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G.V.Jayaramaiah B.G.Fernandes
Energy Systems Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay,
Powai, Mumbai - 400 076, INDIA. Powai, Mumbai 400 076, INDIA.
~
vj ayaram@iitb.ac.in bgf@ee.iitb.ac.in
Abstract-This paper presents the voltage controller for sensing systems such as encoders or resolvers. There
induction generator (IG), to work with variable speeds are other proposals supplying rcactive current to the IG
and load, based on instantaneous power control (IPC). It by using a static reactive power compensator [5]-[7j
is based on the concept of controlling the instantaneous and shunt connected PWM voltage source inverters [SI.
real and imaginary power into the machine. This paper In all these schemes 3 phase capacitor bank is
outlines the basic algorithm of IPC and presents connected on the stator side. The value of the capacitor
simulation results of IG performance using Matlab I required is inversely proportional to the square of the
Simulink. prime mover speed. This increases the cost and
complexity of the Hardware because the undesired
Kqwords-Instanfaneous power control; Induction
Generator; Voliage source inverter; Imaginary power influence to the control structure. Another limitation is
that for a given capacitor valuc, self-excitation can only
be achieved and maintained for certain load and speed
I. INTRODUCTION conditions.
The Induction Generator using conventional squirrel
This paper proposes instantaneous power control for
cage induction machine has number of advantages such
controlling the terminal voltage of the IG under varying
as ruggedness, brushless cage rotor construction, load and speed without connecting 3 phase capacitor
absence of a separate dc source, better transient
bank on stator side of IG. Instantaneous power control
performance and better inherent overfoad protection
is used to control the inverter current references. It is
These advantages justify the use of IG for stand-alone
based on control of instantaneous real and imaginary
applications. Despite all these advantage, the power into the machine. It is motivated by the fact that
fimdamental problem with the 'Self-excited Induction
real power controls the capacitor voltage and the
Generator (SEIG) is inability to control the frequency imaginary power controls the flux of the IG. This
and i t s terminal voltage under varying load and speed control the reactive power required by the IG as we11 as
conditions. SElG requires external reactive power load. TPC excitation techniques allow a better frequency
compensation to maintain the excitation. In a
control and better voltage regulation than capacitive
conventional SEIG with 3 Phase capacitor bank self-excitation technique under varying speed and load
connected across the machine terminals has been conditions
recognized for many years. The utility of this mode of
operation is limited because it does not provide a
constant voltage and frequency regulation under 11, INSTANTANEOUS POWER CONTROL
variable loads and variable speed operation. Another ALGORITHAM
problem of this technique i s that the machine can only The proposed control strategy is based on the
achieve and maintain excitation under certain speed and instantaneous power control of the IG. Therefore, some
load conditions. To overcome the poor voltage definitions, that will be used later, are outlined in the
regulation of the SEIG, a number of schemes have been present section. The complex power expression for a
proposed in [1]-[4]. The scheme based on switched machine in space vector notation can be written as:
capacitors [11 finds limited application because it
regulates the terminal voltage in discrete steps. s = iv* (1)
To improve the IG operation, various control It can be written in two phase stationary frame as:
strategies using PWM control of the 1G have been
proposed in [S, 6 andlo], but all of them have some
limitations. Some of these proposals use current
controlled voltage source inverter with capacitor bank
on the stator terminals 151 and field oriented controlled where:
inverter [6] to control the terminal voltage of the IG
under variable speed and load. Field oriented technique
requires costly and unreliable mechanical position
111. MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF 3-4
(3) SELF EXCITED INDUCTION GENERATOR
k]=-[; -"p
V,][J
P
(7)
Therefore:
* =- P
1, (9) L, = Llr + L ,
I4
a =-4
lp
IVI
u.4 /
*U 2 4 6 8 10 I2
l'ims IF1