A lesson plan is an outline of work or activities that the teacher does together with his students during a period

(Begum 2004). It serves as a framework or guidelines that direct the teacher on what to do inside the classroom and how to effectively teach the students in an orderly manner. Teachers make lesson plans to have guidelines and improve teaching efficiency (Litzinger, 2002). The style of preparing a lesson plan and the indepth of a lesson plan depend on the experience and familiarity of the teacher on the subject and on the objectives he wants to achieve. Some have the conception that only inexperienced teachers prepare lesson plan but in reality, even those well-experienced teachers need lesson plan to be able to incorporate new teaching strategies and activities in the classroom. For example, the focus of English Education has changed from teaching mostly grammar to the development of skills in reading, writing, listening and speaking. Therefore, even an experienced English Education teacher needs a lesson plan or guidelines for the effective teaching of Communicative English in the classroom (Begum, 2004). Moreover, lesson planning is important to ensure that important details have not been overlooked and because lesson plan provides a disciplined and structured way to think about the art of teaching (Parks, 1994). Planning also gives the teacher a chance to predict the possible problems in the class and think about ways to deal with them, making a teacher feel more confident in the classroom (Robertson, 2000).

A Straight Arrow ESA Lesson Plan

Subject: Grammar - Present Perfect Simple Tense Objectives: For the students to be able to understand the use of present perfect simple tense, to construct a grammatically correct sentence using present perfect simple tense and to appropriately use it in describing experiences and past events. Personal Aims: To improve the teachers effectiveness in teaching using pictures Context: Biography- describing past own experiences Expected Number of Students: 12 Teaching Aids: pictures of different famous places e.g. Great Wall of China, Eiffel Tower, etc; different activities such as bungee jumping, Skiing; and pictures of exotic foods e.g. snake, frogs, alligator Anticipated Problems for Students: Proper construction of sentence in describing their experiences Solutions: The teacher will give first his past experiences, giving emphasis on how he constructed his sentence. Anticipated Problems for Teacher: Getting students think of their past experiences right away. Solution: showing pictures that may help in recalling their past experiences Procedure:

Engage: presenting of pictures of different places and asking the students if they have even been in that place. If not ask them what place they have been, what activities they have done or what particular food they have eaten that have not eaten by most people. Study: As they answer the questions on what places they have been or what exotic food they have eaten, the teacher will write the answers on the board to show how to construct the sentence in describing actions that happened in the past, highlighting the use of ever and never which are usually use in present perfect simple sentences. Activate: The students are grouped into three; each group is assigned to make a story out of the past experiences of each of them. After the story was composed, a representative of each group will read it in front of the class.

A Patchwork ESA Lesson Plan Subject: Grammar Use of Might and May Objectives: For the students to be able to understand the use of might and may as expression of possibility and to improve their logical reasoning. Personal Aims: To improve the teachers effectiveness in teaching using pictures

Context: presentation of students plans for their future (e.g. I might take up medicine course if I would pass the entrance exam.) Expected Number of Students: 12 Teaching Aids: board and pens, pictures of different situations Anticipated Problems for Students: Proper construction of sentence in describing predicting possibilities Solutions: The teacher will give first an example, giving emphasis on how he constructed his sentence. Anticipated Problems for Teacher: Getting students think of their future plans and how possible the plans will happen Solution: allowing the students realize what they want to become someday and the things that must be done first before the actuation of the plan Procedure: Engage: Asking the students what they want to be in the near future, or what they might be doing five years from now. Study: As they answer the questions about students plans or dreams, the teacher will write the answer on the board highlighting the common words the students often mentioned.

Engage: show the students some pictures of different situations like a woman swimming in the beach, children playing in the rain, a dark cloudy sky, etc. ask them what might happen or what might be next situation after the picture. The students are also asked what they will do on the coming weekends, or the coming days and the things that may prevent them in doing the things they planned to do. Activate: The students are grouped into three; each group is given different pictures or situations. They will predict of what they think will happen next after a given situation and explain in the class why do they think that will happen. There will be a little debate between each group for the other group might contrast the prediction of another group. References: Begum, Taslima (2004), Good Lesson Planning Ensure Good Education The New Nation, Bangladeshs Independent New Source, July Litzinger (2002) A Guide to Preparing a Lesson Plan Online date retrieved: April 24, 2006 <http://www.personal.psu.edu/staff/m/9/m9l/kines105/Word_HTML_documents/ Preparing_a_Lesson_Plan.htm> Parks, Michael (1994) The Art Teachers Desktop Reference, Prentice Hall

Robertson, Callum (2000) Action Plan for Teachers, British Broadcasting

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