T 01WFCM08

The expiration date of this document has been extended until 6/30/12.
TECHNICAL BULLETIN
COMPANION FOR THE 2001 AF&PA WooD-fRaMe ConsTRUCTIon ManUal FOR WIND DESIGN
Page 1 of 24
This document is designed to be used in conjunction with the 2001 edition of the Wood Frame Construction Manual (WFCM). The 2001 WFCM is referenced in the 2003 & 2006 International Residential Codes in section R301.1.1 as an alternative design standard and section R301.2.1.1 as one of the design standard options that must be used in high wind regions (110 mph and greater in the 2003 and 2006 IRC, and 100 mph and greater in hurricane-prone regions in the 2006 IRC). Dead, Live, Snow and Seismic loads have not been included in this document. These loads must be evaluated by the building designer. This document provides design wind loads for several connections as well as the Simpson Strong-Tie products to resist these forces. Additional wind loads and load resisting elements are addressed in the WFCM and must be evaluated to ensure a wind resistant structure. The design wind loads provided here are based on tabulated loads found in the WFCM and are presented in a format that allows for a direct comparison to the allowable loads of Simpson Strong-Tie connectors. The design wind load tables have been condensed or expanded to show more common sizes and spacing of framing members. More economical designs may be possible by computing design loads based on actual building geometry. Interpolation between values tabulated in this document is permitted. The specification of connectors as well as other framing members should only be done by a qualified design professional. This document should be used in conjunction with competent engineering design and practice. The limitations and applicability requirements of Section 1.1.3 of the WFCM apply to this document. Additional limitations may apply as noted in this document. Refer to the current Wood Construction Connectors catalog for connector load values, installation, fastener schedules and other important information including Terms & Conditions of Sale, and Building Code Evaluation listings.
Table of ConTenTs
Uplift Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Uplift Connections . . . . . . . . 47 Lateral Loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Lateral Connections . . . . . . . . . 9 Shear Loads . . . . . . . . . . . 1011 Shearwall Design . . . . . . . 1215 Shear Design Example . . . 1617 Special Connections . . . . . . . . 18 Foundation Anchorage . . . . . . 19 Wind Design Worksheets . 2023
Example:
Examples will be presented throughout this document to aid in the selection of the proper connector. All examples will be based on the following sample building criteria: 2-Story Home 120 mph, Exposure B Roof Span (W) = 36' Mean Roof Height = 33' 2' Rafter Overhang 24" O.C. Roof Framing 6:12 Pitch Gable Roof DF Framing Species Sidewall Length (L) = 50' 9' Story Height 2' Rake Overhang 16" O.C. Stud Spacing
WIN PERPEND D ICU TO RIDGELAR

EL ARALL WIND P IDGE TO R
MRH
E N D WA
LL
SIDEWAL
L
MRH = Mean Roof Height, Distance from average grade to average roof elevation. L = Length of building parallel to ridge. W = Width of building perpendicular to ridge, a.k.a. Roof Span.
This document is organized into 3 sections that correspond to the wind forces included in the WFCM Uplift Lateral Shear
Walls parallel to the direction of the wind must be designed to resist shear. Wall sheathing must be designed to prevent the wall framing from racking. Uplift loads act on the roof which must be tied down to the foundation through wall and floor framing by means of a Continuous Load Path Wall and roof framing members are loaded in the direction of the wind and must be connected to supporting elements Walls must be connected at the bottom to prevent sliding. Shearwalls must be held down at the ends to prevent overturning
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2008 Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. Printed in the U.S.A.
T-01WFCM08 9/08 exp. 1/11
TECHNICAL BULLETIN
UPLIFT LOADS, EXPOSURE b

Page 2 of 24
As wind flows over a roof it creates a negative pressure on the roof surface acting to pull the roof system upwards. Wind also flows underneath overhangs and rakes, again acting to lift up on the roof system. The roof must be connected to the structure below to prevent it from lifting up off the walls. The connection must continue down the structure until the weight of the building elements that are connected together can resist the uplift forces acting on the roof. Often, this connection must continue to the foundation. The load tables on pages 2 and 3 provide the uplift forces that must be resisted by connections in the roof and wall framing. These values are based on WFCM Table 2.2A and have been adjusted for typical on-center spacing of framing members. The uplift forces have been reduced by the weight of the building materials above the connection.
Based on the
Pages 4 through 7 provide allowable load carrying capacities for fasteners and connectors that are designed to resist these uplift forces. Several connectors and installation details are shown in this document and many more are available in the Simpson Strong-Tie Wood Construction Connectors and High Wind-Resistant Construction catalogs.
Table 2.1 or 3.1 for uplift loads in this region
Table 2.1 or 3.1 for uplift loads in this region
Table 2.2A
Table 2.1: Roof-to-Wall Uplift and Uplift in Top-Story Wall Framing (lbs)
Member Roof Spacing Span (ft) 12 24 12" O.C. 36 48 60 12 24 16" O.C. 36 48 60 12 24 24" O.C. 36 48 60 90 62 93 126 159 192 83 124 168 212 256 124 186 252 318 384 Basic Wind Speed (mph) 100 110 120 93 127 165 145 202 264 198 277 364 251 353 464 304 429 565 124 169 220 193 269 352 264 369 485 335 471 619 405 572 753 186 254 330 290 404 528 396 554 728 502 706 928 608 858 1,130 130 207 332 459 586 713 276 443 612 781 951 414 664 918 1,172 1,426
Table 2.2 or 3.2
2-Story Structure Table 2.2: Top Story Wall to Foundation Uplift or Top Story Wall to Lower Story Wall Uplift and Uplift in 1st Story Wall Framing in a 2-Story Structure (lbs)
Member Roof Spacing Span (ft) 12 24 12" O.C. 36 48 60 12 24 36 16" O.C. 48 60 12 24 24" O.C. 36 48 60 90 2 33 66 99 132 3 44 88 132 176 4 66 132 198 264 Basic Wind Speed (mph) 100 110 120 33 67 105 85 142 204 138 217 304 191 293 404 244 369 505 44 89 140 113 189 272 184 289 405 255 391 539 325 492 673 66 134 210 170 284 408 276 434 608 382 586 808 488 738 1,010 130 147 272 399 526 653 196 363 532 701 871 294 544 798 1,052 1,306
Single-Story Structure
Table 2.3: 1st Story Wall Framing to Foundation Uplift in a 2-Story Structure (lbs)
Member Roof Spacing Span (ft) 90 12 24 12" O.C. 36 6 48 39 60 72 12 24 36 8 16" O.C. 48 52 60 96 12 24 24" O.C. 36 12 48 78 60 144 Basic Wind Speed (mph) 100 110 120 7 45 25 82 144 78 157 244 131 233 344 184 309 445 9 60 33 109 192 104 209 325 175 311 459 245 412 593 14 90 50 164 288 156 314 488 262 466 688 368 618 890 130 87 212 339 466 593 116 283 452 621 791 174 424 678 932 1,186
1. Tabulated uplift based on 15 psf or greater roof/ceiling assembly dead load (Uplift=wind uplift-0.6x15), and a maximum roof overhang of 2 feet. 2. For jack rafter uplift loads, use a roof span equal to twice the jack rafter length. The jack rafter length includes the overhang and the jack span. 3. Tabulated loads based on framing located near corners. See WFCM for load reductions for framing away from corners.
2008 Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. T-01WFCM08 9/08
Table 2.3 or 3.3
Table 2.2 or 3.2
TECHNICAL BULLETIN
UPLIFT LOADS, EXPOSURE C

Page 3 of 24 Table 3.1: Roof-to-Wall Uplift and Uplift in Top-Story Wall Framing (lbs)
Member Roof Spacing Span (ft) 12 24 12" O.C. 36 48 60 12 24 16" O.C. 36 48 60 12 24 24" O.C. 36 48 60 90 114 178 245 312 379 152 238 327 416 506 229 357 491 625 758 Basic Wind Speed (mph) 100 110 120 157 205 257 251 330 416 345 455 576 440 582 736 535 709 898 210 273 343 334 440 555 461 607 768 587 776 982 713 945 1,197 315 409 515 501 660 832 691 910 1,152 880 1,164 1,472 1,070 1,417 1,795 130 316 511 708 906 1,103 421 681 944 1,208 1,471 632 1,021 1,416 1,812 2,207
Wind exposure categories are based on the type and size of surrounding terrain. The WFCM assumes residential structures are exposure B unless they are located within 1500 feet of a flat open expanse such as open country grasslands, or water, in which case they may be considered exposure C. Some residential structures located near large bodies of water may be considered exposure D. Consult your local building department for information regarding the geographic and climatic design guidelines for a specific location.
Based on the
Table 2.2A
Table 3.3: 1st Story Wall Framing to Foundation Uplift in a 2-Story Structure (lbs)
Member Roof Spacing Span (ft) 12 24 12" O.C. 36 48 60 12 24 16" O.C. 36 48 60 12 24 24" O.C. 36 48 60 90 58 125 192 259 78 167 256 346 117 251 385 518 Basic Wind Speed (mph) 100 110 120 37 85 137 131 210 296 225 335 456 320 462 616 415 589 778 50 113 183 174 280 395 301 447 608 427 616 822 553 785 1,037 75 169 275 261 420 592 451 670 912 640 924 1,232 830 1,177 1,555 130 196 391 588 786 983 261 521 784 1,048 1,311 392 781 1,176 1,572 1,967
Table 3.2: Top Story Wall to Foundation Uplift or Top Story Wall to Lower Story Wall Uplift and Uplift in 1st Story Wall Framing in a 2-Story Structure (lbs)
Member Roof Spacing Span (ft) 12 24 12" O.C. 36 48 60 12 24 16" O.C. 36 48 60 12 24 24" O.C. 36 48 60 90 54 118 185 252 319 72 158 247 336 426 109 237 371 505 638 Basic Wind Speed (mph) 100 110 120 97 145 197 191 270 356 285 395 516 380 522 676 475 649 838 130 193 263 254 360 475 381 527 688 507 696 902 633 865 1,117 195 289 395 381 540 712 571 790 1,032 760 1,044 1,352 950 1,297 1,675 130 256 451 648 846 1,043 341 601 864 1,128 1,391 512 901 1,296 1,692 2,087
1. Tabulated uplift based on 15 psf or greater roof/ceiling assembly dead load(Uplift=wind uplift-0.6x15), and a maximum roof overhang of 2 feet. 2. For jack rafter uplift loads, use a roof span equal to twice the jack rafter length. The jack rafter length includes the overhang and the jack span. 3. Tabulated loads based on framing located near corners. See WFCM for load reductions for framing away from corners.
UPLIFT LOADS: RAKE OVERHANG

Required Blocking Outlooker, 2 x 4 minimum Rake Overhang (not to exceed L/2 or 24") Gable End Wall Outlooker Uplift Connection Rafter or Truss L
Based on the
Table 2.2C
Table 3.4: Outlooker Uplift Connections (lbs)

