
117,468
58.1
11,654
9.0
73,067
203,268
129,239
63.6
118,338
58.2
10,901
8.4
74,029
97,421
67,288
69.1
60,887
62.5
6,401
9.5
30,133
98,287
67,549
68.7
61,628
62.7
5,921
8.8
30,738
104,769
61,834
59.0
56,581
54.0
5,253
8.5
42,935
104,981
61,690
58.8
56,711
54.0
4,980
8.1
43,291
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or
one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the
United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated
population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Category
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private households........................... .
Other industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2010
Sept.
2011
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2010
June
2011
July
2011
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011
Oct.
2011
2,360
1,475
840
45
137,389
128,487
20,900
107,587
562
107,025
8,817
85
2,281
1,409
839
33
138,221
129,756
20,569
109,187
756
108,431
8,411
55
2,246
1,339
873
34
138,740
130,189
20,682
109,507
771
108,736
8,501
50
2,348
1,446
823
136,797
127,852
20,717
107,100
106,470
8,862
2,217
1,383
829
137,035
128,437
20,318
108,209
107,511
8,543
2,245
1,419
810
136,837
128,393
20,302
108,070
107,319
8,525
2,355
1,475
843
137,146
128,552
20,286
108,275
107,556
8,551
2,267
1,380
839
137,840
129,606
20,568
108,742
107,992
8,334
2,250
1,325
862
138,137
129,565
20,519
108,980
108,160
8,521
8,408
5,695
2,442
18,717
8,541
5,497
2,766
18,647
8,258
5,518
2,488
18,941
9,100
6,174
2,564
18,230
8,552
5,806
2,401
18,470
8,396
5,687
2,517
18,258
8,826
5,833
2,736
18,208
9,270
5,963
2,852
18,308
8,896
5,901
2,631
18,392
8,279
5,619
2,421
18,302
8,423
5,410
2,749
18,249
8,151
5,444
2,472
18,543
8,991
6,108
2,534
17,848
8,400
5,704
2,341
18,151
8,218
5,569
2,466
17,880
8,670
5,732
2,720
17,813
9,112
5,864
2,868
17,877
8,784
5,829
2,613
17,985
1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the
entire week.
3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions,
inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,
retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during
the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of
the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
Characteristic
Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2010
Sept.
2011
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2010
June
2011
July
2011
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011
Oct.
2011
AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
139,749
4,144
1,409
2,735
135,605
12,723
122,881
94,791
30,589
30,886
33,315
28,091
140,502
4,177
1,450
2,727
136,325
13,061
123,264
93,920
30,750
30,228
32,941
29,345
140,987
4,226
1,447
2,779
136,761
13,306
123,454
94,108
30,806
30,295
33,007
29,346
139,084
4,319
1,434
2,894
134,764
12,774
121,910
94,011
30,323
30,650
33,037
27,899
139,334
4,299
1,358
2,945
135,035
12,911
122,175
93,505
30,416
30,197
32,892
28,670
139,296
4,244
1,343
2,890
135,052
12,860
122,228
93,550
30,322
30,249
32,979
28,677
139,627
4,312
1,341
2,981
135,315
12,895
122,447
93,568
30,635
30,017
32,916
28,880
140,025
4,352
1,414
2,944
135,673
13,072
122,610
93,460
30,587
30,053
32,819
29,150
140,302
4,397
1,442
2,961
135,905
13,357
122,496
93,338
30,557
30,043
32,738
29,158
Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73,970
2,010
623
1,387
71,960
6,481
65,479
50,805
16,668
16,737
17,400
14,675
74,821
2,025
692
1,334
72,796
6,874
65,923
50,373
16,852
16,395
17,127
15,549
74,931
2,007
626
1,381
72,924
7,017
65,907
50,406
16,884
16,360
17,162
15,501
73,470
2,106
660
1,443
71,365
6,542
64,803
50,209
16,434
16,573
17,202
14,594
74,014
2,077
646
1,451
71,937
6,754
65,193
50,096
16,607
16,365
17,124
15,097
73,908
2,072
652
1,429
71,836
6,711
65,163
50,018
16,481
16,371
17,167
15,146
74,122
2,107
629
1,492
72,015
6,747
65,289
50,019
16,674
16,226
17,118
15,271
74,364
2,089
674
1,418
72,276
6,858
65,429
50,022
16,686
16,277
17,059
15,407
74,442
2,106
666
1,443
72,336
7,084
65,262
49,844
16,658
16,201
16,986
15,418
Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65,779
2,134
786
1,348
63,645
6,242
57,402
43,986
13,921
14,150
15,915
13,416
65,680
2,152
759
1,393
63,529
6,187
57,341
43,546
13,899
13,833
15,815
13,795
66,056
2,219
821
1,398
63,837
6,290
57,547
43,703
13,923
13,935
15,844
13,845
65,613
2,214
774
1,452
63,400
6,232
57,106
43,801
13,889
14,077
15,836
13,305
65,320
2,222
713
1,494
63,098
6,157
56,982
43,409
13,809
13,833
15,768
13,573
65,388
2,172
691
1,461
63,216
6,149
57,064
43,533
13,841
13,879
15,813
13,532
65,505
2,205
712
1,489
63,300
6,148
57,158
43,549
13,960
13,790
15,798
13,609
65,661
2,263
740
1,525
63,398
6,214
57,181
43,438
13,901
13,776
15,760
13,744
65,859
2,290
777
1,518
63,569
6,273
57,233
43,494
13,899
13,843
15,752
13,740
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43,492
34,642
8,959
43,938
34,095
9,173
43,940
34,401
9,101
43,301
34,553
43,004
33,676
43,145
33,734
43,184
33,845
43,637
34,052
43,632
34,239
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
112,342
27,407
112,980
27,522
113,456
27,530
111,585
27,433
111,907
27,631
111,859
27,606
112,330
27,407
112,357
27,704
112,778
27,514
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6,817
4.9
6,946
4.9
6,989
5.0
6,679
4.8
6,880
4.9
6,741
4.8
6,927
5.0
6,964
5.0
6,887
4.9
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5,037
9,657
4,950
9,249
5,030
9,374
9,684
9,372
9,335
9,394
9,173
9,383
1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated
population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic
Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates
Oct.
2010
Sept.
2011
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2010
June
2011
July
2011
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011
Oct.
2011
AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years................................... .
18 to 19 years................................... .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years................................... .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over............................ .
14,876
1,607
624
952
13,269
2,300
10,942
8,761
3,350
2,616
2,796
2,169
13,992
1,418
511
893
12,573
2,249
10,339
8,284
3,287
2,443
2,554
2,106
13,897
1,393
488
898
12,504
2,176
10,342
8,147
3,313
2,339
2,495
2,187
9.7
27.1
30.3
24.7
9.0
15.3
8.2
8.5
9.9
7.9
7.8
7.2
9.2
24.5
28.2
22.8
8.6
14.5
8.0
8.2
9.6
7.8
7.3
7.0
9.1
25.0
28.7
23.1
8.5
14.6
7.8
8.0
9.7
7.1
7.3
6.9
9.1
25.4
29.6
24.5
8.5
14.8
7.8
8.1
9.5
7.7
7.1
6.6
9.1
24.6
26.5
23.3
8.5
14.7
7.8
8.1
9.7
7.5
7.2
6.7
9.0
24.1
25.3
23.3
8.4
14.0
7.8
8.0
9.8
7.2
7.1
7.0
Men, 16 years and over.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years................................... .
