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the HVAC system providing more air into the cleaner space than is mechanically
removed from that same space.
3. Maintain space moisture (Relative Humidity) - Humidity is controlled by cooling air
to dew point temperatures or by using desiccant dehumidifiers. Humidity can affect
the efficacy and stability of drugs and is sometimes important to effectively mould
the tablets.
4. Maintain space temperature - Temperature can affect production directly or
indirectly by fostering the growth of microbial contaminants on workers.
Each of above parameter is controlled and evaluated in light of its potential to impact
product quality.
Proper cleanroom design encompasses the entire air distribution system, including
provisions for adequate, downstream air returns. In vertical flow rooms, this means the use
of low wall air returns around the perimeter of the zone. In horizontal flow applications, it
requires the use of air returns at the downstream boundary of the process. The use of
ceiling mounted air returns is contradictory to proper cleanroom system design.
3
Cleanroom Classifications
Cleanrooms are classified by how clean the air is. In Federal Standard 209 (A to D)
of the USA, the number of particles equal to and greater than 0.5mm is measured in one
cubic foot of air, and this count is used to classify the cleanroom. This metric nomenclature
is also accepted in the most recent 209E version of the Standard. Federal Standard 209E is
used domestically. The newer standard is TC 209 from the International Standards
Organization. Both standards classify a cleanroom by the number of particles found in the
laboratory's air. The cleanroom classification standards FS 209E and ISO 14644-1 require
specific particle count measurements and calculations to classify the cleanliness level of a
cleanroom or clean area. In the UK, British Standard 5295 is used to classify cleanrooms.
This standard is about to be superseded by BS EN ISO 14644-1.
Cleanrooms are classified according to the number and size of particles permitted
per volume of air. Large numbers like "class 100" or "class 1000" refer to FED_STD-209E,
and denote the number of particles of size 0.5 mm or larger permitted per cubic foot of air.
The standard also allows interpolation, so it is possible to describe e.g. "class 2000."
Small numbers refer to ISO 14644-1 standards, which specify the decimal
logarithm of the number of particles 0.1 m or larger permitted per cubic metre of air. So,
for example, an ISO class 5 cleanroom has at most 105 = 100,000 particles per m.
Both FS 209E and ISO 14644-1 assume log-log relationships between particle size
and particle concentration. For that reason, there is no such thing as zero particle
concentration. Ordinary room air is approximately class 1,000,000 or ISO 9.
TYPES OF CLEANROOMS
Cleanrooms are also categorized by the way supply air is distributed. There are generally
two air supply configurations used in cleanroom design:
1) Non-unidirectional
2) Unidirectional.
In this airflow pattern, there will be considerable amount of turbulence and it can be
used in rooms where major contamination is expected from external source i.e. the make up
air. This turbulent flow enhances the mixing of low and high particle concentrations,
producing a homogenous particle concentration acceptable to the process.
Air is typically supplied into the space by one of two methods. The first uses supply
diffusers and HEPA filters. The HEPA filter may be integral to the supply diffuser or it may
be located upstream in the ductwork or air handler. The second method has the supply air
pre-filtered upstream of the cleanroom and introduced into the space through HEPA filtered
work stations. Non-unidirectional airflow may provide satisfactory control for cleanliness
levels of Class 1000 to Class 100,000.
The unidirectional air flow pattern is a single pass, single direction air flow of
parallel streams. It is also called 'laminar' airflow since the parallel streams are maintained
within 18 deg - 20 deg deviation. The velocity of air flow is maintained at 90 feet per minute
20 as specified in Federal Standard 209 version B although later version E does not specify
any velocity standards.
Unidirectional cleanrooms are used where low air borne contaminant levels are
required, and where internal contaminants are the main concern.
They are generally of two types:
1. Vertical down-flow cleanrooms where the air flow is vertical laminar in direction.
In vertical down-flow arrangement, clean make-up air is typically introduced at the ceiling
and returned through a raised floor or at the base of the side walls. Horizontal flow
cleanrooms use a similar approach, but with a supply wall on one side and a return wall on
the other.
The horizontal flow cleanroom uses the same filtration airflow technique as the
down-flow, except the air flows across the room from the supply wall to the return wall.
Between the two, the vertical down-flow pattern yield better results and is more adaptable to
pharmaceutical production.
1. Increased Air Supply: Whereas comfort air conditioning would require about 2-10 air
changes/hr, a typical cleanroom, say Class 10,000, would require 50 - 100 air changes. This
additional air supply helps, to dilute the contaminants to an acceptable concentration.
2. High Efficiency Filters: The use of HEPA filters having filtration efficiency of 99.97%
down to 0.3 microns is another distinguishing feature of cleanrooms.
3. Terminal Filtration and Air Flow pattern: Not only are high efficiency filters used,
but a laminar flow is sought.
4. Room Pressurization: With the increased fresh air intake, cleanrooms are pressurized
in gradients. This is important to keep external particulates out of clean spaces.
SYSTEM DESIGN
The HVAC design process begins with meetings with process engineers, architects,
and representatives from the owner or facility user. The process and instrument diagrams
(P&IDs) are reviewed, and a general understanding of the process is conveyed to all
interested parties. Operation of the facility is reviewed, and any plans for future additions or
modifications are discussed.
After the initial meeting, a written basis of design is produced that describes the
regulations and codes that will govern the design. Spaces are defined by function, and
temperature and humidity requirements are determined. Room classifications are listed and
adjacency of spaces and pressure relationships are documented. Any unusual or unique
facility requirements must also be designed into the HVAC system at this time, such as
emergency backup or redundancy for HVAC systems. This is also the stage of the design
process during which alternate studies are conducted to compare options for the HVAC
system. The cost of a backup or redundant HVAC supply system may be compared with the
cost of product loss or experiment interruption should temperatures or airflow go out of
control or specification. Heat recovery from exhaust systems and thermal storage are
examples of other potential areas for study. Airflow diagrams are produced that show areas
served by a particular air handling system including supply, return, exhaust, and transfer air
between spaces. The basis of design also describes major equipment to be used and the level
of quality of components and construction material.
