EASTWOOD COLLEGE Class : Grade 12 LS Teacher: Salam Noureddeen Physics Test Time :120mn

First Exercise (7 points)

Experimental Study of an Elastic Pendulum

An air puck, of mass m = 45g, is connected to one extremity of an elastic spring of stiffness K and of negligible mass, and placed on a horizontal air table. The other extremity of the spring is fixed. We thus have a horizontal elastic pendulum (figure1). The position of the center of inertia G of the puck located by Its elongation x = OG, measured from its equilibrium position. (At equilibrium x= 0, the spring is neither compressed nor elongated). A computer data acquisition system permits to draw the graph of the variations of the elongation x of G as a function of time. The puck is displaced from its equilibrium position and then released. We perform two experiments of the same spring and same puck. The computer data acquisition system displays x1=f1(t) and x2=f2(t) of the elongation of G as a function of time in the two experiments in figures 2 and 3 respectively.

Figure 4 is obtained after the treatment of the experimental data in the first experiment. It represents the variations of a form of energy as a function of time. A- Expression of period 1- We propose the expressions of the period of oscillations: i) T 2
K m

ii) T 2 K

iii)

T 2

xm g

Where K is expressed in kg/s2 (or N/m); Xm is the amplitude of oscillations; g is the gravitational acceleration in mls2. a) Indicate the expression of T that is not compatible with the unit of time. Justify your answer. b) Refer to figures2 and 3; deduce, without any ca1culation the correct expression of T . 2. Determine, using the figures the stiffness K of the spring. B- Energetic Study 1. Does the curve E = g1( t ) of figure 4 represent the variations of the elastic Potential energy, mechanical energy, or kinetic energy? Justify your answer. 2. Write the expression of this energy as a function of the given data of the problem.

3. Maximum value of this energy a) What is the maximum value of this energy? b) Is this experimental value of energy compatible with the value calculated from the characteristics of the oscillator through experiment 1? Justify. 4. We suppose that the mechanical energy is constant during the course of motion. a) Justify, from your observation on the results of the experiments, that our supposition is reasonable. b) Deduce the maximum speed attained by the puck during the first experiment c- Comparing Study of the Two Experiments The times t1 (fig.2) and t2 (fig.3) are the instants when the elongation x of G is equal to 10mm. complete the table below using the model indicated in the first line of this table. In the column (comparison) use the following signs; (> , < and =)

Experiment no.1 at t1 Potential energy of the system (puck, spring) Mechanical energy of the system (puck, spring) Kinetic energy of the system (puck, spring) Speed of the Puck

Comparison

Experiment no.2 at t2

Justification The potential energy depends only on the elongation x and at t1 and t2 x is the same so Ep1= Ep2

Ep1

Ep2

Em1

Em2

Ek1

Ek2

v1

v2

Second Exercise(6pts)

Study of an RLC series circuit

An electric, series circuit consists of : a L.F.G. delivering an alternating sinusoidal voltage u= Um sint. An ohmic conductor, of resistance R = 45. A coil of inductance L = 0.32 H, and of resistance r. A capacitor of capacitance C = 20F. Take : = 1/0.32, and 2 = 1.4 An oscilloscope, allows us to visualize the voltage u = uAM across the L.F.G, on the channel A and the voltage uR=uDM across R on channel B. Draw again the figure 1 of the circuit, showing on it the connections of the oscilloscope. 1) The waveforms displayed are represented in the figure 2 with following sensitivities: On channel A, Sv = 1 v/div. On channel B, Sv = 0.5 v/div. u uR Time base = 5 ms/div. a) Determine Um, Im, and the frequency f of the voltage U. b) Calculate the phase difference between u and uR. c) Does uR lags behind or leads u. Justify. d) Calculate the average power consumed in the circuit. Deduce that the value of the resistance of the coil is r= 15. e) Determine the expressions of uR and i, as function of time. f) Knowing that the voltage uAD is given by: uAD = Um' Figure 2 Sin(t+') Calculate, by using the addition low of voltage, the values of constants Um' and ' g) Verify that the differential equation of the charge qA = q, of the capacitor is of the form. q''+Aq' +Bq = D sint, where A, B, and D are constants to be determined. 2) We increase now progressively the frequency of the voltage u, from the value f to a value f 0, so that, a current resonance phenomenon is observed (Um remains constant).

a) Mention 2 experimental observations, justifying the existence of the above phenomenon. Calculate f0. b) Calculate the value of the maximum intensity Im when f=f0 and write down the expression of the instantaneous intensity of the current i. Third Exercise: In order to study the radioactivity of polonium 210 Po which is an emitter, we take a sample of 84 polonium 210 containing No nuclei at the instant to = 0. A- Determination of the half-life (period) We measure, at successive instants, the number N of the remaining nuclei. We calculate the ratio N/No and the result is tabulated as in the following table: t (in days) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 N/No 1 0.78 0.61 0.47 0.37 0.29 0.22 -ln (N/N0) 0 0.25 1.24 1- Draw again the above table and complete it by calculating at each instant -ln(N/No). 2- Trace the curve representing the variation of f(t) = -ln(N/No), as a function of time, using the scale: 1 cm on the abscissa represents 25 days; 1 cm on the ordinate represents 0.1. 3- a- Knowing that In(N/No) = -t, determine graphically the value of the radioactive constant of polonium 210. b- Deduce the half-life of polonium 210.

B- Activity of polonium 210

1- Define the activity of a radioactive sample. 2- Give the expression of the activity Ao of the sample at the instant to = 0, in terms of and No. Calculate its value for No = 5 x 1018. 3- Give the expression, in terms of t, of the activity A of the sample. 4- Calculate the activity A: a- at the instant t = 90 days. b- When t increases indefinitely.

C- Energy liberated by the disintegration of polonium 210

1- The disintegration of a nucleus of polonium produces a daughter nucleus, which is an isotope of lead ZA Pb . Determine A and z. 2- Calculate, in MeV, the energy liberated by the disintegration of one nucleus of polonium 210. 3- The disintegration of a polonium nucleus may take place with or without the emission of a photon. The energy of an emitted photon is 2.20 MeV. Knowing that the daughter nucleus has a negligible velocity, determine in each case the kinetic energy of the emitted a particle. 4- The sample is put in an aluminium container. Thus, the a particles are stopped by the container whereas the photons are not. Knowing that half of the disintegrations are accompanied by a " emission, determine the power transferred to the aluminium container at the instant t = 90 days. Numerical data: Mass of a polonium 210 nucleus: 209.9828 u Mass of lead (Pb) nucleus: 205.9745 u Mass of an particle: 4.0015 u 1 u = 1.66 x 10-27 kg = 931.5 MeV/c2.