18 to 19 years................................... .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years................................... .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over............................ .
8,530
879
337
529
7,651
1,297
6,321
5,007
1,913
1,479
1,615
1,315
7,758
807
257
533
6,952
1,286
5,712
4,572
1,817
1,354
1,401
1,139
7,809
796
249
551
7,013
1,222
5,808
4,605
1,895
1,324
1,386
1,203
10.4
29.4
33.8
26.8
9.7
16.5
8.9
9.1
10.4
8.2
8.6
8.3
9.7
27.4
30.7
25.7
9.1
15.5
8.4
8.6
10.0
8.1
7.7
7.9
9.6
27.2
29.9
25.6
9.0
15.7
8.2
8.4
10.2
7.5
7.7
7.4
9.6
28.1
28.6
28.9
8.9
16.5
8.1
8.5
9.8
8.1
7.4
7.0
9.4
27.9
27.6
27.3
8.8
15.8
8.0
8.4
9.8
7.7
7.6
6.9
9.5
27.4
27.2
27.6
8.8
14.7
8.2
8.5
10.2
7.6
7.5
7.2
Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years................................... .
18 to 19 years................................... .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years................................... .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over1 .......................... .
6,346
728
287
423
5,618
1,003
4,620
3,754
1,436
1,137
1,181
846
6,233
612
254
360
5,622
963
4,628
3,712
1,470
1,088
1,153
978
6,087
597
239
347
5,491
954
4,533
3,542
1,418
1,015
1,110
970
8.8
24.8
27.0
22.6
8.1
13.9
7.5
7.9
9.4
7.5
6.9
5.9
8.6
21.6
25.9
19.7
8.0
13.4
7.4
7.8
9.1
7.4
6.9
6.3
8.5
22.7
27.5
20.6
7.9
13.2
7.3
7.5
9.1
6.7
6.8
7.3
8.5
22.6
30.5
19.4
8.0
12.8
7.4
7.7
9.1
7.2
6.8
7.1
8.7
21.3
25.5
19.1
8.1
13.4
7.5
7.9
9.6
7.3
6.8
6.6
8.5
20.7
23.6
18.6
8.0
13.2
7.3
7.5
9.3
6.8
6.6
6.5
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3,225
2,079
1,267
2,738
2,127
1,294
2,707
2,092
1,275
6.9
5.7
12.4
6.2
5.6
12.8
6.1
5.6
12.1
5.9
5.8
11.9
5.9
5.9
12.4
5.8
5.8
12.3
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13,027
1,854
12,240
1,774
11,998
1,892
10.5
6.3
9.8
6.7
9.8
6.1
9.7
6.5
9.8
6.0
9.6
6.4
1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time
jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of
the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Reason
Oct.
2010
Sept.
2011
Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2010
June
2011
July
2011
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011
Oct.
2011
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff........................... .
Permanent job losers........................... .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . .
Job leavers............................................ .
Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8,331
890
7,441
6,009
1,432
876
3,466
1,230
7,636
813
6,823
5,383
1,440
1,064
3,500
1,320
7,390
861
6,528
5,170
1,359
1,103
3,368
1,242
9,070
1,293
7,777
6,254
1,523
854
3,498
1,278
8,261
1,251
7,010
5,606
1,405
965
3,430
1,222
8,215
1,268
6,947
5,567
1,380
928
3,410
1,270
8,203
1,247
6,956
5,545
1,411
963
3,532
1,241
8,121
1,196
6,925
5,500
1,426
967
3,504
1,327
8,006
1,236
6,770
5,362
1,409
1,072
3,400
1,293
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff........................... .
Job leavers............................................ .
Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59.9
6.4
53.5
6.3
24.9
8.8
56.5
6.0
50.5
7.9
25.9
9.8
56.4
6.6
49.8
8.4
25.7
9.5
61.7
8.8
52.9
5.8
23.8
8.7
59.5
9.0
50.5
7.0
24.7
8.8
59.4
9.2
50.3
6.7
24.7
9.2
58.8
8.9
49.9
6.9
25.3
8.9
58.3
8.6
49.8
6.9
25.2
9.5
58.1
9.0
49.2
7.8
24.7
9.4
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers............................................ .
Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.4
0.6
2.3
0.8
5.0
0.7
2.3
0.9
4.8
0.7
2.2
0.8
5.9
0.6
2.3
0.8
5.4
0.6
2.2
0.8
5.4
0.6
2.2
0.8
5.3
0.6
2.3
0.8
5.3
0.6
2.3
0.9
5.2
0.7
2.2
0.8
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Duration
Oct.
2010
Sept.
2011
Oct.
2011
Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2010
June
2011
July
2011
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011
Oct.
2011
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 weeks and over................................... .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2,432
3,037
8,434
2,335
6,099
2,760
2,726
8,034
1,816
6,217
2,443
2,985
7,674
1,936
5,738
2,659
3,427
8,734
2,500
6,234
3,076
2,972
8,125
1,836
6,289
2,689
3,088
8,150
1,965
6,185
2,755
3,050
8,273
2,239
6,034
2,772
2,904
8,328
2,086
6,242
2,694
3,250
7,924
2,048
5,876
Average (mean) duration, in weeks1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34.9
21.9
41.0
22.2
39.8
21.1
33.9
21.3
39.9
22.5
40.4
21.2
40.3
21.8
40.5
22.2
39.4
20.8
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 weeks and over................................... .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.5
21.8
60.7
16.8
43.9
20.4
20.2
59.4
13.4
46.0
18.6
22.8
58.6
14.8
43.8
17.9
23.1
58.9
16.9
42.1
21.7
21.0
57.3
13.0
44.4
19.3
22.2
58.5
14.1
44.4
19.6
21.7
58.8
15.9
42.9
19.8
20.7
59.5
14.9
44.6
19.4
23.4
57.1
14.8
42.4
1 Beginning in January 2011, this series reflects a change to the collection of data on unemployment duration. For more information, see
www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
Employed
Occupation
Total, 16 years and over1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service occupations................................................. .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations........................................................ .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............ .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations........................................................ .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations............. .
Unemployed
Unemployment
rates
Oct.
2010
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2010
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2010
Oct.
2011
139,749
51,818
140,987
52,864
13,903
2,417
13,102
2,410
9.0
4.5
8.5
4.4
20,699
31,119
24,540
33,394
15,439
17,955
21,700
31,164
25,108
32,932
15,323
17,609
1,089
1,328
2,758
3,300
1,548
1,752
1,068
1,342
2,772
3,023
1,368
1,655
5.0
4.1
10.1
9.0
9.1
8.9
4.7
4.1
9.9
8.4
8.2
8.6
13,091
1,085
7,026
4,980
13,121
1,028
7,125
4,969
2,060
155
1,456
449
1,746
174
1,184
388
13.6
12.5
17.2
8.3
11.7
14.5
14.2
7.2
16,906
8,255
8,651
16,963
8,474
8,489
2,091
1,134
958
1,857
897
961
11.0
12.1
10.0
9.9
9.6
10.2
1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2011 data, occupations reflect the
introduction of the 2010 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is
derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2011 are not strictly comparable with
earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker
Total, 16 years and over1 ............................................................... .