The efficiency of the system design is based on proper consideration of the following
factors:
10
DESIGN WORKS
Table: Design temperature and humidity for normal room at Level 1 (first floor)
Room
Room
Training room
Prefunction
Finance & Administration Dept.
H&R Department
Reception
FABX & Server room
Visitors lounge
Purchasing Department
Q&A Office
Meeting room
Rest room 1
Rest room 2
Corridor 1
Corridor 2
Corridor 3
Engineering workshop
Canteen
Engineering office
Corridor lift
Equipment room
Goods lift
RH (%)
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
45.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
45.0
45.0
50.0
50.0
45.0
50.0
11
Enthalpy, H (btu/lb)
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
19.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
19.70
19.70
21.70
21.70
19.70
21.70
Table: Design temperature and humidity for clean room at Level 1 (first floor)
Cleanroom
cleanroom
Bosch Filling room
Packing room 1
Packing room 2
Packing room 3
Bottle Blower room
Bottle washing room
Filling room
Mixing room
Transfer air lock 1
Air Lock 1
Air Lock 2
Air Lock 3
Clean equipment room
Wash room
Wash booth
WIP Dispeen
Weihing booth
Liquid air lock
Liquid dispensary
Liquid store
Pharmacy store
Blending room
Air Lock 4
Wet Granulation & Drying room
WIP Storage
Encapsulation
Preparation rooom
Coating room
Service area
Tablet coating WIP
Air Lock 5
Transfer air lock 2
Tronic labelling
RH (%)
50
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
40
40
40
40
45
45
45
45
45
40
40
40
50
50
40
50
50
50
50
50
50
45
40
40
45
12
Enthalpy, H (btu/lb)
19.8
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
17.5
17.5
17.5
22.3
22.3
17.5
22.3
22.3
22.3
22.3
22.3
22.3
19.7
17.5
17.5
19.7
Table: Design temperature and humidity for normal room at Level 2 (second floor)
Room
Room
QC Product Development Dept
Board room
General Manager
Managing Director
Senior Manager
Secretary
Corridor
Write station
Existing Platform
M & E Room
RH (%)
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
13
Enthalpy, H (btu/lb)
20.2
20.2
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
21.2
21.2
21.2
21.2
Table: Design temperature and humidity for clean room at Level 2 (second floor)
Clean room
Clean room
Analytical laboratory
Instrument room
Coating room
Blister pack room
Oven room
Liquid storage
Liquid Mfg 1
Liquid Mfg 2
Corridor
Wash room 1
Wash room 2
Clean hose room
Operation room
Cream packing room
Cream filling room
Wet Granulation
WIP storage
Encapsulation
Air lock 1
Air lock 2
Air lock 3
Filling 1
Filling 2
Tablet press 1
Tablet press 2
Blending room
Technical mezzanine
RH (%)
45
45
45
45
45
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
45
45
45
40
40
40
45
45
50
50
50
50
14
Enthalpy, H (btu/lb)
18.9
18.9
18.9
18.9
18.9
17.9
17.9
17.9
17.9
17.9
17.9
17.9
17.9
17.9
17.9
19.3
19.3
19.3
19.5
19.5
19.5
22.1
22.1
23.4
23.4
22.4
22.4
HVAC SYSTEM
Pharmaceutical buildings have many room areas that required the HVAC system
installation which are air conditioning and ventilation. The system selection is plan
according to the application of the room, area, air volume flow rate and capacity required
for each room.
Table: Design HVAC system for each room at Level 1(first floor)
Room
Training room
Prefunction
Finance & Administration Dept.
H&R Department
Reception
FABX & Server room
Visitors lounge
Purchasing Department
Q&A Office
Meeting room
Rest room 1
Rest room 2
Corridor 1
Corridor 2
Corridor 3
Engineering workshop
Canteen
Engineering office
Corridor lift
Equipment room
Goods lift
Female toilet
Male toilet
Female surau
Male surau
HVAC system
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
Ventilation
Ventilation
Ventilation
Ventilation
15
Table: Design HVAC system for clean room at Level 1(first floor)
Clean room
Bosch Filling room
Packing room 1
Packing room 2
Packing room 3
Bottle Blower room
Bottle washing room
Filling room
Mixing room
Transfer air lock 1
Air Lock 1
Air Lock 2
Air Lock 3
Clean equipment room
Wash room
Wash booth
WIP Dispeen
Weihing booth
Liquid air lock
Liquid dispensary
Liquid store
Pharmacy store
Blending room
Air Lock 4
Wet Granulation & Drying room
WIP Storage
Encapsulation
Preparation rooom
Coating room
Service area
Tablet coating WIP
Air Lock 5
Transfer air lock 2
Tronic labelling
HVAC system
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
16
Room
QC Product Development Dept
Board room
General Manager
Managing Director
Senior Manager
Secretary
Corridor
Write station
Existing Platform
M & E Room
HVAC System
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
Table: Design HVAC system for clean room at Level 2(second floor)
Clean room
Analytical laboratory
Instrument room
Coating room
Blister pack room
Oven room
Liquid storage
Liquid Mfg 1
Liquid Mfg 2
Corridor
Wash room 1
Wash room 2
Clean hose room
Operation room
Cream packing room
Cream filling room
Wet Granulation
WIP storage
Encapsulation
Air lock 1
Air lock 2
Air lock 3
Filling
Tablet press
Blending room
Technical mezzanine
HVAC system
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
AHU
17
AIR LEAKAGE
The leakage air is driven by air pressure differences that exist between the room and other
room and also between the inside of the building and the outside of the building. The
leakage air has the velocity according the pressure differences. The area of the opening area
will give the volume flow rate of air leakage that flow through the opening area.
