Anil Chejara Roll No. 9003022 Group No.

GEAR PUMP
THEORY: Gear pumps are Mechanical Devices which when connected to a pipe system then it converts Energy supplied into Hydraulic Energy. Gear pumps maintains low of liquid from a lower to a higher head.The types of pump vary in principle and design and the specified pumps are used for special tasks.The Gear Pump are example of Positive Displacement type Pumps. Gear pumps use toothed gears turning inside a close tolerance housing to draw-in liquid and then squeezing it out ahead of them. These pumps are positive displacement pumps and anything drawn into them will be forced out. As a consequence they can generate very high discharge pressures. Maintaining the close tolerances between the housing and the cogs is critical to efficient operation. The clearance between the edges, of the teeth and the housing and the ends of the cogs and the back and front walls of the housing are very small. Between the teeth and housing it is in the order of 0.1 mm while the clearances between the front and back faces of the gears and the ends of the housing are only 0.025 mm. The fine clearances reduce liquid re-circulation back from the high-pressure discharge to the low-pressure suction side and make these pumps one of the most efficient available. Gear pumps usually have one shaft penetration through the housing for connection to the drive. To prevent surface to surface contact of teeth the product provides the lubrication. There are no valves in the gear pump to cause friction losses as in the reciprocating pump. The high impeller velocities, with resultant friction losses, are not required as in the centrifugal pump. Therefore, the gear pump is well suited for handling viscous fluids such as fuel and lubricating oils.

AIM: To determine the characteristics of Gear Pump and to find out: 1. Total head 2. Pump efficiency 3. Overall efficiency To plot the following performance characteristics:1. Head Vs Discharge 2. Pump efficiency Vs Discharge.

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP: sump tank Gear pump having a pair of meshed gears DC motor Thyristor controlled DC for DC motor variation A RPM indicator with proximity sensor Stop watch Vacuum gauge is fitted on suction line and pressure gauge is fitted on delivery line.

Procedure: Make sure that the apparatus are free from Dust. Now close the drain valve. Open Flow Control Valve given on the discharge line and Control valve given on suction line. Set the revolution of motor. Now record discharge pressure by means of Pressure Gauge, provided on discharge line. Record suction pressure by means of Vacuum Gauge, provided at suction of the pump. Record the power consumption by means of Energy meter, provided in panel with the help of stop watch. Measure the discharged by using measuring tank and Stop Watch. Repeat the same procedure for different speeds of pump and discharge.

CALCULATIONS: Given Data: Area of measuring tank (A) = 0.08 m2 Energy meter constant (EMC) = 6400 Pulses/ kWh Density of oil, = 868 Kg / m3 Motor efficiency, motor= 0.8 Oil height in measuring tank is considered 10cm and time taken by it to fill is noted.

S.No

RPM of pump

Gauge Pressure, Pd (Kg/cm2) 1.05 1.25 1.5 2.1 2.9

Vacuum pressure, Ps (mmHg) 105 110 140 170 210

Time taken to reach 10 cm (sec) 37.84 33.87 32.59 26.5 23.9

Time for 10 pulse, t (sec) 25 26.38 23.56 17.6 13.25

1 2 3 4 5

400 450 501 600 711

In above formulae, the terms stand for the following: A = Area of measuring tank, m2 EMC = energy meter constant N = Speed of Pump, RPM

H = Total Head, m P = Pulses of energy meter in 20 sec. Q = Discharge, m3/s R = Rise of height of fluid in measuring tank, m t = Time taken by R= 20 sec. tp= Time tank by P= 20 sec . o = Overall efficiency p = Pump efficiency = Density of fluid, Kg/ m3 Pd= Pressure at discharge Ps= Pressure at suction end

S. No.

H.P. Elect.

H.P. Shaft

Discharge, Q (m3/sec)

Total Head, H (m of oil)

H.P. Pump

Overall efficiency, o (%) 11.734 16.105 17.903 22.445 25.410

Pump Efficiency, p (%) 14.667 20.131 22.379 28.056 31.763

1 2 3 4

0.302 0.286 0.320 0.428

0.241 0.229 0.256 0.343 0.455

0.000211416 0.000236197 0.000245474 0.000301887 0.000334728

14.46 16.84 20.17 27.52 37.33

0.03539 0.0460322 0.0572975 0.0961587 0.1446042

5 0.569

Graphical Representation: 1. Head Vs. Discharge

40.00 30.00 Head (m 20.00 10.00 0.00 0

Head vs. Q

0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 Q (Discharge) m3/sec

0.0004

2. Pump efficiency Vs. Discharge

pump vs. Q
35.000 30.000 25.000 pump 20.000 15.000 10.000 5.000 0.000 0 0.0001 0.0002 Q (Discharge) m3/sec 0.0003 0.0004

Conclusion: Total head, pump efficiency and overall efficiency are calculated at different power (R.P.M.) of pump and all are proportional to R.P.M. As we increase the discharge through pump then the efficiency also increases. The discharge through the pump depends on the power (R.P.M.) applied to the pump. And it increases with increase in R.P.M. The gear pump increase kinetic energy of liquid by accelerating the liquid.

SOURCES OF ERRORS AND PRECAUTIONS Never run the pump without liquid in it, as this would cause damage to stuffing box. Bush bearing etc. Never try to throttle the suction side of the pump to control discharge, as it would seriously affect the performance of the pump. Human error is possible while reading the stop watch. Error in measurement of pressure by pressure gauge and vacuum gauge. Error in oil flow due to dust particles. Dont operate Gear pump at low voltage. Always keep apparatus free from dust and Use clean oil.