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Mountain Climbing Do's and Don'ts

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 Table of Contents

Planning an Outing
Mountain Hazards
Navigating the Wilderness
Weather in the Mountains
Rating Systems for Climbing
Climbing Ropes
Rock Climbing Equipment
Rappelling
Rock Climbing
Climbing on Snow and Ice
Setting Up a Base Camp
Mountaineering Nutrition
Physical Training for Mountaineers
First Aid in the Wilderness
Traveling on a Glacier

Planning an Outing

Common Sense Tips for Planning a Mountain Outing

Know the area.

Even skilled mountain climbers try to familiarize themselves with their target

area before heading off, so make sure you know important information about

the mountain of your choice. Contact your local forest service or authorities to

find out what you need to know. Get a map, read the guidebooks, ask people

who've had experience in the area and scout a route.

Once you know what to expect from the area in and around the mountain,

decide on your pacing – how fast or slow you will be traveling, what time you'll

start, what kind of terrain will be involved and how far before you stop. Find

out if you could use your own car to drive to the area and if there is parking

available. If not, ask about shuttle services that may be provided.

Get some mountain outing skills

You don’t have to be a certified mountain man to enjoy a mountain outing, but

your group should at least have one or two people who know something about

living and surviving in the wilderness. At least have one person who has skills

such as, how to navigate the mountains, start a fire or put up a tent.

Make sure your fitness level and mountain skills are sufficient for your outing.

Don't attempt to go on a mountain outing hoping to get through with luck and

a few basic skills. Make sure the technical skills of at least one group member

exceed the difficulty level of the hike or outing.

Mind the weather

Consider the season when you're planning a mountain outing. Knowing what

to expect can help you organize a safer and more enjoyable trip and prevent

unpleasant surprises that might occur. Check with the weather bureau about

weather conditions a day before your outing and on the day itself. Never,

under any circumstance, try to go on a mountain outing when a storm is

headed your way.

Contact the forest service

They are in charge of the campgrounds and in many areas in the US, people

who go out for mountain hikes, picnics or outings are required to register

before heading out. They can also alert you on the hazards and dangers that

you'll need to watch out for during your outing.

Dress up for the occasion

It's a mountain outing, so dress in clothes that will be comfortable and still

provide protection. Wear the appropriate shoes, hats and jackets and if you're

going in winter, wear the right type of clothing that will provide sufficient

insulation and protection, including gloves and snowshoes.

Food and water

Plan your meals during the mountain outing and bring enough food and water

to last you during the trip. Have extra provisions just in case you run out.

Bring your med kit

Sure, it's an outing and you're out there to have fun, but remember you're in

unfamiliar territory. Little accidents could occur, such as cuts, bumps,

scratches and insect bites. Bring a first aid kit that includes bandages,

antiseptic wipes, gauzes, adhesive bandages, and insect repellant, antibiotic

ointment and blister pads.

You might also want to bring over-the-counter medicines such as pain

relievers, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic over-the-counter drugs. For

insect bites and allergies, bring anti-itch lotions and ointments.

Gear up

Bring the necessary tools and equipment you will need during the outing.

Tents and camping gears, flashlights, blankets, matches, fuel, forks, knives,

can openers and other things necessary to make your trip comfortable and

safe should be packed up and stored in your bags. Don’t forget to bring your

maps and guidebooks and make sure you can easily access them during the

trip.
Fill 'er up

Make sure your car has a full tank of gas before heading out. On your way to

the mountains, check out the gas stations along the way and take note of the

nearest station from the parking area once you've reached your destination.

It's also a good idea to have an extra gallon stashed in case of an emergency.

Leave something behind

Before leaving for your mountain outing, leave a copy of your itinerary with a

family member or a friend. The itinerary should include where you're going,

what time you're leaving, who the group members are and what time you

expect to return.

Appoint a leader

It could be you or somebody else who has the essential navigation and

climbing skills. Get at least two or more group leaders if you have a bigger

group. This will help break down the number of people to a manageable level

and will make it easy to track individuals to account for their presence or

absence.

Before the hike, the group leader/s should count how many participants or

group members he has. If the trip is long, he should do this periodically during
the hike and do the counting again once they've reached the camp or picnic

ground.

Plan for emergencies

Have a sound emergency route in case you need to bail out. Make sure the

group knows about this and are familiar with the necessary steps to make.

Above all, plan a mountain outing based on safety. You will enjoy it more if you

know that you have nothing to worry about during the outing and that you can

go home safe and sound when it's over

Mountain Hazards

Planning a Mountain Hike? Know What Hazards to Look Out For

Mountains are a perennial favorite for group hikes and picnics because

nowhere else can you be treated with spectacular views and exciting

adventures. But with all the stunning beauty and potential for fun and

enjoyment, mountains also pose hazards and dangers, many of which are

hidden from view. To remain safe and informed, here are some of them:

Mountain terrain

Unless you're a seasoned climber or are an experienced mountaineer,

mountain terrain can be very confusing. For the untrained eye, it can be

extremely difficult to find your way in or out especially if there is nothing out of
the ordinary to use as a landmark. For somebody who's unfamiliar with

mountain terrain, every tree, fallen branch, log, tree stump, patch of grass or

shrub will look exactly the same, making it easy for you to lose your way.

By itself, mountain terrain can be very hazardous. Rocks, caves and shrubs

can hide dangerous wildlife and crevices can pose a danger to both life and

limb.

Avalanche and rock falls

In some mountain areas, avalanches are controlled by mountain patrols so

there's little risk of starting an avalanche or being caught in one. However, if

you stray too far from area boundaries, you could encounter an avalanche and

be swept away. While avalanches can occur at any time of the year, they are

more common during winter and spring, when the ice begins to melt.

Rockfalls often occur when parts of the mountain are loosened during climbing.

It can also occur after the melting of snow or an earthquake. Rockfalls are also

common in rock mountains because of erosion.

Sudden weather changes

Weather conditions in the mountains can be very hazardous to hikers and

campers because they can change rapidly. A bright, sunny day when you start
out can turn dark and nasty in the middle of your hike or climb. Summits and

mountaintops are especially prone to storms because these areas attract

clouds.

Sudden weather changes can also make hiking and moving more difficult and

rain can cause mud patches and rocks to become slippery. During a

snowstorm, whiteouts can make it extremely difficult for climbers to retrace

their route. Without a compass, there is a danger of them getting lost.

Lightning

Lightning is a mountain hazard especially during summer thunderstorms.

Lightning is attracted to the highest point on the ground and climbers near or

at the top of the mountain have a high risk of getting struck.