1/ 2
in w.g
18
Room
enthalpy
h
Opening type
in (w.g)
0.04
0.048
0.048
0.048
0.04
0.04
0.032
0.032
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.052
0.052
0.052
0.052
0.06
0.06
0.04
(btu/lb)
19.8
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
17.5
17.5
17.5
22.3
22.3
17.5
or door
two side door
two side door
two side door
two side door
two side door
two side door
two side door
one side door
two side door
one side door
one side door
one side door
two side door
two side door
one side door
two side door
two side door
one side door
one side door
one side door
two side door
two side door
one side door
pressure
in
Pa
(w.g)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0.04
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.04
0.052
0.06
0.048
0.04
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.032
22.3
22.3
22.3
22.3
22.3
22.3
19.7
17.5
17.5
19.7
19.7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Pressure
Pa
10
12
12
12
10
10
8
8
1
1
1
1
15
15
15
15
13
13
13
13
15
15
1
15
10
13
15
12
10
15
1
1
10
8
19
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
enthalpy h
(btu/lb)
20.4
20.2
20.2
20.2
20.2
20.2
20.1
21.2
20.2
21.3
21.3
21.3
20.2
21.2
21.2
21.2
21.2
20.4
20.4
20.4
23.1
23.1
21.3
23.1
22.9
23.1
23.1
23.2
23.2
20.4
21.3
20.2
23.3
22.3
dimension
width height
(m)
(m)
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.2
2
1.7
2
1.2
2
1.2
2
1.2
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.2
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.2
2
1.2
2
1.2
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.2
2
1.7
2
1.2
2
1.7
2
1.2
2
1.2
2
1.2
2
1.2
2
1.2
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
opening area
leakage velocity
(m)
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
2.4
3.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
3.4
3.4
2.4
3.4
3.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
3.4
3.4
2.4
3.4
2.4
3.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
FPM
801.00
877.45
877.45
877.45
801.00
801.00
716.44
716.44
801.00
801.00
801.00
801.00
981.02
981.02
981.02
981.02
913.28
438.73
913.28
913.28
981.02
981.02
801.00
981.02
801.00
913.28
981.02
877.45
801.00
981.02
801.00
801.00
801.00
716.44
(ft)
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.6
25.8
36.6
25.8
25.8
25.8
36.6
36.6
25.8
36.6
36.6
25.8
25.8
25.8
36.6
36.6
25.8
36.6
25.8
36.6
25.8
25.8
25.8
25.8
25.8
36.6
36.6
36.6
(m/s)
4.07
4.46
4.46
4.46
4.07
4.07
3.64
3.64
4.07
4.07
4.07
4.07
4.98
4.98
4.98
4.98
4.64
2.23
4.64
4.64
4.98
4.98
4.07
4.98
4.07
4.64
4.98
4.46
4.07
4.98
4.07
4.07
4.07
3.64
20
leakage rate
CFM
29317.29
32115.49
32115.49
32115.49
29317.29
29317.29
26222.19
18509.78
29317.29
20694.56
20694.56
20694.56
35906.21
35906.21
25345.56
35906.21
33426.86
11334.88
23595.43
23595.43
35906.21
35906.21
20694.56
35906.21
20694.56
33426.86
25345.56
22669.76
20694.56
25345.56
20694.56
29317.29
29317.29
26222.19
CMH
49803.11
54556.57
54556.57
54556.57
49803.11
49803.11
44545.25
31443.71
49803.11
35155.14
35155.14
35155.14
60996.1
60996.1
43056.07
60996.1
56784.28
19255.26
40083.02
40083.02
60996.1
60996.1
35155.14
60996.1
35155.14
56784.28
43056.07
38510.52
35155.14
43056.07
35155.14
49803.11
49803.11
44545.25
enthalpy
h
Capacity, Q
(btu/lb)
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
1.5
2.7
3.8
3.8
3.8
0.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
2.9
2.9
2.9
0.8
0.8
3.8
0.8
0.6
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.7
3.8
2.7
3.6
2.6
(btu/hr)
79156.7
72259.8
72259.8
72259.8
65963.9
65963.9
47199.9
124941.0
356205.1
353877.0
353877.0
353877.0
80789.0
242366.9
171082.5
242366.9
225631.3
147920.2
307920.4
307920.4
129262.3
129262.3
353877.0
129262.3
55875.3
120336.7
91244.0
91812.5
83813.0
79838.5
353877.0
356205.1
474940.2
306799.6
There are 2floor of pharmaceutical factory and each floor has the different space and
different applications. Different applications of the place have different air change per hour
and different air volume flow rate that required to supplies to the place.
There are the formulas required in order to calculate the volume flow rate:-
The Air flow rate calculation is only for the room that using the ductings which are its
using the AHU with centralized chiller or ventilation system with exhaust fan. In order to
design the ductwork, air flow rate of each room is important.
Table 10: The ACH (air change per hour) are selected according the standard.
