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Directions for Qs. 1 - 4: In each question, a pair of words is given in capitals, followed by four options, choose the one which best expresses the relationship similar to that expressed by the words in capitals. 1. PUGNACIOUS : BATTLE 1. 3. 2. timorous : beg tenacious : persist 2. 4. loquacious : drink veracious : lie

CLEARSIGHTED : PERSPICACITY 1. 3. daring : temerity transparent : opacity 2. 4. reserved : impulsiveness severe : clemency

3.

PLEAD : SUPPLIANT 1. 3. disperse : rioter revere : cider 2. 4. shun : outcast translate : interpreter

4.

EPIGRAM : PITHY 1. 3. allegory : lengthy anecdote : humorous 2. 4. saga : heroic proverb : modem

Directions for Qs. 5-7 : In each question, a word is given in capitals, followed by four sentences, each with a blank. Mark the option as your answer which indicates the number of blanks, the word in capitals, correct fills in. 5. DARN A. B. C. D. 1. 6. We start working pretty __________early. Let's have a __________ good party. Ok, I admit it, it was me. But__________it, I was right. She __________a sly sideways glance at Shruti. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4

FIDDLE A. B. C. D. 1. Sudha __________with a pen on the desk. Brenda __________in her seat. She told Paritosh that his portrait of her was finished and to stop __________with it. She hated the thought of playing second __________to Sushmita. 1 2. 2. 3. 3 4. 4

7.

LITTER A. B. C. D. 1. If you __________in the corridor, pick it up. The truck pulled out of the lot, its__________unnerving against the down. History is __________with men and women spurred into achievement by a father's disregard. He pushed aside the__________of books and papers and laid two places at the table. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4

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Directions for Qs. 8 - 12 : In each of the following sentences, part of the sentence is underlined, followed by four alternatives of phrasing the underlined part. Choose the one that is grammatically the best alternative. 8. As the message of the freedom struggle could not be spread over the government controlled radio, it effectively was carried to the masses by the press. 1. 2. 3. 4. 9. it was carried by the press to the effective masses. it was effectively carried to the masses by the press. it was carried by the press for the effective masses. it was carried to the effective masses by the press.

The new draft legislation seeks to ensure that some of the profits from the commercialisation of biodiversity goes to the knowhow actually possessed by local communities. 1. 2. 3. 4. goes to the local communities that possess the knowhow actually. goes to the actual communities who possess the local knowhow. actually goes to the communities that possess the knowhow locally. goes to the local communities that actually possess the knowhow.

10.

The rapid fall in birthrate achieved by China over the 1980s is placing a retiring strain on many old workers who must retire now from the work force. 1. 2. 3. 4. is placing many old workers who must retire as a strain on the work force. places a strain on the old workers as they retire from the work force. is placing a strain on the work force now, as many old workers retire. is placing many old workers on a strain as they must retire from the work force.

11.

A recently carried out meta-analysis of two decades of published research does not suggest that there should be an association between coffee drinking and coronary ailments. 1. 2. 3. 4. shows that coffee drinking should not be suggested to have an association with coronary ailments. suggests that there is no association between coffee drinking and coronary ailments. suggests for no association between coffee drinking and coronary ailments. any association between coffee drinking should not be suggested to have an association with coronary ailments.

12.

In relation to the forthcoming parliamentary election, the EC clarified that as no legislation had been formulated, there was no question of raising the official ceiling on election expenses of candidates. 1. 2. 3. 4. no question of raising the official ceiling on election expenses of candidates. raising the ceiling on official election expenses of candidates could not be questioned. no question being raised regarding the official ceiling on election expenses of candidates. the official ceiling on election expenses of candidates should be raised, there is no question.

Directions for Qs. 13 - 17 : In each question below, five sentence/statements are given, followed by four sequence options. Choose the one which forms the most coherent paragraph. 13. A. B. C. D. E. 1. As a result, Derrida was adulated by feminists, gay activists and other marginalized groups which applied his theories to show up discrimination and racial and sexist biases in accepted texts and ideas. The Cornerstone of Derrida's work, continued to be the theory of deconstruction through which he attempted to show that language is constantly shifting and that a text has multiple legitimate interpretations. This led to a rereading of texts by Shakespeare or the Greek philosophers which unraveled hidden biases and contradictions. His concept found wide acceptance, particularly in the United States, and was applied to a broad range of subjects including literary theory, linguistics, art, music and political science. There could therefore be no absolutes in terms of truth, meaning or permanence. BDEAC 2. BCDAE 3. BEDCA 4. BADEC

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14.