Sunburn

This would probably be less of a problem if you are walking under a canopy of

trees, but the risk of sunburn becomes real once you've reached higher

elevations. Areas in the mountains with sparse trees and forest covering can

expose you to ultraviolet light.

Bodies of water
Streams and rivers may look safe, but they can be deeper than they seem.

They can also be very cold, even during the summer months. In case you fall

into them, you might expose yourself to the risk of hypothermia.

Streams and rivers may also flow swifter than you think. If you're trying to

cross and the water level reaches above your knees, there is a danger that you

could get swept away. The depth and speed of the flow can also change

quickly. After a rain storm or once the snow above the area begins to melt, a

small stream can turn into a strong torrent of frigid water.

Falling

There is always a danger of a climber falling due to a faulty handhold or

foothold. A wrong estimate of the rock's stability or firmness can cause a fall,

so it's important to know whether a particular area can carry the climber's

weight to avoid accidents.

Altitude

Some climbers may develop altitude sickness, which usually happens when

they ascend the mountain too fast. At higher points, there is less oxygen and

lower atmospheric pressure, causing unpleasant sensations. Climbers who

complain of nausea, lethargy, severe headache and body ache may be

suffering from altitude sickness and need attention immediately.

At heights above 1,500 meters, climbers usually experience acclimatization,

which is why climbers who scale mountain heights of higher elevations pack

bottled oxygen to help them cope. If not, problems like HACE (high altitude

cerebral edema), HAPE (high altitude pulmonary edema) and AMS (acute

mountain sickness) can occur and these can be life threatening.

Mountain climbing is a very enjoyable sport or recreation, so it's necessary to

be aware of hazards that one may encounter during a mountain climbing trip.

Be prepared, take safe routes and use common sense during a climb and never

underestimate a mountain, no matter how familiar it has become to you.

Navigating the Wilderness

Tips for Navigating the Wilderness

Navigation is one of the most important skills to have to survive the

wilderness. Without it, a lost hiker or camper has no choice but to rely on luck

to get out of the wilderness safe and alive. If you have future plans of including

the wilderness in one of your adventure trips, it is a good idea to try to learn

how to navigate for your own safety and security.

Our 'natural' sense of direction

Our inborn talent to find our way home has been a highly debated issue and

there is no tangible evidence that we can truly navigate ourselves out of the

wilderness using only our 'sixth sense'. More often than not, it's usually the

force of habit or the lessons from a previous training that allow us to keep to a

certain route in order not to lose our way.

There is also a tendency for people to follow the direction that is predominant

in their person. For example, a right-handed person will eventually veer to the

right and walk in circles in that general direction and a left-handed person has

a tendency to do the exact opposite.

Instead of trying to find your way out of the wilderness with the help of your

'natural' navigation talents, it's best to learn how to find your way out using

something you can actually see, hear or control.

Navigating the wilderness

Never venture into the wilderness without first knowing how to navigate using

a map or a compass. Make sure you have these tools with you and that you

know how to read them correctly. Map out your route before your trip so you

will know which direction you will be headed. During your trek, refer to the

map or compass periodically to check if you're on the right track.

In case you don’t have these implements with you, here are things you can do

to navigate the wilderness and find your way home:

Always be aware

Let's say for example you willingly go on a trip into the wilderness. Before

going in, be aware of where you are. Study what you can see and hear. Take

note of roads, rivers, streams, lakes, houses, and buildings, anything that

could help you find where your exact starting position is.

If you can, try to find a distinctive feature of the landscape you are in – ridges,

bodies of water, rocks, hills – and try to memorize where they are in relation to

your present position. You might also want to try to determine the sun's

position and wind direction, although these factors can change during the day.

It is also very helpful to establish the direction to where you are headed right

before entering the wilderness.

Leave a mark

If you are still unfamiliar with the territory, you might try leaving a mark such

as a broken branch, an improvised flag or a piece of fabric on a tree trunk or a

rock so you will know where you've been. This is especially helpful if you need

to retrace your steps. It will work well if you have nothing else to help you with

and in case somebody needs to find you.

Get an eagle's eye view

Try to 'map' out your route or course by finding a high vantage point (a tree, a

rock or a hill) and looking out in all directions to find your objective. This may

be necessary especially if the terrain or immediate environment looks the

same to you. By establishing your target area, you will know the general

direction you should be headed.

Finding North

If you know where the direction of East is, finding north will be easy. Face east

and spread your arms straight shoulder high. Your left will be pointing towards

the North and your right toward South. Behind you is West. Based on these

directions, you can now determine where you should go.

If you're unsure of where east is or if you can't tell whether it's day or

afternoon based on the sun's current position, you might have to use other

tools. One of these is your watch. This method is recommended for an analog

watch, but it can also work with the digital type as long as you mark a specific

part for the necessary purpose. Here's how:

If you are located in the northern hemisphere, hold your watch and turn until

the hour hand points directly at the sun. The direction that is found midway
between the number ‘12’ and the hour hand is south. Once you've determined

where South is, you'll know that the exact opposite is north. Knowing where

North is will help you establish where East and West are.

If you're in the southern hemisphere, turn your watch until the number '12'

points directly towards the sun. The direction that is found between the hour

hand and '12' is north.

There are other ways to determine directions and navigating your way out of

the wilderness and some of them take a little time and effort. Remember that

the wilderness, for most of us, is unfamiliar territory and should be approached

with much caution, preparedness and respect. Learn the basic information

about navigation and you'll never have to be afraid of the wilderness,

regardless of whether you are lost or not.

Weather in the Mountains

Tips to Survive the Changing Weather in the Mountains During a Climb

If you're going to climb a mountain, better come prepared. For all its majestic

views, mountains can be especially hazardous if the climber is inexperienced or

ignorant of certain conditions involved. One of these is the weather.

Weather in the mountains can be notoriously unpredictable and can change

quickly during the course of a day. This is why it's absolutely necessary to find

out about weather conditions before heading out for a trip. Remember that

once you have begun your ascent, you are at the mercy of the mountain and

you can't do anything about the weather. You need to be prepared to face it.

Starting out

Always refer to the weather reports during the week before the climb. It is

necessary to know the general conditions during the days preceding your climb

so you can assess your route more accurately. Sunny weather during the

climb will not assure a safe trip if a storm passed over the area the day before.

This is a consideration you will need to be aware of.

You might also want to check with the forest service before going up the

mountain. They often maintain regular monitoring of the prevailing conditions

in the mountains and can advise you on whether it's safe to climb or not or

which areas to avoid or keep to during your climb.