21
Table: Area, volume and air volume flow rate for each room at 1st floor
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
AHU 1
1st floor
for clean room
Room
Bosch Filling room
Packing room 1
Packing room 2
Packing room 3
Bottle Blower room
Bottle washing room
Filling room
Mixing room
Transfer air lock 1
Air Lock 1
Air Lock 2
Air Lock 3
Corridor lift
Height
m
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
Area
m
126.63
40.16
27.30
65.30
65.30
65.30
37.41
14.16
9.92
18.24
5.52
6.70
130.38
Volume
m
443.2
140.6
95.6
228.6
228.6
228.6
130.9
49.6
34.7
63.8
19.3
23.4
456.3
ACH
Supply Air
Volume flow rate / diffuser
Actual Volume Flow rate
CMH/diffuser
1354.2
1265.1
1074.9
1714.2
1571.3
1571.3
1309.2
1486.8
1215.5
1117.2
1353.0
1640.9
1597.2
CMH
24376.3
6325.6
4299.8
10285.1
12570.6
12570.6
7855.3
2973.6
2431.0
4468.8
1353.0
1640.9
15971.6
L/s
6771.2
1757.1
1194.4
2857.0
3491.8
3491.8
2182.0
826.0
675.3
1241.3
375.8
455.8
4436.5
22
CFM
14349.4
3723.6
2531.1
6054.4
7399.9
7399.9
4624.1
1750.5
1431.0
2630.6
796.5
965.9
9401.9
55
45
45
45
55
55
60
60
70
70
70
70
35
cfm/diffuser
1,794
1,241
1,266
1,211
1,480
1,480
1,156
1,750
1,431
1,315
796
966
1,567
1,800
1,240
1,260
1,200
1,480
1,480
1,200
1,750
1,430
1,300
800
1,000
1,550
Diffuser/supply
8
3
2
5
5
5
4
1
1
2
1
1
6
Return Air
Return air
Volume flow
rate / diffuser
Percentage
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
CMH/diffuser
1138
1107
1003
1200
1257
1257
1100
1041
851
1043
947
1149
1398
L/s
4739.8
1230.0
836.1
1999.9
2444.3
2444.3
1527.4
578.2
472.7
868.9
263.1
319.1
3105.6
cfm/grille
CFM
10044.6
2606.6
1771.8
4238.1
5179.9
5179.9
3236.9
1225.3
1001.7
1841.4
557.5
676.2
6581.3
1,674
1,303
886
1,413
1,727
1,727
1,618
1,225
1,002
1,841
558
676
1,645
1,680
1,300
880
1,400
1,700
1,700
1,600
1,200
1,000
1,840
560
680
1,650
Grille/return
6
2
2
3
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
Table: Area, volume and air volume flow rate for each room at 1st floor
AHU 2
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Room
Equipment room
Weihing booth
Liquid air lock
Liquid dispensary
Liquid store
Pharmacy store
Blending room
Air Lock 4
Transfer air lock 2
Tronic labelling
Height
m
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
Area
m
12.3
69.68
7.68
12.8
14.08
145
59.69
25.8
48.45
256.5
23
Volume
m
43.05
243.88
26.88
44.8
49.28
507.5
208.915
90.3
169.575
897.75
ACH
35
45
50
50
50
35
50
70
70
50
Supply Air
Volume flow rate / diffuser
Actual Volume Flow rate
CMH/diffuser
1506.75
1371.83
1344.00
1120.00
1232.00
1480.21
1305.72
2107.00
1187.03
1726.44
CMH
1506.75
10974.6
1344
2240
2464
17762.5
10445.75
6321
11870.25
44887.5
L/s
418.5
3048.5
373.3
622.2
684.4
4934.0
2901.6
1755.8
3297.3
12468.8
CFM
887.0
6460.4
791.2
1318.6
1450.5
10456.1
6149.0
3720.9
6987.6
26423.7
cfm/diffuser
887
1,615
791
1,319
1,450
1,307
1,230
1,240
1,747
1,651
Diffuser/supply
890
1,600
800
1,300
1,450
1,300
1,230
1,240
1,750
1,650
1
4
1
1
1
8
5
3
4
16
cfm/grille
Grille/return
Return Air
Return air
Percentage
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
CMH/diffuser
1054.73
1280.37
940.80
1568.00
862.40
1243.38
1218.67
1106.18
1038.65
1745.63
24
L/s
293.0
2134.0
261.3
435.6
479.1
3453.8
2031.1
1229.1
2308.1
8728.1
CFM
620.9
4522.2
553.8
923.0
1015.3
7319.3
4304.3
2604.7
4891.3
18496.6
621
1,507
554
923
1,015
1,464
1,435
1,302
1,630
1,541
620
1,500
550
930
1,100
1,470
1,440
1,300
1,630
1,500
1
3
1
1
1
5
3
2
3
12
Table: Area, volume and air volume flow rate for each room at 1st floor
AHU 3
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Room
Clean equipment room
Wash room
WIP Dispeen
Wet Granulation &
Drying room
WIP Storage
Encapsulation
Preparation rooom
Coating room
Service area
Tablet coating WIP
Air Lock 5
Height
m
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
Area
m
71.34
64.8
45.76
66.24
61.44
66.24
43.5
39.55
39.55
29.29
9.3025
Volume
m
249.69
226.8
160.16
ACH
231.84
215.04
231.84
152.25
138.425
138.425
102.515
32.55875
50
50
45
40
55
40
45
70
50
50
50
3220
2986.66
2898
1691.66
2114.82
1538.05
1281.43
633.086
6823.8
6329.3
6141.4
3585.0
4481.7
3259.4
2715.6
1341.6
Supply Air
Volume flow rate /
diffuser
CMH/diffuser
1248.45
1417.50
1334.67
1449.00
1344.00
1304.10
1522.50
1268.90
1384.25
1153.29
1139.56
L/s
3467.91
3150
2224.44
3220
2986.67
2898
1691.67
2114.89
1538.06
1281.45
633.086
25
cfm/diffuser
CFM
7349.2
6675.4
4714.0
6823.8
6329.3
6141.4
3585.0
4481.7
3259.4
2715.6
1341.6
1,470
1,669
1,571
1,706
1,266
1,228
1,195
1,494
1,086
1,358
1,342
1,470
1,700
1,580
1,700
1,300
1,290
1,200
1,500
1,100
1,400
1,340
Diffuser/supply
5
4
3
4
5
5
3
3
3
2
1
Return air
Percentage
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
Return Air
Volume flow rate / diffuser
Actual Volume Flow rate
CMH/diffuser