A.

These emerged from their cocooned existence in the 1940s and early 1950s into an intensely competitive environment where the mounting pile of dead titles was a constant reminder to publishers of the consequences of failing to adjust to change. Editors of popular papers became acutely aware that they were swimming against the market tide. Underlying this slide were three key trends: a reduction in the number of households buying more than one paper in response to newspaper's increased size and cost, a slow decline in the proportion of adults reading national paper after 1967 and the modest growth of quality papers at the expense of the popular press. The commercial pressures reshaping The Daily Herald and The Daily Mirror affected popular papers more generally. The decline of circulation that began in the 1950s continued in a seemingly remorseless way, with a temporary recovery of popular newspaper sales only in the late 1970s and early 1990s. DAECB 2. DCABE 3. DABCE 4. DCEBA

B. C.

D. E. 1. 15. A. B. C. D.

However, it seems unlikely that legal aid already subject to recurrent cuts would in fact be available for civil action over privacy. One remedy which has won increasing support is the introduction of a new law that would enable people to sue newspapers for unjustified breaches of privacy. Of course, in principle, a privacy law could be hedged about with public interest safeguards, and legal aid could be made available where appropriate. It is also not clear that politicians who have been on the receiving end of a press assault on their personal morality and professional probity of ferocity unprecedented in the last half century, would in fact draw the balance between privacy and public interest in an acceptably libertarian way. However, this could inhibit critical scrutiny of the powerful without offering adequate protection to ordinary members of the public, many of whom are likely to be deterred by the cost of litigation from seeking redress. BCADE 2. BECAD 3. BDCAE 4. BAEDC

E. 1. 16. A. B. C.

A person's standing in the group will have a great influence on how closely he or she must adhere to established norms. Depending on the domain to which they refer and the person's position in the group, the range of acceptable behaviours called the 'latitude of acceptance' may be quite broad or very narrowly defined indeed. Thus, while in many communities there may be some latitude regarding such matters as clothing, appearance and personal eccentricities, on such antisocial behaviours as theft or physical assault which threaten the viability of the group, the limits of acceptability are finely drawn. General norms and norms that refer to peripheral aspects of group life will have wide tolerance, while on issues that are central to the group's existence, or that concern one's loyalty to the group, the bounds of acceptable behaviour will be quite restrictive. It should not be thought that norms always prescribe exactly how group members should behave. ADCBE 2. ABCDE 3. DCABE 4. EBDCA

D.

E. 1. 17. A. B.

Initially the raid provoked little reaction, but within an hour the police began to be pelted with bricks from onlookers. Further attempts by still more police to disperse this crowd and to rescue their abandoned vehicles and colleagues were unsuccessful and later that evening police cars and other vehicles were set on fire and some shop and bank windows were smashed. Police reinforcements-around thirty or forty officers-were summoned to the scene but by now the situation had escalated and a large crowd of several hundred people had gathered. On a spring afternoon in 1980 a working-class area in the centre of Bristol, with little previous history of unrest suddenly erupted into violence. This 'riot', as it was later dubbed by media commentators, was occasioned by a police raid on a local cafe, ostensibly to investigate allegations of illegal substance use. DEACB 2. DACBE 3. ABECD 4. DCBAE

C. D. E. 1.

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Directions for Qs. 18 - 21: Choose the option which correctly classifies the four sentences/statements as F: J: I: 18. A. B. C. D. 1. 19. A. B. C. D. 1. 20. A. B. C. D. 1. 21. A. B. C. D. 1. Facts Judgement Inference if it relates to a known matter of direct observation, or an existing reality, or something known to be true, if it is an opinion or anticipation of common sense or intention. if it is a logical conclusion of something, based on the knowledge of facts.

