A SEMINAR ON BLUE EYES TECHNOLOGY

By:Rohan Chugh 1531323107

Department of Information Technology Guru Tegh Bahadur Institute of Technology

Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Kashmere Gate,New Delhi

Year 2010-2011

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my great gratitude towards, Mr. Munshi Yadav (H.O.D CSE/ IT Department) and Mr. Amanpreet Singh who has given me support and suggestions. Without their help I could not have presented this dissertation up to the present standard. I also take this opportunity to thank everyone who helped me directly or indirectly in the completion of this seminar.

Rohan Chugh 1531323107

ABSTRACT A study has shown that people with personalities that are similar collaborate well. Dryer (1999) has also shown that people view their computer as having a personality. For these reasons, it is important to develop computers which can work well with its user. This is where the blue eyes technology comes into force. With the abilities to gather information about you and interact with you through special techniques like facial recognition, speech recognition, etc., it can even understand your emotions at the touch of the mouse. It verifies your identity, feels your presence, and starts interacting with you. So the ultimate aim of BLUEEYES TECHNOLOGY is to create a user friendly system that can increase the productivity of the user by adapting itself to the users mood. With the eye tracker technology it can reduce the users work load. It will move the cursor directly to the place where the user is staring at. The additional facility of speech recognition bestows you with the ability to just dictate commands to the computer while you can engage yourself with some other work. Using eye tracker technology the computer can use the SUITOR facility to provide the user additional info about the topic he is reading/ looking at in a tab. This will for sure reduce his job of having to search for the information all by himself. So this concept of BLUEEYE TECHNOLOGY IS SURELY A BOON. After all who would not want to own a computer that: (1) Can easily adapt to your mood, (2) Perform tasks the moment you actually tell it what you want (3) Help you by gathering more additional information (4) Saves you the job of having to move your cursor to a long distance (5) With further additions, can even help to monitor your health.

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig No
1.1

Figure Name
The BlueEye system with the camera(s) mounted on top and the display integrated into the table surface.

Page
9

3.1 3.2

Emotional Mouse Bright and dark pupil images

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CONTENTS
Chapter Title Page Acknowledgement Abstract Tables and figures
1. Introduction 1.1 Aim 1.2 Objective 2. Definition of BlueEyes Technology 3. Technologies used 3.1 Emotion Mouse 3.2 MAGIC

Page No. 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 10 10 11 13 16 18 18

3.3 Artificial Intelligent Speech Recognition 3.4 SUITOR

4

System Overview
4.1 Parts of BlueEye system

4.1.1 DAU 4.2.2 CSU

5

Applications and Future Scope References

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7.

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Is it possible to create a computer which can interact with us as we interact each other? For example imagine in a fine morning you walk on to your computer room and switch on your computer, and then it tells you Hey friend, good morning you seem to be a bad mood today. And then it opens your mailbox and shows you some of the mails and tries to cheer you. It seems to be a fiction, but it will be the life lead by BLUE EYES in the very near future. The basic idea behind this technology is to give the computer the human power. We all have some perceptual abilities. That is we can understand each others feelings. For example we can understand ones emotional state by analyzing his facial expression. If we add these perceptual abilities of human to computers would enable computers to work together with human beings as intimate partners. The BLUE EYES technology aims at creating computational machines that have perceptual and sensory ability like those of human beings. Blue Eyes uses sensing technology to identify a user's actions and to extract key information. This information is then analyzed to determine the user's physical, emotional, or informational state, which in turn can be used to help make the user more productive by performing expected actions or by providing expected information. For example, in future a Blue Eyes-enabled television could become active when the user makes eye contact, at which point the user could then tell the television to "turn on". This paper is about the hardware, software, benefits and interconnection of various parts involved in the blue eye technology.
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1.1 Aim The aim of this seminar is to study about BlueEyes Technologyand have a deep insight of latest developments taking place in this field. 1.2 Objectives
Research current methods to implement BlueEyes technology.

Research into latest developments in this area. To realise the applications of BlueEyes technology.

CHAPTER 2 1.WHAT IS BLUEEYES TECHNOLOGY?