Outlooker Rake Spacing Overhang (in) 12 16" O.C. 24 12 24" O.C. 24 90 157 279 235 418 Basic Wind Speed (mph) 100 110 120 194 235 279 344 417 496 291 352 419 517 625 744 130 327 582 491 873
Rake overhang failures are common in high wind events. Many of these failures lead to increased damage of the structure and its contents by allowing wind and rain to enter the building. Proper construction of this historically weak connection is critical in maintaining the building envelope. The WFCM requires rake overhangs greater than 12" to have outlooker framing connected to the gable end wall in accordance with WFCM Table 2.2C.
1. Tabulated values are for Exposure B. Multiply tabulated values by 1.39 for Exposure C.
TECHNICAL BULLETIN
UPLIFT CONNECTORS: ROOF-TO-WALL

Page 4 of 24
Connecting the roof system to the top story wall system is the first in a series of connections that provides a continuous load path from the roof to the foundation. Connecting these two systems may require two separate connections: 1) the rafter/truss to the wall top plates and 2) the wall top plates to the studs. These connectors should be selected so that the allowable load shown on this page exceeds the uplift load given in Tables 2.1 or 3.1. To prevent the top plates from rolling off of the studs, the rafter/ truss-to-plate connection and the plate-to-stud connection must be on the same side of the wall.
Table 4.1: Rafter/Truss to Wall Connectors
Model No. H2.5T H2.5A H2A H8 (2) H2.5A H10 H10A3 MTS12 H10S2 H143 Rafter/Truss 5-8dx1 5-8dx1 5-8dx1 5-10dx1 10-8dx1 8-8dx1 9-10dx1 7-10dx1 8-8dx1 12-8dx1 Fasteners DBL Top Plates 5-8dx1 5-8dx1 2-8dx1 5-10dx1 10-8dx1 8-8dx1 9-10dx1 7-10dx1 8-8dx1 13-8d Stud 5-8dx1 8-8d
Example:
Based on the building criteria from page 1, the uplift from Table 2.1 at each end of the 24" O.C. rafter/truss is 728 lbs. Several connectors can be used including the H8 (745 lbs). The uplift from Table 2.1 at each 16" O.C. stud located in the top story is 485 lbs. In this example, the same connector that was used for the rafter/truss, H8, can also be used to connect the plates to each stud. Another option is to use a MTS12 on every 2nd stud since its capacity (1000 lbs) is greater than two times the 485 pound load on each stud.
DF/SP Allowable Loads Uplift Shear Lateral (160%) (160%) (160%) 425 135 145 480 110 110 575 130 55 745 75 960 220 220 990 585 275 1140 590 285 1000 1010 545 215 1350 515 265
SPF/HF Allowable Loads Uplift Shear Lateral (160%) (160%) (160%) 425 135 145 480 110 110 495 130 55 565 75 960 220 220 850 505 235 1015 505 285 860 870 470 185 1050 480 245
WFCM Table 3.4B Comparison 3 4 4 4 8 7 8 7 7 8
1. When using WFCM Table 3.4B, the number of nails in each end of a 20 gage strap that can be replaced by the connector is shown. 2. H10S can have the stud offset a maximum of 1" from rafter (center to center) for a reduced uplift of 890 lbs. (DF/SP), and 765 lbs. (SPF). 3. Southern Pine allowable uplift loads for H10A = 1340 lbs. and for H14 = 1465.
SSP (DSP Similar for Double Studs) H8 (H2.5T, H2.5A, MTS12 Similar) H10A (H10, H14 Similar) H10S
H2A
Table 4.2: Top Plate to Stud Connectors

Model No. SSP H8 H2.5A DSP2 MTS12 CS203 (2) H2.5A
1. 2. 3. 4.
Fasteners Double Top Plate 3-10d 5-10dx1 5-8d 6-10d 7-10dx1 10-8d Stud 4-10d 5-10dx1 5-8d 8-10d 7-10dx1 8-10dx1 10-8d
Allowable Uplift Loads (160%) DF/SP SPF/HF 435 435 745 565 600 535 825 825 1000 860 1030 1030 1200 1070
WFCM Table 3.4B Comparison 3 4 4 6 7 8 8
MTS12
H8
When using WFCM Table 3.4B, the number of nails in each end of a 20 gage strap that can be replaced by the connector is shown. DSP is for a double stud, all others are for a single stud. CS20 is field cut and formed over the plates. Nailing into the studs must be the same on each side of the stud. Plate to stud connectors must be on the same side of the wall as the rafter to plate connectors.
Min 1 " end distance to top of stud
CS20
(4) 10dx1 " nails each side of stud
TECHNICAL BULLETIN
UPLIFT CONNECTORS: WALL-TO-WALL, WALL-TO-FLOOR

Page 5 of 24
Wall-to-wall connections may be made directly between wall studs or they can be made by connecting the upper studs to the rim board in the floor system and then connecting the rim board to the studs below. The connections must resist the loads from Tables 2.2, 2.3, 3.2, or 3.3. When connecting stud to stud, the studs from both stories must line up. An exception is the FSC connector which allows the studs to be offset by as much as 6". When connecting studs to the rim board the connection should extend past the centerline of the rim board to prevent cross grain tension in the rim. Rim boards less than 1Z\x" thick may result in load reductions for some connectors It is acceptable to space stud connections every 2nd or 3rd stud (connections should not exceed 4' O.C.), however the connection needs to resist 2 or 3 times, respectively, the load from Tables 2.2/3.2 and 2.3/3.3 (see example). When skipping studs, it is important to make the same capacity connections at the top and bottom of the same stud. The uplift connection from the lowest wall to the foundation may be made directly with a FSC or other type of holdown. Alternatively, a series of connections may be made between multiple framing members: studs to the rim board or sill plate, rim board to the sill plate, and sill plate to the foundation (see page 19 for sill plate anchorage).
Example:
Based on the building criteria from page 1, the uplift from Table 2.2 that must be transferred from the 2nd story sidewalls to the 1st story sidewalls is 405 lbs per 16" O.C. stud or 810 lbs every 2nd stud (405 x 2) or 1215 lbs every 3rd stud (405 x 3). If the studs line up then: CS20 with 4-8d nails (610 lbs) can be used on every stud CS20 with 6-8d nails (910 lbs) can be used on every 2nd stud CS18 with 11-8d nails (1370 lbs) can be used on every 3rd stud FSC (1830) can be used on every 3rd stud If the studs do not line up then: MTS16 (1000 lbs) can be used on every 2nd stud FSC (1830) can be used on every 3rd stud (up to 6" stud offset) The uplift from Table 2.3 that must be transferred from the 1st story to the foundation is 325 lbs per 16" O.C. stud. An MTS16 can support the load of 3 studs however, if the connection above was spaced every 2nd stud then the MTS at the bottom of the stud should secure those same studs. The spacing of the rim to sill plate connector can be determined by dividing the allowable load (lbs) of the connector by the uplift load in Table 2.3 for 12" O.C. framing (lbs per foot). Choosing to use a DSPZ, the spacing needed is: (660 lbs) / (244 lbs per foot) = 2.7' O.C. or 32" O.C.
Table 5.1: Stud to Stud/Rim Connectors

Model No. CS20 CS20 CS20 CS18 CS16 MTS16 FSC 6 HDU2-SDS2.53, 6 HDU4-SDS2.53, 6 Fastener into Allowable Uplift (160%) WFCM each Stud Table 3.4B DF/SP SPF/HF or Rim Comparison 4-8d 590 515 4 6-8d 885 775 6 8-8d 1030 1030 8 11-8d 1370 1370 9 13-8d 1705 1705 12 7-10dx1 1000 860 7 15-10dx1 1830 1570 12 6-SDS 3075 2215 10-SDS 4565 3285
FSC MTS 2 HDU with threaded rod

FSC CS Strap MTS
Clear span Cut length
1. When using WFCM Table 3.4B, the number of nails in a 20 gauge strap that can be replaced by the connector is shown. 2. MTS12, MTS18, and MTS20 have the same installation and allowable load 3. HDU holdowns must fasten to a minimum double 2x stud designed to act as one unit and are supplied with the required SDS screws. 4. Minimum cut length (in.) of the CS strap in a wall to wall application is: (2.125) x (# of nails into each stud) + (Clear Span) + 5. 5. Straight straps may be installed over OSB/plywood sheathing (7/8" max) with no load reduction when using the nails specified in this table. 6. See page 13 for anchorage into the foundation.
CS-Strap
Table 5.2: Rim Board to Sill Connectors

Model No. DSPZ SSPZ Fasteners Rim Board Sill Plate 8-10dx1 2-10dx1 4-10dx1 1-10dx1 Allowable Uplift (160%) DF/SP 660 420 SPF/HF 545 325 WFCM Table 3.4B Comparison 4 2
1. When using WFCM Table 3.4B, the number of nails in a 20 gage strap that can be replaced by the connector is shown.
SSPZ
DSPZ
TECHNICAL BULLETIN
UPLIFT CONNECTORS: HEADERS

Page 6 of 24
Openings for windows and doors break the continuity of wall studs and must be properly detailed to maintain the continuous load path. The uplift load from above the window or door is transferred into the header through connections from the studs or other framing members above. Each end of the header must be secured to the jack studs to resist this high concentration of uplift. The uplift force is then transferred from the jack studs all of the way down to the foundation. Wall framing that does not receive uplift below the header does not need to have uplift tie downs. To determine the uplift force at each end of the header multiply the uplift for 12" O.C. framing found on pages 2 or 3 by 1/2 of the header length (ft). Use Table 2.1 (Table 3.1 for Exposure C) for a header in the top story or Table 2.2 (Table 3.2 for Exposure C) for a header in the first of a 2-story. Strap down the header to the jack stud(s) using a strap from page 5. Use multiple straps on multiple jack studs if necessary. Connect the bottoms of the jack studs to framing below. High uplifts may require a FSC or a holdown at the foundation (see page 5).
MTS16 SSP
Jack and king studs fastened together to transfer uplift forces
CS20
Example:
Based on the building criteria from page 1, determine the uplifts at each end of a 5' header on the 2nd story and a 10' header on the first story. The uplift from Table 2.1 for 12" O.C. spacing is 364 pounds per foot. (364)x(5/2) = 910 lbs at each end of the 5' header. From Table 5.1, one CS20 strap (1030 lbs) on each end of the header nailed with (8) 8d common nails into the header and jack stud is sufficient. The uplift from Table 2.2 for 12" O.C. spacing is 304 pounds per foot. (304)x(10/2) = 1520 lbs at each end of the 10' header. From Table 5.1, two CS20 straps (1770 lbs) on each end of the header nailed with (6) 8d common nails into the header and jack stud is sufficient.
FSC
TITEN HD Rod Coupler (see page 13)
SIMULTANEOUS LOADING
The 2001 WFCM tabulates wind loads on a dwelling resulting from two distinct wind directions: perpendicular to the ridge and parallel to the ridge (see figures in WFCM Tables 2.5-1 and 2.5-2). Both wind directions result in lateral loads acting on surfaces perpendicular to the wind direction and shear loads acting on walls parallel to the wind direction. Additionally, both wind directions may result in uplift loads acting on the roof and overhangs. Therefore, building materials and connections designed using the 2001 WFCM must be evaluated with uplift and lateral loads acting simultaneously and with uplift and shear loads acting simultaneously. The unity equations shown here may be used to evaluate our connectors to resist the simultaneous loads tabulated in this document. The unity equations do not apply when different building elements are used to resist each load type. For example, if at the roof to wall connection a hurricane tie is used to resist uplift, toe-nails are used to resist lateral loads, and a RBC is used to resist shear loads then the unity equations do not apply.
Unity Equations:
Eq. 1: (Design Uplift Load)/(Allowable Uplift) + (Design Lateral Load)/(Allowable Lateral) < 1.0 Eq. 2: (Design Uplift Load)/(Allowable Uplift) + (Design Shear Load)/(Allowable Shear) < 1.0
TECHNICAL BULLETIN
UPLIFT FASTENERS: ROOF SHEATHING