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... .
Construction.......................................................................... .
Manufacturing........................................................................ .
Durable goods..................................................................... .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ .
Professional and business services............................................... .
Education and health services..................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... .
Government workers................................................................... .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment
rates
Oct.
2010
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2010
Oct.
2011
13,903
10,990
89
1,445
1,474
937
537
1,888
404
300
590
1,525
1,263
1,458
554
176
950
557
13,102
10,126
69
1,129
1,200
759
441
1,764
462
195
524
1,495
1,221
1,448
618
198
924
612
9.0
9.3
10.4
17.3
9.5
9.8
9.0
9.2
6.9
9.8
6.7
10.6
5.8
11.1
8.8
11.0
4.3
5.4
8.5
8.5
7.8
13.7
7.7
8.0
7.3
8.6
7.8
6.6
5.8
10.1
5.6
10.8
9.6
13.4
4.3
6.1
1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Measure
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as

a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers,
plus all other persons marginally attached to
the labor force, as a percent of the civilian
labor force plus all persons marginally attached
to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
persons marginally attached to the labor
force................................................. .
Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2010
Sept.
2011
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2010
June
2011
July
2011
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011
Oct.
2011
5.5
5.2
5.0
5.7
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.1
5.4
5.0
4.8
5.9
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.2
9.0
8.8
8.5
9.7
9.2
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.0
9.8
9.4
9.1
10.4
9.8
9.8
9.7
9.7
9.6
10.6
10.2
10.0
11.2
10.7
10.7
10.6
10.5
10.5
15.9
15.7
15.3
17.0
16.2
16.1
16.2
16.5
16.2
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are
available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a
job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for
full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
Total
Category
Oct.
2010
Men
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2010
Women
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2010
Oct.
2011
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force............................................ .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . ............................. .
Marginally attached to the labor force1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3 . . . .
84,878
5,867
2,602
1,219
1,383
86,181
5,969
2,555
967
1,588
33,867
2,806
1,345
712
633
34,583
2,818
1,358
575
783
51,011
3,061
1,258
507
751
51,598
3,151
1,196
392
805
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6,817
4.9
3,653
1,850
197
1,103
6,989
5.0
3,631
1,851
222
1,251
3,177
4.3
1,834
647
118
573
3,415
4.6
1,993
588
156
659
3,640
5.5
1,819
1,203
80
531
3,574
5.4
1,638
1,263
65
592
1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week,
but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling
or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation
problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2010
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011p
Oct.
2011p
Oct.
2010
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011p
Oct.
2011p
131,071
108,429
18,103
131,058
110,193
18,507
131,689
109,876
18,438
132,572
110,230
18,408
130,015
107,713
17,785
131,278
109,242
18,075
131,436
109,433
18,104
131,516
109,537
18,094
Change
from:
Sept.2011
Oct.2011p
80
104
-10
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
743
51.4
692.0
161.5
210.4
82.3
320.1
814
49.4
764.4
178.6
222.0
87.0
363.8
816
49.7
766.1
179.9
219.6
87.0
366.6
823
48.6
774.0
183.0
220.5
87.0
370.5
734
49.1
685.0
162.5
206.1
82.4
316.4
800
47.1
753.0
177.4
214.4
86.7
361.2
805
47.3
757.4
180.6
214.4
86.9
362.4
810
46.4
763.5
183.6
215.2
87.1
364.7
5
-0.9
6.1
3.0
0.8
0.2
2.3
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . .
5,748
1,256.9
579.8
677.1
906.6
3,584.0
1,504.7
2,079.3
5,833
1,275.3
581.4
693.9
911.0
3,647.1
1,536.2
2,110.9
5,791
1,272.4
577.0
695.4
912.2
3,606.7
1,521.2
2,085.5
5,765
1,269.1
580.5
688.6
915.6
3,580.7
1,514.4
2,066.3
5,512
1,217.1
559.5
657.6
845.1
3,450.1
1,438.8
2,011.3
5,518
1,220.7
555.9
664.8
843.0
3,454.3
1,452.9
2,001.4
5,545
1,231.7
559.3
672.4
847.4
3,465.8
1,452.7
2,013.1
5,525
1,230.5
562.6
667.9
851.1
3,443.7
1,453.1
1,990.6
-20
-1.2
3.3
-4.5
3.7
-22.1
0.4
-22.5
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11,612
11,860
11,831
11,820
11,539
11,757
11,754
11,759
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products1 . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . .
Communication equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7,135
339.0
379.9
367.0
1,313.5
1,004.8
1,103.3
163.7
120.2
7,354
339.1
380.9
387.9
1,372.2
1,057.4
1,133.7
173.3
117.0
7,341
335.6
377.1
390.8
1,368.8
1,054.9
1,129.3
172.9
116.6
7,348
332.7
375.3
392.6
1,370.3
1,062.7
1,127.4
172.8
115.0
7,097
336.0
371.8
365.3
1,300.6
1,000.2
1,102.9
163.5
120.1
7,308
330.5
369.5
387.9
1,361.4
1,054.3
1,129.6
173.0
116.5
7,310
330.8
367.9
389.4
1,360.5
1,057.0
1,129.6
172.8
116.2
7,321
331.0
367.1
391.7
1,361.1
1,060.9
1,128.5
173.0
114.7
11
0.2
-0.8
2.3
0.6
3.9
-1.1
0.2
-1.5
372.5
403.3
365.3
1,336.1
680.5
355.1
571.3
390.5
403.9
374.0
1,372.2
700.0
357.2
579.1
389.5
402.1
371.8
1,382.2
709.1
354.3
575.8
389.2
402.1
372.1
1,389.1
713.0
351.1
574.7
372.1
403.8
364.7
1,333.3
678.2
354.5
567.5
388.4
402.9
371.7
1,373.9
702.2
351.7
577.7
389.2
402.8
371.2
1,376.9
704.2
351.2
575.3
389.5
402.8
371.7
1,386.4
710.4
350.1
572.9
0.3
0.0
0.5
9.5
6.2
-1.1
-2.4
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Beverages and tobacco products. . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leather and allied products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4,477
1,463.0
188.3
119.3
118.3
156.6
28.9
397.2
483.5
117.6
777.2
627.0
4,506
1,479.7
194.9
122.5
116.2
155.6
29.2
400.8
470.2
114.3
785.8
636.7
4,490
1,472.3
193.8
121.4
113.2
157.5
30.2
400.4
465.0
114.3
785.6
636.0
4,472
1,464.1
191.5
120.1
113.8
156.4
30.5
400.9
464.2
116.8
781.1
632.7
4,442
1,440.3
184.4
118.8
117.1
156.6
28.3
396.6
481.3
115.5
779.4
623.9
4,449
1,443.4
189.4
122.0
116.1
154.6
29.0
399.2
468.7
111.4
783.2
631.7
4,444
1,442.2
187.7
121.2
113.7
155.6
29.8
399.5
463.8
112.3
785.6
632.5
4,438
1,442.9
186.8
120.1
113.1
156.1
30.0
399.9
461.9
113.6
782.8
630.9
-6
0.7
-0.9
-1.1
-0.6
0.5
0.2
0.4
-1.9
1.3
-2.8
-1.6
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
90,326
91,686
91,438
91,822
89,928
91,167
91,329
91,443
114
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24,747
24,959
24,898
25,077
24,670
24,957
24,968
25,003
35
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic markets and agents and brokers.. .
5,488.5
2,736.6
1,941.5
810.4
5,573.9
2,790.8
1,962.2
820.9
5,547.1
2,774.8
1,954.3
818.0
5,568.5
2,784.7
1,961.3
822.5
5,467.4
2,728.3
1,931.8
807.3
5,547.8
2,776.9
1,952.8
818.1
5,541.8
2,774.3
1,951.6
815.9
5,549.9
2,778.2
1,952.1
819.6
8.1
3.9
0.5
3.7
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers1 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14,455.8
1,642.4
1,016.5
14,591.7
1,696.3
1,051.0
14,481.8
1,692.3
1,051.7
14,623.3
1,694.7
1,053.1
14,456.6
1,634.9
1,012.6
14,581.6
1,678.7
1,043.7
14,594.9
1,681.3
1,045.9
14,612.7
1,687.6
1,049.8
17.8
6.3
3.9
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Continued
[In thousands]
Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2010
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011p
Oct.
2011p
Oct.
2010
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011p
Oct.
2011p
Change
from:
Sept.2011
Oct.2011p
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . .

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply stores.. .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
444.0
508.3
1,098.0
2,815.1
974.7
816.2
1,396.8
430.2
485.8
1,128.4
2,855.0
977.4
835.6
1,435.7
431.7
477.0
1,107.8
2,840.5
974.7
822.8
1,410.4
449.7
488.1
1,103.7
2,848.9
978.3
822.2
1,444.7
439.6
506.1
1,109.9
2,810.6
977.6
814.4
1,401.1
437.2
493.8
1,119.9
2,840.1
977.5
821.2
1,436.5
438.6
485.6
1,119.6
2,846.7
980.4
816.9
1,444.5
443.0
486.5
1,120.5
2,844.5
979.7
820.2
1,445.9
4.4
0.9
0.9
-2.2
-0.7
3.3
1.4
598.7
2,967.3
1,479.4
765.7
428.6
598.4
2,966.6
1,478.5
771.0
411.3
596.4
2,941.3
1,460.8
768.3
418.6
595.0
2,995.9
1,495.7
772.2
429.9
597.4
2,988.2
1,495.1
757.8
419.0
600.1
2,991.0
1,500.2
766.7
418.9
598.7
2,997.2
1,502.6
768.3
417.1
595.7
3,007.2
1,508.0
764.7
417.2
-3.0
10.0
5.4
-3.6
0.1
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4,253.1
464.6
218.7
64.0
1,271.7
4,238.5
479.7
226.9
65.8
1,305.2
4,315.1
476.1
227.1
64.7
1,305.5
4,331.6
475.0
227.1
65.3
1,306.7
4,196.2
463.7
218.4
63.5
1,250.2
4,274.5
475.7
226.5
63.6
1,281.8
4,277.0
475.1
226.1
64.0
1,283.7
4,286.4
474.9
226.6
64.7
1,286.8
9.4
-0.2
0.5
0.7
3.1
462.0
42.0
28.6
546.3
519.4
635.8
377.4
43.0
37.0
558.0
513.4
632.1
455.8
43.2
34.0
557.0
517.1
634.6
462.5
43.2
31.0
562.6
515.6
642.6
442.9
41.8
28.1
543.0
516.5
628.1
445.0
42.9
28.9
556.1
521.9
632.1
444.0
43.2
28.6
557.0
522.8
632.5
444.6
43.1
29.7
559.3
521.8
634.9
0.6
-0.1
1.1
2.3
-1.0
2.4
Industry
Retail trade - Continued
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
549.5
554.8
553.6
553.2
549.8
552.6
554.1
553.5
-0.6
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2,696
759.1
2,637
756.5
2,651
753.4
2,652
756.0
2,697
758.9
2,627
755.3
2,661
754.5
2,656
755.4
-5
0.9
368.2
297.3
887.3
376.7
293.5
809.6
358.2
294.0
846.2
353.4
295.1
844.0
372.0
296.0
886.2
366.5
294.3
809.6
361.2
294.4
849.1
358.5
293.8
844.2
-2.7
-0.6
-4.9
240.3
143.5
237.5
163.3
237.0
162.6
238.6
164.5
240.6
143.3
239.5
162.0
238.5
163.0
238.9
164.8
0.4
1.8
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1 . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . .
Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles. . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . .
7,621
5,683.8
20.7
7,657
5,678.6
22.0
7,610
5,655.1
21.8
7,615
5,665.2
21.9
7,617
5,685.6
20.8
7,612
5,670.4
21.8
7,607
5,666.1
21.8
7,611
5,665.9
22.0
4
-0.2
0.2
2,548.8
1,737.5
1,311.9
2,545.6
1,763.8
1,330.0
2,537.1
1,753.5
1,322.9
2,539.8
1,754.5
1,323.3
2,552.0
1,738.9
1,313.8
2,542.9
1,757.8
1,325.8
2,542.8
1,757.8
1,325.4
2,540.8
1,756.7
1,324.5
-2.0
-1.1
-0.9
801.5
2,225.6
87.2
1,936.8
1,396.6
515.0
25.2
814.1
2,211.1
85.8
1,978.8
1,423.7
529.2
25.9
807.2
2,203.7
85.3
1,954.5
1,403.1
525.6
25.8
808.5
2,208.9
86.1
1,949.5
1,405.9
517.6
26.0
800.3
2,225.7
86.8
1,931.7
1,391.6
514.7
25.4
811.7
2,208.2
85.8
1,941.9
1,402.6
513.5
25.8
809.2
2,206.5
85.8
1,941.2
1,396.5
518.8
25.9
808.3
2,209.0
85.8
1,945.2
1,401.3
517.9
26.0
-0.9
2.5
0.0
4.0
4.8
-0.9
0.1
16,950
7,398.0
1,116.3
805.7
1,282.7
17,368
7,624.6
1,118.2
849.8
1,320.3
17,358
7,600.3
1,109.1
851.3
1,309.6
17,490
7,653.7
1,113.8
860.5
1,311.3
16,759
7,422.9
1,115.9
871.4
1,272.6
17,239
7,661.0
1,113.7
924.6
1,301.5
17,289
7,684.0
1,112.5
930.2
1,304.4
17,321
7,687.2
1,112.9
932.2
1,302.2
32
3.2
0.4
2.0
-2.2
1,465.1
1,520.7
1,517.1
1,530.1
1,456.9
1,515.2
1,519.9
1,522.8
2.9
1,003.4
1,055.6
1,052.0
1,069.5
994.6
1,053.6
1,057.3
1,061.1
3.8
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Professional and technical services1 . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Continued
[In thousands]
Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2010
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011p
Oct.
2011p
Oct.
2010
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011p
Oct.
2011p
Change
from:
Sept.2011
Oct.2011p
Management of companies and enterprises. . . .