1456.53
1323.00
1401.40
1352.40
1254.40
1217.16
1421.00
1332.34
1291.97
1076.41
1595.38
CMH
8739.2
7938.0
5605.6
8114.4
7526.4
7303.0
4263.0
5329.4
3875.9
3229.2
1595.4
26
L/s
2427.5
2205.0
1557.1
2254.0
2090.7
2028.6
1184.2
1480.4
1076.6
897.0
443.2
CFM
5144.4
4672.8
3299.8
4776.7
4430.5
4299.0
2509.5
3137.2
2281.6
1900.9
939.1
cfm/grille
1286
1558
1650
1592
1108
1075
1255
1569
1141
950
939
1290
1560
1650
1600
1100
1100
1300
1600
1150
950
950
Grille/return
4
3
2
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
1
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Analytical laboratory
Instrument room
Coating room
Blister pack room
Oven room
Liquid storage
Liquid Mfg 1
Liquid Mfg 2
Corridor
Wash room 1
Wash room 2
Clean hose room
Operation room
Cream packing room
Cream filling room
RHL Preparation & Cleaning
Air lock 1
Height
m
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Area
m
167.4
57.5
39.0
39.0
39.0
21.8
21.8
21.8
170.5
27.6
27.6
27.6
46.9
46.9
46.9
81.3
21.84
Volume
m
502.2
172.4
117.0
117.0
117.0
65.5
65.5
65.5
511.4
82.7
82.7
82.7
140.6
140.6
140.6
243.8
65.5
Supply Air
Volume flow rate / diffuser
Actual Volume Flow rate
CMH/diffuser
1597.98
1580.15
1608.75
1608.75
1608.75
1310.40
1310.40
1310.40
1491.57
1136.85
1136.85
1136.85
1546.88
1546.88
1205.36
1219.20
1146.60
CMH
35155.6
9480.9
6435.0
6435.0
6435.0
3931.2
3931.2
3931.2
17898.8
4547.4
4547.4
4547.4
7734.4
7734.4
8437.5
14630.4
4586.4
L/s
9765.4
2633.6
1787.5
1787.5
1787.5
1092.0
1092.0
1092.0
4971.9
1263.2
1263.2
1263.2
2148.4
2148.4
2343.8
4064.0
1274.0
27
CFM
20694.8
5581.1
3788.1
3788.1
3788.1
2314.2
2314.2
2314.2
10536.4
2676.9
2676.9
2676.9
4552.9
4552.9
4966.9
8612.4
2699.8
ACH
70
55
55
55
55
60
60
60
35
55
55
55
55
55
60
60
70
cfm/diffuser
1,478
1,395
1,263
1,263
1,263
1,157
1,157
1,157
1,317
1,338
1,338
1,338
1,518
1,138
1,242
1,435
1,350
1,480
1,400
1270
1270
1270
1200
1200
1200
1320
1340
1340
1340
1500
1140
1250
1440
1350
Diffuser/supply
14
4
3
3
3
2
2
2
8
2
2
2
3
4
4
6
2
Return air
Percentage
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
Return Air
Volume flow rate / diffuser
Actual Volume Flow rate
CMH/diffuser
1538.1
1659.2
1501.5
1501.5
1501.5
1375.9
1375.9
1375.9
1566.1
1061.1
1061.1
1061.1
1353.5
1353.5
1476.6
1280.2
CMH
24608.9
6636.6
4504.5
4504.5
4504.5
2751.8
2751.8
2751.8
12529.2
3183.2
3183.2
3183.2
5414.1
5414.1
5906.3
10241.3
28
L/s
6835.8
1843.5
1251.3
1251.3
1251.3
764.4
764.4
764.4
3480.3
884.2
884.2
884.2
1503.9
1503.9
1640.6
2844.8
CFM
14486.4
3906.7
2651.6
2651.6
2651.6
1619.9
1619.9
1619.9
7375.5
1873.8
1873.8
1873.8
3187.1
3187.1
3476.8
6028.7
cfm/grille
1449
1302
1326
1326
1326
1620
1620
1620
1229
937
937
937
1594
1062
1159
1507
1450
1300
1330
1330
1330
1620
1620
1620
1230
950
950
950
1590
1100
1200
1500
Grille/return
10
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
6
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
Return Air
No.
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
AHU 2
Room
Wet Granulation
WIP storage
Encapsulation
Air lock 2
Air lock 3
Air lock 4
Filling 1
Filling 2
Tablet press 1
Tablet press 2
Blending room
Technical mezzanine
Height
m
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Area
m
87.5
45.4
45.4
14.2
18.5
17.3
24.7
24.7
34.0
34.0
89.1
382.1
Volume
m
262.5
136.2
136.2
42.5
55.4
52.0
74.2
74.2
101.9
101.9
267.3
1146.3
ACH
40
40
40
70
70
70
60
60
55
55
60
50
Supply Air
Volume flow rate / diffuser
Actual Volume Flow rate
CMH/diffuser
1312.50
1362.08
1362.08
1487.06
1291.50
1212.75
1112.74
1112.74
1400.95
1400.95
1336.50
1791.04
CMH
10500.0
5448.3
5448.3
2974.1
3874.5
3638.3
4451.0
4451.0
5603.8
5603.8
16038.0
57313.1
L/s
2916.7
1513.4
1513.4
826.1
1076.3
1010.6
1236.4
1236.4
1556.6
1556.6
4455.0
15920.3
29
CFM
6181.0
3207.2
3207.2
1750.8
2280.8
2141.7
2620.1
2620.1
3298.8
3298.8
9441.0
33738.2
CMH
10500.0
5448.3
5448.3
2974.1
3874.5
3638.3
4451.0
4451.0
5603.8
5603.8
16038.0
57313.1
cfm/diffuser
1,545
1,069
1,069
1,751
1,140
1,071
1,310
1,310
1,649
1,649
1,573
1,687
1,550
1,100
1,100
1750
1200
1100
1300
1300
1650
1650
1570
1690
Diffuser/supply
4
3
3
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
6
20
Return air
Percentage
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
CMH/diffuser
1225.0
1271.3
1271.3
1040.9
1356.1
1273.4
1038.6
1038.6
1307.6
1307.6
1403.3
1671.6
30
L/s
2041.7
1059.4
1059.4
578.3
753.4
707.4
865.5
865.5
1089.6
1089.6
3118.5
11144.2
CFM
4326.7
2245.1
2245.1
1225.5
1596.5
1499.2
1834.1
1834.1
2309.1
2309.1
6608.7
23616.7
cfm/grille
1442
1123
1123
1226
1597
1499
917
917
1155
1155
1652
1687
1440
1120
1120
1230
1600
1500
930
930
1200
1200
1660
1690
Grille/return
3
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
4
14
Room name
Training room
Prefunction
Finance & Administration
Dept.