Page 7 of 24
A common failure in high wind events is the connection of the roof sheathing panels to the rafters/trusses. This connection relies on the strength of the sheathing fasteners in withdrawal. Although nails are not very strong in withdrawal, the deeper the nail penetrates into the wood roof framing, the higher the capacity. When installing roof sheathing, today's framers typically use pneumatic fasteners (gun nails)
Zon e3 Zon e1 e2 Zon e3
that may have shorter lengths or smaller diameters than common or box nails and therefore lower withdrawal capacities. Whether the roof sheathing is installed with common nails, pneumatic nails, or screws, the fastening pattern may need to be intensified in high pressure areas of the roof as indicated in Table 7.1.
a = smaller of W or L , but not less than 3 feet 10
Zon
Zon Zon e1
e2
Based on the
Table 2.4
a
Table 7.1: Wind Suction Pressures

Wind Suction Pressures (pounds per square foot) Wind Speed (mph) 90 100 110 120 Zone 1 15.0 18.5 22.4 26.6 Zone 2 28.9 35.7 43.2 51.4 Zone 3 37.8 46.7 56.5 67.2 Zone 3 Overhang 47.0 58.0 70.1 83.5
1. Based on exposure B, multiply by 1.39 for exposure C
130 31.2 60.4 78.9 98.0
Based on the building criteria from page 1, a = 36'/10 = 3.6' and the uplift from Table 7.1 in Zone 2 is 51.4 psf. Using a 0.131" x 2.375" nail (62 lbs. allowable withdrawal from Table 7.2) results in a fastener spacing of: (62 lbs. per nail)/(51.4 psf x 2' O.C. roof framing) x (12 in /ft.) = 7.2" O.C.
Example:
Table 7.2 shows the fasteners needed for attachment of the roof diaphragm. It provides options for using nails or Simpson Strong-Tie Quik Drive WSNTL212S screw. Quik Drive Screws provide enhanced performance to nails for the roof diaphragm as they provide higher withdrawal resistance and can reduce squeaks when used in a floor system.
Table 7.2: Roof Sheathing Fastening
With a maximum allowable edge:field fastening pattern of 6:12, the roof sheathing fastening patterns (rounding to 12", 6", 4" spacings) are: Zone 1: 6:12, Zone 2: 6:6, Zone 3: 4:4, Overhangs: 4:4. Alternatively, use Quik Drive WSNTL212S at Zone 1/2: 6:12, Zone 3/Overhang: 6:6.
Roof Framing Maximum On Center Fastener Spacing (in) Roof Zone Spacing Exposure B Exposure C Basic Wind Speed (mph) 90 100 110 120 130 90 100 110 120 8d Common (0.131" x 2.5") or Pneumatic nail (0.131" x 2.375" min.)5 1 12 12 2 12 11 9 12 11 9 8 16 in. O.C. 3 12 10 8 7 11 9 7 6 Overhang 12 10 8 7 6 9 7 6 5 1 12 12 10 2 12 10 9 7 6 9 7 6 5 24 in. O.C. 3 10 8 7 6 5 7 6 5 4 Overhang 8 6 5 4 4 6 5 4 3 Quik Drive WSNTL212S (#8x2.50")6 1 12 12 2 16 in. O.C. 3 12 12 11 Overhang 12 10 12 11 9 1 12 12 2 12 11 12 11 10 24 in. O.C. 3 12 10 9 12 11 9 7 Overhang 12 10 8 7 10 8 7 6
1. Based on wood structural panel roof sheathing 7/16" to 1/2" in thickness. 2. Based on SPF or better roof framing (specific gravity 0.42). 3. Edge fastening spacing not to exceed 6" O.C. 4. Spacing Values based on roof suction pressure only. Contact Simpson Strong-Tie for additional information on evaluating simultaneous loads on roof sheathing fasteners in uplift and shear. 5. 8d common or pneumatic nail spacing is based on an allowable withdrawal of 62 lbs. per nail. 6. WSNTL212S allowable withdrawal is 114 lbs. and is based on a safety factor of 5.0 on screw withdrawal and head pull through and includes a 60% increase for wind loading.
130 7 5 4 9 4 3 3
Quik Drive WSNTL212S Screw
9 8 8 6 5
TECHNICAL BULLETIN
LATERAL LOADS: WFCM TAbLE 2.1

Page 8 of 24
As wind acts on a wall surface it pushes or pulls the wall framing inward or outward. The studs are connected to the top and bottom plates of the wall which in turn are connected to the roof or floor systems above and below the wall. In many cases the standard nailing of these framing members is sufficient to transfer the lateral wind loads but there are two conditions addressed here that can result in higher load concentrations and must be properly detailed: 1) tall wall heights and 2) large wall openings. In addition to these problem areas, the standard connection from the wall plates to the roof system (rafters or trusses) may need strengthening. Determine the connection requirements at the ends of studs and at joists or rafters to wall plates by using Table 8.1 which is based on the wall height and spacing of the framing member being connected. Determine the lateral force at each end of a header or window sill by using Table 8.2. Connect the header to the king stud(s) and the window sill to the jack stud(s) using end nails or connectors from page 9.
Based on the
Table 8.1: Lateral Load at Stud-to-Plate, Plate-to-Roof, Plate-to-Floor (lbs)

O.C. Spacing Wall Height (ft) 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Basic Wind Speed (mph) 90 74 89 102 115 127 139 150 99 119 136 153 169 185 200 148 178 204 230 254 278 300 100 92 109 126 142 157 171 185 123 145 168 189 209 228 247 184 218 252 284 314 342 370 110 111 132 152 171 190 207 224 148 176 203 228 253 276 299 222 264 304 342 380 414 448 120 132 157 181 204 226 247 267 176 209 241 272 301 329 356 264 314 362 408 452 494 534 130 155 185 213 239 265 290 313 207 247 284 319 353 387 417 310 370 426 478 530 580 626
12
16
24
Table 2.1
Table 8.2: Header and Window Sill Plate Lateral Loads (lbs)
Header or Sill Length (ft) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 90 89 178 267 356 445 534 623 712 Basic Wind Speed (mph) 100 110 120 109 132 157 218 264 314 327 396 471 436 528 628 545 660 785 654 792 942 763 924 1,099 872 1,056 1,256 130 185 370 555 740 925 1,110 1,295 1,480
1. Tabulated forces are for Exposure B. Multiply table values by 1.39 for Exposure C. 2. Tabulated forces based on framing located near corners. See WFCM for load reductions for framing away from corners. 3. Refer to WFCM section 1.1.3.1(d) for maximum story heights.
Stud Example:
Based on the building criteria from page 1, determine the lateral load at the top and bottom of a common stud. The lateral load from Table 8.1 for 16" O.C. spacing is 176 pounds for an 8' wall height and 209 pounds for a 10' height. (176 + 209) / (2) = 193 lbs at each end of a 9' stud. From Table 9.2 each 16d common end-nail has a capacity of 148 lbs. Use (2) 16d common nails into the end of each stud.
Rafter Example:
Determine the lateral load at the 24" O.C. rafter to wall connection. The lateral load from Table 8.1 for 24" O.C. spacing is 264 pounds for an 8' wall height and 314 pounds for a 10' height. (264 + 314) / (2) = 289 lbs at each rafter. From Table 9.2, each 8d common toe-nail has a capacity of 121 lbs. Use (3) 8d common nails toe-nailed into each rafter/top plate.
Determine the lateral load at each end of floor joists spaced at 16" O.C. and blocking perpendicular to the joists spaced at 4' O.C. The lateral load from the studs has been connected to the wall plates, now the top plates must be tied into the floor system. Because the spacing of the floor joists matches the spacing of the studs: the lateral load at each joist is the same as that for the studs. 193 lbs at each 16" O.C. stud. From Table 9.2, each 8d common toe-nail has a capacity of 121 lbs. Use at least (2) 8d common nails toe-nailed into each joist/top plate. ecause the spacing of the 4' O.C. blocking is 3 times that of the 16" B O.C. joists, the lateral load at the blocking is 3 times the lateral load at each joist. (193) x (3) = 579 lbs at each block. From page 9, Table 9.1, use (2) A34 framing angles.
Joist Example:
Determine the lateral load at each end of the header and sill of a 6' window opening. The lateral load from Table 8.2 is 471 lbs at each end of the header and window sill. From Table 9.2, use (8) 8d common nails end-nailed from the king stud into each end of the header. Because a typical 2x window sill is not deep enough to allow this many nails, from Table 9.1, use (2) A34 framing angles at each end of the window sill.
Window Header/Sill Example::
1. Tabulated forces based on wall heights 10 feet. 2. Tabulated forces are for Exposure B. Multiply table values by 1.39 for Exposure C. 3.
TECHNICAL BULLETIN
LATERAL LOAD CONNECTIONS: STUDS, RAFTERS, JOISTS, HEADERS & SILLS

Page 9 of 24
Toe-nails and End-nails are the primary means to resist lateral loads in typical wood framed residences. Nail values for common installations are provided here for reference. Connections that require more capacity than is provided by the prescriptive fastening schedule in WFCM Table 3.1 can be strengthened by adding additional fasteners or by using connectors.
Table 9.1: Lateral Connectors

Model No. A34 A35 LS30 LS50 Fasteners 8-8dx1Z\x 12-8dx1Z\x 6-10dx1Z\x 8-10dx1Z\x L 2Z\x 4Z\x 3C\, 4M\, Allowable Loads (160%) DF/SP SPF/HF 365 315 450 450 320 270 485 420
A35
A34
LS30 L
A35
LS30
A34Z
Gable Endwall Framing
1 "
EDGE
Table 9.2: Lateral Shear Strength of Common Nailing Applications (lbs)