Unlike old soldiers, Indian tycoons rarely fade way. It did, over the next 23 years, Infosys became a billion-dollar company. Foreign firms such as IBM, Microsoft and SAP are pouring money into their Indian ventures. Mr Murthy is not going into obscurity. IFFJ 2. JFFJ 3. IFFI 4. JFIJ

After years of hesitation, serious discussions about reform are under way. Even under the existing rules, the size of the market has attracted foreign investment. They believe it keeps premium lower than it otherwise would be. Elsewhere in the industry in America, there are other calls for reform. IIJF 2. IFJF 3. FIJF 4. FFJF

All of this reads like a list of reasons for gloom about India. And the Indian civil service, like bureaucracies everywhere, is a dept. at resisting reform. Spreading those lessons should not be beyond the world's biggest democracy. The shortcomings of the public sector are evident in almost all its functions. JJJI 2. JJII 3. JIlI 4. JJJF

Yet today, Germany is one of the most dance-obsessed nations on earth. In Germany, however, the story of ballet is wholly fragmented. The opposite of speaking is not to speak: that is, to move. The festival, which began in 1988, has been run since 2004 by Andre Theriault. FIIF 2. IJIF 3. FJIF 4. JJIF

Directions for Qs. 22 - 27 : Read the passages given below and answer the questions that follow. PASSAGE-1 In the wake of the aggressive campaign against Napster, in the name of intellectual property rights, the record industry more precisely the Big 5 labels (BMG, Warner, Universal, Sony, EMI), along with the IFPI (international Federation of the Phonograph Industry), National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (NARAS), Latin Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (LARAS), and Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)--is on the attack worldwide against CD pirates. The IFPI estimates that, in the year 2000, one in every three CDs purchased throughout the world was pirated (IFPI 2001). That adds up to more than 1.8 billion units! If this were not such a serious issue, their position might be laughable as the record industry uses the media to cry foul and plead for public support after years of raking artists and consumers over the financial coals. Just last year, the major labels were cited for using pressure tactics against music retailers to keep the cost of CDs higher than necessary. The Federal Trade Commission ruled that the record companies have violated fair trade practices by intimidating store owners into not advertising CDs below a certain price, leading to antitrust suits being filed by 28 of the 50 United States against the Big 5 ("Musicland"). These practices have added more than $500 million to CD prices since 1997! In 2001, after an article in the Los Angeles Times shed light on an all-but-forgotten tactic used by the industry to control airplay-payola-yet another example of the record companies' unfair and unethical trade practices was revealed to the public. Subsequently, the Federal Communications Commission and the Justice Department launched an in-depth investigation into the allegations of payola between independent promoters and radio stations. With such a history of unfairness and one-sided contract negotiations with artists, greed, the lust for power, price gouging, and price fixing, the industry has worked hard to earn its unfavorable reputation. 4 | PHASE II : VERBAL CLASS SHEET-05 ww w. pf in di a. co m