Animal survival depends on highly developed sensory abilities. Likewise, human cognition depends on highly developed abilities to perceive, integrate, and interpret visual, auditory, and touch information. Without a doubt, computers would be much more powerful if they had even a small fraction of the perceptual ability of animals or humans. Adding such perceptual abilities to computers would enable computers and humans to work together more as partners. Toward this end, the Blue Eyes aims at creating computational devices with the sort of perceptual abilities that people take for granted Blue eyes is being developed by the team of Poznan University of Technology& Microsoft. It makes use of the blue tooth technology developed by Ericsson. BlueEyes is the name of a human recognition venture initiated by IBM to allow people to interact with computers in a more natural manner. The technology aims to enable devices to recognize and use natural input, such as facial expressions. The initial developments of this project include scroll mice and other input devices that sense the user's pulse, monitor his or her facial expressions, and the movement of his or her eyelids. BlueEyes technology aims at creating computational machines that have perceptual and sensory ability.It uses cameras and microphones to identify user actions and emotions. BLUE in the term stands for Bluetooth, which enables reliable wireless communication and EYES has been used because the eye movement enables us to obtain a lot of interesting and important information. It doesnt predict nor interfere with operators thoughts nor can it force directly the operator to work.

Figure 1.1 The BlueEye systems with the camera(s) mounted on top and the display integrated into the table surface.

CHAPTER 3 2.TECHNOLOGIES USED

To implement BlueEyes technology four main technologies are used: Emotion Mouse Manual And Gaze Input Cascaded (MAGIC) Artificial Intelligent Speech Recognition Simple User Interest Tracker (SUITOR) 3.1 Emotion Mouse By matching a persons emotional state and the context of the expressed emotion, over a period of time the persons personality is being exhibited. Therefore, by giving the computer a longitudinal understanding of the emotional state of its user, the computer could adapt a working style which fits with its users personality. The result of this collaboration could increase productivity for the user. One way of gaining information from a user non-intrusively is by video. Cameras have been used to detect a persons emotional state (Johnson, 1999). We have explored gaining information through touch. One obvious place to put sensors is on the mouse. Through observing normal computer usage (creating and editing documents and surfing the web), people spend approximately 1/3 of their total computer time touching their input device. Because of the incredible amount of time spent touching an input device, we will explore the possibility of detecting emotion through touch.

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Figure 3.1 Emotional Mouse 3.2 Manual and Gaze Input Cascaded (MAGIC) This is a way of providing input to the computer through eye gaze. With such an approach , pointing on screen appears to the user a manual task, used for fine manipulations and selections. In this a large portion of the cursor movement is eliminated by warping the cursor to the eye gaze area, which encompasses the target. This technique has many advantages including reduced physical effort and fatigue, greater accuracy and naturalness and faster speed. Here we have limited to the most advanced technique of MAGIC i.e. the IBM Alamaden eye tracker. 3.2.1 The IBM Almaden Eye Tracker This system is much more compact and reliable. However, it is still not robust enough for a variety of people with different eye characteristics, such as pupil brightness and correction glasses. Available commercial systems, such as those made by ISCAN Incorporated, LC Technologies, and Applied Science Laboratories (ASL), rely on a single light source that is positioned either off the camera axis in the case of the ISCANETL-400 systems, or on-axis in the case of the LCT and the ASL
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E504 systems. Illumination from an off-axis source (or ambient illumination) generates a dark pupil image. When the light source is placed on-axis with the camera optical axis, the camera is able to detect the light reflected from the interior of the eye, and the image of the pupil appears bright

Figure 3.2: Bright (left) and dark (right) pupil images resulting from onand off-axis illumination. The glints, or corneal reflections, from the onand off-axis light sources can be easily identified as the bright points in the iris. Almaden system uses two near infrared (IR) time multiplexed light sources, composed of two sets of IR LED's, which were synchronized with the camera frame rate. One light source is placed very close to the camera's optical axis and is synchronized with the even frames. Odd frames are synchronized with the second light source, positioned off axis. The two light sources are calibrated to provide approximately equivalent whole-scene illumination. Pupil detection is realized by means of subtracting the dark pupil image from the bright pupil image. After thresholding the difference, the largest connected component is identified as the pupil. This technique significantly increases the robustness and reliability of the eye tracking system. Once the pupil has been detected, the corneal reflection (the glint reflected from the surface of the cornea due to one of the light sources) is determined from the dark pupil image. The reflection is then used to
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estimate the user's point of gaze in terms of the screen coordinates where the user is looking at. The estimation of the user's gaze requires an initial calibration procedure. 3.3 Artificial Intelligent Speech Recognition It is important to consider the environment in which the speech recognition system has to work. The grammar used by the speaker and accepted by the system, noise level, noise type, position of the microphone, and speed and manner of the users speech are some factors that may affect the quality of speech recognition .When you dial the telephone number of a big company, you are likely to hear the sonorous voice of a cultured lady who responds to your call with great courtesy saying Welcome to company X. Please give me the extension number you want. You pronounce the extension number, your name, and the name of person you want to contact. If the called person accepts the call, the connection is given quickly. This is artificial intelligence where an automatic call- handling system is used without employing any telephone operator.