Dress up for rain

At ground level, you probably won't have any problems with mountain

weather. Prevalent conditions are likely to stay the same all day. But as you

climb, weather conditions can change. Even when you're climbing during
summer, it's best to bring rain gear. Mountains are generously blessed with

precipitation and it's not unusual to be rained on during your trek.

Wear sensible shoes and protective clothing. You can also opt to dress in

several layers, so you can add or remove as mountain conditions and personal

comfort dictate. Oftentimes, it's necessary to bring insulated clothing to

protect you against extremely cold conditions, especially at higher elevations.

It is also possible to experience snow in the mountains even during summer.

Mountain summits can also be the site of storms because of the nearly

constant presence of clouds. Precipitation in these locations can also be high

and rain often occurs in these areas. Climbers should watch out for sudden

drops in temperature and sudden rainstorms when they are near the

mountaintop.

The risk of rain

Rainy weather in the mountains can spell many dangers for climbers. For one,

rain can cause slippery rocks and terrain. It can also cause mudslides in

unstable areas of the mountain.

Mountain rivers and streams can also be a hazard because of rain. Since these

feed off the water brought by the rainstorm, they can increase in depth and
flow speed rapidly and can quickly turn into a strong torrent of water right after

a rainstorm.

Lightning

Summer storms can bring lightning. This is especially a threat near the

summit. Climbers have been struck by lightning before, so it's best to

schedule your climb to avoid this accident. Since storms occur during late

mornings or early afternoons, it's best to begin climbing during the early hours

of the day to avoid increased risk of getting struck.

Climbing in the snow

Avalanches are a threat to any climber especially during winter and spring.

Heavy snow with strong winds usually produces unstable snow packs that

cause avalanches. What may seem like a solid, reliable ground covered with

snow can quickly change into a dangerous avalanche that can sweep a climber

away, burying him under several feet of snow.

Rockfalls can also be caused by ice that forms in the night that attaches rocks

to the surface of the mountain. During the day, when the weather is warm, the

ice can melt and dislodge the rocks. In the spring or in summer, snow can melt

under the sun and weaken a patch. If a climber accidentally steps into one, it

can cause the ground to fall under his weight and cause an avalanche.
Sunny weather

At higher elevations, it is absolutely necessary to protect yourself against the

sun's rays. You may not feel the heat because of the colder atmosphere, but

you are at a risk of suffering from sunburn. Protect your eyes with the proper

eyewear and wear a sunscreen or a sunblock.

Rating Systems for Climbing

Know the Rating Systems for Mountain Climbing

Climbers trying to scale a mountain need to know what its characteristics are

and the level of difficulty involved for a successful climb. This is why

mountains have a rating system for climbing. For beginner climbers and climb

leaders, this is one of the most important technical information about

mountain climbing that they should learn.

The rating system is a widely accepted grading method that tells a climber the

level of skill and stamina required to scale a particular mountain for free

climbing. The system rating also varies from one country to another. There

are several types of mountain climbing rating systems, including the Ewbank,

UIAA, French and British and Irish.

Ewbank

Developed by John Ewbank, the Ewbank system was originally intended to

provide a rating for the difficulty level of individual moves required for a climb.

These days, other considerations are included, such as technical difficulty,

strenuousness, and exposure and protection levels. This is a system that is

used in countries like South Africa, New Zealand and Australia.

UIAA

The UIAA (Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme) is a rating

system used for Austria and Western Germany. The French rating system is

used in France, Italy and Spain. You probably might encounter this system for

especially difficult climbs.

British and Irish

The British rating system uses the technical grading and the adjectival

grading. The technical grading establishes the level of movement difficulties

required for the climb and the adjectival grading rates the general difficulty

level. It uses the same system as the French rating and grades are often

prefixed with 'F'.

An adjectival rating system indicates the general difficulty assessment of a

climb. Essentially, it consists of:

M – Moderate

D/Diff – Difficult

VD/VDiff – Very Difficult

HVD – Hard Very Difficult

S – Severe

HS – Hard Severe

VS – Very Severe

HVS – Hard Very Severe

E1, E2, E3, E4, etc. – Extremely Very Severe. This is also an open-ended

rating, although the latest climb with the hardest grade is at E11. A confirmed

climb graded with the highest difficulty so far is E9.

In case you're wondering, 'E' for Easy is hardly used as an adjectival rating for

mountain climbing. Also, if you looked in some guidebooks, you might find

more detailed descriptions to rate a climb, such as 'Mild Severe' or 'Mild

Difficult'. These are used to include several factors that could vary such as

conditions from the ground and on different elevations.

The YDS

The YDS or the Yosemite Decimal System was developed particularly for

mountain climbing in the Sierra Nevada. It consists of the climbing grade,

class and protection, although usage for the latter two varies. This is the rating
system that is used in North America and often consists of two numbers. The

first number indicates the class while the second indicates the level of

difficulty.

The grade indicates the approximate number of hours that a normal climb

requires and is often used for mountaineering. This isn't used for shorter rock

climbs.

Grade I – requires 1-2 hours

Grade II – less than ½ day

Grade III – one-half day

Grade IV – one day climb

Grade V – two days

Grade VI – more than two days

Grade VII – one week or more

The YDS Class indicates the technical difficulty of a climb.

Class 1 – indicates a mountain climb that is good for trail walking, with a small

chance of sustaining a fall or injury that is fatal.

Class 2 – indicates a mountain that is possibly steep and requires some

scrambling, especially off-trail. A Class 2 climb can mean that a climber will

need to use his hands or a tool like an ice axe for balance or to pull himself up.
This class also indicates a greater chance of sustaining a severe injury,

although it's still not considered fatal.

Class 3 – means that the mountain climb will require hand and foot holds and

tools such as crampons and ice axes. The use of ropes may also be indicated.

Class 4 – requires ropes and anchored belays. Otherwise, falls could prove

fatal to the climber.

Class 5 – not only requires ropes and anchored belays but also protection

points, spread intermittently throughout the climb. This can also indicate

increasing difficulty as the climb progresses. Class 5 also indicates rock

climbing on a nearly vertical or vertical rock.

The protection rating used by the YDS is often optional, but it is quite useful

when trying to determine the requirement for protection quality and spacing

during a climb.

G – stands for Good, indicating solid protection.

PG – is Pretty Good, with a few sections where placements are either

non-existent or poor at best.