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Now let us consider this coercive industry in control of a universal entity, such as a global music market, with fixed pricing structures applied unilaterally across the board. This raises some complicated issues of how the concept is applied across a variety of nations all with extremely differing economic, cultural, and social realities. W ith the United States holding the lion's share of the world music market at 37 percent (IFPI 2000), it has assumed the position of enforcing policies and standards that in many countries are economically unrealistic. The unilateral imposition of these standards upon nations throughout the world is no less than a form of neocolonialism and economic oppression. Unfair price fixing and unilateral policies cause financial hardships for members of the underclasses wishing to consume the product. In Latin America, where music holds such an intrinsic role in cultural expression, purchasing the product at suggested list price is simply impossible for the majority. The idea of a global music market is not a new concept. The international music market has existed for nearly a century. And the record industry has always held control of production and distribution. The world's music consumers were simply forced to pay whatever price was placed on the product. With the adoption en masse of the cassette recorder in the 1970s and CD technology in the 1980s, the playing field began to change. By the mid-1990s, CD technology had advanced to the point where CD burners were coming as standard equipment in personal computers and standalone duplicators were in every stereo store. For lie first time in the history of the music industry, consumers could now actually dabble in production. And through Internet file-sharing applications, the consumer could now also achieve a certain amount of distribution that was previously unavailable. With this shifting terrain, the record industry began to feel its stranglehold on consumer music habits being threatened. So, using the defence of intellectual property rights as their battle flag, IFPI, NARAS, LARAS, and the RIAA have all banded together to "stamp out" music piracy on a global level. Thus far they have been successful in getting the Administration to issue laws covering the new media of Internet music (No Electronic Theft Act, NET) and other laws that are falling in favour of major record labels and their traditional distribution conglomerates. They are currently seeking the administration to apply political and perhaps economic pressure if necessary on nations where piracy is rampant. From an ethnomusicological perspective, this intercultural dynamic raise some very interesting issue of power structures, ethics, and the relation between greed and poverty. In a wash of articles surfacing recently in the newspapers of the world, and in publications by the IFPI, record companies are crying foul and posing as normally benevolent companies falling victim to a technologically changing world. They complain about the increased sale of CD burners, and the quantity of CD-Rs in circulation, but receive a surcharge of and $12 from each CD burner sold and a 2 percent surcharge from the sale of each CD-R. In 1994, these surchar exceeded $34 million, and every artist with whom I spoke never received any payments from these fees. The Industry argues for the protection of their artists' intellectual property rights, rights that they control, and in most cases have wrested away from their rightful owner, the artist. In a guest column on the NARAS website, posted by Miles Copeland, he gives a pathetic plea for a reassessment of the public image of the record industry. Citing a per CD cost of $45 again wholesale selling price of $10, Copeland paints the record industry as having been unfairly labelled greedy. From a purely business perspective, anyone running a record label that consistently loses $5 per CD should most likely consider a career change. But it doesn't stop there. 22. Which of the following questions can be inferred to be central to the passage? 1. 2. 3. 4. 23. Why are the Big 5 crying foul? Are music companies the victims of technology? Is there a global music market Who are the pirates of the music world?

Why does the author feel that position of the record industry might be laughable? 1. 2. 3. 4. They are mighty force as compared to the public who are helpless They expect support from the public after taking them for a ride for years. The politics of piracy, poverty and greed in the globalized music market is overwhelming They ensure that the prices of CDs and cassettes are much higher than what can be justified

24.

The hypocrisy of the music companies is evident from A. B. C. D. 1. their pose as victims of technology while making fortune from the sale of CD burners and CDRs. their pretense to protect intellectual property rights which appropriating the same from the artists their claim of a one-third loss on every CD sold their demand for a fixed price structure in all the countries of the world. Only A 2. A and B 3. A, B and C 4. A, B, C and D

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25.

Which of the following set of words used in the passage reflect the author's merciless criticism the music industry 1. 3. Pirated, tactics, crying foul. Unfair, unethical, unfavourable. 2. 4. Aggressive, allegations, unilateral. Banded, intimidated, stranglehold.

26.

The author mentions 'payola 1. 2. 3. 4. as he looks back nostalgically to a past when the music companies called the shots. to show that the practices of the music companies have been seamy and crooked for a long time. to show that the market is like a see-saw favouring one party today, another tomorrow. to show that the Big 5 have always enjoyed an advantage over other companies.

27.

Which of the following led to the change in the playing field? 1. 2. 3. 4. Technology becoming popular and coming within the reach of many. The invention of cassettes and CD burners. The music industry seeking the same price structure in developing countries as in the West. A general awakening to the need to protect intellectual property rights. PASSAGE-2

