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Suggested solutions MaC2NVC08-Part II: VG/MVG-level Test

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CHAPTER TEST: Ch 2 Rate of Change and Differentials MATHEMATICS COURSE C Fall 2009: MaCNVC08 Part II: VG/MVG-level Warning: There are more than one versions of the test. Instructions Test period Tools The test 11:35-12:50 Formula sheet, ruler and graphic calculator. For most items a single answer is not enough. It is also expected that you write down what you do that you explain/motivate your reasoning that you draw any necessary illustrations. After every item is given the maximum mark your solution can receive. [2/3] means that the item can give 2 g-points (Pass level) and 3 vg-points (Pass with distinction level). Items marked with give you a possibility to show MVG-quality (Pass with special distinction quality). This means that you use generalised methods, models and reasoning, that you analyse your results and account for a clear line of thought in a correct mathematical language. Try all of the problems. It can be relatively easy, even towards the end of the test, to receive some points for partial solutions. A positive evaluation can be given even for unfinished solutions. Mark limits The test gives totally at the most 26 points, out of which 21 vg-points and 3 MVG-pints. To pass the test you must have at least 9 points. To qualify for higher grade you need to have a score more than 27 points in the G-test. To get the test character Pass with distinction (VG) you must have at least 17 points. Pass with distinction level Excellence (MVG) requires at least 20 points out of which at least 14 VG points and excellent quality presentation of the solutions . Class-School: NVC08 Sjdalsgymnasiet
26 Total/Limits Grade 9G 17 VG 20 MVG+

Name: ________________________

Problem 1a 1b 2 3a 3b 3c 4a 4b 5 Sum G 1 1 1 1 1 5 VG 1 2 3 1 2 2 2 4 4 21 MVG G VG MVG

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Suggested solutions MaC2NVC08-Part II: VG/MVG-level Test

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1. Differentiate the following functions with respect to x , and calculate the value of the derivative of the function at the given point. Give the answer in the surd (exact) form. Show the necessary details of your calculations as clear as possible: 25 x 2 30 x + 9 5x . a. Find y ( 1) if y = [1/1] 5x 3 x x 2x + x b. Find f (4 ) if f ( x ) = . [0/2] x 1 Suggested solutions:

25 x 2 30 x + 9 5x a. y = 5x 3 (5 x 3)2 5 x = (5 x 3) 5 x = 25x 2 15x y= (5 x 3) y = 25 2 x 21 15 = 50 x 15 y ( 1) = 50 ( 1) 15 = 50 15 = 65


f (x ) =
f (x ) =

Answer: y = 50 x 15 Answer: y ( 1) = 65

[0/1] [1/0]

b.

x x 2x + x x 1

x x 2 x +1 = x 1
1 2

(
1

x 1 = x x 1
1

x 1 = x x = x x

1 2

1 1 1 1 f ( x ) = x x f (x ) = 1 x 2 = 1 x 2 = 1 2 2 2 x 1 1 1 3 f ( x ) = 1 f (4 ) = 1 = 1 = 4 4 2 x 2 4

[0/1] Answer: f (4) =

3 4

[0/1]

by interpreting it as the derivative of a function. [0/3] h Suggested Solutions: (1 + h )5678 1 as the derivative of a function, then we may If we interpret lim h 0 h rewrite it as: (1 + h )5678 1 f (1) = lim h 0 h Then may recognize the function is f ( x ) = x 5678 . This is due to the fact that:
h 0

2.

(1 + h )5678 1 Find lim

(1 + h ) (1) = lim (1 + h ) 1 f (1 + h ) f (1) [0/1] = lim h 0 h 0 h 0 h h h 5679 f (x ) = x 5678 f ( x ) = 5678 x 56781 = 5678 x 5679 f (1) = 5678 (1) = 5678 [0/1] Therefore: (1 + h )5678 1 = 5678 Answer: f (1) = lim [0/1] h 0 h
f (1) = lim
5678 5678 5678

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Suggested solutions MaC2NVC08-Part II: VG/MVG-level Test

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When evaluating your work, in problems 3-5 I will take into consideration: how well you perform your investigation. how relevant, clear and complete your solutions are. how generalized your solutions are. if your calculations are correct. how well you analyze and evaluate your results. 3. Atmospheric pressure P( x ) mBar as a function of x km above the sea level, decreases according P( x ) = 1013 e 0.145 x mBar a. At what height the atmospheric pressure is 600. mBar ? [1/1] b. Find P (4.00 ) . What does P (4.00 ) mean? [1/2] c. At what height above the sea level does the atmospheric pressure decreases at the rate of 50.0 mbar / km ? [0/2/] Suggested Solution:

P Atmospheric pressure vs altitude 1200 1000 P [mBar] 800 600 400 200 0 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0 x Altitude km
a. Answer: The atmospheric pressure is 600. mBar at the height x 3.61 km above the sea level.
P (x ) = 1013 e 0.145 x mBar

P( x ) = 1013 e 0.145 x mBar

600 = 1013 e 0.145 x 1013 e 0.145 x = 600 600 e 0.145 x = = 0.5923 ln (e 0.145 x ) = ln(0.5923) 1013 0.145 x ln (e ) = ln (0.5923) ln (e ) = 1 , and log(a k ) = k log(k ) are used

[1/0]

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Suggested solutions MaC2NVC08-Part II: VG/MVG-level Test