H&R Department
Reception
FABX & Server room
Visitors lounge
Purchasing Department
Q&A Office
Meeting room
Female toilet
Male toilet
Janitor
Female surau
Male surau
Rest room 1
Rest room 2
Corridor lift
Equipment room
Corridor 1
Corridor 2
Corridor 3
Engineering workshop
Canteen
Engineering office
TR
4.03
1.96
4.00
3.02
6.19
0.66
0.71
3.44
3.57
10.95
1.27
1.27
0.30
2.38
2.38
1.20
1.20
6.02
0.49
2.07
3.41
3.41
4.66
6.98
2.73
kW
HP
14.17
6.91
19
9
14.06
10.64
21.78
2.32
2.50
12.11
12.55
38.52
4.47
4.47
1.07
8.36
8.36
4.22
4.22
21.17
1.74
7.29
12.01
12.01
16.37
24.55
9.59
19
14
29
3
3
16
17
52
6
6
1
11
11
6
6
28
2
10
16
16
22
33
13
31
Room name
QC Product Development
Dept
Board room
General Manager
Managing Director
Senior Manager
Secretary
Corridor
Write station
RHL Preparation & Cleaning
M & E Room
TR
14.36
1.13
0.98
0.98
0.61
0.61
3.90
2.26
3.67
3.21
kW
HP
50.51
3.98
3.46
3.46
2.14
2.14
13.71
7.93
12.89
11.28
32
68
5
5
5
3
3
18
11
17
15
SELECTION DIFFUSER
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
AHU 1
1st floor
for cleanroom
Room
cfm/
grille
1,680
1,300
880
1,400
1,700
1,700
1,600
1,200
1,000
1,840
560
680
1,650
33
grille
6
2
2
3
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
AHU 2
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Room
cfm/
Equipment room
Weihing booth
Liquid air lock
Liquid dispensary
Liquid store
Pharmacy store
Blending room
Air Lock 4
Transfer air lock 2
Tronic labelling
grille
620
1,500
550
930
1,100
1,470
1,440
1,300
1,630
1,500
grille
1
3
1
1
1
5
3
2
3
12
AHU 3
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Room
cfm/
grille
1290
1560
1650
1600
1100
1100
1300
1600
1150
950
950
34
grille
4
3
2
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
1
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
2nd floor
AHU 1
Room
cfm/
Analytical laboratory
Instrument room
Coating room
Blister pack room
Oven room
Liquid storage
Liquid Mfg 1
Liquid Mfg 2
Corridor
Wash room 1
Wash room 2
Clean hose room
Operation room
Cream packing room
Cream filling room
RHL Preparation & Cleaning
Air lock 1
grille
1450
1300
1330
1330
1330
1620
1620
1620
1230
950
950
950
1590
1100
1200
1500
960
Level 2
Total cfm for AHU 1 = 22 030 cfm
35
grille
10
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
6
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
2
No.
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
AHU 2
Room
cfm/
Wet Granulation
WIP storage
Encapsulation
Air lock 2
Air lock 3
Air lock 4
Filling 1
Filling 2
Tablet press 1
Tablet press 2
Blending room
Technical mezzanine
grille
1440
1120
1120
1230
1600
1500
930
930
1200
1200
1660
1690
36
grille
3
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
4
14
SUGGESTED SPECIFICATIONS
Furnish Aluminum Square Diffusers where shown on the plans. The Square
Diffusers shall have margins to cover the ceiling openings and minimize smudging. The
Diffusers shall be of the flush type as shown on the plans. Corners of the outer core shall be
mechanically fastened to provide precise mitered corners. Diffusers shall be in removable
construction to facilitate access to Damper and also for concealed fixing. Where shown, the
Diffusers shall be provided with Opposed Blade Volume Control Dampers manufactured
out of Aluminum. Diffusers shall be powder coated to the approved shade. Dampers shall
be painted to matt black shade.