Describing an applied science that seeks to improve the genetic heritage of the human race, the term eugenics also refers to a social movement that seeks to popularise the principles and practices of the science. The word was adapted from the Greek in the late nineteenth century by the English scientist, Francis Galton. Prior to its advocacy by the Nazis in the 1930s, the idea of eugenics enjoyed widespread support in liberal as well as conservative circles in many countries. This reflected a complex mix of influences and concerns. In part, it reflected the growth of rationalist thought and the growing interest in social engineering. It also reflected an awareness that certain forms of social disability had a hereditary basis. And, finally, it reflected the influence of racialist theories. In the early decades of the century, proponents of eugenics focused their concern on the costs to society of mental retardation and illness and moral degeneracy. This led to the advocacy of sterilisation as a means of preventing the carriers of such traits from transmitting them to future "generations" In the United States, more than 60,000 individuals were sterilized under state laws providing for compulsory sterilisation of the mentally ill and retarded. In Nazi Germany, a system of special eugenics health courts ordered the sterilisation of more than half a million individuals who were judged to be suffering from physical deformities, mental retardation, schizophrenia, epilepsy and other illnesses. Because the science of genetics was barely in its infancy at the time, and because racialist theories seemed self-evidently true to many advocates of eugenics, racial and ethnic minorities were disproportionately targeted for sterilization. Following revelations of the enormity of the crimes committed under the influence of Nazi ideology, racialist theories were repudiated by most Western intellectuals, and the eugenics movement, because of its association with those theories, went into eclipse. Compulsory sterilisation laws were repealed and efforts to improve the human race by application of the principle of selective breeding all but abandoned. Such laws are operative today only in a few isolated areas, as, for example, in parts of China. Despite the demise of the eugenics movement in its original form, efforts to improve the genetic heritage of the human race have begun anew in a radically different form. During the second half of the twentieth century, the science of genetics has made extraordinary advances, and one consequence of this is that many serious human diseases have been shown to be genetically transmitted (for instance, diabetes and sickle cell anemia). Couples at risk are now encouraged to undergo genetic screening and to consider the possibility of remaining childless or to abort a foetus diagnosed as having a serious genetic defect. Comparing the older and newer phases of the eugenics movement, one sees a shift from involuntary to voluntary actions by the individuals affected, and from a concern with poorly understood mental disabilities to a limited set of clearly understood physical disabilities. Because of these changes, public support for the new eugenics movement has increased in recent years, but many remain cautious, and some are actively hostile to all efforts to alter the genetic heritage of our species. 28. The eugenics movement now 1. 3. is experiencing a second lease of life. elicits mixed response from the public. 2. 4. is completely abandoned and has no advocates. condemns enforced sterilisation.

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29.

The practice of sterilisation was 1. 2. 3. 4. advocated by the proponents of eugenics. adopted since the heredity aspect of various illnesses had been proved. responsible for the tarnished image of the Nazi ideology. seen as a way to reduce the burden on society because of problems like mental retardation.

30.

The field of eugenics as an applied-science enjoyed social sanction 1. 2. 3. 4. till the Nazis patronized it which led to its misuse. in sports as and when new inroads were made in genetic engineering. in its unadulterated and original form. as long as the economic implications of physical and mental disabilities were not felt by society.

31.

Which of the following statements is not true, as per the passage? 1. 2. 3. 4. The atrocities committed under the Nazi regime pushed the eugenics movement further into degeneration. Eugenics aims to improve the genetic heritage of human race. Nazis supported Eugenics during the 1930s. In spite of the recent advances in the field of genetic engineering, sterilisation is still being enforced all over the world. PASSAGE-3

