DISASTER MANAGEMENT

DISASTER

• Disaster is any occurrence that causes

damage,ecological disruption,loss of human
life or deterioration of health services on a
scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary
response from outside the affected
community or area.
TYPES OF DISASTER
• PREDICTABLE: • UNPREDICTABLE:
• Epidemics • Earth Quakes
• Floods • Volcanic eruptions
• Tsunamis • Avalanches
• Tornadoes • Land Slides
• Cyclones
• Hurricanes
• Snow Storms
• Heat & Cold waves
• PREVENTABLE:
• Epidemics
• Industrial accidents
• Space accidents
• Aircraft crashes
• Shipwrecks
• Train accidents
• Oil Spills
• Sports disaster
• Fires & Explosions
• DISASTER - INTENDED GOAL OF
ACTION:
• WARS
• 1st & 2nd World wars
• Atom bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki
• Gulf wars
• Civil wars
• TERRORIST ATTACKS
• 9/11 Terrorist attacks
• Biological warfare
• Power conflicts-Kashmir,Sri Lanka,Taliban
 DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• Disaster response

• Disaster preparedness

• Disaster mitigation
 IMPACT OF DISASTER

• Depends on
• Type of Disaster
• Density & Distribution of Population
• Condition of Environment
• Degree of preparedness
• Warning Alert
 Injured & Dead
• Injuries > Death • Dead > Injured
• Explosions • Landslides
• Earthquakes • Avalanches
• Typhoons • Volcanic eruptions
• Hurricanes • Tsunamis
• Fires • Floods
• Tornadoes
 DISASTER RESPONSE

• Emergency Phase - War Footing

• First 12 -24 hours
• Uninjured survivors-Major rescue force
• Mobilize Army,Navy,Air Force & Coast
Guard
• Specialized Teams - Rescue Police
• Search for victims
• Rescue those still fighting to survive
• First aid
 Field Care
• Shift to community halls, temples,
churches, mosques & makeshift tents.
• Food & water supply
• Enquiry centre establishment
• Victim Identification
• Shifting of dead to mortury
 Medical care

• Mobilize medical professionals from cities

• Shift injured survivors to nearby GH
• Bed availability
• Surgical Services
• Referral to tertiary centres
• Mobilize health care teams to peripheries
• Adequate mortuary space
 TRIAGE

• Classification of injured based on severity

of injuries & likelihood of survival with
medication
• Done by Trained Health workers
• When is it needed?
• Injured > Dead
• Quantity & severity of injured > operative
capacity of health facilities
Four colour code of Triage

• Red-High priority

• Yellow-Medium priority

• Green-Ambulatory Patients

• Black-Dead/Moribund Patients
 TAGGING

• Patient Identification
• Name
• Age
• Place of origin
• Triage Category
• Diagnosis
• Initial Treatment
 CARE OF DEAD

• Removal of dead as soon as possible

• Shifting to mortury
• Identification
• Reception of bereaved relatives
• Quick disposal of Dead bodies
• Prevent contamination with water sources
• Video recording of unclaimed/unidentified
bodies
 DISASTER RELIEF
• Humanitarian assistance reaches site of
disaster
• Depends on
• 1) Type of disaster
• 2)Type & Quantity available locally
• Critical supplies needed for
• 1)Rx of casualties
• 2)Prevent outbreak of epidemics
Relief management-components

• Rapid damage assessment & identify needs

& resources
• Acquisition of supplies
• Transportation to site
• Storage
• Distribution at the site.
• Manpower
 Prevention of epidemic outbreak

• Implement essential public health measures

• Disease reporting system-Camps
• Initiate prompt control measures
• Investigate all reports of outbreaks
• Proper disposal of excreta and safe water
• Mass vaccination-Typhoid,Cholera,Tetanus
 Nutrition

• Disaster affects 1 or more components of

food chain
• High risk group:
• Infants
• Children
• Pregnant women
• Nursing mothers
• Sick persons
 Food relief programs

• Assessment of food requirement after

disaster
• Gauging nutritional needs
• Distribution of food supplies according to
needs
• Monitor Nutritional needs of people
• Immediate action
REHABILITATION

• Final phase - restoration of pre-disaster

conditions
• Very 1st moment after disaster
• Casualty Treatment -> Routine health care
• Health care -> environment measures
• Reconstruction of houses
• Livelihood
• Water supply:
Chlorination-residual
Chlorination chlorine -0.7mg/l
Prevents microbial contamination
Screening for potential chemical contaminants
to prevent chemical toxicity
• Water sources:
Restrict access
Safe excreta disposal
Upgrade wells
Ration water supply
Prohibit human activity
Food Safety
Emergency Latrines – Displaced population
Proper hygiene
Vector Control
Implement vector control programs
Dengue
Malaria
Leptospirosis
Rat bite fever
Typhus
Plague
 Orphans
Major Disasters-Displaced population

Locate Relatives

NGOs & Social organization responsibility

Reintegrate into society

Health & Family Welfare ministry

DISASTER MITIGATION

• Prevent hazards from causing emergency

• Reduce likely effects of emergencies
Flood mitigation works
Appropriate land use planning
Improved building codes-Fire accidents
Protection of vulnerable population &
structures
 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

• Multisectoral activity
• Program of long term development
• Goals:
Strengthen the overall capacity & capability to
manage all emergencies
Orderly transition relief->recovery->sustained
development
• Objective:
Prompt assistance
Facilitate relief measures
Rehabilitation of services

• Corner stone:
Community members
Resources
Organizations
Administration
Tasks of Disaster Preparedness
• Evaluate risk of particular region
• Adopt standards & regulations
• Organize communication & warning systems
• Ensure co-ordination & response
• Availability & mobilization of resources
• Public education programs
• Involve Media for dissemination of information
• Disaster Simulation exercises & Test response
• Earth quake:
Open place to assemble
Avoid elevator
Duck under tables
Roadmaps to safety

• Fire accidents
Fire extinguishers at strategic places
Train how to use
Switch of all electric equipments