37
38
CAPACITY
First Floor AHU 1
Room
Pressure
in
(w.g)
Pa
Bosch Filling room
Packing room 1
Packing room 2
Packing room 3
Bottle Blower room
Bottle washing room
Filling room
Mixing room
Transfer air lock 1
Air Lock 1
Air Lock 2
Air Lock 3
Corridor lift
dimension
width height
(m)
(m)
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.2
1.7
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.7
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
10
12
12
12
10
10
8
8
1
1
1
1
10
opening area
enthalpy h
Opening type
(btu/lb)
or door
19.8
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
19.7
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
0.04
0.048
0.048
0.048
0.04
0.04
0.032
0.032
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.04
leakage velocity
pressure
enthalpy h
in
Pa
(w.g)
(btu/lb)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
enthalpy
h
leakage rate
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20.4
20.2
20.2
20.2
20.2
20.2
20.1
21.2
20.2
21.3
21.3
21.3
22.8
Capacity, Q
(m)
(ft)
FPM
(m/s)
CFM
CMH
(btu/lb)
(btu/hr)
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
2.4
3.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
3.4
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.6
25.8
36.6
25.8
25.8
25.8
36.6
801.0
877.5
877.5
877.5
801.0
801.0
716.4
716.4
253.3
253.3
253.3
253.3
801.0
4.1
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.1
4.1
3.6
3.6
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
4.1
29317.3
32115.5
32115.5
32115.5
29317.3
29317.3
26222.2
18509.8
9270.9
6544.2
6544.2
6544.2
29317.3
49803.1
54556.6
54556.6
54556.6
49803.1
49803.1
44545.3
31443.7
15749.1
11117.0
11117.0
11117.0
49803.1
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
1.5
2.7
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.1
79156.7
72259.8
72259.8
72259.8
65963.9
65963.9
47199.9
124941.0
112642.0
111905.7
111905.7
111905.7
408976.3
Total Btu/hr =
Tonne =
1457340.4
121.4
39
AHU 2
Room
Pressure
Pa
Equipment room
Weihing booth
Liquid air lock
Liquid dispensary
Liquid store
Pharmacy store
Blending room
Air Lock 4
Transfer air lock 2
Tronic labelling
dimension
width
height
(m)
(m)
1.2
2
1.7
2
1.2
2
1.2
2
1.2
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.2
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
15
13
13
13
13
15
15
1
1
10
opening area
(m)
2.4
3.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
3.4
3.4
2.4
3.4
3.4
(ft)
25.8
36.6
25.8
25.8
25.8
36.6
36.6
25.8
36.6
36.6
in
(w.g)
0.06
0.052
0.052
0.052
0.052
0.06
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.04
enthalpy h
Opening type
(btu/lb)
19.7
19.7
17.5
17.5
17.5
22.3
22.3
17.5
17.5
19.7
or door
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
leakage velocity
FPM
981.0
913.3
438.7
913.3
913.3
981.0
981.0
801.0
801.0
801.0
(m/s)
5.0
4.6
2.2
4.6
4.6
5.0
5.0
4.1
4.1
4.1
40
leakage rate
CFM
25345.6
33426.9
11334.9
23595.4
23595.4
35906.2
35906.2
20694.6
29317.3
29317.3
enthalpy
h
pressure
Pa
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
in
(w.g)
0
0
0.04
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
enthalpy h
CMH
(btu/lb)
43056.1
1.5
56784.3
1.5
19255.3
2.9
40083.0
2.9
40083.0
2.9
60996.1
0.8
60996.1
0.8
35155.1
3.8
49803.1
2.7
49803.1
3.6
Total Btu/hr =
Tonne =
(btu/lb)
21.2
21.2
20.4
20.4
20.4
23.1
23.1
21.3
20.2
23.3
Capacity, Q
(btu/hr)
171082.5
225631.3
147920.2
307920.4
307920.4
129262.3
129262.3
353877.0
356205.1
474940.2
2604021.7
217.0
AHU 3
Room
Pressure
dimension
width
height
(m)
(m)
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.2
2
1.7
2
1.2
2
1.2
2
1.2
2
1.2
2
1.2
2
Pa
15
15
15
15
10
13
15
12
10
15
1
opening area
(m)
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
2.4
3.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
(ft)
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.6
25.8
36.6
25.8
25.8
25.8
25.8
25.8
in (w.g)
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.04
0.052
0.06
0.048
0.04
0.06
0.04
enthalpy
h
(btu/lb)
19.7
19.7
19.7
22.3
22.3
22.3
22.3
22.3
22.3
19.7
17.5
leakage velocity
FPM
981.0
981.0
981.0
981.0
801.0
913.3
981.0
877.5
801.0
981.0
801.0
(m/s)
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.1
4.6
5.0
4.5
4.1
5.0
4.1
41
Opening type
or door
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
leakage rate
CFM
35906.2
35906.2
35906.2
35906.2
20694.6
33426.9
25345.6
22669.8
20694.6
25345.6
20694.6
pressure
in
Pa
(w.g)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
enthalpy h
CMH
(btu/lb)
60996.1
0.5
60996.1
1.5
60996.1
1.5
60996.1
0.8
35155.1
0.6
56784.3
0.8
43056.1
0.8
38510.5
0.9
35155.1
0.9
43056.1
0.7
35155.1
3.8
Total Btu/hr =
Tonne =
enthalpy
h
(btu/lb)
20.2
21.2
21.2
23.1
22.9
23.1
23.1
23.2
23.2
20.4
21.3
Capacity, Q
(btu/hr)
80789.0
242366.9
242366.9
129262.3
55875.3
120336.7
91244.0
91812.5
83813.0
79838.5
353877.0
1571582.1
131.0
dimension
width
height
(m)
(m)
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
Pressure
Pa
in (w.g)
15
0.06
10
0.04
15
0.06
15
0.06
15
0.06
12
0.048
12
0.048
12
0.048
15
0.06
12
0.048
12
0.048
13
0.052
13
0.052
13
0.052
12
0.048
15
0.06
opening area
(m)
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
(ft)
36.60087
36.60087
36.60087
36.60087
36.60087
36.60087
36.60087
36.60087
36.60087
36.60087
36.60087
36.60087
36.60087
36.60087
36.60087
36.60087
enthalpy h
(btu/lb)
19.7
22.2
19.7
19.7
19.7
20.3
20.3
20.3
19.7
20.3
20.3
19.9
19.9
19.9
20.3
22
leakage velocity
FPM
981.0206
801
981.0206
981.0206
981.0206