Nail Type 8d Common 8d Pneumatic Nail 10d Common 10d Pneumatic Nail 16d Common 16d Pneumatic Nail Nail Diameter x Nail Length 0.131" x 2.50" 0.113" x 2.38" 0.148" x 3.00" 0.120" x 3.00" 0.162" x 3.50" 0.131" x 3.25" End-Nail Shear (160%) DF/SP SPF/HF 65 56 50 43 104 90 87 74 148 128 100 85 Toe-Nail Shear (160%) DF/SP SPF/HF 121 96 62 53 153 127 108 92 183 158 124 105
HEADER
SPACING
KING STUD
JACK
End-Nail Installation
1. End-nail values are based on a 1" side member thickness and include a 0.67 end grain factor. 2. Toe-nail values include a 0.83 toe-nail factor. 3. For nail installation requirements as well as spacing and edge distance recommendations, see ANSI/AF&PA NDS National Design Specification for Wood Construction.
30 L3
SHEAR
L
Toe-Nail Installation
TECHNICAL BULLETIN
SHEAR LOADS
Page 10 of 24
As wind blows against roof and wall surfaces, the walls parallel to the wind direction are loaded in shear. The shearwalls in these wall lines must be designed so they do not rack, slide or overturn. The sum of the individual shearwall capacities in each wall line must equal or exceed the forces described on pages 10 and 11. The design of the individual shearwalls is presented on pages 12-15.
Applied Force Applied Force Applied Force
Racking
Sliding
Overturning
SHEAR LOAD: WIND PARALLEL TO RIDGE

Based on the
Table 2.5B
Basic Wind Speed (mph) Roof Roof Pitch Span (ft) 0:126:12 90 100 110 120 130 2008 Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. T-01WFCM08 9/08
Table 10.1 lists the loads that act on the roof system (FROOF) and floor system (FFLOOR) when the wind blows parallel to the ridge. When the roof and floors are supported by two exterior sidewalls, the load that each sidewall must be designed to support is equal to the tabulated value divided by two. Sidewalls that support a roof only must to be designed to resist one half of the FROOF load. Sidewalls that support a roof and floor must be designed to resist one half of FROOF + FFLOOR (see figure below).
Table 10.1: Diaphragm Loads: Wind Parallel To Ridge
FROOF (lbs)
1,560 2,808 4,416 6,360 1,776 3,312 5,280 7,740 2,016 3,816 6,192 9,120 2,232 4,320 7,056 10,500 2,016 3,024 4,032 5,040 1,920 3,492 5,472 7,860 2,208 4,104 6,528 9,540 2,472 4,716 7,632 11,220 2,760 5,328 8,736 12,960 2,472 3,708 4,944 6,180 2,328 4,212 6,576 9,480 2,664 4,932 7,920 11,520 3,000 5,688 9,216 13,620 3,336 6,444 10,560 15,660 2,784 5,004 7,872 11,280 3,168 5,904 9,408 13,740 3,576 6,768 10,992 16,200 3,984 7,668 12,576 18,660 3,576 5,364 7,152 8,940 3,264 5,868 9,216 13,260 3,720 6,912 11,040 16,140 4,200 7,956 12,912 19,020 4,656 9,000 14,736 21,900 4,200 6,300 8,400 10,500
7:128:12
F F
9:1210:12
ROO
F
FR O O F ) / 2
11:1212:12
FLO
OR
24 36 48 60 24 36 48 60 24 36 48 60 24 36 48 60
Roof Span (ft)
FFLOOR (lbs)
3,000 4,500 6,000 7,500
Roof
Span
FF L O O R ) / 2 FR O O F +
Floor
Sidew
all Len
gth
24 36 48 60
1. Tabulated loads are for Exposure B. Multiply table values by 1.39 for Exposure C. 2. Tabulated loads are based on 8 foot wall heights. For other wall heights, H, multiply table values by H/8. 3. For hip roof systems, use tables on page 11 for wind perpendicular to ridge design. Refer to WFCM Table 2.5A footnote 4.
TECHNICAL BULLETIN
SHEAR LOADS: PERPENDICULAR TO RIDGE

Page 11 of 24
Tables 11.111.5 list the loads that act on the roof system (FROOF) and floor system (FFLOOR) when the wind blows perpendicular to the ridge. When the roof and floors are supported by two exterior endwalls, the load that each endwall must be designed to support is equal to the tabulated value divided by two. Endwalls that support a roof only must be designed to resist one half of the FROOF load. Endwalls that support a roof and floor must be designed to resist one half of FROOF + FFLOOR (see figure below).
Based on the
Table 11.1: 90 mph Diaphragm Loads: Wind Perpendicular To Ridge

Roof Pitch Roof Span (ft) 24 36 48 60 24 36 48 60 24 36 48 60 24 36 48 60 30 2,370 2,760 3,150 3,570 3,570 4,560 5,580 6,600 4,110 5,340 6,600 7,890 4,620 6,090 7,620 9,150 3,690 Sidewall Length (ft) 50 60 70 FROOF (lbs) 3,160 3,950 4,740 5,530 3,680 4,600 5,520 6,440 4,200 5,250 6,300 7,350 4,760 5,950 7,140 8,330 4,760 5,950 7,140 8,330 6,080 7,600 9,120 10,640 7,440 9,300 11,160 13,020 8,800 11,000 13,200 15,400 5,480 6,850 8,220 9,590 7,120 8,900 10,680 12,460 8,800 11,000 13,200 15,400 10,520 13,150 15,780 18,410 6,160 7,700 9,240 10,780 8,120 10,150 12,180 14,210 10,160 12,700 15,240 17,780 12,200 15,250 18,300 21,350 FFLOOR (lbs) 4,920 6,150 7,380 8,610 40 80 6,320 7,360 8,400 9,520 9,520 12,160 14,880 17,600 10,960 14,240 17,600 21,040 12,320 16,240 20,320 24,400 9,840
0:126:12
7:128:12
FROOF
(FROOF)/ 2
(FROOF + FFLOOR
gth Len wall Side
Table 2.5A
9:1210:12
FFLOOR
11:1212:12 Floor
)/2
R oo f Sp an

Sidewall Length (ft) Roof 30 40 50 60 70 Roof Pitch Span (ft) FROOF (lbs) 24 2,940 3,920 4,900 5,880 6,860 36 3,390 4,520 5,650 6,780 7,910 0:126:12 48 3,900 5,200 6,500 7,800 9,100 60 4,410 5,880 7,350 8,820 10,290 24 4,410 5,880 7,350 8,820 10,290 36 5,640 7,520 9,400 11,280 13,160 7:128:12 48 6,900 9,200 11,500 13,800 16,100 60 8,160 10,880 13,600 16,320 19,040 24 5,070 6,760 8,450 10,140 11,830 36 6,570 8,760 10,950 13,140 15,330 9:1210:12 48 8,160 10,880 13,600 16,320 19,040 60 9,720 12,960 16,200 19,440 22,680 24 5,700 7,600 9,500 11,400 13,300 36 7,530 10,040 12,550 15,060 17,570 11:1212:12 48 9,420 12,560 15,700 18,840 21,980 60 11,310 15,080 18,850 22,620 26,390 FFLOOR (lbs) Floor 4,560 6,080 7,600 9,120 10,640 80 7,840 9,040 10,400 11,760 11,760 15,040 18,400 21,760 13,520 17,520 21,760 25,920 15,200 20,080 25,120 30,160 12,160

Roof Pitch Roof Span (ft) 24 36 48 60 24 36 48 60 24 36 48 60 24 36 48 60 Sidewall Length (ft) 50 60 70 FROOF (lbs) 3,540 4,720 5,900 7,080 8,260 4,110 5,480 6,850 8,220 9,590 4,710 6,280 7,850 9,420 10,990 5,340 7,120 8,900 10,680 12,460 5,340 7,120 8,900 10,680 12,460 6,810 9,080 11,350 13,620 15,890 8,340 11,120 13,900 16,680 19,460 9,870 13,160 16,450 19,740 23,030 6,120 8,160 10,200 12,240 14,280 7,950 10,600 13,250 15,900 18,550 9,870 13,160 16,450 19,740 23,030 11,790 15,720 19,650 23,580 27,510 6,900 9,200 11,500 13,800 16,100 9,090 12,120 15,150 18,180 21,210 11,400 15,200 19,000 22,800 26,600 13,680 18,240 22,800 27,360 31,920 FFLOOR (lbs) 5,520 7,360 9,200 11,040 12,880 30 40 80 9,440 10,960 12,560 14,240 14,240 18,160 22,240 26,320 16,320 21,200 26,320 31,440 18,400 24,240 30,400 36,480 14,720
0:126:12
7:128:12
9:1210:12
11:12-12:12 Floor

Roof Pitch Roof Span (ft) 24 36 48 60 24 36 48 60 24 36 48 60 24 36 48 60 30 4,230 4,890 5,610 6,360 6,360 8,100 9,930 11,730 7,290 9,480 11,730 14,010 8,190 10,830 13,560 16,290 6,570 Sidewall Length (ft) 40 50 60 70 FROOF (lbs) 5,640 7,050 8,460 9,870 6,520 8,150 9,780 11,410 7,480 9,350 11,220 13,090 8,480 10,600 12,720 14,840 8,480 10,600 12,720 14,840 10,800 13,500 16,200 18,900 13,240 16,550 19,860 23,170 15,640 19,550 23,460 27,370 9,720 12,150 14,580 17,010 12,640 15,800 18,960 22,120 15,640 19,550 23,460 27,370 18,680 23,350 28,020 32,690 10,920 13,650 16,380 19,110 14,440 18,050 21,660 25,270 18,080 22,600 27,120 31,640 21,720 27,150 32,580 38,010 FFLOOR (lbs) 8,760 10,950 13,140 15,330 80 11,280 13,040 14,960 16,960 16,960 21,600 26,480 31,280 19,440 25,280 31,280 37,360 21,840 28,880 36,160 43,440 17,520