Welcome. And congratulations. I am delighted that you could make it. Getting here wasn't easy, I know. In fact, I suspect it was a little tougher than you realize. To begin with, for you to be here now trillions of drifting atoms had somehow to assemble in an intricate and curiously obliging manner to create you. It's an arrangement so specialized and particular that it has never been tried before and will only exist this once. For the next many years (we hope) these tiny particles will uncomplainingly engage in all the billions of deft, co-operative efforts necessary to keep you intact and let you experience the supremely agreeable but generally underappreciated state known as existence. Why atoms take this trouble is a bit of a puzzle. Being you is not a gratifying experience at the atomic level. For all their devoted attention, your atoms don't actually care about you-indeed don't even know that you are there. They don't even know that they are there. They are mindless particles, after all, and not even themselves alive. (It is a slightly arresting notion that if you were to pick yourself apart with tweezers, one atom at a time, you would produce a mound of fine atomic dust, none of which had ever been alive but all of which had once been you. Yet somehow for the period of your existence they will answer to a single rigid impulse: to keep you. The bad news is that atoms are fickle and their time of devotion is fleeting-fleeting indeed. Even a long human life adds up to only about 650,000 hours. And when that modest milestone flashes into view, or at some other point thereabouts, for reasons unknown your atoms will close you down, then silently disassemble and go off to be other things. And that's it for you. Still, you may rejoice that it happens at all. Generally speaking in the universe it doesn't so far as we can tell. This is decidedly odd because the atoms that so liberally and congenially flock together to form living things on Earth are exactly the same atoms that decline to do it elsewhere. Whatever else it may be, at the level of chemistry, life is fantastically mundane: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, a little calcium, a dash of 'sulphur, a light dusting of other very ordinary pharmacy-and that's all you need. The only thing special about the atoms that makes you is that the make you That is, of course, the miracle of life. Whether or not atoms make life in other comers of the universe, they make plenty else; indeed, they make everything else. Without them there would be no water or air or rocks, no stars and planets, no distant gassy clouds or swirling nebulae or any of the other things that make the universe so agreeably material. Atoms are so numerous and necessary that we easily overlook that they needn't actually exist at all. There is no law that requires the universe to fill itself with small particles of matter or to produce light and gravity and the other properties on which our existence binges. There needn't actually be a universe at all. For a very long time there wasn't, There were no atoms and no universe for them to float about in. There was nothing-nothing at all anywhere. So thank goodness for atoms. But the fact that you have atoms, and that they assemble in such a willing manner is only part of what got you here. To be here now, alive in the twenty-first century and smart enough to know it, you also had to be the beneficiary of an extraordinary string of biological good fortune. Survival on Earth is a surprisingly tricky business. Of the billions and billions of species of living things that have existed since the dawn of time, most-99.99 per cent, it has been suggested-are no longer around. Life on Earth, you see, is not only brief but dismayingly tenuous. It is a curious feature of our existence that we come from a planet that is very good at promoting life but even better at extinguishing it.

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The average species on Earth lasts for only about four million years, so if you wish to be around for billions of years, you must be as fickle as the atoms that made you. You must be prepared to change everything about yourself-shape, size, colour, species affiliation, everything-and to do so repeatedly. That's much easier said than done, because the process of change is random. To get from 'protoplasmal primordial atomic globule' (as Gilbert and Sullivan put it) to sentient, upright modem human has required you to mutate new traits over and over in a precisely timed manner for an exceedingly long while. So at various periods over the last 3.8 billion years you have abhorred oxygen and then doted on it, grown fins and limbs and jaunty sails, laid eggs, flicked the air with a forked tongue, been sleek, been furry, lived underground, lived in trees, been as big as deer, as small as a mouse, and a million things more. The tiniest deviation from any of these evolutionary imperatives and you might now be licking algae from cave walls or lolling walrus-like on some stony shore or disgorging air through a blowhole in the top of your head before diving sixty feet for a mouthful of delicious sandworms. Not only have you been lucky enough to be attached since time immemorial to a favoured evolutionary line, but you have also been extremely make that miraculously fortunate in your personal ancestry. Consider the fact that for 3.8 billion years, a period of time older than the Earth's mountains and rivers and oceans, every one of your forebears on both sides has been attractive enough to find a mate, healthy enough to reproduce, and sufficiently blessed by fate And circumstances to live long enough to do so. Not one of your pertinent ancestors was squashed, devoured, drowned, starved, stuck fast, untimely wounded or otherwise deflected from its life's quest of delivering a tiny charge of genetic material to the right partner at the right moment to perpetuate the only possible sequence of hereditary combinations that could result eventually, astoundingly, and all too brieflyin you. 32. According to the passage, atoms are all of the following except that they 1. 3. 33. make up all the material things on earth. are lifeless specks. 2. 4. are the reasons for our being what we are. give life to living things.

The 'miracle of life', according to the passage, is that 1. 2. 3. 4. life comes into being from common elements that can be found at a chemist's. the very atoms that make life on earth don't do it elsewhere. it is made up of special atoms. the atoms that make you become something else when you cease to be.

34.

The words, 'it was a little tougher than you realize' is 1. 3. a statement of fact. a euphemism. 2. 4. an understatement. dispassionate.

35.

When the author says 'thank goodness for atoms' he means that 1. 3. life on earth is fortuitous. but for them there would be no life. 2. 4. you owe your life to a number of serendipities. atoms have worked painstakingly to bring life on earth,

36.

The author's reference to 'mutate new traits' is to 1. 2. 3. 4. draw our attention to the multifarious changes in life forms. tell us we are no different from other life forms. show how atoms are fickle. say the process of change is random.

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