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ln(0.5923) km = 3.612 km Answer: x 3.61 km [0/1] 0.145 b. Answer: P (4.00) 82.2 mBar / km .This means that the atmospheric pressure decreases at the rate of 82.2 mBar / km at 4.00 km above the sea level. [0/1] P( x ) = 1013 e 0.145 x mBar P( x ) = 1013 ( 0.145) e 0.145 x mBar / km f ( x ) = A e k x f ( x ) = A k e k x is used P( x ) = 146.89 e 0.145 x mBar / km [1/0] 0.145( 4.00 ) P(4.00) = 146.89 e mBar / km 82.2 mBar / km [0/1] x=
c. Answer: At x = 7.43 km above the sea level the atmospheric pressure change at the rate of 50.0 mbar / km . P( x ) = 146.89 e 0.145 x mBar / km 146.89 e 0.145 x mBar / km = 50.0 mBar / km 50 e 0.145 x = mBar / km = 0.3404 mBar / km [0/1] 146.89 ln e 0.145 x = ln(0.3404)
0.145 x ln (e ) = ln (0.3404 ) ln(0.3404) x= = 7.4321 km 7.43 km 0.145

ln (e ) = 1 , and log a k = k log(k ) are used

( )

[0/1/]

20 0 -20 P' [mBar/km] -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 -140 -160 X Altitude [km]
P( x ) = 146.89 e 0.145 x mBar / km

0,0

1,0

2,0

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

7,0

8,0

9,0

10,0

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Suggested solutions MaC2NVC08-Part II: VG/MVG-level Test 4. The figure below is the graph of the function f ( x ) =

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x = a . Calculate the area of the triangle AOB a. if a = 9 . b. as a function of a .

10 and that of the tangent to it at x


[1/2] [1/4/]

Suggested solutions: 10 The function f ( x ) = and the tangent to it, y = kx + m at x = a share two important x properties a. y (a ) = f (a ) : The function and its tangent share the point x = a . b. k = f (a ) : The slope of the tangent to the function at x = a is equal to the rate at which the function is changing at the point. 10 f (x ) = x 10 10 y (a) = f (a ) = Answer: y (a) = f (a ) = a a
10 10 = 1 = 10 x 2 x x2 1 3 10 2 1 5 f ( x ) = x = 5 x 2 = 2 x x

[0/1]

[1/0]

f (x ) =

Answer k = f (a ) =

5 a a

[0/1]

Therefore equation of the tangent to f ( x ) =

10 at x = a may be written as x

y=

5 a a

x + m.

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Suggested solutions MaC2NVC08-Part II: VG/MVG-level Test


The value of m may be determined using y (a) = f (a ) =

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10 . a

10 5 = a + m / a a a / 10 5 15 m= + = a a a
Answer: The equation of the tangent to the curve f ( x ) =

[0/1]

10 at x = a is x
[0/1]

y=

5 a a

x+

15 a

If a = 9 : The equation of the tangent to the curve at x = 9 is y =

5 x +5: 27

y=

5 9 9

x+

15 5 15 5 = x + = x + 5. 93 3 27 9

Using the general case and recognizing the fact that the height of the 15 triangle, OA , is the y-intercept of the tangent: OA = , and the base of a 5 15 OB + the triangle, OB , is x-intercept of the tangent: 0 = a a a Multiply both sides of the equation by

a a : OB =3a 5

[0/1]

And the area of the triangle is: 1 1 15 A = OA OB = (3a ) A = 22.5 a lu 2 2 2 a 15 15 = = 5 lu and OB =3a = 3 9 = 27 lu For the case a = 9 : OA = a 9 Answer: The area of the triangle AOB is: A = 67.5 lu 2 : 1 1 A = OA OB = 5 27 = 67.5 lu 2 A = 22.5 a = 22.5 9 = 22.5 3 = 67.5 lu 2 2 2

[0/1]

[1/0]

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Suggested solutions MaC2NVC08-Part II: VG/MVG-level Test

NV-College

5. Use the definition of the derivatives, i.e. lim


Suggested solutions:
f ( x ) = lim
h 0

f (x + h) f (x ) , to show that the derivative h0 h of the function f (x ) = x 2 g (x ) is: f ( x ) = 2 x g (x ) + x 2 g ( x ) . [0/4/]

f (x ) = lim
h0

(x

(x + h ) g (x + h ) x 2 g (x ) f (x + h ) f (x ) = lim h0 h h
2
2

+ 2 xh + h 2 g ( x + h ) x 2 g ( x ) x 2 g (x + h ) + 2 xh g (x + h ) + h 2 g ( x + h ) x 2 g (x ) = lim h 0 h h

x 2 g (x + h ) x 2 g (x ) h 2 g (x + h ) 2 xh g ( x + h ) + lim + lim h 0 h 0 h 0 h h h 2 x [g (x + h ) g (x )] f (x ) = lim + lim 2 x g ( x + h ) + lim h g (x + h ) h 0 h 0 h 0 h g (x + h ) g (x ) f (x ) = x 2 lim + 2 x g (x ) h 0 h 2 QED f ( x ) = x g (x ) + 2 x g (x ) 2 Answer: f (x ) = 2 x g ( x ) + x g (x ) f (x ) = lim

Note that in the calculations above the following steps are taken:
lim

x 2 g (x + h ) x 2 g (x ) x 2 g (x + h ) x 2 g (x ) g (x + h) g (x ) 2 = lim = x 2 lim = x g ( x ) h 0 h 0 h h h h0 / 2 xh g ( x + h ) 2 xh g (x + h ) lim = lim = lim 2 x g (x + h ) = 2 x lim g (x + h ) = 2 x g (x ) h 0 h 0 h 0 h 0 / h h 2 h g (x + h ) lim = lim h g (x + h ) = 0 h 0 h 0 h

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