TOPIC 9 & 10 Paper 1

Formulae You may find the following formulae useful. average velocity = displaceme nt time
v= s t

accelerati on =

change in velocit y time

a=

(v u ) t

force = mass acceleration momentum = mass velocity change in potential energy = mass gravitational field strength change in height

F=ma p=mv PE = m g h KE = m v2 E=VIt

P= W t

kinetic energy = mass (velocity)2 electrical energy = voltage current time

power = work done time taken

work done = force distance moved in the direction of the force

W=Fs

_______________________________________________________________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE _______________________________________________________________________________________ Safety first Jo is researching road safety. 17. A B C D 18. A B C D She reads a web page about a driver who had an accident as he was driving to start a new job. Which of these is most likely to have increased the risk of an accident? The car had air bags The car had crumple zones The driver did not know the road The road was dry Jo looks at ways to reduce the stopping distance for a car. Which of these could help to reduce stopping distance? Reducing the braking force Increasing the cars speed Increasing friction between the tyres and the road Increasing the drivers reaction time

Catapult investigation Use this information to answer questions 19 and 20. Jamie shoots a stone from a catapult. 19. A B C D 20. A B C D The catapult exerts an average force of 30 N whilst the stone moves a distance of 0.3 m. The work done by the catapult is 9W 9J 900 W 900 J The work done by the catapult is equal to the energy transferred to the stone the increase in power of the stone the speed transferred to the stone the increase in acceleration of the stone

Falling Jane makes a model to investigate the vertical fall involved in a fairground ride. Marbles are timed as they fall through the oil in a glass tube. falling marble directions of forces on marble

oil rubber bands glass tube

21.

The diagram shows the directions of the forces on a falling marble. Jane and Asif are discussing what happens just after the marble is released. The forces on the marble are unbalanced. Who is correct? Jane only Asif only Both Asif and Jane Neither Jane Asif The marble accelerates because resistance is bigger than gravity.

A B C D

22.

Eventually the marble reaches a constant speed. Which row of the table describes the forces on it and its velocity? the forces are balanced unbalanced unbalanced balanced the velocity is changing changing constant constant

A B C D 23.

A B C D

Jane times three identical marbles falling between the two rubber bands. The values she gets are 5.5 s, 5.7 s and 6.5 s. She has no time to take more readings. The value she should use in her investigation is 5.6 s 5.7 s 5.9 s 6.5 s Physics of fun

24.

People take a risk when they have a go on this vertical fall ride at a theme park.

Which row of the table shows the conditions for people to be most willing to take this risk? A B C D How much choice do the people have? a little a little a lot a lot Have the people seen the ride before? yes no no yes

Andy and Hannah visited a theme park. They were studying some of the rides for a science project. 25. A B C D Andy and Hannah found that the roller coaster car took a time of 2 s to travel 40 m. The average speed of the roller coaster was 0.05 m/s 20 m/s 42 m/s 80 m/s

Use this information to answer questions 26, 27 and 28. Andy and Hannah produced a velocity-time graph for the start of the roller coaster ride.
25 velocity (m/s) 20 15 10 5P 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 time (s) 18 20

R Q

26. A B C D 27. A B C D 28. A B C D

What is the acceleration of the roller coaster car during the first two seconds? 0.4 m/s2 2.5 m/s2 5 m/s2 10 m/s2

Which sections of the graph show times when the resultant force on the roller coaster car is zero? All four sections P and R Q and S None of them The momentum of the roller coaster car after 6 seconds is 9000 kg m/s. The momentum of the car after 18 seconds is 3 000 kg m/s 27 000 kg m/s 45 000 kg m/s 162 000 kg m/s

Use this information to answer questions 29 and 30. A neutron is moving vertically upwards in a vacuum at 3.1 m/s. A neutron has a mass of 1.67 1027 kg. 29. A B C D 30. A B C D The momentum of the neutron at this speed is about 5.2 1027 kg m 5.2 1027 kg m/s 5.2 1027 J/s 5.2 1027 kg m/s The neutron will move upwards until its kinetic energy becomes zero its kinetic energy becomes equal to its gravitational potential energy its gravitational potential energy becomes a minimum its gravitational potential energy becomes zero

The roller coaster The diagram shows the track of a roller coaster at a fair. P

H Q R

Start

Assume that: the roller coaster has a single-car with no engine it runs on a frictionless track it has a mass of 800 kg the acceleration due to gravity is 10 m/s2 or gravitational field strength is 10 N/kg An electric motor pulls the car to the top of the first hill. Then no more energy is added to it. The electric motor is connected to the 240 V mains and takes 30 s to raise the car. The car has 480 000 J of gravitational potential energy at the top of the first hill. 31. A B C D 32. A B C D 33. A B C D 34. A B C D 35. What is the height, H, of the first hill? 6m 60 m 600 m 6000 m How much kinetic energy will the car have at point Q? 300 J 600 J 240 000 J 480 000 J Assuming no energy is wasted, what is the current in the motor while raising the car? 33 A 67 A 60 000 A 3 840 000 A At one part of the ride, the speed of the car changes from 2 m/s to 6 m/s in 0.5 s. What is its acceleration? 1.5 m/s2 6.0 m/s2 8.0 m/s2 24 m/s2 As John rides the roller-coaster, at one point he exerts a force of 800 N on the seat. John is pushed into the seat in this direction . Which row of the table shows the size and direction of the force the seat exerts on John? size of force on John (N) direction of force on John 800 800 810 810 5

A B C D

36.

