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13 Sound
wavelengths wide.
Practice 13.1 (p. 193)
1 B (b) Diffraction is a property of sound
By v = fλ, waves. Since the width of the doorway
340 is comparable to the wavelength of the
λ= = 0.113 m
3000 sound waves, waves bend around the
Since the separation of the loudspeakers doorway when they pass through it.
should be of a few wavelengths, 0.3 m is the 6 (a) By v = fλ,
most appropriate separation. f 340
λ= = = 0.34 m
2 A λ 1000
3 C The two loudspeakers are 1 m apart.
4 (a) 1.0
= 2.94 wavelengths
0.34
Therefore, they are 2.94 wavelengths
apart.
(b) If the two loudspeakers are 0.5 m apart,
the loud sounds in the interference
pattern become more widely spaced.
7 If the frequency of the speakers were
lowered, the wavelength of the waves
increases. The nodal and antinodal lines of
the interference pattern decrease in number
and are more widely spaced. Therefore, the
(b) Since low frequency noise has longer points C and D move farther apart.
wavelength, it bends more when passing
the barrier. Hence, flats in the shadow of Practice 13.2 (p. 204)
the barrier are still affected by the low 1 B
frequency noise and barrier is not 2 D
effective to shield the building from 3 B
such noise. 4 C
5 (a) By v = fλ, Let a be the distance between the boy and
v 340 cliff A and b be the distance between the boy
λ= = = 0.68 m
f 500
and cliff B.
1.5
= 2.21 wavelengths The first echo is heard at t = 0.8 s.
0.68
s = vt
The doorway of 1.5 m is 2.21
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 123 Oxford University Press 2006
C Waves Chapter 13 Sound
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 124 Oxford University Press 2006
C Waves Chapter 13 Sound
s
14 v=
t
5.0
= = 333 m s–1
0.015
The speed of sound is 333 m s–1.
15 (a) By v = fλ,
v
f=
λ
340
=
1.33
= 255.6 Hz
v = fλ (c)
= 255.6 × 5.47
= 1400 m s–1
The speed of sound in the medium is
1400 m s–1.
(b) This phenomenon is called refraction.
1
5 (a) T =
f
1
(b) = = 3.83 × 10–3 s
261
The period of one vibration of this tone
is 3.83× 10–3 s.
(b) By v = fλ,
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 125 Oxford University Press 2006
C Waves Chapter 13 Sound
v
λ=
f Conventional (p. 220)
340
= Section A
261
1 (a) Assume the time of travel by light is
= 1.3 m
negligible.
The wavelength of the note is 1.3 m. s
6 (a) Noises at 130 dB produce ear pain. v= (1M)
t
(b) Students’ conversation and loudspeakers 2000
= = 345 m s–1 (1A)
are two sources of noise in school. 5.8
(c) Students talk gently and lower the The speed of sound is 345 m s–1.
volume of loudspeakers. (b) s = vt (1M)
= 345 × 0.2 = 69 m (1A)
Revision exercise 13 The height of the cliff is 69 m.
Multiple-choice (p. 218) 2 (a) The elastic string sets the air particles
Section A around it to vibrate. (1A)
1 B The vibrations of air particles are
2 B transmitted to Joe’s ear and hence he
3 C can hear the sound. (1A)
1
4 C (b) (i) f = (1M)
T
5 D
1
6 (HKCEE 2003 Paper II Q29) =
2 × 10 −3
7 (HKCEE 2005 Paper II Q13)
= 500 Hz (1A)
The frequency of the sound
Section B
produced is 500 Hz.
8 C
(ii) By v = fλ, (1M)
The path difference v
λ=
= S2P – S1P = 4.2 m – 3.4 m = 0.8 m f
Constructive interference takes place at a 340
=
position where the path difference is equal to 500
whole number of wavelengths. Therefore, it = 0.68 m (1A)
is impossible that the wavelength of the The wavelength of the sound is
sound equals to 0.6 m. 0.68 m.
9 D 3 (a) (i) When the loudspeaker produces a
10 D sound, the loudspeaker cone
11 (HKCEE 2002 Paper II Q28) moves in and out rapidly. (1A)
12 (HKCEE 2005 Paper II Q37) This stretches and compresses the
13 (HKCEE 2005 Paper II Q38) air in front. (1A)
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 126 Oxford University Press 2006
C Waves Chapter 13 Sound
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 127 Oxford University Press 2006
C Waves Chapter 13 Sound
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 128 Oxford University Press 2006
C Waves Chapter 13 Sound
= 2.22 × 10−3 s
1
f= (1M)
T
1
=
2.22 × 10 −3
= 450 Hz (1A)
By v = fλ, (1M)
v
λ=
f
(Correct amplitude.) (1A) 340
=
(Correct period.) (1A) 450
(b) The waveform of Michael’s voice has a = 0.756 m (1A)
larger amplitude. (1A) The wavelength of the sound is
The waveform of Michael’s voice 0.756 m.
shows a quality different from Julia’s.
(1A)
(c)
(ii)
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 129 Oxford University Press 2006
C Waves Chapter 13 Sound
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 130 Oxford University Press 2006
C Waves Chapter 13 Sound
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 131 Oxford University Press 2006
C Waves Chapter 13 Sound
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 132 Oxford University Press 2006
C Waves Chapter 13 Sound
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 133 Oxford University Press 2006