R – is Runout, meaning some placements are spaced far apart

X –means no protection and that the climb is very dangerous

Some guidebooks list a rating system for a climb in extremely detailed figures,

such as 4.5, 5.2 or 5.6 that's why climbers need to study the rating systems

used in a particular area to familiarize themselves. It is also important to note

that improvements in climbing gear and equipment and increase in climbing

standards also meant that a climb rated with a high level of difficulty may

currently be recognized as a moderate climb. These are some slight changes

that mountain climbers should be aware of.

For successful and safe mountain climbing, it is absolutely necessary to

familiarize yourself with the rating system used. Wherever you are in the

world, you will know what to expect and be prepared for your climb.

Climbing Ropes

Mountain Climbing Ropes

Mountain climbing or mountaineering is one of the best physical activities for

people who love nature. It can be done in the mountains, in rocky slopes or on

icy peaks.

The goal simply is to reach the top. The summit of the mountain will definitely

be a good reward for the individual who worked his or her way to that goal.
As you aim for the highest peak in mountain climbing, you can also enjoy the

many adventures along the way. You get to walk various paths. You will also

see and find wonderful things in nature.

These factors make mountain climbing more than just another physical

activity. Mountaineering makes one aware of the various elements of nature.

These heights and sights are more than just pleasing. They can also be

mentally stimulating and spiritually refreshing. These factors make the activity

enjoyable by experts and beginners alike.

Proper Mountain Climbing

To reap the benefits of mountain climbing, it is very important to keep at hand

the necessary guidelines on how to properly mountain climb.

The challenges of mountaineering involve climbing skills, physical

conditioning, navigating and perseverance. All of these have to be done

properly to ensure that you execute the whole climbing experience in the best

way possible.

Beginners can best enjoy this experience if they have an experienced

mountain guide to lead them through. The guide can ensure the safety of the

adventure and know as well the right places to go for the best sights.

It is also important to focus on bringing along the right equipment that will

enable you to move along and reach the heights you aim for.

Mountain Climbing Equipment

For most beginners, it is best to learn the basics of mountain climbing when it

comes to equipment. These items are more than just handy. They are the

essentials to ensure a safe and enjoyable adventure in the mountains.

There will be many things to learn and discover in this aspect. The equipment

will have its own use, techniques, nomenclatures and caring requirement.

Knowing such can be used to advance your skill for mountain climbing.
The various equipments used range from the usual climbing gears, outfit,

supplies, harnesses, compass, chalk and ropes.

Mountain Climbing Ropes

Rope is definitely one of the items on your list that you have to prioritize. Rope

can come in handy in most hiking activities, but it is especially crucial in

mountain climbing.

Climbing the rocks or mountains will keep you safe if you have the rope at

hand. Thus, you must never ever forget to have this item when you go

outdoors.

Here are some tips on how to properly select the rope for your mountain

climbing goals.

1. It is easy to find a rope in shops. However, it is best to go to sports shops

or specialty stores for mountaineering to get the right kind of climbing rope.
2. Some climbing tools are sold in packages. Rope is a basic tool, thus, it is

easy to expect the package to have one.

3. Ropes are also sold separately. It is even easier to find one that suits

your needs if you buy it separately. Thus, the specifications, material, texture

and thickness can be easily determined.

4. A typical climbing rope must have a range of ten to eleven millimeters

diameter. It should be around 50 to 60 meters long.

5. Find a rope with the right material. Most people will seek the rope that

will provide the best feel to their hands. This shouldn't be the first priority. The

climbing rope will of course have contact on your skin, but there are other ways

to ensure your comfort.

The climbing rope that you choose must be able to stretch, especially when

there is tension. This will ensure that in the event of a slip or fall, the rope will

provide added protection to the situation.

Conclusion

Mountain climbing may just be the perfect activity for you. Explore your skills

and capabilities as you discover nature around you. Just bring along the right

climbing rope and you can be sure that you are safely inching your way to the

top.

Rock Climbing Equipment

The Right Rock Climbing Equipment

There are many heights that people want to reach, both literally and

figuratively. For rock climbers, they want to reach the peak of the high

summits that will give them a good view of this wonderful sight.
That and many other reasons are some of the things that attract people to

mountain climbing. With the busy lifestyle of this modern world, being on a

mountain peak can really help one feel closer to nature.

This can also help in refreshing the mind and the spirit. It can also challenge

the body to reach its maximum potential in going through the natural

mountain paths to reach the highest goal.

The Sport of Rock Climbing

Mountain climbing or mountaineering is one classic sport. For decades, this

activity has been done.

It used to be just a hike in the mountains. Today, it involves different

combinations of snow, ice, mountain or rock climbing with a mixture of

camping and rappelling.

No matter what the combination may be, the one thing aimed for in this

endeavor is to reach the top. All efforts and will are directed to get to the peak.
As such, many people are challenged to engage in rock climbing. They know

that there is so much to the adventure that they can enjoy.

There might however be some people who still hesitate because of the fear

that they may not be good enough or that they might not have the right skills

to survive.

Mountaineering or rock climbing is something that can be learned and pursued

by anyone interested. All that needs to be done is to give it the right amount of

time, effort and consideration.

Rock Climbing Equipment

Rock climbing will entail more than just walking in the woods. Thus, bringing

along the right equipment will enable you to weather out any challenges along

the way.

To make sure that you are properly equipped as you go on rock climbing, here

are some tips to keep in mind.

1. Rope
The rope is important in rock climbing. This is one item that you can't miss on

your equipment list. This serves as a security from possibility of falling. Make

sure you have one.

When buying the rope for rock climbing, it is best to choose the ones that have

a diameter of ten to eleven millimeters. It should also be 50 to 60 meters long.

2. Harness

The harness is what you wear to keep you tied to the rope. This is the ones that

you wear around your body and is attached to the rope and it will keep you

from falling when you climb on the rocks.

Make sure that your harness fits your body properly. It must be comfortable

enough in your waist and thigh areas.

3. Chalks and Chalk Bag

The chalk is what you use to keep your hands capable of gripping firmly on the

rocks or rope. This is rubbed on the hands to minimize the damp. It comes in

ball form or powdered type.

The chalk bag must be attached to your harness so that you can easily access

it when the need arises. These two items can be easily bought at any sports

shop or specialty store.

4. Climbing Shoes

When you are out rock climbing, you can't depend on the ordinary rubber

shoes or boots. You need the ones made especially for rock climbing. They

must fit you just right, snug but comfortable enough to let you move.

5. Helmet
Helmet is one important item in rock climbing as it protects the head from any

falling debris, especially the ones that fall off because of people climbing ahead

of you.

It also helps avoid unnecessary bruising and bumps that you might get when

you bump against a wall or rock.