3.3.1 The Technology Artificial intelligence (AI) involves two basic ideas. First, it involves studying the thought processes of human beings. Second, it deals with representing those processes via machines (like computers, robots, etc). AI is behavior of a machine, which, if performed by a human being, would be called intelligent. It makes machines smarter and more useful, and is less expensive than natural intelligence. Natural language processing (NLP) refers to artificial intelligence methods of communicating with a computer in a natural language like English. The main objective of a NLP program is to understand input and initiate
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action. The input words are scanned and matched against internally stored known words. Identification of a key word causes some action to be taken. In this way, one can communicate with the computer in ones language. No special commands or computer language are required. There is no need to enter programs in a special language for creating software. 3.3.2 Speech Recognition The user speaks to the computer through a microphone with a simple system that may contain a minimum of three filters. The more the number of filters used, the higher the probability of accurate recognition. Presently, switched capacitor digital filters are used because these can be custom-built in integrated circuit form. These are smaller and cheaper than active filters using operational amplifiers. The filter output is then fed to the ADC to translate the analogue signal into digital word. The ADC samples the filter outputs many times a second. Each sample represents different amplitude of the signal. Evenly spaced vertical lines represent the amplitude of the audio filter output at the instant of sampling. Each value is then converted to a binary number proportional to the amplitude of the sample. A central processor unit (CPU) controls the input circuits that are fed by the ADCS. A large RAM (random access memory) stores all the digital values in a buffer area. This digital information, representing the spoken word, is now accessed by the CPU to process it further. The normal speech has a frequency range of 200 Hz to 7 kHz. Recognizing a telephone call is more difficult as it has bandwidth limitation of 300 Hz to3.3 kHz. As explained earlier, the spoken words are processed by the filters and ADCs. The binary representation of each of these words becomes a template or standard, against which the future words are compared. These templates are stored in the memory. Once the storing process is completed, the system can go into its active mode and is capable of
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identifying spoken words. As each word is spoken, it is converted into binary equivalent and stored in RAM. The computer then starts searching and compares the binary input pattern with the templates. t is to be noted that even if the same speaker talks the same text, there are always slight variations in amplitude or loudness of the signal, pitch, frequency difference, time gap, etc. Due to this reason, there is never a perfect match between the template and binary input word. The pattern matching process therefore uses statistical techniques and is designed to look for the best word. The values of binary input words are subtracted from the corresponding values in the templates. If both the values are same, the difference is zero and there is perfect match. If not, the subtraction produces some difference or error. The smaller the error, the better the match. When the best match occurs, the word is identified and displayed on the screen or used in some other manner. The search process takes a considerable amount of time, as the CPU has to make many comparisons before recognition occurs. This necessitates use of very high-speed processors. A large RAM is also required as even though a spoken word may last only a few hundred milliseconds, but the same is translated into many thousands of digital words. It is important to note that alignment of words and templates are to be matched correctly in time, before computing the similarity score. This process, termed as dynamic time warping, recognizes that different speakers pronounce the same words at different speeds as well as elongate different parts of the same word. This is important for the speaker-independent recognizers. 3.3.3 Applications One of the main benefits of speech recognition system is that it lets user do other works simultaneously. The user can concentrate on observation and manual operations, and still control the machinery by voice input commands. Another major application of speech processing is in military
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operations. Voice control of weapons is an example. With reliable speech recognition equipment, pilots can give commands and information to the computers by simply speaking into their microphonesthey dont have to use their hands for this purpose. Another good example is a radiologist scanning hundreds of X- rays, ultrasonograms, CT scans and simultaneously dictating conclusions to a speech recognition system connected to word processors. The radiologist can focus his attention on the images rather than writing the text. Voice recognition could also be used on computers for making airline and hotel reservations. A user requires simply to state his needs, make reservation, cancel a reservation, or make enquiries about schedule

