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A management information system (MIS) is a system that provides information needed to manage

organizations effectively.
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Management information systems involve three primary resources: technology,
information, and people. t's important to recognize that while all three resources are key components when
studying management information systems ... the most important resource is people. Management information
systems are regarded to be a subset of the overall internal controls procedures in a business, which cover the
application of people, documents, technologies, and procedures used by management accountants to solve
business problems such as costing a product, service or a business-wide strategy. Management information
systems are distinct from regular information systems in that they are used to analyze other information
systems applied in operational activities in the organization.
[2]
Academically, the term is commonly used to refer
to the group of information management methods tied to the automation or support of human decision making,
e.g. Decision Support Systems, Expert systems, and Executive information systems.
[2]
nitially in businesses and other organizations, internal reporting was made manually and only
periodically, as a by-product of the accounting system and with some additional statistic(s), and gave
limited and delayed information on management performance. Previously, data had to be separated
individually by the people as per the requirement and necessity of the organization. Later, data was
distinguished from information, and so instead of the collection of mass of data, important and to the
point data that is needed by the organization was stored.
Earlier, business computers were mostly used for relatively simple operations such as tracking sales
or payroll data, often without much detail. Over time, these applications became more complex and
began to store increasing amount of information while also interlinking with
previously separate information systems. As more and more data was stored and linked man began
to analyze this information into further detail, creating entire management reports from the raw, stored
data. The term "MS" arose to describe these kinds of applications, which were developed to provide
managers with information about sales, inventories, and other data that would help in managing the
enterprise. Today, the term is used broadly in a number of contexts and includes (but is not limited
to): decision support systems, resource and people management applications, Enterprise Resource
Planning (ERP), Supply Chain Management (SCM), Customer Relationship
Management (CRM), project management and database retrieval applications.
An 'MS' is a planned system of the collection, processing, storage and dissemination of data in the
form of information needed to carry out the management functions. n a way, it is a documented
report of the activities that were planned and executed. According to Philip Kotler "A marketing
information system consists of people, equipment, and procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate,
and distribute needed, timely, and accurate information to marketing decision makers."
[3]

The terms MIS and information system are often confused. nformation systems include systems that
are not intended for decision making. The area of study called MS is sometimes referred to, in a
restrictive sense, as information technology management. That area of study should not be confused
with computer science. T service management is a practitioner-focused discipline. MS has also
some differences with ERP which incorporates elements that are not necessarily focused on decision
support.
The successful MS must support a business's Five Year Plan or its equivalent. t must provide for
reports based upon performance analysis in areas critical to that plan, with feedback loops that allow
for titivation of every aspect of the business, including recruitment and training regimens. n effect,
MS must not only indicate how things are going, but why they are not going as well as planned where
that is the case. These reports would include performance relative to cost centers and projects that
drive profit or loss, and do so in such a way that identifies individual accountability, and in virtual real-
time.
Anytime a business is looking at implementing a new business system it is very important to use a
system development method such as System Development Life Cycle. The life cycle includes
Analysis, Requirements, Design, Development, Testing and mplementation.
Types of information management systems
There are many types of information management systems in the market that provide a wide range of
benefits for companies. Strategic information management system, customer relation management
systems and enterprise resource planning systems are some of them. The following are some of the
benefits that can be attained for different types of information management systems.
[4]

/;antages of information management systems (1) The company is able to highlight their
strength and weaknesses due to the presence of revenue reports, employee performance records
etc. The identification of these aspects can help the company to improve their business processes
and operations. (2) The availability of the customer data and feedback can help the company to align
their business processes according to the needs of the customers. The effective management of
customer data can help the company to perform direct marketing and promotion activities. (3)
nformation is considered to be an important asset for any company in the modern competitive world.
The consumer buying trends and behaviors can be predicted by the analysis of sales and revenue
reports from each operating region of the company.