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services1 . . . . . . . .
Employment services1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,868.7
7,683.5
7,321.8
2,912.2
2,259.0
816.6
1,794.9
1,895.9
7,847.8
7,472.8
2,982.6
2,296.6
795.9
1,866.0
1,892.9
7,864.4
7,491.5
3,036.9
2,354.9
794.8
1,830.6
1,897.7
7,938.9
7,568.9
3,107.0
2,423.8
805.2
1,819.3
1,869.9
7,466.3
7,106.6
2,765.8
2,137.3
809.2
1,747.9
1,887.8
7,690.1
7,323.6
2,937.0
2,270.3
804.4
1,765.3
1,892.6
7,712.0
7,343.7
2,959.4
2,291.4
802.6
1,766.1
1,896.8
7,737.4
7,369.7
2,973.8
2,306.4
797.5
1,773.2
4.2
25.4
26.0
14.4
15.0
-5.1
7.1
361.7
375.0
372.9
370.0
359.7
366.5
368.3
367.7
-0.6
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services1 . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities1 . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19,865
3,320.1
16,544.6
13,884.0
6,039.1
2,330.1
606.9
1,097.4
4,696.6
3,148.3
1,667.9
2,660.6
867.6
19,694
2,907.6
16,786.4
14,160.0
6,185.9
2,374.3
622.9
1,133.5
4,767.8
3,206.3
1,687.6
2,626.4
804.9
20,014
3,188.6
16,825.7
14,160.3
6,190.5
2,377.9
625.5
1,139.8
4,772.9
3,196.9
1,683.1
2,665.4
848.7
20,297
3,398.9
16,898.4
14,201.7
6,218.2
2,398.1
630.9
1,144.0
4,779.5
3,204.0
1,686.7
2,696.7
862.1
19,695
3,170.1
16,524.4
13,875.0
6,033.4
2,327.8
607.2
1,096.1
4,694.1
3,147.5
1,667.0
2,649.4
856.1
20,036
3,225.7
16,810.5
14,131.7
6,178.0
2,373.3
622.4
1,133.9
4,758.0
3,195.7
1,683.6
2,678.8
853.9
20,094
3,237.6
16,856.6
14,176.7
6,201.7
2,383.8
627.1
1,139.9
4,774.8
3,200.2
1,684.4
2,679.9
852.6
20,122
3,248.6
16,872.9
14,188.3
6,206.5
2,392.0
630.0
1,141.9
4,778.1
3,203.7
1,686.9
2,684.6
852.7
28
11.0
16.3
11.6
4.8
8.2
2.9
2.0
3.3
3.5
2.5
4.7
0.1
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks. . .
Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . .
13,031
1,861.8
410.9
126.3
1,324.6
11,169.0
1,755.0
9,414.0
13,870
2,160.0
431.4
144.2
1,584.4
11,709.8
1,954.0
9,755.8
13,462
1,978.7
433.2
132.9
1,412.6
11,483.2
1,846.2
9,637.0
13,238
1,866.5
410.2
131.9
1,324.4
11,371.8
1,798.8
9,573.0
13,072
1,899.8
404.8
125.9
1,369.1
11,172.4
1,766.2
9,406.2
13,240
1,897.5
401.6
131.7
1,364.2
11,342.7
1,811.9
9,530.8
13,253
1,895.6
406.7
130.8
1,358.1
11,357.2
1,808.1
9,549.1
13,275
1,902.1
404.1
131.8
1,366.2
11,373.0
1,811.1
9,561.9
22
6.5
-2.6
1.0
8.1
15.8
3.0
12.8
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . . .
5,416
1,146.0
1,268.4
3,002.0
5,501
1,159.0
1,293.9
3,048.3
5,445
1,157.4
1,288.3
2,998.9
5,453
1,158.2
1,284.1
3,010.7
5,418
1,145.2
1,272.3
3,000.0
5,456
1,152.7
1,287.1
3,016.2
5,457
1,155.6
1,289.9
3,011.1
5,455
1,156.8
1,288.0
3,009.9
-2
1.2
-1.9
-1.2
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . .
22,642
2,850.0
2,198.5
651.1
5,297.0
2,552.1
2,744.6
14,495.0
8,206.5
6,288.7
20,865
2,837.0
2,219.7
617.1
4,816.0
2,114.4
2,701.5
13,212.0
6,772.2
6,439.8
21,813
2,825.0
2,214.2
610.7
5,095.0
2,409.2
2,686.2
13,893.0
7,637.7
6,254.9
22,342
2,813.0
2,191.2
622.0
5,210.0
2,551.3
2,658.8
14,319.0
8,107.7
6,211.6
22,302
2,847.0
2,199.9
646.6
5,146.0
2,393.7
2,752.2
14,309.0
7,980.0
6,328.6
22,036
2,818.0
2,197.3
620.7
5,086.0
2,402.7
2,682.8
14,132.0
7,874.5
6,257.6
22,003
2,814.0
2,199.1
614.8
5,078.0
2,397.0
2,680.9
14,111.0
7,860.4
6,250.7
21,979
2,812.0
2,194.6
617.5
5,058.0
2,392.7
2,665.3
14,109.0
7,861.6
6,247.2
-24
-2.0
-4.5
2.7
-20.0
-4.3
-15.6
-2.0
1.2
-3.5
Industry
Professional and business services - Continued
1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2010
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011p
Oct.
2011p
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................. .
Nondurable goods.............................................................. .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade...................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities........................................................................... .
Information......................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services..................................................................... .
34.3
39.8
43.6
38.2
40.4
40.6
40.0
33.2
34.4
38.4
31.4
38.6
41.7
36.8
37.0
35.8
32.8
25.9
31.7
34.2
39.8
44.2
38.2
40.3
40.6
39.7
33.1
34.3
38.5
31.3
38.4
41.6
36.3
37.1
35.7
32.7
25.8
31.5
34.3
39.9
44.3
38.5
40.3
40.7
39.6
33.2
34.5
38.8
31.4
38.3
42.3
36.6
37.4
35.8
32.7
25.8
31.6
34.3
40.0
44.9
38.2
40.5
40.9
40.0
33.2
34.4
38.8
31.3
38.5
42.3
36.8
37.3
35.8
32.6
25.9
31.7
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods................................................................... .
3.1
2.9
3.4
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.2
Industry
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Industry
Oct.
2010
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011p
Oct.
2011p
Total private................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade......................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Information............................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services........................................ .
$22.77
24.20
27.71
25.25
23.49
24.95
21.11
22.43
19.79
26.29
15.63
21.16
32.84
31.03
27.38
27.47
23.15
13.12
20.36
$23.08
24.45
28.06
25.48
23.72
25.27
21.12
22.76
20.05
26.31
15.76
21.89
33.74
31.43
27.82
27.85
23.63
13.23
20.52
$23.14
24.52
28.28
25.50
23.79
25.33
21.18
22.81
20.07
26.31
15.79
21.84
34.00
31.29
27.94
27.91
23.67
13.27
20.53
$23.19
24.58
28.23
25.48
23.90
25.48
21.23
22.86
20.11
26.43
15.81
21.81
33.97
31.25
28.01
28.02
23.73
13.28
20.55
p Preliminary
Oct.
2010
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011p
Oct.
2011p
$ 781.01 $ 789.34 $ 793.70 $ 795.42

