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Dynamic equation
For a single degree of freedom system:
c( x, x) x k ( x ) x feit mx
Equation of energy balance
mx c ( x, x) x 2 k ( x) xx feit x x P D U T
Dissipated Power
(b)
(c)
0.1
Kinetic energy
1.5
Potential energy
2 -1 1
1.5
0.5
0.5
0
-0.4 -2 2 -1 0 0 1 2 -2 -1 1
-2
0 -2 -1 0 0 1 -2 -1 2 1
0 1 2 -2 -1
x'
x'
x'
Aims
Reveal energy generation, transmission and dissipating mechanisms in nonlinear dynamic systems. Develop an effective PFA method for nonlinear vibrating systems . Apply PFA to vibration analysis and control of marine appliances, such as comfortable seat and energy harvesting device design.
Fig.3 power flow behaviours of unforced van der Pol oscillator: (a) Dissipated power ; (b) Kinetic energy; (c) Potential energy
0.5
0.04
input energy
x'
0.02
( x 2 1) x x cost x
Duffing oscillator -Nonlinear stiffness
-0.5
-0.02
(1)
-1
1.5
x x x cost x
3
6
1000 800 600
-1.5 -1.5
-1
-0.5
0.5
1.5
(2)
x'
Discussion
For unforced van der Pol oscillator, the plot of energy and power flow forms a closed orbit in extended 3-d phase space. For unforced van der Pol oscillator, the dissipated power is negative on some points, which is different from linear system. The power flow characteristics of forced oscillation of van der Pol oscillator are complicated and need further investigation.
-5 0 x 5 10
Damping force
400
Restoring force
0 2
200 0
-2
-4
-6 -2
x
2 -2
-1
Future work
To study the power flow characteristics when the system presents nonlinear behaviours (e.g. bifurcation). To develop and simplify the power flow formulation for nonlinear systems.
x'