Roof Pitch Roof Span (ft) 24 36 48 60 24 36 48 60 24 36 48 60 24 36 48 60 30 4,950 5,760 6,600 7,440 7,470 9,510 11,640 13,770 8,550 11,100 13,770 16,440 9,630 12,720 15,930 19,110 7,710 Sidewall Length (ft) 50 60 70 FROOF (lbs) 6,600 8,250 9,900 11,550 7,680 9,600 11,520 13,440 8,800 11,000 13,200 15,400 9,920 12,400 14,880 17,360 9,960 12,450 14,940 17,430 12,680 15,850 19,020 22,190 15,520 19,400 23,280 27,160 18,360 22,950 27,540 32,130 11,400 14,250 17,100 19,950 14,800 18,500 22,200 25,900 18,360 22,950 27,540 32,130 21,920 27,400 32,880 38,360 12,840 16,050 19,260 22,470 16,960 21,200 25,440 29,680 21,240 26,550 31,860 37,170 25,480 31,850 38,220 44,590 F FLOOR (lbs) 10,280 12,850 15,420 17,990 40 80 13,200 15,360 17,600 19,840 19,920 25,360 31,040 36,720 22,800 29,600 36,720 43,840 25,680 33,920 42,480 50,960 20,560
0:126:12
0:126:12
7:128:12
7:128:12
9:1210:12
9:1210:12
11:1212:12 Floor
11:12-12:12 Floor
1. Tabulated loads are for Exposure B. Multiply table values by 1.39 for Exposure C. 2. abulated loads are based on 8 foot wall heights. For other wall heights, H, multiply table values by H/8. T 3. For hip roof systems, use tables on this page. Refer to WFCM Table 2.5A footnote 4.
TECHNICAL BULLETIN
SHEARWALL DESIGN
Page 12 of 24
Wood shearwalls consist of a sheathing material that is fastened to wall framing. The sheathing prevents the wall framing from racking and the wall framing allows for connections to resist sliding and overturning. The wall top plates must be connected to the floor or roof above to transfer the shear forces into the wall and the sole plate must be connected to the floor or foundation below to transfer the shear forces out of the wall and prevent sliding. To resist overturning, the end posts must be tied down to the foundation or framing below. The WFCM recognizes many sheathing materials and provides shear capacities in Table 3C of the Supplement. The shear capacities are based on the material, fastening, framing species, and type of load. Connections at the top of a shearwall are typically made by toe-nailing the rim joist, or blocking to the top plates. The sole plate is typically fastened with either nails into the floor framing below or sill anchors into the foundation. Connectors, such as those shown on page 18, may be needed to transfer larger shear forces. Overturning restraint is provided by holdowns shown on page 13. Table 12.1 provides shearwall capacities for a common shearwall assembly. The wall capacity is based on the overall length of the shearwall segment while the holdown capacity is based on the overall height of the shearwall segment. For additional information on shearwall design, including alternate materials and perforated shearwall design, refer to Table 3B of the WFCM Supplement.
LENGT
ER OR OTH R FE TRANS SHEAR NNECTORS CO
Table 12.1: Field Built Shearwalls Using 7/16" OSB, 8d Commons (0.131" x 2.5"), 16" o.c. Stud Spacing
Shearwall Length (in) 8d Common Nail Spacing at Panel Edges 6" O.C. 4" O.C. 3" O.C. Shearwall Capacity (lbs) Required Holdown Shearwall Capacity (lbs) Required Holdown Shearwall Capacity (lbs) Required Holdown DF/SP SPF/HF Capacity (lbs) DF/SP SPF/HF Capacity (lbs) DF/SP SPF/HF Capacity (lbs)
Methods for Addressing Shearwall Plan Offsets Greater than 4'

Lateral Load Direction Structure with wall offset greater than 4' Option #1 Separate Structures
Bldg 2
> 4' > 4'
Based on the
Option #2 Inscribed Structure
Shearwall offset is the distance in plan, Table 3.1.3.3 measured perpendicular to the wind force direction, of two adjacent, parallel shearwalls. When shearwall offsets exceed 4', the continuity of the shearwall load path shall be maintained using drag struts and/or special framing details. Drag struts, collectors, chords, diaphragms, and shearwalls that are not within the limits of the WFCM shall be designed in accordance with the governing building code.
Building 1 Bldg 3
Building 1
Building 1
> 4' > 4' > 4'
Building 2 Building 3
Building 1
For design purposes the structure shall be considered as separate structures (Option #1) or as a rectangular structure that inscribes the total structure (Option #2). For additional information refer to AF&PA Design Aid No 5.
28 849 784 1,241 31 940 868 1,374 36 1,092 1,008 1,596 2,915 for 8' Walls 48 1,456 1,344 2,128 3,275 for 9' Walls 60 1,820 1,680 2,660 3,640 for 10' Walls 72 2,184 2,016 3,192 84 2,548 2,352 3,724 96 2,912 2,688 4,256 1. Holdown capacity based on achieving maximum capacity of wall, reduced holdown capacity will result in reductions in wall shear strength. 2. Minimum shearwall lengths allowed by code are 28" for 8' walls, 31" for 9' walls, and 35" for 10' walls (Height/Length3.5 for wind design). See pages 14 & 15 for solutions for smaller wall lengths. 3. Values include a 40% increase in OSB shear capacity due to wind loading and also apply to ZB\x" plywood. 4. Anchor bolts or other shear connectors shall be provided to transfer loads from the bottom plate to the foundation or framing below.
1,143 1,600 1,470 1,266 1,770 1,628 1,470 2,060 1,890 4,255 for 8' Walls 5,490 for 8' Walls 1,960 2,745 2,520 4,790 for 9' Walls 6,175 for 9' Walls 2,450 3,430 3,150 5,320 for 10' Walls 6,890 for 10' Walls 2,940 4,115 3,780 3,430 4,805 4,410 3,920 5,490 5,040 5. End studs shall be sized for tension and compression forces. 6. In accordance with the WFCM, tabulated shearwall and holdown capacities are based on Table 3B of the WFCM Supplement and apply to structures designed in accordance with the 2001 WFCM only. 7. Holdown capacities are tabulated per story. In accordance with section 2.2.4.1 of the WFCM, where a holdown resists the overturning load from the story or stories above, the holdwn shall be sized for the required holdown tension capacity at its level plus the required holdown tension capacity of the story or stories above.
TECHNICAL BULLETIN
SHEARWALL HOLDOWN CONNECTORS

Page 13 of 24 Table 13.1: Holdown Connectors
Model No. HDU2-SDS2.5 HDU4-SDS2.5 HDU5-SDS2.5 HDU8-SDS2.51 HDU11-SDS2.51 HDU14-SDS2.51 STHD14 STHD14RJ Post Fasteners 6-SDS 10-SDS 14-SDS 20-SDS 30-SDS 36-SDS 38-16d sinkers 38-16d sinkers Anchor Diameter (in) B\, B\, B\, M\, 1 1
C (in) L
1Z\v 1Z\v 1Z\v 1Z\v 1Z\v 1>\zn
Allowable Loads (160%) DF/SP SPF/HF 3,075 2,215 4,565 3,285 5,645 4,065 7,870 5,665 9,535 6,865 14,9252 10,745 5,025 5,025 5,025 5,025
C L
END POST DBL 2x MIN, SEE FOOTNOTE 1
HOLDOWN
1. HDU8 requires a minimum 4Z\x" thick (direction of fastener penetration) post, HDU11 requires a minimum 5Z\x" thick post, HDU14 requires a minimum 5Z\x" x 5Z\x" post. 2. Requires heavy hex anchor nut to achieve tabulated load.
STHDs require a minimum of 1" end distance when multiple 2x members are used as shown
One #4 Rebar in Shear Cone 12" Min. Rebar Length
ON SIMPSTie
SQUASH BLOCKING
HOLDOWN ANCHOR DIAMETER COUPLER NUT
Nailed Portion Nails Min. 1" End Dist.
ANCHOR ROD DIAMETER
EMBEDMENT
St ong
an Clear Sp . 17" Max
30" Min. Rebar Length
End Distance (" min. from corner)
Typical Holdown Installation on Wood Floor
30" Min. Rebar Length
HDU Installation
STHD14 Corner Installation
Typical STHD14RJ Rim Joist Application
One #4 Rebar in Shear Cone " Min. 12" Min. Rebar from Length Corner
Table 13.2: Allowable Tension Loads for Anchor Rods Installed with SET or AT Adhesive
Anchor Embed. SET Diam. Depth 2x4 Wall 2x6 Wall (in) (in) Corner Interior Corner Interior 12 5,485 5,875 5,875 5,875 B\, 18 5,875 5,875 5,875 5,875 12 6,185 7,400 7,500 8,320 M\, 18 9,465 10,280 11,300 11,355 12 6,480 7,560 7,745 8,360 1 18 10,025 10,575 11,755 11,630 AT 2x4 Wall 2x6 Wall Corner Interior Corner Interior 4,720 5,400 5,720 5,875 5,875 5,875 5,875 5,875 5,090 5,745 6,310 7,555 8,350 9,110 10,065 10,155 5,280 5,950 6,585 7,525 8,695 9,525 10,535 10,400
1. Allowable loads based on a concrete fc = 2500 psi. 2. Allowable loads based on and testing and finite element modeling of adhesive anchorage into uncracked concrete.
8" MIN
Set-Pac EZ and Acrylic Tie Fast-Pac adhesives
Titen HD Rod Coupler Anchor
24" MIN
24" MIN TO BOTH CORNERS CORNER ANCHOR 4 1/4" MIN
Table 13.3: Titen HD Rod Coupler Tension Loads in Normal-Weight Concrete Stemwall
INTERIOR ANCHOR 8" MIN
Titen HD Size (in.) C\, Z\x
Embed. Depth (in.) 5 8
Stemwall Width (in.) 8 8
1 " FOR 2x4 WALL 2 " FOR 2x6 WALL
24" MIN FOR CORNER INSTALLATION
Minimum Minimum Edge Spacing Dist. Dist. (in.) (in.) 1C\v 20 1C\v 32
Allowable Load (lbs) f'c 2500 psi Concrete 2,225 3,885
TECHNICAL BULLETIN
STEEL STRONG-WALL SHEARWALL

Page 14 of 24 Table 14.1 Steel Strong-Wall
Model Number WFCM Table Allowable 3.17A and 3.17B Shear (lbs) Comparison Width Height (ft) Steel Strong-Wall on Concrete SSW12x7 12 1,275 2.9 SSW15x7 15 1,860 4.3 SSW18x7 18 80 3,425 7.9 SSW21x7 21 4,440 10.2 SSW24x7 24 5,730 13.1 SSW12x8 12 1,045 2.4 SSW15x8 15 1,530 3.5 SSW18x8 18 93Z\v 2,940 6.7 SSW21x8 21 3,960 9.1 SSW24x8 24 5,105 11.7 SSW12x9 12 890 2.0 SSW15x9 15 1,315 3.0 SSW18x9 18 105Z\v 2,605 6.0 SSW21x9 21 3,590 8.2 SSW24x9 24 4,575 10.5 SSW12x10 12 770 1.8 SSW15x10 15 1,145 2.6 SSW18x10 18 117Z\v 2,340 5.4 SSW21x10 21 3,265 7.5 SSW24x10 24 4,100 9.4 First Story Wood Floor SSW12x8 12 445 1.0 SSW15x8 15 1,175 2.7 SSW18x8 18 93Z\v 1,555 3.6 SSW21x8 21 1,940 4.4 SSW24x8 24 2,320 5.3 SSW12x9 12 395 0.9 SSW15x9 15 1,040 2.4 105Z\v SSW18x9 18 1,380 3.2 SSW21x9 21 1,720 3.9 SSW24x9 24 2,055 4.7 SSW12x10 12 355 0.8 SSW15x10 15 935 2.1 117Z\v SSW18x10 18 1,240 2.8 SSW21x10 21 1,540 3.5 SSW24x10 24 1,845 4.2 Two-Story Stacked Refer to Strong-Wall Shearwalls Catalog Balloon Framing Refer to Strong-Wall Shearwalls Catalog Wall Dimensions (in)
First Story Wood Floor Installation
Standard Installation on Concrete Foundation
Garage Installation on Concrete Foundation
1. Refer to the current Strong-Wall Shearwalls catalog for concrete anchorage information. 2. When using WFCM Tables 3.17A or 3.17B, the number of feet of required shearwall that can be replaced by a Strong-Wall panel is shown. 3. Allowable shear loads are for wind applications and based on 3000 psi concrete and 1000 pound axial load.
See Strong-Wall Shearwalls catalog for more information
Balloon Framing Installation
Two-Story Stacked Installation
TECHNICAL BULLETIN
WOOD STRONG-WALL SHEARWALL

