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Compare the performance of HVDC transmission with that EHVAC system for transmitting bulk powers from point based on the following points. a) Economics of transmission b) Technical performance. With the help of neat schematic diagram explain the operation of 3-Phase, 6 Pulse, Graetzs circuit. Also estimate the following for the above converter circuit in terms of circuit parameters taking firing and overlap angles equal to zero. a) output inverse voltage b) Peak inverse voltage c) Peak to Peak ripple d) R.M.S current of the value e) Transformer volt ampere rating. a) State the various sources of harmonic generation in HVDC system and mention the adverse effects caused by these harmonics. b) Explain the design considerations of based-pass filter.

-----1.a) Discuss the economical and technical considerations of HVDC Transmission. b) What are the basic conversion principles of HVDC Transmission?
2.a) With the help of a neat circuit diagram, explain the functional operation of a 6 pulse bridge rectifier. Sketch the output wave form. b) Write notes on special features of a converter transformer. 3.a) What are the different harmonics generated on both AC and DC sides of a 6-pulse converter? b) Discuss various types of AC and DC harmonic filters. -------5.State the different firing control scheme, adopted for HVDC systems. Explain the operation of Equidistance pulse control scheme. 6. Obtain an expression for primary current of Y/Y and Y/ banks of 12-pulse converter transformer in terms of harmonic components and discuss the effect and on the magnitude of these harmonic currents. 7. Explain the working of band-pass and high pass filters used in HVDC systems. Explain the term detuning and state its importance in the design of filter for HVDC systems. 1.a) With the help of a schematic diagram discuss about the major components of a HVDC converter station. b) Explain the power handling capabilities of HVDC lines. 2.a) Derive the expression for DC voltage of a six pulse bridge converter, considering gate control and source reactance. b) Obtain the equivalent circuit for rectifier operation of a Graetz circuit. 3.a) Discuss about various types of AC filters that can be used for harmonic reduction.

b) Calculate AC harmonics of a 12-pulse converter using fourier analysis. Neglect overlap and assume that direct current is ripple free? 1.a) Give a comparison between EHV AC and HVDC systems on the basis of (i) Technical performance (ii) Economics of Reliability for transporting huge power over long distances. b) An existing 400 kv 3ph. Double circuit line rated for 1000 Mw is converted into 250 KV, D.C. bipolar line. Estimate the power loss in DC system if resistance of the line per conductor is 0.01 and operating at 0.9 pf. 2.a) Explain the reason for adopting 6 pulse bridge configuration for HVDC converters. Obtain the relation between Vdc and Eline when operating with a delay angle and overlap of . b) Why is a 12 pulse converter advantageous over 6 pulse converter? Obtain the expression for ripple for a 12 pulse converter. 3.a) Give the analysis of a six pulse converter with overlap with two and three valve conduction mode (i) 300 and 600. Sketch the corresponding voltage and current waveforms. b) How is power flow reversed in a Bridge Converter? 4.a) What is the effect of pulse number on the ripple in D.C. systems. b) For a 12 pulse converter (2 nos of 3ph 6 pulse converters is cascade) show that Average value current is 0.333 Id, P.I.V. of valve is 0.524 Vd and peak to peak ripple 3.5 % of Vd. 7.a) What are the typical filter arrangements used on (i) D.C. side and (ii) A.C. side of a converter system. b) Outline briefly the considerations and design aspects for tuned filters and High pass filters. 8. Write short notes on the following: a) Power factor and reactive power requirement in converter stations. b) Quadruple values for 12 pulse converters c) D.C. reactors. ---------------