963.16
973.11
978.35
983.20
1,208.16 1,240.25 1,252.80 1,267.53
964.55
973.34
981.75
973.34
949.00
955.92
958.74
967.95
1,012.97 1,025.96 1,030.93 1,042.13
844.40
838.46
838.73
849.20
744.68
753.36
757.29
758.95
680.78
687.72
692.42
691.78
1,009.54 1,012.94 1,020.83 1,025.48
490.78
493.29
495.81
494.85
816.78
840.58
836.47
839.69
1,369.43 1,403.58 1,438.20 1,436.93
1,141.90 1,140.91 1,145.21 1,150.00
1,013.06 1,032.12 1,044.96 1,044.77
983.43
994.25
999.18 1,003.12
759.32
772.70
774.01
773.60
339.81
341.33
342.37
343.95
645.41
646.38
648.75
651.44
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2
Industry
Oct.
2010
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011p
Oct.
2011p
Percent
change
from:
Sept.
2011 Oct.
2011p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction................................. .
Manufacturing............................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade.......................... .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services...... .
Education and health services. . . . ........ .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
92.6
80.6
100.6
72.6
83.9
81.1
88.7
95.9
92.2
91.6
92.2
92.7
99.2
90.6
92.9
94.4
105.1
96.6
95.2
93.6
82.0
111.1
72.6
85.2
83.5
88.2
96.9
93.0
93.2
92.7
93.9
99.4
87.1
93.1
96.8
106.6
97.5
95.2
94.1
82.3
112.1
73.6
85.2
83.8
87.8
97.4
93.6
93.8
93.1
93.8
101.4
88.9
93.7
97.3
106.9
97.6
95.5
94.2
82.5
114.3
72.7
85.7
84.3
88.6
97.5
93.5
94.0
92.9
94.5
101.3
89.3
93.5
97.5
106.8
98.1
95.8
0.1
0.2
2.0
-1.2
0.6
0.6
0.9
0.1
-0.1
0.2
-0.2
0.7
-0.1
0.4
-0.2
0.2
-0.1
0.5
0.3
Oct.
2010
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011p
Oct.
2011p
Percent
change
from:
Sept.
2011 Oct.
2011p
100.5
88.2
111.9
79.6
91.6
89.9
95.0
104.2
98.2
100.5
95.3
99.5
107.6
100.1
99.3
105.0
114.0
102.3
110.0
103.0
90.6
125.2
80.4
94.0
93.8
94.5
106.9
100.4
102.3
96.6
104.4
110.8
97.5
101.1
109.2
118.0
104.0
110.9
103.8
91.2
127.2
81.5
94.3
94.2
94.4
107.6
101.1
103.0
97.2
103.9
113.9
99.1
102.2
110.1
118.6
104.4
111.3
104.1
91.6
129.5
80.5
95.2
95.4
95.4
108.0
101.2
103.6
97.1
104.5
113.7
99.3
102.3
110.7
118.7
105.1
111.7
0.3
0.4
1.8
-1.2
1.0
1.3
1.1
0.4
0.1
0.6
-0.1
0.6
-0.2
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.7
0.4
1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual
average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding
2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly
hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)
Percent of all employees
Industry
Oct.
2010
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011p
Oct.
2011p
Oct.
2010
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011p
Oct.
2011p
Total nonfarm.............. . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... .