Conclusion

Rock climbing will be both safe and fun if you have the right equipment. Just

keep in mind these points and you will surely learn how to enjoy this

experience to the best you can.

Rappelling

Mountain Climbing and Rappelling

Mountaineering, mountain climbing, top rope, blundering or rock climbing,

whatever you want to call it, these names all pertain to the wonderful and

exciting sport of reaching the peak of a goal.

Experienced climbers know the adventure and fun in store in climbing a

mountain. There are many trails, sites and stopovers that can definitely

provide you a whole new perspective.

People sometimes need a change of scenery to refresh the body and the mind.

Mountain climbing and exploring the outdoors can give the right setting for

such needs. This is also a good opportunity to get closer to nature.

Thus, it is best for you to explore this wholesome activity. This is one good way

to challenge your body. This is also a way to stimulate the mind and spirit by

giving it a refreshing drive.

You will do more than just mere hiking when you go mountain climbing.

You will also get to learn how to work well with other people in a group, proper

balancing, controlling movements, following a lead and even taking safety

considerations. Rappelling is also one thing that you can only enjoy here.

It will definitely be one of the best decisions you will make in your lifetime.
Thus, if you are interested in learning the many ways of mountain climbing and

rappelling, you must do your homework. Conduct research on how you can

start on this activity and take initiative in making this plan a reality.

Some Helpful Tips for Climbing and Rappelling Activities

For most beginners, this exciting sport will have to be properly prepared to

ensure safety and fun at all times. Here are some points to keep in mind when

you go mountain climbing and rappelling.

1. Climbing Guides

First consideration is the need to take caution at every step of the way. It is

best to get the assistance of a climbing guide. Basically, the guide will keep you

on track.
Make sure that he or she is qualified enough to take on the task. A certification

by the IFMGA or the International Federation of Mountain Guides Association

will be a good assurance.

2. Get Proper Instruction

There are many equipment, terms and techniques that you will encounter in

climbing. These will come in handy as you communicate with fellow climbers

and learn the various ways they do their climbing and rappelling.

As such, it is best to get the right education when it comes to such things.

There are instructions offered by climbing guides, groups or organizations that

can cater to your level of ability. Be sure to take this opportunity.

The beginners can be best taught the proper ways in climbing and rappelling

through training. Indoor man-made rock walls will help in giving you a feel of

what you will face outdoors.

Most people find rappelling down more difficult than climbing up. If you train

indoors, you can learn rappelling techniques until you are confident enough.
This way, you can easily learn even if you are still trying to overcome your

fears.

You can also choose to get personal instruction on your rappelling abilities. The

personal instructor can very well adjust to your pace and guide you in every

detail that you need to focus on.

3. Have the Right Equipment

Any climbing and rappelling endeavors must also be supported by the right

equipment. Make sure you have all the necessary things on hand.

The helmet is a must to keep you head safe from any falling debris, bumps, or

bruises. The climbing shoes must also be worn to keep you safe from any

slippery steps.

Check also the climbing package. Make sure you have all the tools needed like

the food, rope, chalk, harness among many others.

Make sure also that you take care of your equipment really well. For example,

if you want to focus more on rappelling, you must keep the necessary things at

hand. Protect your rappel and know how to use it when the need arises.

By doing these things, you can easily focus on the fun experience.

Conclusion

Mountain climbing and rappelling may be foreign to you for now, but with the

right research, preparation and training, you will definitely be one of those

raving on how fun these adventures can get.

Rock Climbing

Rock Climbing 101

Rock climbing as a hobby grows exponentially each year. People of all ages are

interested in rock climbing as an adventurous sport. There are various aspects

of rock climbing that might attract different individuals.

The athletic types might very well be challenged by the exhilarating activities

involved. They enjoy the obstacles, the twists and turns and the walking that

gives the body a definite workout.

This can also encourage people who love nature. This is one way to go

outdoors and appreciate the many wonders of nature as you travel your way

up the rocky slopes.

Those who are seeking a change of scenery or who simply want to be

challenged, rock climbing will be helpful. The heights can awaken your mind

and spirit.

The Basics of Rock Climbing

Rock climbing can require a lot from your body and skills. As such, the first

thing to consider is to get the proper training to prepare you for what lies

ahead.

Today, there are man made rock climbing walls that you can use to train in the

metropolitan areas. It is also a perfect alternative when the weather is bad.

Indoor rock climbing walls can help you learn the various climbing techniques.

Safety is also assured under the watchful eye of experts.

Each wall is constructed and designed to resemble the natural setting of a rock

environment. There are also different levels of difficulty so you can improve

your skills step by step.

Because it is convenient and fun some people even get addicted to indoor rock

climbing without ever taking their skills to an outdoor arena. But nothing can

compare to the real outdoors.

Some Rock Climbing Tips

Here are some tips that you can keep in mind so you can learn how to make the

most of your opportunity to explore the outdoors.

1. Find the right location when you do outdoor rock climbing. Not all rocks

and slopes can provide the optimum setting for the rock climber.

Make sure that the rock can be traversed, either vertically or horizontally. This

is why it is best to have an experienced guide wherever you go so that your

efforts won't be futile.

2. It is equally important to find rocks that are stable and solid. These are

the ideal rocks for your climbing endeavors.

3. Choose the locations that have favorable weather conditions. It is also

good to stick to a location where trails already exist.

Most people think that rock climbing is very dangerous because of the

danger of falling. However, most of the injuries that will be encountered are

due to straining of the body parts.

As such, you must do the right warm up and stretching exercises to prevent

the injuries on your tendons and muscles.

5. It is also very important to undergo proper training before taking on a

serious climbing activity. Hone your balancing skills as this is useful when you

go around the various surfaces.

Some people work on growing large muscles. However, it is your overall

strength that will matter most. Your limbs must be able to sustain strains and

your fingers must have enough strength.

6. Some people will enjoy going to areas that aren't crowded to enjoy more

privacy. However, going in large groups or being close to other people will be

more of an advantage during emergency situations. It is easier to get timely

help when there are many companions.

7. Rock climbing equipment is also a must to ensure the safety. There are

specific rock climbing shoes that will give you the right grip especially on

slippery surfaces.

Helmets are important to protect your head from falling debris when you climb.

It is also a good way to avoid unnecessary bumps and bruises to your head.

Rock climbing is one cool activity that you can learn and indulge in. Just take

the helpful tips above and you can ensure your safety and fun.

Climbing on Snow and Ice

Climbing Your Way On Ice

One of the most dangerous, yet exciting sport is ice climbing. It's actually an

offshoot of mountain or rock climbing; the only difference is everything around

you is covered with ice. People may wonder why others would want to engage
in such a sport and risk their lives when there are less dangerous and less

expensive sports.