Page 15 of 24 Table 15.1 Wood Strong-Wall
WFCM Table 3.17A Allowable Model Number and 3.17B Shear (lbs) Comparison Width Height (ft) Standard Wood Strong-Wall SW18x8 18 1,105 2.5 SW24x8 24 1,550 3.6 93Z\v SW32x8 32 2,760 6.3 SW48x8 48 4,375 10.0 SW18x9 18 1,040 2.4 SW24x9 24 1,525 3.5 105Z\v SW32x9 32 2,505 5.7 SW48x9 48 4,205 9.6 SW24x10 24 1,530 3.5 SW32x10 32 117Z\v 2,370 5.4 SW48x10 48 3,940 9.0 Raised Floor Strong-Wall (first floor) SW18x8-RF 18 805 1.8 SW24x8-RF 24 1,215 2.8 93Z\v SW32x8-RF 32 1,830 4.2 SW48x8-RF 48 3,435 7.9 SW18x9-RF 18 685 1.6 SW24x9-RF 24 970 2.2 105Z\v SW32x9-RF 32 1,620 3.7 SW48x9-RF 48 2,970 6.8 SW24x10-RF 24 950 2.2 SW32x10-RF 32 117Z\v 1,580 3.6 SW48x10-RF 48 2,575 5.9 Raised Floor Strong-Wall (second floor) Refer to Strong-Wall Shearwalls Catalog Single Strong-Wall Garage Portal SW16x7x4 16 1,405 3.2 78 SW22x7x4 22 2,110 4.8 SW16x8x4 16 1,200 2.8 90 SW22x8x4 22 1,920 4.4 Double Strong-Wall Garage Portal SW16x7x4 16 2,695 6.2 78 SW22x7x4 22 4,640 10.6 SW16x8x4 16 2,395 5.5 90 SW22x8x4 22 3,840 8.8 Wall Dimensions (in)
1. Refer to the current Strong-Wall Shearwalls catalog for concrete anchorage information. 2. When using WFCM Tables 3.17A or 3.17B, the number of feet of required shearwall that can be replaced by a Strong-Wall panel is shown.
Raised Floor Strong-Wall Shearwall Standard Strong-Wall Shearwall
Raised Floor Strong-Wall on Top of Standard Strong-Wall Shearwall
See Strong-Wall Shearwalls catalog for more information
Garage Portal Strong-Wall: Single Shearwall
Garage Portal Strong-Wall: Single and Double Shearwall
TECHNICAL BULLETIN
SHEAR EXAMPLE: WIND PARALLEL TO RIDGE

Page 16 of 24
Based on the building criteria from page 1, determine the shear forces in the 1st and 2nd story sidewalls. Design the shearwalls in the sidewalls to resist the shear forces. GIVEN: Wind Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number of Stories (1-3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roof Pitch (0:12 - 12:12). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mean Roof Height (up to 33 feet) . . . . . . . . Roof Type (Gable or Hip) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roof Span (up to 60 feet) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sidewall Length (up to 80 feet) . . . . . . . . . . 1st Story Wall Height (8-12 feet) . . . . . . . . . 2nd Story Wall Height (8-12 feet) . . . . . . . . SOLUTION: Ceiling/Attic Diaphragm Force, FROOF (from Table 10.1 on page 10 for 6:12 roof and 9' walls) . . . . . . Floor Diaphragm Force, FFLOOR (from Table 10.1 on page 10 for 9' walls) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shear Requirement for Each Second Story Sidewall (FROOF 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shear Requirement for Each First Story Sidewall [(FROOF + FFLOOR) 2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,004 x 9/8 = 5,630 Lbs 5,364 x 9/8 = 6,035 Lbs 2,815 Lbs 5,833 Lbs 120 MPH, Exp. B 2 Stories 6:12 Pitch 33 Feet Gable Roof 36 Feet 50 Feet 9 Feet 9 Feet
F
ROO
FLOO
( FR O O F
)/2 )/2
( FR O O F
F OOR + FL
36 E
ndwa
ll
50 Sid
ewall
The quantity, size, and location of the shearwalls in a given wall line will be influenced by the size and location of windows and doors. Each shearwall must meet the height to width requirements for wind (Height/Width < 3) without any wall openings within the shearwall. Generally, the shearwalls within a wall line should be distributed as uniformly as possible and a shearwall should be located at or near each corner. The sum of the individual shearwall capacities in a wall line must equal or exceed the shear forces determined above. Each 2nd story sidewall must resist 2,815 lbs of shear. Using Table 12.1 on page 12, a number of shearwall combinations are possible including 3-48" shearwalls that use the standard 6" O.C. edge nailing. Locate one shearwall near each corner and one in between. Ensure that the holdown on each end of each shearwall does not line up with a wall opening on the first story. Ideally, each 2nd story shearwalls should be directly above a 1st story shearwall. The maximum capacity of these shearwalls is: (1,456 x 3) = 4,368 pounds. In order to achieve the maximum capacity of these shearwalls, the shearwall holdown must resist 3,275 pounds (from Table 12.1). However, the holdown strength that is required to resist the design forces can be reduced by multiplying the tabulated holdown strength by the ratio of the required shear capacity to the maximum shear capacity. This can be done for each shearwall or if all the shearwalls in a wall line are the same size and type, as in this example, the forces for the entire wall line can be used: (3,275) x(2,815/4,368) = 2,110 lbs. From Table 13.1, use a HDU2 (3,075 lbs) to tie each shearwall end post down to the framing below. Shearwall end posts shall be designed to resist 2,110 lbs in compression. Each 1st story sidewall must resist 5,833 lbs of shear. Using Table 12.1 on page 12, a number of shearwall combinations are possible including 4-48" shearwalls that use the standard 6" O.C. edge nailing. Locate one shearwall below each of the three 2nd story shearwalls and another where an uninterrupted 4' wall length is available. The 1st story shearwalls utilize the maximum shearwall capacity of 1,456 lbs and therefore require the tabulated holdown strength of 3,275 lbs. The shearwall posts that are connected to the shearwall post above must be held down to resist the cumulative holdown force of: 2,110 + 3,275 = 5,385 lbs. From Table 13.1, use a HDU5 (5,645 lbs) to tie each shearwall end post down to the foundation below. Shearwall end posts shall be designed to resist 5,385 lbs in compression. This example evaluates the forces in the shearwalls only. Additional considerations for wind shear design include: gable endwall bracing to transfer lateral load into the roof diaphragm, roof diaphragm blocking to transfer load from the roof sheathing down to the walls below, shear transfer between diaphragms and shearwalls, collector design, chord design, deflection limits, and diaphragm openings. These and other considerations must be evaluated in accordance with accepted engineering practice.
TECHNICAL BULLETIN
SHEAR EXAMPLE: WIND PERPENDICULAR TO RIDGE

Page 17 of 24
Based on the building criteria from page 1, determine the shear forces in the 1st and 2nd story endwalls. Design the shearwalls in the endwalls to resist the shear forces. GIVEN: Wind Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 MPH, Exp. B Number of Stories (1-3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Stories Roof Pitch (0:12 - 12:12). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:12 Pitch Mean Roof Height (up to 33 feet) . . . . . . . . . 33 Feet Roof Type (Gable or Hip) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gable Roof Roof Span (up to 60 feet) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Feet Sidewall Length (up to 80 feet) . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Feet 1st Story Wall Height (8-12 feet) . . . . . . . . . . 9 Feet 2nd Story Wall Height (8-12 feet) . . . . . . . . . 9 Feet SOLUTION: Ceiling/Attic Diaphragm Force, FROOF (from Table 11.4 on page 11 for 6:12 roof and 9' walls) . . . . . . 9,169 Lbs Floor Diaphragm Force, FFLOOR (from Table 11.4 on page 11 for 9' walls) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,319 Lbs Shear Requirement for Each Second Story Endwall (FROOF 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,585 Lbs Shear Requirement for Each First Story Endwall [(FROOF + FFLOOR) 2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,744 Lbs
FROOF
(FRO O F )/ 2
(F RO OF + F FL
FFLOOR
OO R )/2
3 6 E n d w a
ll
ll ewa Sid 50
Typically, the wind shearwall design in the endwalls is more difficult than the shearwall design in the sidewalls. The endwalls resist the wind forces that act on the sail area of the larger sidewalls and there is less wall length in the endwall to locate the shearwalls. The quantity, size, and location of the shearwalls in a given wall line will be influenced by the size and location of windows and doors. Each shearwall must meet the height to width requirements for wind (Height/Width < 3) without any wall openings within the shearwall. Generally, the shearwalls within a wall line should be distributed as uniformly as possible and a shearwall should be located at or near each corner. The sum of the individual shearwall capacities in a wall line must equal or exceed the shear forces determined above. Each 2nd story sidewall must resist 4,585 lbs of shear. Using Table 12.1 on page 12, a number of shearwall combinations are possible including 3-72" shearwalls that use the standard 6" O.C. edge nailing. Locate one shearwall near each corner and one in between. Ensure that the holdown on each end of each shearwall does not line up with a wall opening on the first story. Ideally, each 2nd story shearwalls should be directly above a 1st story shearwall. The maximum capacity of these shearwalls is: (2,184 x 3) = 6,552 lbs. In order to achieve the maximum capacity of these shearwalls, the shearwall holdown must resist 3,275 pounds (from Table 12.1). However, the holdown strength that is required to resist the design forces can be reduced by multiplying the tabulated holdown strength by the ratio of the required shear capacity to the maximum shear capacity. This can be done for each shearwall or if all the shearwalls in a wall line are the same size and type, as in this example, the forces for the entire wall line can be used: (3,275) x (4,585/6,552) = 2,292 lbs. From Table 13.1, use a HDU2 (3,075 lbs) to tie each shearwall end post down to the framing below. Shearwall end posts shall be designed to resist 2,292 lbs in compression. Each 1st story sidewall must resist 10,744 lbs of shear. Using Table 12.1 on page 12, a number of shearwall combinations are possible including 3-72" shearwalls with 3" O.C. edge nailing. Locate one shearwall below each of the three 2nd story shearwalls. The maximum capacity of these shearwalls is: (4,115 x 3) = 12,345 lbs when a holdown strength of 6,175 lbs is used. The required holdown strength is: (6,175) x (10,744/12,345) = 5,375 lbs. The shearwall posts are connected to the shearwall post above and must be held down to resist the cumulative holdown force of: 2,292 + 5,375 = 7,667 lbs. From Table 13.1, use a HDU8 (7,870 lbs) to tie each shearwall end post down to the foundation below. Shearwall end posts shall be designed to resist 7,667 lbs in compression. This example evaluates the forces in the shearwalls only. Additional considerations for wind shear design include: gable endwall bracing to transfer lateral load into the roof diaphragm, roof diaphragm blocking to transfer load from the roof sheathing down to the walls below, shear transfer between diaphragms and shearwalls, collector design, chord design, deflection limits, and diaphragm openings. These and other considerations must be evaluated in accordance with accepted engineering practice.
TECHNICAL BULLETIN
SPECIAL CONNECTIONS: SHEAR CONNECTIONS