3.4 The Simple User Interest Tracker (SUITOR) Computers would have been much more powerful, had they gained perceptual and sensory abilities of the living beings on the earth. What needs to be delivered is an intimate relationship between the computers and the humans. SUITOR is a revolutionary approach in this direction. By observing the Webpage the subject is browsing, the SUITOR can help by fetching more information on the desktop. By Simply noticing where the user s eye focus on the computer screen , the SUITOR can be more precise in determining his topic of interest. It can even deliver relevant information to a handheld device. The success lies in how much the SUITOR can be intimate to the user. IBMs BlueEyes research concentrated on if we can explore non verbal cues tp create more effective user interface. One such cue is gaze-the direction in which a person is looking. IBMs research has incorporated gaze-tracking technology into two prototypes. One, called SUITOR, fills a scrolling ticker on a computer
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screen with information related to users task. SUITOR knows where you are looking, what applications you are running and what page you may be browsing. For example if one is reading the headline of a story, it pops up the story in the browser window. If he reads story the computer adds related stories to the ticker.

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CHAPTER 4 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

3.

4.1 Parts of a BlueEye System The major parts in the Blue eye system are Data Acquisition Unit and Central System Unit. The tasks of the mobile Data Acquisition Unit are to maintain Bluetooth connections, to get information from the sensor and sending it over the wireless connection, to deliver the alarm messages sent from the Central System Unit to the operator and handle personalized ID cards. Central System Unit maintains the other side of the Blue tooth connection, buffers incoming sensor data, performs on-line data analysis, records the conclusions for further exploration and provides visualization interface. 4.1.1 Data Acquisition Unit DAU is a mobile part of the Blue eyes system. Its main task is to fetch the physiological data from the sensor and to send it to the central system to be processed. To accomplish the task the device must manage wireless Bluetooth connections (connection establishment, authentication and termination). Personal ID cards and PIN codes provide operator's authorization. Communication with the operator is carried on using a simple keyboard, a small LCD display and a beeper. When an exceptional situation is detected the device uses them to notify the operator. Voice data is transferred using a small headset, interfaced to the DAU with Standard mini jack plugs. 4.1.2 Central System Unit: Central System Unit hardware is the second peer of the wireless connection. The box contains a Bluetooth module and a PCM codec for voice data transmission. The module is interfaced to a PC using a parallel, serial and USB cable. The audio data is accessible through standard mini-jack sockets over view of central system unit to program operator's personal ID cards we developed a simple programming device. Central System Unit maintains the other side of the Blue tooth
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connection, buffers incoming sensor data, performs on-line data analysis, records the conclusions for further exploration and provides visualization interface. 4.1.2.1 CSU Components
Connection Manager main task to perform low-level blue tooth

communication. Data Analysis Module performs the analysis of the raw sensor data in order. to obtain information about operators physiological condition Data Logger Module provides support for storing the monitored data. Visualization Module provides user interface for the supervisors.

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CHAPTER 5 4.APPLICATIONS
1. Computers Can Anticipate Users Wants BlueEyes is developing ways for computers to anticipate users' wants by gathering video data on eye movement and facial expression. Your gaze might rest on a Web site heading, for example, and that would prompt your computer to find similar links and to call them up in a new window. But the first practical use for the research turns out to be snooping on shoppers. BlueEyes software makes sense of what the cameras see to answer key questions for retailers, including, How many shoppers ignored a promotion? How many stopped? How long did they stay? Did their faces register boredom or delight? How many reached for the item and put it in their shopping carts? BlueEyes works by tracking pupil, eyebrow and mouth movement. When monitoring pupils, the system uses a camera and two infrared light sources placed inside the product display. One light source is aligned with the camera's focus; the other is slightly off axis. When the eye looks into the camera-aligned light, the pupil appears bright to the sensor, and the software registers the customer's attention. This is way it captures the person's income and buying preferences. BlueEyes is actively been incorporated in some of the leading retail outlets. 2. In Automobile Industry Another application would be in the automobile industry. By simply touching a computer input device such as a mouse, the computer system is designed to be able to determine a person's emotional state. For cars, it could be useful to help with critical decisions like: "I know you want to get into the fast lane, but I'm afraid I can't do that. You are too upset right now" and therefore assist in driving safely. Face-responsive Displays" and "Perceptive Environments Current interfaces between computers and humans can present information vividly, but have no sense of whether that information is
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3.