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Awalnya dalam bisnis dan organisasi lainnya, pelaporan intern dibuat secara manual dan hanya
secara periodik, sebagai produk sampingan dari sistem akuntansi dan dengan beberapa statistik
tambahan (s), dan memberikan terbatas dan tertunda informasi mengenai kinerja
manajemen.Sebelumnya, data harus dipisahkan secara individual oleh masyarakat sesuai
persyaratan dan kebutuhan organisasi.Kemudian, data dibedakan dari informasi, dan bukannya
pengumpulan massa data, penting dan titik data yang dibutuhkan oleh organisasi disimpan.
Sebelumnya, komputer bisnis sebagian besar digunakan untuk operasi yang relatif sederhana seperti
pelacakan penjualan atau data penggajian, seringkali tanpa banyak detail.Seiring waktu, aplikasi ini
menjadi lebih kompleks dan mulai untuk menyimpan peningkatan jumlah informasi sementara juga
interlinking dengan sebelumnyaterpisahsistem informasi.Seperti dan lebih data yang lebih disimpan
dan manusia terkait mulai menganalisis informasi ini ke detail lebih lanjut, membuat laporan
manajemen seluruh dari data mentah yang tersimpan,.stilah "MS" muncul untuk menggambarkan
jenis-jenis aplikasi, yang dikembangkan untuk menyediakan manajer dengan informasi tentang
penjualan, persediaan, dan data lain yang akan membantu dalam mengelola perusahaan.Saat ini,
istilah ini digunakan secara luas dalam berbagai konteks dan termasuk (namun tidak terbatas
pada):sistem pendukung keputusan,sumber dayadanmanajemen aplikasi orang,Enterprise
Resource Planning(ERP),Supply Chain Management(SCM),Customer Relationship Management(
CRM),manajemen proyekdan pengambilan aplikasi database.
Sebuah 'MS' adalah sistem yang direncanakan itu, pengumpulan, penyimpanan pengolahan dan
penyebaran data dalam bentuk informasi yang dibutuhkan untuk melaksanakan fungsi
manajemen.Di satu sisi, itu merupakan laporan didokumentasikan kegiatan yang direncanakan dan
dilaksanakan.MenurutPhilip Kotler"Sebuah sistem informasi pemasaran terdiri dari orang,
peralatan, dan prosedur untuk mengumpulkan, menyortir, menganalisis, mengevaluasi, dan
mendistribusikan diperlukan, tepat waktu, dan informasi yang akurat kepada para pengambil
keputusan pemasaran."
MIS istilah dansistem informasisering bingung.sistem informasi termasuk sistem yang tidak
dimaksudkan untuk pengambilan keputusan.Daerah studi yang disebut MS kadang-kadang disebut,
dalam arti terbatas, sebagaiteknologi pengelolaan informasi.Bahwa daerah studi tidak harus
bingung denganilmu komputer.layanan manajemen Tadalah sebuah disiplin terfokus praktisi.MS
juga beberapa perbedaan dengan ERP yang menggabungkan unsur-unsur yang tidak selalu
difokuskan pada pendukung keputusan.
MS berhasil harus mendukung's Lima Tahun Rencana bisnis atau setara.ni harus menyediakan
laporan analisis berdasarkan kinerja di daerah-daerah kritis untuk rencana itu, dengan loop umpan
balik yang memungkinkan untuk hal berdandan setiap aspek bisnis, termasuk rejimen rekrutmen dan
pelatihan.Akibatnya, MS tidak hanya harus menunjukkan bagaimana hal-hal yang akan, tapi
mengapa mereka tidak akan serta rencana mana yang terjadi.Laporan ini akan mencakup kinerja
relatif terhadap biaya pusat dan proyek-proyek yang mendorong laba atau rugi, dan melakukannya
sedemikian rupa yang mengidentifikasi akuntabilitas individu, dan secara real-time virtual.
Setiap kali sebuah bisnis melihat menerapkan sistem bisnis baru sangat penting untuk menggunakan
metode pengembangan sistem seperti Pengembangan Sistem Life Cycle.Siklus hidup meliputi
Analisis, Persyaratan, Desain, Pengembangan, Pengujian dan mplementasi.
Jenis sistem informasi manajemen
Ada banyak jenis sistem manajemen informasi di pasar yang memberikan berbagai manfaat bagi
perusahaan.Strategis sistem informasi manajemen, sistem manajemen hubungan nasabah dan
perencanaan sumber daya sistem perusahaan adalah beberapa dari mereka.Berikut ini adalah
beberapa manfaat yang dapat dicapai untuk berbagai jenis sistem manajemen informasi.
euntungan sistem manajemen informasi (1) Perusahaan dapat menyorot kekuatan dan
kelemahan karena adanya laporan penghasilan, catatan kinerja karyawan dll identifikasi aspek ini
dapat membantu perusahaan untuk meningkatkan proses bisnis mereka dan operasi.(2)
ketersediaan data pelanggan dan umpan balik dapat membantu perusahaan untuk menyesuaikan
proses bisnis mereka sesuai dengan kebutuhan pelanggan.Manajemen yang efektif data pelanggan
dapat membantu perusahaan untuk melakukan pemasaran langsung dan kegiatan promosi.(3)
nformasi dianggap menjadi aset penting bagi perusahaan manapun di dunia modern yang
kompetitif.Kecenderungan beli konsumen dan perilaku dapat diprediksi dengan analisis penjualan
dan laporan pendapatan dari setiap wilayah operasi perusahaan.

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