Page 18 of 24 Connections from the roof, ceiling or floor diaphragm assemblies to the shearwall segments are required to transfer the shear loads that are parallel to the shearwalls. The magnitude of the shear forces can be determined from the tables on pages 10 and 11. The use of the RBC to transfer the shear forces from the roof diaphragm to the shearwalls below allows the roof ventilation requirements of the code to be met. Shear transfer between floor diaphragms and shearwalls can be done with the connectors shown on this page or nailing shown on page 9. Table 18.1: Shear Connectors
Model No. RBC LTP4 LTP5 HGA10 Fasteners 12-10dx1Z\x 12-8dx1Z\x 14-8dx1Z\x 8-SDS screws Allowable Loads (160%) DF/SP SPF/HF 440 380 670 595 630 540 1165 840
Sh
ear
Typical RBC Installation
Shear
Typical RBC Installation
S he ar
LTP5 Installed over Plywood Sheathing (LTP4 similar)
HGA10 Installation to Double Top Plates
Shear Example:
The shear forces that must be transferred were determined in the example on page 17. There are two connections that must be addressed: 1) the connection from the bottom of the 2nd story wall to the floor system (rim board) and 2) the connection of the floor system to the top of the 1st story wall. The force from the bottom of the 2nd story wall to the floor system is 4,585 lbs. Dividing this force by the length of the endwall (36') results in 127 pounds per linear foot of wall that must be transferred.
SPECIAL CONNECTIONS: GAbLE ENDWALL

2-10d nails from strut to truss/joist 8-10d nails from strut to blocking
strut
CS20 10-8d nails into stud and blocking
Platform framing the gable endwall creates a hinge between the top story wall framing and the gable framing. The hinge is susceptible to failure due to positive wind pressure acting to push this hinge inward as well as negative wind pressure acting to pull the hinge outward. The WFCM requires blocking perpendicular to the gable endwall to resist the positive pressure and strapping connecting the wall studs to the blocking to resist the negative pressure. For roof spans up to 36', the WFCM allows the gable endwall strap/blocking detail shown here to be spaced at 6 O.C.. For longer spans, the strap and blocking should be spaced to resist the positive and negative lateral pressures on the gable endwall from WFCM table 2.6.
Based on the building criteria from page 1, determine the connection requirements to transfer shear load from the 2nd story endwall to the 1st story endwall.
The LTP5 is rated for 630 lbs. in shear. 630 lbs. divided by 127 lbs. per foot = 5' O.C. spacing of the LTP5 connecting the 2nd story wall bottom plate to the rim board. The force that is applied to the top of each first story endwall is 10,744 lbs. Dividing this force by the length of the endwall (36') results in 298 pounds per linear foot of wall that must be transferred. The LTP5 is rated for 630 lbs. in shear. 630 lbs. divided by 298 lbs. per foot = 2.1'. Round down to 2' foot O.C. spacing of the LTP5 connecting the rim board to the 1st story wall top plates.
TECHNICAL BULLETIN
FOUNDATION ANCHORAGE
Page 19 of 24
The forces at the bottom of the ground story are determined using pages 2-3 (uplift), 8 (lateral), and 10-11 (shear). These forces are different for each wall line, therefore, more efficient designs may result from evaluating each wall line independently. Allowable loads for cast-in headed anchors, connectors, and the post-installed Titen HD anchor are provided in Table 19.1. Consideration must be given to loads acting simultaneously (see simultaneous loading information on page 6).
When sill plate anchors or connectors are not relied upon to transfer uplift forces, such as when the FSC or a holdown is used to transfer uplift, uplift forces may be disregarded in sill anchorage evaluation. A spacing adjustment factor is provided in table 19.1 to allow for alternate anchorage when the spacing of headed bolts has been determined or is already known. Multiply the known spacing by the spacing adjustment factor to determine spacing of alternate connection.
Table 19.1: Foundation Anchors (lbs)

Allowable Loads (160%) Anchor Type Z\x" Headed Bolt B\," Headed Bolt Z\x" THD4 B\," THD4 MASZ LMA4Z LMA6Z Shear 1088 1552 1088 1552 815 675 825 Lateral 656 928 656 571 575 520 650 Uplift
3
Spacing Factor To Replace Z\x" Dia. To Replace B\," Dia. Headed Bolts Headed Bolts 1.26 1.00 0.87 0.62 0.75 0.53 0.62 0.43 0.76 0.53
871 1100 1568 1685 1005 905 905
MAS
BEARING PLATES REQUIRED FOR UPLIFT (MODEL LBPSZ OR LBPSZ)
1. Allowable loads based on a 2x6 Southern Pine sill. 2. Concrete shall have a minimum f'c = 2,500 psi. 3. 3-inch square washer required on sill anchor bolts that resist uplift forces. 4. Minimum embedment of Titen HD anchor into concrete is 3B\," for Z\x" THD and 4Z\," for B\," THD.
TITEN HD Anchor
Example:
From pages 2 (Table 2.3 for uplift), 8 (Table 8.1 for Lateral), 16 (Example for shear on sidewalls), and 17 (Example for shear on endwalls), the unit forces at the foundation based on the building criteria on page 1 are tabulated below:
Sidewall Uplift
Endwall Shear 5833 lbs./50 ft. = 117 plf Uplift Lateral (157 + 132)/2 = 145 plf Shear 10,744 lbs./36 ft. = 298 plf
Lateral (157 + 132)/2 = 145 plf
244 plf
Dividing the MASZ allowable loads by the unit design loads and converting to inches results in the following spacing requirements:
Sidewall Uplift 1005 lbs./244plf = 49 in. O.C. Lateral 575lbs./145plf = 48 in. O.C. Shear 815 lbs./117 plf = 84 in. O.C. Uplift Lateral 575 lbs./145 plf = 48 in. O.C. Endwall Shear 815 lbs./298 plf = 33 in. O.C.
The worst case combination of simultaneous loading on the sidewall is uplift and lateral (refer to page 6 for additional information on simultaneous loading). The respective spacing requirements are 1 connector per 49 in. and 1 per 48 in. The spacing to resist both forces simultaneously is 1/49 + 1/48 = 1/24: Use one MASZ every 24 in. O.C. in each sidewall. Note this method of calculations does satisfy the unity equation previously discussed. The worst case loading on the endwall results in the MASZ spaced at 33 in. O.C. in each endwall.
ROOF GIRDER TIE DOWN

Roof girder beams and trusses typically have higher uplift forces than common roof framing members. Large concentrated uplift loads must be transferred through a continuous load path to the foundation. For connector options to resist these higher loads, refer to our current High Wind catalog.
Typical VGT Double Installation with HDU4s
TECHNICAL BULLETIN
HIGH WIND DESIGN WORKSHEET FOR UPLIFT AND SHEAR

Page 20 of 24
building Parameters:
Basic Wind Speed .......................... Wind Exposure Category ............... Roof Span (Width) ......................... Sidewall Length ............................. First Story Wall Height ................... Second Story Wall Height .............. Roof Pitch ...................................... Mean Roof Height .......................... Rafter/Truss Spacing...................... Stud Spacing ................................. Rake Overhang Length................... Rake Outlooker Spacing.................
MRH
E N D WA
LL
SIDEWAL
L
Uplift Loads:
Rafter Uplift from Table 2.1 or 3.1 ................................................................................... Uplift in Each Top Story Wall Stud from Table 2.1 or 3.1 ................................................ Uplift at Each End of a ft (length) Header in Top Story Wall (12" O.C. spacing value from Table 2.1 or 3.1 multiplied by of the header length) ..... Uplift in Each Top Story Wall Stud to Framing (or Foundation) Below from Table 2.2 or 3.2 ............................................................................................ Uplift at Each End of a ft (length) Header in 1st Story Wall of 2-Story Structure (12" O.C. spacing value from Table 2.2 or 3.2 multiplied by of the header length) ..... Uplift in Each 1st Story Wall Stud of 2-Story Structure to Foundation from Table 2.3 or 3.3 ................................................................................................................ Roof Sheathing Fastening in Zone 1 from Table 7.2 ........................................................ Roof Sheathing Fastening in Zone 2 from Table 7.2 ........................................................ Roof Sheathing Fastening in Zone 3 from Table 7.2 ........................................................
Uplift at Outlooker to Wall Below from Table 3.4 .............................................................
Wind Parallel to the Ridge:

Shear Force at Roof System, FROOF from Table 10.1 ..................................................... Shear Force Applied to the Top of Each (Front & Back) Top Story Sidewall (FROOF/2) .. Shear Force at 2nd Story Floor System, FFLOOR from Table 10.1 .................................. Shear Force Applied to the Top of Each (Front & Back) Sidewall in 1st Story of 2-Story [(FROOF + FFLOOR)/2] ....................................................................................................
F F
ROO
F
FR O O F )/ 2
FLO
OR
Roof
Span
FF L O O R )/ 2 FR O O F +
Sidew
all Len
gth
Wind Perpendicular to the Ridge:

Shear Force at Roof System, FROOF from Tables on page 11 ......................................... Shear Force Applied to the Top of Each (Left & Right) Top Story Endwall (FROOF/2) .... Shear Force at 2nd Story Floor System, FFLOOR from Tables on page 11...................... Shear Force Applied to the Top of Each (Left & Right) Endwall in 1st Story of 2-Story [(FROOF + FFLOOR)/2] ....................................................................................................
(FROOF)/2
(FROOF + FFLOOR
gth Len wall Side
FROOF FFLOOR
)/2
Ro o f Sp an
TECHNICAL BULLETIN

Page 21 of 24
MRH
E N D WA
LL
SIDEWAL
L
Uplift Loads:
Rafter Uplift from Table 2.1 or 3.1 ................................................................................... Uplift in Each Top Story Wall Stud from Table 2.1 or 3.1 ................................................ Uplift at Each End of a ft (length) Header in Top Story Wall (12" O.C. spacing value from Table 2.1 or 3.1 multiplied by of the header length) ..... Uplift in Each Top Story Wall Stud to Framing (or Foundation) Below from Table 2.2 or 3.2 ............................................................................................ Uplift at Each End of a ft (length) Header in 1st Story Wall of 2-Story Structure (12" O.C. spacing value from Table 2.2 or 3.2 multiplied by of the header length) ..... Uplift in Each 1st Story Wall Stud of 2-Story Structure to Foundation from Table 2.3 or 3.3 ................................................................................................................
Uplift at Outlooker to Wall Below from Table 3.4 ............................................................. Roof Sheathing Fastening in Zone 1 from Table 7.2 ........................................................ Roof Sheathing Fastening in Zone 2 from Table 7.2 ........................................................ Roof Sheathing Fastening in Zone 3 from Table 7.2 ........................................................