Most people wouldn’t understand, but for a climber, climbing on ice provides a

feeling of independence. When you’re out there in the snow, with

temperatures very well below zero, you get to free yourself from all the

tensions and problems of the world. It is important to know that climbing on ice

isn't for everyone, thus, not everybody who goes out in the snow to climb will

appreciate the sport.

If you’re thinking of going on an ice climbing adventure, you need to learn the

basics of climbing. You just don’t go ahead and climb. It could risk your life, or

the lives of your companions. Climbing on ice is a serious sport, and you need

to invest, both in terms of time and money.

There are several schools that offer crash courses on climbing. They give you

an overview of how it is to climb. They teach you the basic know-how and offer

to guide you along an easy ice climbing expedition. Even if you want to take

this sport as a one-time adventure only, you will still need a guide during your

trip.
Enthusiasts make ice climbing a lifetime pursuit. They allot several weekends

during the winter just to travel to places and climb the ice. Not only is the

travel expensive, the equipment is quite pricey. If you want to climb steep ice

slopes, you need gear such as crampon and ice axes, on top of the usual rock

climbing gear.

Before you try climbing on ice, some may suggest that you practice climbing

on dry rocks in the summer. You should be able to master the necessary skills

of rock climbing such as belaying and tying ropes. In this way, once you

venture out on the snow, you can focus on working your way with the ice.

The basic ice climbing gear is crampons and ice picks. These are sharp claws

made of steel. With their help, you should be able to climb up a 40-degree ice

slope without slipping. You also need belaying devices such as ice screws,

harness and carabineers. Helmets and boots are also must haves for an ice

climber. Of course, responsible climbers should bring a first aid kit, extra food

and warm dry clothing.

As an added tip, don’t go buying cheap ice climbing tools. Remember that

these are the only things keeping you from falling. If you can’t afford to buy

good gears right now, then save your money until you can. When you’re
hundreds of feet above the ground and you’re hanging on ice, you’ll be grateful

you got yourself good ice gears.

Ice climbing is definitely not for the faint hearted. It is a physically challenging

sport. Not only will you need a pair of strong legs, but also good lungs. When

you climb, make sure that you know your companions enough to trust them

with your life. There are ice slopes that can’t be climbed by just one person.

Steep slopes require a group’s collective effort.

Aside from physical strength, you’ll also need good climbing techniques to

climb up the ice. In high altitude, the air grows thinner, thus, you should make

your moves as smoothly as possibly to conserve your energy. Ice climbing

classes will cost you several hundred dollars, but what you learn will be

priceless.

The sport really requires an ice climber to take huge risks. Any wrong move

can cost somebody’s life. There’s no way of accurately predicting the weather.

Nobody knows when an avalanche is coming. And if the group’s not familiar

with the terrain, the snow could mask the trail and you might find yourself lost

on a mountain of ice.
But if the group gets to the top safely, there is no feeling more satisfying. The

peak provides a picturesque view of miles of unspoiled vast mountains. And as

an added bonus, having shared the dangers and risks of ice climbing, the

group feels a stronger bond between them.

Setting Up a Base Camp

Setting Up Your Base Camp

Going to a camp is one of the best ways to enjoy nature while spending quality

time with each other. Before going out on a camping trip, ensure that you

know the basic skills required, such as starting a fire and pitching a tent. Also,

you have to check your map and plan your itinerary for the duration of the

camp.

Probably the first challenge campers face during their trip is to decide where to

set up their base camp. Getting a good camp location is essential. A base camp

serves several purposes, one of which is to keep everyone safe.

In finding a good site for your base camp, the main thing you need to consider

is safety. However, you shouldn't forget that it should have a good view.

There’s no point in camping out at a boring place when there are many
wonderful camping spots. You should know beforehand that the place you’re

going to does have great views where you can setup your base camp.

Set up your camp near a stream or a river, but not low enough that you’ll run

the risk of flashfloods. Refrain from setting your base camp on low ground,

since when it rains, you’ll have major problems. Also, don't set up your base

camp near mountain or hilltops. These places won't offer you enough

protection against lightning and raging winds.

A good camp area should have natural obstacles, such as trees and rocks.

These act as natural barriers against windy and rainy situations. Trees are also

great at providing shade during extremely warm conditions.

In setting up your base camp, you need to divide the camp into at least four

areas. The major parts of a good base camp are the: tent area, cooking area,

washing area, and of course the toilet area.

The tent area should be the most elevated part in its direct surrounding. This

ensures that your tents won’t be the place filled with water. A good tent area

also needs to be on a smooth soil or on grassy grounds so you won’t have a

problem with rocks and debris piercing the floor of your tent. In pitching your
tent, make sure that you have firmly secured the pegs so your tent can

withstand any strong winds.

It is also good to pitch your tent evenly in a sheltered area. Weather conditions

can change overnight. But before you set up your tent, check the wind

direction first. You will want to align the door or the vents of the tent with the

direction of the wind. This way, you get enough ventilation when inside your

tent.

The cooking area is another important part of your base camp. As much as

possible, you will want to cook outside, unless weather conditions are too

rough. Your cooking area shouldn't be less than 20 feet away from your tent

area. Of course, you will want to place your cooking area such that the ashes

won't be blown towards your tents.

Make sure that you strictly follow all rules when it comes to responsibly

handling fire outdoors. You wouldn’t want to create any fire mishaps during

your camping, right? And as an added tip, ensure that your foods are safely

kept in containers to prevent attracting wild animals such as bears, to your

base camp.
The obvious reason why you would want to set up your base camp close to a

stream or a river as much as possible is that you will need a washing area. This

will be the place where you take a bath and wash your dishes. Make sure that

the soap you’ll use is biodegradable, and don’t wash too close to the water

source.

After washing, make certain that you leave the area the way it was. Leaving

anything, especially non-biodegradable materials, could cause a natural

disaster.

And of course, your base camp should have a toilet area. Obviously you

wouldn't want this near your tent area, or in any water source. As much as

possible, find a good place such that other people won't see you when you do

your thing. The soil should be soft enough so you can dig at least a foot deep.

And as courtesy to future campers, cover your toilet area with some branches

or stones so nobody digs in it.

Mountaineering Nutrition

Getting Proper Nutrition While In the Mountains

Mountaineering is a strenuous activity; and the last thing you want to happen

to you while in the mountains is to faint due to malnutrition. Thus, it is

important to take the kinds of food that would help you survive in the

mountains. Nutritionists say that mountaineers should take in as much

carbohydrates as possible to quickly replenish the energy lost in hiking or

climbing.