ever viewed or understood. In contrast, new real-time computer vision techniques for perceiving people allows us to create "Face-responsive Displays" and "Perceptive Environments", which can sense and respond to users that are viewing them. Using stereo-vision techniques, we are able to detect, track, and identify users robustly and in real time. This information can make spoken language interface more robust, by selecting the acoustic information from a visually-localized source. Environments can become aware of how many people are present, what activity is occurring, and therefore what display or messaging modalities are most appropriate to use in the current situation. The results of our research will allow the interface between computers and human users to become more natural and intuitive. 4. Video Games We could see its use in video games where, it could give individual challenges to customers playing video games. Typically targeting commercial business. The integration of children's toys, technologies and computers is enabling new play experiences that were not commercially feasible until recently. The Intel Play QX3 Computer Microscope, the Me2Cam with Fun Fair, and the Computer Sound Morpher are commercially available smart toy products developed by the Intel Smart Toy Lab in . One theme that is common across these PCconnected toys is that users interact with them using a combination of visual, audible and tactile input & output modalities. The presentation will provide an overview of the interaction design of these products and pose some unique challenges faced by designers and engineers of such experiences targeted at novice computer users, namely young children. 5. Less Explicit Communication The familiar and useful come from things we recognize. Many of our favorite things' appearance communicate their use; they show the change in their value though patina. As technologists we are now poised to imagine a world where computing objects communicate with us in-situ; where we are. We use our looks, feelings, and actions to give the computer the experience it needs to work with us. Keyboards and mice will not continue to dominate computer user interfaces. Keyboard input will be replaced in large measure by systems that know what we want and require less explicit
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communication. Sensors are gaining fidelity and ubiquity to record presence and actions; sensors will notice when we enter a space, sit down, lie down, pump iron, etc. Pervasive infrastructure is recording it. This talk will cover projects from the Context Aware Computing Group at MIT Media Lab.

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CHAPTER 6 5. FUTURE SCOPE

1. BlueeEye Systems In Control Systems Of Machines Can Prevent Disasters. Human error is still one of the most frequent causes of catastrophes (like nuclear disasters) and ecological disasters, because human contribution to the overall performance of the system is left unsupervised. The control instruments within the machine have automated it to large extent, thus Human operator becomes a passive observer of the supervised system, resulting in weariness and vigilance drop, but the user needs to active.

2. Appliances Can Be Connected To Work as Per Users Desire.

For example, TV, refrigerator, AC, washing machine etc. could be connected together to function in an integrated environment for users convenience.
3. Systems May Adapt Users Mind Set-Up, Avoiding Him To

Even Express Desire. While being interacting with user for some time systems may acclimatize to users approach to things, his environment and needs and thereby work accordingly even if he doesnt explicitly mentions.
4. Systems May Evolve To Make User Remember The Forgetful

Events.

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Humans may forget things which may be important and avoiding them may hamper user or doing which may prove fructuous. In such a situation computer can anticipate events and remind user of them.
5. The System May In Future Become A Friend And Bestow

Feelings Through Consolation, Red Herrings Etc. Computers may understand emotions: fatigue, sorrow, joy, enthusiasm etc. and guide you accordingly. It may provide suggestions, consolation, appraisals, moral support etc. thereby becoming a friend, philosopher and guide.

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CHAPTER 7 6. REFRENCES
1. www.alphaworks.ibm.com/awap.nsf/alltype/86ECE8569056DDC7 88256AEE007A9702
2.

www.cse.ogi.edu/CHCC/Series/text2001.html

3. BlueEyes Technology, Computer Edge, Oct.2002, pages 23-27. 4. BlueEyes Technology and Applications, Business Solutions, Nov

2001,pages 95-99.
5. www.cs.put.poznan.com 6. www.whitepapers.com 7. www.ibmresearchcenter.com 8. www.almaden.ibm.com

9. Carpenter R. H. S., Movements of the eyes, 2nd edition, Pion Limited, 1988, London.
10. Quinlan J. R., C4.5 programs for machine learning, Morgan

Kaufmann Publishers, 1993, San Mateo, California.

11. http://www.articlesbase.com/networks-articles/blue-eyes-

monitoring-human-operator-system-420263.html
12. Milgram, P. and Kishino, F. (1994) A Taxonomy of Mixed Reality

Visual Displays, IEICE Transactions on Information Systems, 1321-1329.

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