F F
ROO
F
FR O O F )/ 2
FLO
OR
Roof
Span
Sidew
all Len
gth

(FROOF)/2
(FROOF + FFLOOR
gth Len wall Side
FROOF FFLOOR
)/2
Ro o f Sp an
TECHNICAL BULLETIN

Page 22 of 24
MRH
E N D WA
LL
SIDEWAL
L
Uplift Loads:
Rafter Uplift from Table 2.1 or 3.1 ................................................................................... Uplift in Each Top Story Wall Stud from Table 2.1 or 3.1 ................................................ Uplift at Each End of a ft (length) Header in Top Story Wall (12" O.C. spacing value from Table 2.1 or 3.1 multiplied by of the header length) ..... Uplift in Each Top Story Wall Stud to Framing (or Foundation) Below from Table 2.2 or 3.2 ............................................................................................ Uplift at Each End of a ft (length) Header in 1st Story Wall of 2-Story Structure (12" O.C. spacing value from Table 2.2 or 3.2 multiplied by of the header length) ..... Uplift in Each 1st Story Wall Stud of 2-Story Structure to Foundation from Table 2.3 or 3.3 ................................................................................................................ Roof Sheathing Fastening in Zone 1 from Table 7.2 ........................................................ Roof Sheathing Fastening in Zone 2 from Table 7.2 ........................................................ Roof Sheathing Fastening in Zone 3 from Table 7.2 ........................................................
Uplift at Outlooker to Wall Below from Table 3.4 .............................................................

F F
ROO
F
FR O O F )/ 2
FLO
OR
Roof
Span
Sidew
all Len
gth

(FROOF)/2
(FROOF + FFLOOR
gth Len wall Side
FROOF FFLOOR
)/2
Ro o f Sp an
TECHNICAL BULLETIN

Page 23 of 24
MRH
E N D WA
LL
SIDEWAL
L
Uplift Loads:
Rafter Uplift from Table 2.1 or 3.1 ................................................................................... Uplift in Each Top Story Wall Stud from Table 2.1 or 3.1 ................................................ Uplift at Each End of a ft (length) Header in Top Story Wall (12" O.C. spacing value from Table 2.1 or 3.1 multiplied by of the header length) ..... Uplift in Each Top Story Wall Stud to Framing (or Foundation) Below from Table 2.2 or 3.2 ............................................................................................ Uplift at Each End of a ft (length) Header in 1st Story Wall of 2-Story Structure (12" O.C. spacing value from Table 2.2 or 3.2 multiplied by of the header length) ..... Uplift in Each 1st Story Wall Stud of 2-Story Structure to Foundation from Table 2.3 or 3.3 ................................................................................................................
Uplift at Outlooker to Wall Below from Table 3.4 ............................................................. Roof Sheathing Fastening in Zone 1 from Table 7.2 ........................................................ Roof Sheathing Fastening in Zone 2 from Table 7.2 ........................................................ Roof Sheathing Fastening in Zone 3 from Table 7.2 ........................................................

F F
ROO
F
FR O O F )/ 2
FLO
OR
Roof
Span
Sidew
all Len
gth

(FROOF)/2
(FROOF + FFLOOR
gth Len wall Side
FROOF FFLOOR
)/2
Ro o f Sp an
TECHNICAL BULLETIN
TECHNICAL PUbLICATIONS
Page 24 of 24 Wood Construction Connectors Includes specifications and installation instructions on wood-to-wood and woodto-concrete structural connectors. Includes load tables and material specifications. Anchoring and Fastening Systems for Concrete and Masonry* Includes application information, specifications and load values for adhesive and mechanical anchors, P.A.T. and carbide drill bits.
*Available in English and Spanish versions.
Deck Framing Connection Guide Developed for deck building professionals and general contractors to help explain products and techniques used in designing and constructing residential decks. Simpson Strong-Tie Anchor Systems for Simpson Strong-Tie Connectors Catalog Simpson Anchor Systems specifications with our connector line. Should be used in conjunction with the current connector and anchor systems catalogs. High Wind Framing Connection Guide Developed for designers and engineers as a companion to the AF and PA Wood Frame Construction Manual. Simpson Strong-Tie CD-ROM Our CD-ROM features our latest catalogs, fliers, technical bulletins, code reports, product list prices, UPC information, and the Simpson Connector Selector program. It also includes the Drawing Library. In addition to the publications shown above, Simpson Strong-Tie maintains an extensive library of literature, providing information on a wide variety of subjects. You can access the library by visiting www.strongtie.com/techbulletins or you can call 800-999-5099 and have publications mailed to you.
Anchor Tiedown Systems This system is designed to provide the over-turning holdown capacity for multi-story commercial buildings. This holdown application is easy to specify, install and inspect. Strong-Wall Shearwalls All the information on our Strong-Wall shearwalls is now in one easy to use catalog: technical data, installation information, structural details and more. The catalog also features new solutions for two-story and balloon frame applications as well as an extensive section on braced frame requirements under the various building codes. Cold-Formed Steel Connectors Catalog 30 products have been developed and tested using screw fasteners to obtain actual load values. Includes installation requirements and illustrations.
We post our catalogs on www.strongtie.com. Please visit our site, and sign up for any information updates. Allowable loads in this catalog are for the described specific applications of properlyinstalled products. Product modifications, improper loading or installation procedures, or deviations from recommended applications will affect connector allowable load-carrying capacities.
SOFTWARE
Simpson Strong-Tie offers three software programs to simplify product selection and specification. Each of these programs is available on CD ROM or for free download at www.strongtie.com. Connector Selector The Connector Selector finds the products that are appropriate for your connection and sorts them by lowest installed cost. Solutions are available for a wide variety of applications using solid sawn lumber, engineered wood and structural composite lumber, glulam beams and wood trusses. Available in U.S. (Allowable Stress Design) and Canadian (Limit States Design) versions. Strong-Wall Selector The Strong-Wall Selector helps specifiers choose a lateral force resisting system using Wood or Steel Strong-Wall Shearwalls. Optimized or Manual input provides the most cost effective solution or allows designers to choose and check whether any type and number of walls satisfy the shear load requirements. ATS Selector The ATS Selector recommends the correct ATS system components based upon load requirements and building code options input by the designer. It can also recommend the corresponding compression post designs. Resulting calculations can be printed and AutoCAD drawings can be inserted into plans. For assistance specifying post-installed anchors for concrete and masonry, visit www.simpsonanchors.com to download the Anchor Designer software. Two versions are available for allowable stress design and ultimate strength design, including cracked concrete.
This technical bulletin is effective until January 31, 2011, and reflects information available as of September 1, 2008. This information is updated periodically and should not be relied upon after January 31, 2011; contact Simpson Strong-Tie for current information and limited warranty or see www.strongtie.com.
2008 Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. P.O. Box 10789, Pleasanton, CA 94588
T-01WFCM08 9/08 exp. 1/11 6/12
800-999-5099 www.strongtie.com

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T-01WFCM08 9/08 exp. 1/11

UPLIFT LOADS, EXPOSURE b

Table 2.1 or 3.1 for uplift loads in this region

Table 2.1 or 3.1 for uplift loads in this region

2008 Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. T-01WFCM08 9/08

Table 2.3 or 3.3

Table 2.2 or 3.2

UPLIFT LOADS, EXPOSURE C

2008 Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. T-01WFCM08 9/08

UPLIFT LOADS: RAKE OVERHANG

Table 3.4: Outlooker Uplift Connections (lbs)

UPLIFT CONNECTORS: ROOF-TO-WALL

WFCM Table 3.4B Comparison 3 4 4 4 8 7 8 7 7 8

Table 4.2: Top Plate to Stud Connectors

WFCM Table 3.4B Comparison 3 4 4 6 7 8 8

Min 1 " end distance to top of stud

(4) 10dx1 " nails each side of stud

2008 Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. T-01WFCM08 9/08

UPLIFT CONNECTORS: WALL-TO-WALL, WALL-TO-FLOOR

Table 5.1: Stud to Stud/Rim Connectors

2008 Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. T-01WFCM08 9/08

FSC MTS 2 HDU with threaded rod

Clear span Cut length

Table 5.2: Rim Board to Sill Connectors

UPLIFT CONNECTORS: HEADERS

Jack and king studs fastened together to transfer uplift forces

TITEN HD Rod Coupler (see page 13)

2008 Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. T-01WFCM08 9/08

UPLIFT FASTENERS: ROOF SHEATHING

Table 7.1: Wind Suction Pressures

130 31.2 60.4 78.9 98.0

2008 Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. T-01WFCM08 9/08

LATERAL LOADS: WFCM TAbLE 2.1

Table 8.1: Lateral Load at Stud-to-Plate, Plate-to-Roof, Plate-to-Floor (lbs)

Window Header/Sill Example::

2008 Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. T-01WFCM08 9/08

LATERAL LOAD CONNECTIONS: STUDS, RAFTERS, JOISTS, HEADERS & SILLS

Table 9.1: Lateral Connectors

Gable Endwall Framing

Table 9.2: Lateral Shear Strength of Common Nailing Applications (lbs)

SHEAR LOAD: WIND PARALLEL TO RIDGE

Table 10.1: Diaphragm Loads: Wind Parallel To Ridge

SHEAR LOADS: PERPENDICULAR TO RIDGE

Table 11.1: 90 mph Diaphragm Loads: Wind Perpendicular To Ridge

Table 11.2: 100 mph Diaphragm Loads: Wind Perpendicular To Ridge

Table 11.3: 110 mph Diaphragm Loads: Wind Perpendicular To Ridge

2008 Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. T-01WFCM08 9/08

Table 11.4: 120 mph Diaphragm Loads: Wind Perpendicular To Ridge

Table 11.5: 130 mph Diaphragm Loads: Wind Perpendicular To Ridge

ER OR OTH R FE TRANS SHEAR NNECTORS CO

Methods for Addressing Shearwall Plan Offsets Greater than 4'

Option #2 Inscribed Structure

2008 Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. T-01WFCM08 9/08

SHEARWALL HOLDOWN CONNECTORS

END POST DBL 2x MIN, SEE FOOTNOTE 1

HOLDOWN ANCHOR DIAMETER COUPLER NUT

Nailed Portion Nails Min. 1" End Dist.

ANCHOR ROD DIAMETER

an Clear Sp . 17" Max

30" Min. Rebar Length