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing..................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing...................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality............................ .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64,609
51,950
4,057
99
710
3,248
1,714
1,534
47,893
10,000
1,642.9
7,217.8
1,002.6
136.3
1,095
4,468
7,456
15,181
6,826
2,867
12,659
64,911
52,376
4,053
107
709
3,237
1,716
1,521
48,323
10,006
1,670.0
7,194.7
1,006.6
134.4
1,076
4,439
7,656
15,373
6,890
2,883
12,535
64,952
52,431
4,052
107
711
3,234
1,714
1,520
48,379
9,989
1,668.5
7,185.9
1,000.0
134.6
1,081
4,425
7,675
15,413
6,916
2,880
12,521
65,018
52,491
4,049
109
710
3,230
1,711
1,519
48,442
10,000
1,668.1
7,194.6
1,003.1
134.4
1,079
4,419
7,705
15,433
6,928
2,878
12,527
49.7
48.2
22.8
13.5
12.9
28.1
24.2
34.5
53.3
40.5
30.0
49.9
23.9
24.8
40.6
58.7
44.5
77.1
52.2
52.9
56.8
49.4
47.9
22.4
13.4
12.8
27.5
23.5
34.2
53.0
40.1
30.1
49.3
23.5
24.3
41.0
58.3
44.4
76.7
52.0
52.8
56.9
49.4
47.9
22.4
13.3
12.8
27.5
23.4
34.2
53.0
40.0
30.1
49.2
23.4
24.3
40.6
58.2
44.4
76.7
52.2
52.8
56.9
49.4
47.9
22.4
13.5
12.9
27.5
23.4
34.2
53.0
40.0
30.1
49.2
23.4
24.3
40.6
58.1
44.5
76.7
52.2
52.8
57.0
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry
Oct.
2010
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011p
Oct.
2011p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing....... . . . . . . . . . . . ..................................................... .
Mining and logging.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction.......................................................................... .
Manufacturing........................................................................ .
Durable goods..................................................................... .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. .
Wholesale trade................................................................... .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing................................................ .
Utilities.............................................................................. .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ .
Professional and business services............................................... .
Education and health services..................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88,785
12,809
550
4,187
8,072
4,846
3,226
75,976
20,880
4,373.3
12,445.8
3,620.3
440.9
2,167
5,856
13,724
17,275
11,535
4,539
90,034
13,020
601
4,171
8,248
5,010
3,238
77,014
21,123
4,446.3
12,552.2
3,683.4
441.2
2,100
5,823
14,184
17,548
11,672
4,564
90,227
13,047
603
4,195
8,249
5,011
3,238
77,180
21,143
4,440.7
12,574.5
3,686.2
441.4
2,137
5,821
14,218
17,596
11,699
4,566
90,319
13,044
607
4,182
8,255
5,022
3,233
77,275
21,168
4,448.4
12,582.0
3,697.2
440.0
2,135
5,829
14,241
17,626
11,707
4,569
1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Oct.
2010
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011p
Oct.
2011p
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................. .
Nondurable goods.............................................................. .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade...................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities........................................................................... .
Information......................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services..................................................................... .
33.5
40.6
44.6
38.9
41.2
41.4
40.9
32.3
33.4
38.2
30.2
37.4
42.6
36.3
36.3
35.3
32.3
24.9
30.8
33.5
40.8
46.3
39.0
41.3
41.7
40.6
32.3
33.6
38.4
30.4
37.7
42.0
35.9
36.3
35.1
32.3
24.7
30.7
33.6
40.8
46.7
39.0
41.3
41.8
40.7
32.4
33.6
38.6
30.4
37.6
42.2
36.1
36.5
35.2
32.4
24.7
30.7
33.7
40.9
47.1
38.9
41.5
41.8
40.9
32.5
33.7
38.7
30.5
37.7
42.3
36.2
36.6
35.2
32.4
24.9
30.8
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods................................................................... .
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.0
4.0
4.1
3.9
4.1
4.2
4.0
Industry
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Industry
Oct.
2010
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011p
Oct.
2011p
Total private................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade......................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Information............................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services........................................ .
$19.23
20.41
23.86
23.38
18.71
19.88
16.92
18.98
16.99
21.82
13.38
19.22
30.38
26.22
21.68
23.00
20.33
11.30
17.19
$19.47
20.71
24.54
23.79
18.92
20.08
17.07
19.21
17.15
21.98
13.46
19.52
30.94
26.53
21.75
23.14
20.83
11.47
17.25
$19.50
20.68
24.41
23.74
18.91
20.07
17.06
19.25
17.19
21.99
13.47
19.62
31.19
26.66
21.86
23.14
20.85
11.45
17.27
$19.53
20.74
24.47
23.72
19.01
20.20
17.11
19.28
17.24
22.06
13.56
19.58
30.91
26.74
21.92
23.22
20.86
11.44
17.28
Oct.
2010
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011p
Oct.
2011p
$ 644.21 $ 652.25 $ 655.20 $ 658.16