The car is moving at P. Which graph best shows the speed of the car in the section from P to R?

speed

speed

position A

position B

speed

speed

position C

position D

Sports Science Adam and Sally are investigating sports science for a school project. Use this information to answer questions 37 and 38. First they looked at diving in the local swimming pool. high dive platform 10 m springboard

3m

37. A B C D 38. A B C D

A diver is just entering the water, after diving off the high dive platform. At this point the divers gain in kinetic energy is almost zero cannot be worked out is almost equal to the gain in gravitational potential energy as he falls is almost equal to the loss in gravitational potential energy as he falls A diver climbs from the springboard up to the high dive platform. During this climb he gains 5600 J of gravitational potential energy. The mass of the diver is about 43.1 kg 56.0 kg 80.0 kg 187 kg

39.

Adam and Sally study a cyclist riding at a constant speed around a circular track. They discuss the forces on the cyclist with some friends. There are no resultant forces on the cyclist because he is moving at a constant speed. Sally There must be a resultant force on the cyclist towards the centre of the track.

Adam

There are no forces on the cyclist because he is moving with a constant velocity.

Terry

Val

There must be a resultant force on the cyclist away from the centre of the track.

Who is correct? A Adam B Sally C Terry D Val _______________________________________________________________________________________ STRUCTURED QUESTIONS _______________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Bruno enjoys roller-coaster rides such as the one shown in the photograph. The advertisement for this ride calls it the scariest ride in the park. Some of his friends think it is too risky. (a) Suggest why Bruno still takes the risk.

[1 mark] (b) The diagram below shows the forces acting on a roller-coaster car at the top (T) and the bottom (B) of a loop. There is no motor driving the car round this loop. Assume there are no frictional forces acting on this part of the ride. T FT Weight FB

State the direction of the acceleration of the car in each of these two positions. at T at B [1 mark]

B Weight [Total for Q1 = 2 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________

2.

(a)

Fawzia is investigating acceleration. She uses the apparatus shown.

She starts her trolley from rest and uses a data logger to measure the acceleration. Fawzia finds that the acceleration is 7.92 m/s2. (i) Calculate the accelerating force on the trolley.

(ii)

Force = (7.4 N) What is the direction of the frictional forces acting on the trolley?

[1 mark] (iii) State two places in the system where the friction occurs as the trolley moves. 1. 2. [2 marks] (b) (i) Calculate the change in potential energy of the mass as it falls to the floor. You may take the gravitational field strength as 10 N/kg.

(ii)

GPE = (30 J) [2 marks] Without frictional forces, state the kinetic energy gained by the trolley and mass. KE = J [1 marks]

(iii)

Calculate the velocity of the trolley just as the mass hits the ground.

Velocity = (3.2 m/s) [2 marks] [Total for Q2 = 10 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________

3.

The diagram shows a parachutist falling through air.

(a) (b) Two forces act on the parachutist as she falls, one vertically upwards and one vertically down. Add to the diagram the names of these two forces. [2 marks] Which force stays the same as the parachutist falls?

[1 mark] (c) As the parachutist falls she reaches terminal velocity. (i) What is the resultant force acting on the parachutist at terminal velocity? [1 mark] (ii) A lighter woman uses the same type of parachute. Describe and explain the effect on her terminal velocity. [2 marks] [Total for Q3 = 6 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________

4.

The diagram shows a lorry carrying a crate. It is moving at a steady speed of 15 m/s. The mass of the crate is 200 kg. crate

direction of travel

(a)

State the value of the resultant force acting on the lorry. Explain your answer.

[2 marks] (b) Calculate the momentum of the crate.

(c)

Momentum = (3000 kg m/s) [2 marks] When the lorry stops suddenly, the crate continues to move forwards. Explain why.

[2 marks] (d) (i) Give one example of why it is unsafe to place the crate on the lorry as shown in the diagram. [1 mark] (ii) Suggest how the driver might be better protected. [1 mark] [Total for Q4 = 8 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________

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5.

Paul and his family are visiting London and have a ride on the London Eye.

A Each egg-shaped capsule is attached to the outside of the rim of the giant wheel and follows a circular path as the wheel rotates. (a) Paul and his family ride in capsule A. Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of the force that keeps capsule A moving in the circle. [1 mark] (b) How is the force you have shown on the diagram produced by the cables that attach the rim to the centre of the wheel? [1 mark] (c) Paul thinks the force in a cable at the top of the wheel is smaller than the force in a cable at the bottom. Explain why Paul is right. [2 marks] (d) The wheel is driven by 16 rubber tyres. Each tyre produces a 12.5 kN force on the wheel. Each tyre moves the wheel through 750 m for one (complete) rotation of the wheel. Calculate the work done on the wheel in one rotation. Give its unit. Work done = (9 375 000) [3 marks] The wheel takes 30 minutes to complete one rotation. Calculate the minimum power needed by the motors to drive the wheel.

(e)

Power = (5208 W) [2 marks] [Total for Q5 = 9 marks] _______________________________________________________________________________________

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