Carbohydrates provide one’s body with glucose which functions as your body’s

fuel. Glucose can be extracted once carbohydrates have been broken down.

Glucose joins the bloodstream and provides your body with energy it needs.

Glucose can also be stored in your muscle tissues and in your liver.

Glucose maintains the body’s endurance. If the body runs out of glucose in the

bloodstream or in the muscle tissues, you will start feeling fatigue. Your

muscles could not continue to perform at optimal level. Since mountaineering

consumes a lot of energy, it is advised to load your body with more

carbohydrates.

It is highly recommended to start preparing your body’s nutrition for your

mountaineering expedition at least three days prior to the event. Your diet

should be composed of at least 70 percent carbohydrates. It doesn’t

necessarily mean you also have to increase your calorie content. Doing so

would just make you gain weight.

The best thing to do is to reduce your protein and fat intake instead. However,

higher carbohydrate content in your diet runs you the risk of a decrease intake

in other essential nutrients in the long run. That’s why carb loading would only

do you good in the first few days. After which, you should get back to your

regular diet.

Since mountaineering involves traveling at higher elevations, your food intake

may change at higher altitudes. In fact, studies have shown that mountaineers

tend to be more finicky when above 10,000 feet. In your choice of food to carry

on your mountaineering trip, don’t just consider the nutritional values. What

good would nutritious food do if you don’t feel like eating it?

Higher altitudes actually trigger anorexia and loss of appetite. Not only that,

the body will go through an overall change in metabolism. Your body may not

be able to digest some of the food you eat when you’re at home. These are the

reasons why mountaineering contributes to weight loss, on top of the fact that

a climber should expect to burn more calories at elevated locations.

Because of this, you tend to consumer more food so pack more food than what

you normally eat at home. Still, you will have to consider your nutrition intake.

The recommended ratio is about 70% carbohydrate, and the rest for fat and

protein. Fatty foods require much more oxygen to digest, thus, if you packed

high-fat foods, it could slow down your acclimatization.

There are actually many power bars specifically formulated for mountaineers

available in the supermarkets. You could also check out their dehydrated foods

and other packaged freeze dried camping foods. They won’t weigh that much

but they’re packed with the nutrients you’ll need to last for your trip.

However, as mentioned earlier, since you tend to become picky when it comes

to food, plan your menu wisely. Pack foods that aren't only nutritious, but also

palatable. Don't compromise your trip by packing food you’re not willing to eat.

You won’t be able to enjoy the scenery when you’re energy level’s down.

Different people also have different dietary needs. Not all healthy camping

foods work well with everyone. So that means you may have to experiment on

what food works best for you. When you don’t find a food appealing at a certain

height, most likely, it won't taste any better higher up. Try to take with you the

tastiest and healthiest foods you can find.

Mountaineering is one of the sports that you really need to prepare for. Aside

from the physical training that you should get, you should always check that

you’re also getting enough nutrients to get through the activity. Even if you

have the leanest body and the strongest lungs, but you weren't able to get

proper nutrition, you may not thoroughly enjoy the trip as you’ll probably get

tired easily.

Physical Training for Mountaineers

Going up? Train Effectively for that Mountaineering Trip.

Are you ready for your mountaineering trip? Climbing a mountain isn't like any

other activity that you only have to prepare the food, gears and transportation.

Apart from those preparations, you also have to physically train yourself if you

want to be a mountaineer. Mountaineering is a sport that requires a great deal

of physical training, or else, you might faint before you reach the peak.

Your hectic lifestyle may leave you with limited time to train prior to your trip.

Thus, you will have to maximize your time to get yourself in better shape when

you climb mountains. You wouldn’t want to easily get tired. Constant fatigue

takes out much of the fun involved in the sport.

Probably the most efficient way to physically train yourself to be a mountaineer

is to try to simulate what you’d be doing in the mountains. Practice climbing

moves that you have learned over and over again. You have to be able to

master the technique so you can execute it properly.

Take note that fitness for marathon runners is different from the fitness that

we’re trying to build. Since you’ll be climbing mountains, you need to focus on

specific areas of fitness. Your training should enable you to improve these

specific elements.

A mountaineer needs to develop his strength and power. You’ll be hiking and

climbing for several days while carrying the weight of your backpack. Strength

is the ability to lift heavy objects, but you also need to combine speed with that

strength. Mountain climbing also requires you to do powerful climbing moves.

As a mountaineer, you will also have to work on your stamina. Simply put,

stamina is strength with endurance. With stamina, you can get your muscles

working at optimum level for longer periods. Agility is also important. It’s

basically power plus flexibility. When climbing, you may have to do some

stretchy moves so you can go up or go down safely.

The key to effective training is specificity. Before you actually go on climbing

the mountain, you can start doing the things you expect to do in the

mountains. For example, you could start walking for long periods of time in the

bush while carrying a heavy backpack. And then maybe proceed to a steep hill

while still carrying that heavy weight. Exercises such as these should condition

your body enough for the mountaineering trip.

Of course, there are the basic workout exercises that you shouldn’t miss. Do

some push ups, squats, sit-ups and other activities. You could also use the

Swiss Ball. These exercises will ensure good conditioning and collaboration

between your upper and lower body. However, make certain that you’re doing

the exercises the right way to avoid any possible injuries and ensure their

effectiveness.

To improve your stamina, run at least three times a week. You could also opt

to riding a mountain bike when going to work. Swimming, on the other hand,

may not give you very good results in improving your stamina.

Knowing all this information, you should be able to develop a physical training

plan for your mountaineering trip. Mountain climbing is an activity that you

should prepare for. Without proper training, you could kill yourself, or even put

your companions’ life in danger.

Set aside a specific time each day for you to train. Start training at least a

month before the day of the climb. Your training could start off from a low

intensity regimen that should gradually increase in time and intensity.

You can use walking up the hill as your warm up exercise. Add a few pounds of

weight each time. This should condition your body to walk long distances while

carrying a heavy weight. Then of course, get down to a few workout exercises

afterwards. You may want to work on a specific program for a certain day. For

example, you could work on your upper body today then on your legwork next

time.

Also, as we discussed previously, don’t forget to eat right. Try to increase your

carbohydrate intake temporarily. Carbohydrates should give you enough

energy to fuel your strenuous exercises. Continue your physical training until

the day of the climb. However, you will want to ease off with a lower intensity

workout a day before.

