Ready mix concrete is composed of standard concrete ingredients and additives, according to the intended use of the concrete.

"Ready mix" is not a special type of concrete. Instead, the term describes the way the concrete is delivered to a job site--already mixed. Ready mix concrete is the solution to the problem of having to mix concrete components in large quantities while maintaining consistently precise properties.

1. Features
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By volume, ready mix concrete is compose of 60 to 75 percent aggregate including sand, gravel and stone. Any clean, hard, non-reactive, non-porous rock or sand may be a suitable aggregate. Size and shape of aggregate are selected according to the desired strength and texture of the concrete, how the ready mix concrete will be placed, and also cost.

Function
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Cement is the binder in ready mix concrete, and it represents 10 to 15 percent of ready mix concrete volume. The most commonly used cement, Portland cement may contain limestone, marl, shale, blast furnace slag, silica sand and iron ore. Ingredients may vary; it's the chemical constituents of these--calcium, silicon, aluminum, iron and gypsum--that are important in ready mix concrete.

Effects
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The components of ready mix concrete cannot become solid without water. Water molecules, when combined with calcium silicate, react in a chemical process called hydration. The hydrated compounds of water and calcium silicate form a dense crystaline structure that binds the aggregate into a single solid form. So technically concrete does not dry. Instead, it cures chemically.

Significance
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The ratio of water to cement in ready mix concrete is the critical determining factor in concrete strength. Water not used up by the hydration reaction remains a part of the concrete, causing it to be less strong. Ideally, only enough water would be added to the mix to react with the cement, and no more. In practice though, this makes for concrete that is difficult to work with, so more water is added than necessary for hydration. Depending on the intended use, ready mix concrete is composed of 15 to 20 percent water by volume.

Potential
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Ready mix concrete may also contain fly ash, silica fume, blast furnace slag or metakaolin as a substitute for a percentage of the Portland cement. These components, like Portland cement, react with water to form a monolithic solid. The advantage of their use is the improvement of concrete strength and durability. Fly ash, silica fume and furnace slag are byproducts of power generation or industrial processes, so their use benefits the environment by reducing waste.

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