877.4515
877.4515
877.4515
981.0206
877.4515
877.4515
913.2805
913.2805
913.2805
877.4515
981.0206
(m/s)
4.983342
4.068881
4.983342
4.983342
4.983342
4.457236
4.457236
4.457236
4.983342
4.457236
4.457236
4.639239
4.639239
4.639239
4.457236
4.983342
42
Opening type
or door
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
leakage rate
CFM
35906.21
29317.29
35906.21
35906.21
35906.21
32115.49
32115.49
32115.49
35906.21
32115.49
32115.49
33426.86
33426.86
33426.86
32115.49
35906.21
pressure
Pa
in (w.g)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
enthalpy
h
CMH
(btu/lb)
60996.1
0.8
49803.11
0.8
60996.1
1.3
60996.1
1.3
60996.1
1.3
54556.57
1.2
54556.57
1.2
54556.57
1.2
60996.1
1.1
54556.57
1
54556.57
0.7
56784.28
0.9
56784.28
0.9
56784.28
0.9
54556.57
1.6
60996.1
1
Total Btu/hr =
enthalpy h
(btu/lb)
20.5
23
21
21
21
21.5
21.5
21.5
20.8
21.3
21
20.8
20.8
20.8
21.9
23
Capacity, Q
(btu/hr)
129262.3432
105542.2612
210051.3076
210051.3076
210051.3076
173423.6317
173423.6317
173423.6317
177735.7218
144519.6931
101163.7852
135378.7791
135378.7791
135378.7791
231231.509
161577.929
2607594.398
Tonne =
217.2995332
AHU 2
Room
Pressure
Pa
Wet Granulation
WIP storage
Encapsulation
Air lock 1
Air lock 2
Air lock 3
Air lock 4
Filling 1
Filling 2
Tablet press 1
Tablet press 2
Blending room
Technical mezzanine
dimension
width height
(m)
(m)
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.2
2
1.2
2
1.2
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
1.7
2
15
15
15
1
1
1
1
12
12
13
13
15
10
opening area
(m)
3.4
3.4
3.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
(ft)
36.60087
36.60087
36.60087
25.83591
25.83591
25.83591
36.60087
36.60087
36.60087
36.60087
36.60087
36.60087
36.60087
in (w.g)
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.048
0.048
0.052
0.052
0.06
0.04
enthalpy h
Opening type
(btu/lb)
19.7
19.7
19.7
23.4
23.4
23.4
23.4
20.3
20.3
19.9
19.9
19.7
22.2
or door
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
hard aluminium
leakage velocity
FPM
981.0206
981.0206
981.0206
253.2984
253.2984
253.2984
253.2984
877.4515
877.4515
913.2805
913.2805
981.0206
801
43
(m/s)
4.983342
4.983342
4.983342
1.286693
1.286693
1.286693
1.286693
4.457236
4.457236
4.639239
4.639239
4.983342
4.068881
pressure
in
Pa
(w.g)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
leakage rate
CFM
35906.21
35906.21
35906.21
6544.195
6544.195
6544.195
9270.943
32115.49
32115.49
33426.86
33426.86
35906.21
29317.29
enthalpy h
(btu/lb)
20.5
20.2
20.2
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
21.5
20.5
20.5
20.5
20.6
23
enthalpy
h
Capacity, Q
CMH
(btu/lb)
60996.1
0.8
60996.1
0.5
60996.1
0.5
11117.03
1.1
11117.03
1.1
11117.03
1.1
15749.13
1.1
54556.57
1.2
54556.57
0.2
56784.28
0.6
56784.28
0.6
60996.1
0.9
49803.11
0.8
Total Btu/hr =
Tonne =
(btu/hr)
129262.3432
80788.96448
80788.96448
32393.76427
32393.76427
32393.76427
45891.16605
173423.6317
28903.93862
90252.51943
90252.51943
145420.1361
105542.2612
1067707.737
88.97564479
Total Ton
First floor
AHU
Capacity, Q
(btu/hr)
tonne
AHU 1
1457340.40
121.40
AHU 2
2604021.7
217
AHU 3
1571582.1
131
Second floor
AHU
Capacity, Q
(btu/hr)
tonne
AHU 1
2607594.40
217.30
AHU 2
1067707.7
88
Total tonne
= 774.7 ton
= 774.7 ton
= 774.7 ton / 2
= 387.3 ton
AUTOCAD DRAWING
See Appendix
44
45
46
CFD data can be utilized to validate various design parameters such as the
location and number of diffusers and exhausts, and temperature and flow
rate (CFM) of supplied air to meet design criteria. For example, CFD
simulation helps design verification of the following systems: natural
ventilation systems, displacement ventilation systems, raised floor system,
atrium smoke system, etc.
47
In an engineering investigation:
Contaminant/species simulations
Smoking lounges
Educational facilities
Libraries
Classrooms
CFD
Full scale
Model scale
Simple method
Continuum
no
Yes
Yes
No
Geometric Similarity
Approx
Yes
Some
No
Size limitation
No
Yes
Some
No
Scale effect
Some
None
Yes
Yes
Instantaneous
Indirectly
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Limited
Limited
Yes
Limited
Yes
Limited
Limited
Empirical content
Some
None
Little
High
Potential accuracy
High
High
Moderate
Low
Turbulence
Hazardous
Events
49
Tuning required
Yes
No
No
No
Capital cost
Moderate
High
Moderate
low
Running cost
High
High
High
Low
Yes
No
No
yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
The condition space of room in pharmaceutical factory was choosen a packing room. Its
situated at first floor on dimension clean room area. This cleanroom room was choosen by
its function and reliability as a cleanroom space in pharmaceutical factory.
Height
= 3.5 m
CMH
Long
= 5.2 m
= 95.6 m x 45
Width
= 5.25 m
= 4299.8
Area
= 5.2 m x 5.25 m
L/s
= 27.3 m
Volume
= 27.3 m x 3.5 m
CFM
= 95.6 m
Air change
= Volume x ACH
= 4299.8 x (3.281^3) / 60
= 2531.1
= 45
Diffuser
= 2531.1 / 2 diffuser
= 1260 cfm / diffuser
50
51
52
CONCLUSION
and constitute a powerful argument for providing indoor air of a better quality than the
minimum levels required by present Standards. Indoor air quality are very important
especially for pharmaceutical area. In order to determine the perfect design where no
contaminant can enter a workspace is really a challenge for an engineer. Designing a good
design along with good efficiency of system selection, to take into account about utilization
of electricity, water and many more is a good lesson in our study & perhaps it all will be
applied in working field.
54