Magnetic fields How can we determine the direction of a magnetic field with a freely-rotating magnet (such as a compass)?

Draw a diagram.

State how a magnetic field acts on: (a) the poles of a magnet (b) a charged particle in the field.

Direction and magnitude of magnetic force The angle between the velocity of a charged particle and the magnetic force acting on it is: What implications does this have?

The hand rule to find the direction of magnetic force is: What does each finger specifically represent?

The magnitude of the magnetic force on a moving charged particle is: The magnitude of the magnetic force on a current-carrying conductor is: In each case the angle to be measured is the angle between:

Questions: 1. A particle with charge 20nC is moving in a magnetic field of 0.1T with a speed of 5m/s. a. Suppose the angle its velocity makes with the magnetic field is 20. Find the magnitude of the magnetic force acting on it. b. What is the maximum magnetic force that acts on it? What is the minimum? 2. An electron is shot with kinetic energy 20eV into the region between two plates 10cm apart as shown in figure (a) below. How large must the magnetic field strength, B, be between the two plates if the electron is to avoid colliding with the opposite plate? Which way will its trajectory curve?

3. As shown in figure (b) above, a beam of charged particles enters a region where a downwards electric field with strength 80kV/m is crossed with a magnetic field of strength 0.4T going into the page. What speed must the particles have in order to not be deflected by the field? Does your answer depend on the charge of the particles? 4. A wire bearing a current of 10A lies perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field. It is found that the force per meter on the wire is 0.25N. Determine the magnetic field strength B. 5. A copper wire with length 1.2m and cross-sectional area 8cm2 carries a current of 0.8A perpendicular to a magnetic field with strength 0.06T. a. Calculate the total force on the wire. b. Given that the electron density in copper is 8 x 1028 electrons per m3, calculate: i. The total number of electrons present in the copper wire ii. The drift velocity they possess iii. The average magnetic force acting on a single electron due to its drift velocity Can you reproduce your answer to (a) from these quantities? 6. In a uniform magnetic field, the total force on a loop of current carrying wire is zero. Explain this statement from the point of view of: a. Flemings Left Hand Rule b. Conservation of energy Does the movement of coiled wires in motors disprove this statement?

Induced emf How can we use Flemings Left Hand rule to determine the direction of induced emf?

Magnetic flux is defined as: What are its units? Faradays Law concerns the ___________ of induced emf and states:

Lenzs Law concerns the ___________ of induced emf and states:

Some typical examples of change in magnetic flux:

Applications: 1. Back-emf in inductors and motors

2. Transformers (not robots in disguise)

Questions: 1. A (flat) loop of metal is coiled around itself three times to create a loop with area 40 cm2, and then placed in a magnetic field of strength 0.07T. What is the maximum magnetic flux through the loop? What is the minimum? 2. A metal rod makes contact with a partial circuit and completes the circuit as shown in figure (a) below. If the rod is moving with a constant speed of 2m/s, what is the induced emf in the circuit? Where does the energy gained by the electrons in the circuit come from? 3. An aluminum ring is placed around the projecting core of a powerful electromagnet, as shown in figure (b) above. When the circuit is closed the ring jumps up and then (with the circuit still closed) the ring falls back to its original position. Explain why this happens. Does it matter which way the electromagnet is wired (clockwise or counterclockwise)? 4. An iron magnet takes much longer to fall through a copper tube than an aluminum bar with the same dimensions and similar weight. Explain why. 5. A magnet falls through a solenoid across which a voltmeter is connected. Draw the emf observed in the circuit from before the magnet enters the top of the solenoid to after it exits the bottom. Comment on the energy changes that take place throughout.