First Aid in the Wilderness

First Aid In the Wilderness: Getting Through It Safely

While hiking in the wilderness, it is inevitable that from time to time we will

encounter injuries. There are many emergency situations that could be caused

by nature such as animal bites. Hikers could also suffer from injuries induced

by weather and terrain conditions. How many fit and healthy persons

unexpectedly get sick out in the wilderness because of a fall or too harsh

weather?

Since we can’t possibly predict when emergency situations arise, it is

recommended that at least two in a group of hikers should have been trained

for first aid. Basically, first aid has three goals: to preserve life, prevent any

further injuries, and promote recovery.

First aid could be a matter of life and death. Practicing first aid techniques

without the proper training, may worsen the patient’s condition. In the United

States, there are many community organizations that provide first aid training

courses. Examples of these organizations include the Red Cross and Medic First

Aid Organization.

Basically, first aid provides an injured person with temporary relief from his

injury, until proper medical personnel arrive. The techniques are relatively

simple and use minimal equipment. Anybody can be trained to handle first aid.
In the wilderness, while the group is far away from civilization, injuries can

happen. Somebody might accidentally fall from a cliff and break his leg.

Another could suffer from snakebite. Other wild animals can also be equally

harmful. Or if the person isn't physically fit, he can suffer from his known

ailments such as asthma. Infections and other diseases are also rampant in the

wilderness.

Because of the constraints imposed upon by harsh terrains and weather

conditions, you may not be able to call medical assistance immediately. Or if

you did, the arrival of these emergency personnel might be delayed especially

if the injured person needs to be evacuated.

Thus, it is very important to be prepared for situations like these. Providing

proper first aid treatment would greatly relieve the person for a few hours or a

few days. This should be enough until formal medication arrives.

So before you venture out in the woods, make sure that you are well prepared

to handle first aid. You won’t need a lot of equipment, so first aid materials

shouldn’t add a lot of weight to your backpack.

You can purchase first aid kits at your nearest drugstore. A first aid kit typically

includes antiseptic tissues for cleansing, scissors, safety pins and tweezers.
You should also check that you have different types of wound dressing or

bandages, and don’t forget their adhesive strips. You might also need a few

pairs of latex gloves to minimize possible wound infections.

If any accidents occur while trekking in the wilderness, you must first and

foremost, remain calm. You won’t be able to properly provide first aid

treatment if you don’t. Next, check the extent of the patient’s injuries. Don’t

ever try to move him without first knowing how injured he his. This way, you

won’t worsen his injuries.

Always check for breathing first. If he’s not breathing, immediately provide

mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Get somebody who’s well trained for this kind

of emergency.

If your patient is bleeding, try to stop the bleeding immediately. Clean the

wound with antiseptic and bandage it firmly. Infection would be the last thing

you want. Also check for any fractures or breaks, especially in the neck and

spine area. A bandage and a piece of twig could be a perfect sling for any

breaks in the arms or legs.

While doing these first aid treatments, it is equally important to assure your

patient that he’ll be fine. Make sure that other people in the group don't crowd
him. If there’s a medical facility nearby, decide how you can transport the

patient without inflicting further injuries. Most of the time, you might just want

to prepare a suitable shelter for him until he gets his strength back.

Going out in the wilderness is risky. There’s still no better way to enjoy the trip

than staying safe all throughout. But accidents do happen, thus, you would

have to be prepared for emergency situations also.

Traveling on a Glacier

Glaciers: A Wonderful Travel Experience

While not specifically considered in the mountain climbing venue, outdoor

lovers sometimes dream of going on a cruise to the ice glaciers. Traveling on a

glacier brings forth a special feeling and fulfillment that no other expedition

can. Glaciers offer a majestic view of mountains covered with snow and

teeming with wildlife. Wildlife on the glaciers is very different from the wildlife

found in warmer places.

Merely observing glaciers from afar won't give you the same experience as

when you actually travel nearer. One of the most wonderful states in the US is
Alaska because of the truly wonderful glacier experience it offers. Glacier

cruises are very popular vacation destinations.

If you’re thinking of going on a glacier trip, you should plan your trip way

ahead of the actual date. Usually, the months from March to October are the

best times to go on a glacier cruise. As early as summer or even in the spring,

do your research on glacier travel packages so you can book your trip.

Glacier travels are family friendly vacations. Not all vacation spots offer

activities that everybody in the family can enjoy. The glaciers are the types of

places that you can safely take your children. You’ll be able to enjoy

sightseeing and other family friendly activities.

Alaska boasts numerous Glacier Bay cruises. A cruise could be anywhere from

five to ten days. The glaciers aren't something that you can thoroughly enjoy

on a single night trip. To be able to fully experience the beauty of the glaciers,

you should try to travel around them and also observe their unique natural

habitat.

A glacier cruise is one trip you'll never forget. It’s highly recommended that

you bring your binoculars so you can take a better look at the grizzly bears,

coyotes, wolverines and other land mammals in the glaciers. You can also
expect to get a good view of whales and harbor seals around the snow covered

mountains.

A trip to the glacier will cost you a bit, though. For the usual five day cruise,

you should be prepared to spend at least $1,700 to $ 2,700 per person. The

glacier cruises don't come cheap, especially during the peak seasons. The price

naturally depends on the amenities you choose on board.

Most luxury cruise packages already include transportation to and from the

airport. Gourmet food and non-alcoholic drinks are also served on board. And

of course, there’s on board entertainment that your whole family will surely

enjoy. The price you pay also largely depends on the accommodations you

choose.

The amazing sights of the glacier can be observed from the ships deck. If

you’re willing to pay an additional few dollars, you might even get the thrilling

view from your balcony. Just make sure to budget your expenses well. Most of

the time, local taxes aren't included in the advertised rates. Also, you may

want to add some shore or bay excursions that will have additional fees.

Glaciers are one of the most picturesque sights in the world. It’s just so

unfortunate to know that they may not be around forever. Changing weather
conditions threaten the beauty of these glaciers. For one, there’s the global

warming which causes some parts of the glaciers to melt into the ocean.

These situations make glacier travel something that should be done as soon as

possible, or else, you might lose your chance to view the wonderful sights

offered by these glaciers. This is probably one of the reasons why Alaska is

crowded with tourists during the winter season.

Not only tourists are booking a trips to the glaciers but also geologists and

glacier researchers. Glaciers are there for everyone. Outdoor lovers will surely

have fun exploring the location, as well as researchers will find a lot of

interesting facts to discover. So whether you are an explorer or scientist by

heart, and whatever your age is, traveling to the glaciers will give you

something to look forward to.

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