828.65
844.97
843.74
848.27
1,064.16 1,136.20 1,139.95 1,152.54
909.48
927.81
925.86
922.71
770.85
781.40
780.98
788.92
823.03
837.34
838.93
844.36
692.03
693.04
694.34
699.80
613.05
620.48
623.70
626.60
567.47
576.24
577.58
580.99
833.52
844.03
848.81
853.72
404.08
409.18
409.49
413.58
718.83
735.90
737.71
738.17
1,294.19 1,299.48 1,316.22 1,307.49
951.79
952.43
962.43
967.99
786.98
789.53
797.89
802.27
811.90
812.21
814.53
817.34
656.66
672.81
675.54
675.86
281.37
283.31
282.82
284.86
529.45
529.58
530.19
532.22
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3
Industry
Oct.
2010
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011p
Oct.
2011p
Percent
change
from:
Sept.
2011 Oct.
2011p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction................................. .
Manufacturing............................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade.......................... .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services...... .
Education and health services. . . . ........ .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
99.4
79.5
130.4
81.6
76.3
75.4
77.7
104.9
97.2
98.4
95.1
101.9
96.1
89.8
101.7
108.6
120.4
105.3
98.1
100.8
81.2
147.9
81.4
78.2
78.5
77.5
106.4
98.9
100.5
96.6
104.5
94.8
86.1
101.2
111.6
122.3
105.7
98.3
101.3
81.3
149.6
81.9
78.2
78.7
77.6
106.9
99.0
100.9
96.8
104.3
95.3
88.1
101.7
112.2
123.0
105.9
98.3
101.7
81.5
151.9
81.5
78.6
78.9
77.9
107.4
99.4
101.4
97.1
104.9
95.2
88.2
102.1
112.3
123.2
106.8
98.7
0.4
0.2
1.5
-0.5
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.6
-0.1
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.8
0.4
Oct.
2010
Aug.
2011
Sept.
2011p
Oct.
2011p
Percent
change
from:
Sept.
2011 Oct.
2011p
127.7
99.3
180.9
103.0
93.4
93.5
93.0
136.5
117.8
126.5
109.1
124.3
121.8
116.6
136.4
148.6
160.9
135.1
122.8
131.1
102.9
211.0
104.6
96.7
98.4
93.4
140.1
121.0
130.2
111.4
129.4
122.4
113.0
136.0
153.6
167.4
137.6
123.5
132.0
103.0
212.4
105.0
96.7
98.6
93.6
141.1
121.4
130.8
111.7
129.9
124.0
116.2
137.4
154.4
168.6
137.7
123.7
132.7
103.5
216.2
104.3
97.7
99.5
94.2
142.0
122.3
131.7
112.9
130.3
122.8
116.8
138.4
155.2
168.9
138.8
124.3
0.5
0.5
1.8
-0.7
1.0
0.9
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
1.1
0.3
-1.0
0.5
0.7
0.5
0.2
0.8
0.5
2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual
average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding
2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly
hours, and employment.
p Preliminary

Employment Situation November 2011

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Employment Situation November 2011

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Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, November 4, 2011

(202) 691-5902 PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OCTOBER 2011

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month

Oct-10 Jan-11 A pr-11

Household Survey Data

The Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on Friday, December 2,

Administrative Changes to Household Survey

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reason for unemployment

Employed persons at work part time

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

HOURS AND EARNINGS

HOURS AND EARNINGS

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

The household survey includes agricultural

The household survey includes people on unpaid

The household survey is limited to workers 16

The household survey has no duplication of

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from

Not seasonally adjusted

Men, 16 years and over

Men, 20 years and over

Women, 16 years and over

Women, 20 years and over

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Not seasonally adjusted

See footnotes at end of table.

Not seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Less than a high school diploma

High school graduates, no college1

Some college or associate degree

Bachelors degree and higher2

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Gulf War-era II veterans

Gulf War-era I veterans

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Veterans of other service periods

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Persons with no disability

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Native born, 16 years and over

1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

AGE AND SEX

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

AGE AND SEX

Men, 16 years and over.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS