Ee Lab Manual

KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Page 1

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Load test on DC Shunt & DC Series motor
2. O.C.C & Load characteristics of DC Shunt and DC Series generator
3. Speed control of DC shunt motor (Armature, Field control)
4. Load test on single phase transformer
5. O.C & S.C Test on a single phase transformer
6. Regulation of an alternator by EMF & MMF methods.
7. V curves and inverted V curves of synchronous Motor
8. Load test on three phase squirrel cage Induction motor
9. Speed control of three phase slip ring Induction Motor
10. Load test on single phase Induction Motor.
11. Study of DC & AC Starters


Ex. No: 1
Date:

OCC AND LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF D.C SHUNT GENERATOR
Aim:

To conduct no load and load test on separately excited generators and obtain the
characteristics

Exercise
1. Obtain the open circuit characteristics (OCC) of a separately excited D.C generator
and determine critical resistance.
2. Draw the external and internal characteristics of a separately excited D.C generator
and compute full load regulation.

Apparatus Required:

Sl.no Name of the component Specification Quantity

Name plate details:
Motor Generator

Fuse rating calculation for field and armature:

No load test
10 % of rated current (full load current)

Load test
125 % of rated current (full load current)

Precautions
1. Motor side field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance position.
2. Generator side field rheostat should be kept at maximum resistance position.
3. Starter should be in off position before switching on the supply.
4. The DPST switch must be kept open.


CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR OPEN CIRCUIT ON DC SHUNT GENERATOR

Procedure for open circuit test
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
2. The motor is started with the help of THREE POINT starter.
3. Adjust the motor speed to rated speed by adjusting motor field rheostat when the
generator is disconnected from the load by DPST switch 2.
4. By varying the generator field rheostat gradually, the open circuit voltage [Eo]
and corresponding field current (If) are tabulated up to 125 % of rated voltage of
generator.
5. The motor is switched off by using DPST switch 1 after bringing all the rheostats
to initial position.

F1
F2
A1
A2
G
(500O,
1.2A)
D
P
S
T

S
w
i
T
ch
2
Fuse

V
+
_
(
0

3
0
0
V
)

V
L

M
C

Fuse
+
_
220 V, DC
Supply
D
P
S
T

S
w
i
T
ch
1
F1
F2
A1
A2
M
F L A
Three point starter
Fuse
(
3
0
0
O
,

2
A
)

Fuse

A
+
_
(0 20 A)
MC

A
+
_ (0 - 2 A)
MC
IF
+
_
220 V, DC
Supply
D
P
S
T
S
Fuse
Fuse


Tabulation for Open Circuit Test on Separately Excited D.C Shunt Generator:
Sl.no Open circuit
voltage in
Volts [E
o
]
Field
current in
Amps [I
f
]

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT GENERATOR

Procedure for Load test:
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram
2. The prime mover is started with the help of three point starter and it is made to run at
rated speed when the generator is disconnected from the load by DPST switch 2.
3. By varying the generator field rheostat gradually, the rated voltage [Eg] is obtained.
4. The ammeter and voltmeter readings are observed at no load condition.
5. The ammeter and voltmeter readings are observed for different loads up to the rated
current by closing the DPST switch 2.
6. After tabulating all the readings the load is brought to its initial position.
7. The motor is switched off by using DPST switch 1 after bringing all the rheostats
to initial position.

(0 20 A) I
L

MC
F1
F2
A1
A2
G
(500O,
1.2A)
+
_
D
P
S
T

S
w
i
T
ch
2
Fuse
L
o
a
d

V
+
_
(
0

3
0
0
V
)

V
L

M
C

A
+
_
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e

R
e
s
i
s
t
i
v
e

l
o
a
d

5

K
W

Fuse
+
_
220 V, DC
Supply
D
P
S
T

S
w
i
T
ch
1
F1
F2
A1
A2
M
F L A
Three point starter
Fuse
(
3
0
0
O
,

2
A
)

Fuse

A
+
_
(0 20 A) Ia
MC

A
+
_ (0 - 2 A)
MC
IF
+
_
220 V, DC
Supply
D
P
S
T
S
Fuse
Fuse


Tabulation for Load Test:
Sl.no
Armature
current
[Ia] in
Amps
Load
voltage
[V
L
] in
Volts
Load
current
[I
L
] in
Amps
Armature
drop Ia Ra
In volts
Generated
emf
[Eg =
V
L
+IaRa]
In volts

Circuit diagram for find the generator armature resistance [Ra]

Procedure for find armature resistance Ra:
1. Connections arte given as per circuit diagram
2. Check loading rheostat must be at maximum resistance position.
3. Close the DPST switch and vary the loading rheostat for various values in steps
and noted the corresponding voltmeter and ammeter reading.
4. Open the DPST switch after loading rheostat begins its initial position.

Tabulation for Finding Armature Resistance:
Sl.no
Armature voltage
Va
Armature current
I
Ra = Va/ Ia

_
+
220 V, DC
Supply
DPST
Switch
Fuse

A
+
_

V
+
_
(0 10 A) I
MC
(0 300V) V
L

MC
Fuse
(50O, 5A)
A1
A2
G


Model graph

Open circuit characteristics Internal (Eg Vs Ia) and External (V
L
Vs I
L
)
characteristics

Result:

AIf
Field current
[If] in amps
O
p
e
n

c
i
r
c
u
i
t

v
o
l
t
a
g
e

i
n

V
o
l
t
s

[
E
o
]

Eo Vs If
Load current [I
L
] in amps
Armature current [I
a
] in amps

L
o
a
d

v
o
l
t
a
g
e

i
n

V
o
l
t
s

[
V
L
]

G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

e
m
f

i
n

V
o
l
t
s

[
E
g
]

Eg Vs Ia
V
L
Vs I
L


Ex. No: 2
Date:

LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF DC SHUNT MOTOR

Aim:
To conduct load test on DC shunt motor to draw its characteristic curves.

Exercise
Draw the following characteristic curves for DC shunt motor
i. Output Vs %
ii. Output Vs T
iii. Output Vs N
iv. Output Vs I
L

v. Torque Vs N

Apparatus Required:
Sl.no Name of the component type Range Quantity
1
2
3
4
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Rheostat
Tachometer
MC
MC
Wire wound
Digital / Analog
0-15 A
0-300 V
300, 1.7 A
-
1
1
1
1

Name plate details:
MOTOR

Load test
125 % of rated current

Formulae Used:
(i) Torque = )
2
( 81 . 9 ) ~ (
2 1
t
R S S + in N-M
S
1
, S
2
spring balance readings in Kg
R- Break drum radius in m
(ii) Input power = V x I in Watts
(iii) Output power = 2tNT / 60 in Watts
N Speed of the motor in RPM
(iv) Percentage of efficiency = (Output power /Input power) x 100.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR

Precautions
- Starter should be in off position before switching on the supply.
- The DPST switch must be kept open.
- The motor field rheostat must be kept at minimum resistance position
- There should be no load on the motor at the time of starting.
- Before connecting the meters check the polarity and zero error.
Procedure for DC shunt motor
- Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
- Observe the precaution and using three-point starter the motor is started to run at the
rated speed by adjusting the field rheostat if necessary.
- The meter readings are noted at no load condition.
- By using break drum with spring balance arrangement the motor is loaded and the
corresponding readings are noted up to the rated current.
+
_
220 V, DC
Supply
D
P
S
T

S
w
i
tc
h
(300O, 1.7A)
Field rheostat
F1
F2
A1
A2
M
F L A
Three point starter
Fuse
S
1
S
2

BRAKE DRUM

A
+
_

V
+
_
(0 15 A) I
L

MC
(0 300V) V
L

MC

- After observation of all the readings the load is released gradually
- The motor is switched off by using DPST switch.

TABULATION FOR LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR

Radius of the brake drum (R) = in m Thickness of the belt (t) = in m

Sl
No
Load
Voltage
in
Volts
Load
current
I
Amps
speed
in
rpm
Spring balance
Reading
In kg
Input
Power
in
Watts
Torque
in NM
Output
Power
in
Watts
Efficiency
in %
S1 S2 S1~S2

MODEL GRAPH
(A) Electrical characteristics

(B) Mechanical characteristics

q in %
T in N-m
Speed in rpm
I
L
in Amps
N
I
L

T q%

Output power in watts
T Vs N
S
p
e
e
d

(
N
)

i
n

r
p
m

Torque ( T ) in N-m

(C) Torque, Speed Vs Load current

Model calculation:

Graph:
- Output Vs %
- Output Vs T
- Output Vs N
- Output Vs I
L

- Torque Vs N

Result:

T
o
r
q
u
e

(
T
)

i
n

N
-
m

S
p
e
e
d

(
N
)

i
n

r
p
m

I
L
Vs N
Load current (I
L
) in Amps
I
L
Vs T

Ex. No: 3 LOAD TEST ON DC SERIES MOTOR
Date:

AIM:
To conduct load test on DC series motor and to draw its characteristic curves.
Exercise
Draw the following characteristic curves for DC shunt motor
i. Output Vs %
ii. Output Vs T
iii. Output Vs N
iv. Output Vs I
L

v. Torque Vs N
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No. Apparatus Range Type Quantity
1 Ammeter (0-20)A MC 1
2 Voltmeter (0-300)V MC 1
3 Tachometer
(0-3000)
rpm
Digital 1
4 Connecting Wires 2.5sq.mm. Copper Few

Name plate details:

Load test
125 % of rated current

Formulae Used:
MOTOR

(i) Torque = )
2
( 81 . 9 ) ~ (
2 1
t
R S S + in N-M
S
1
, S
2
spring balance readings in Kg
R- Break drum radius in m
(ii) Input power = V x I in Watts
(iii) Output power = 2tNT / 60 in Watts
N Speed of the motor in RPM
(iv) Percentage of efficiency = (Output power /Input power) x 100.

Precautions
- Starter should be in off position before switching on the supply.
- The DPST switch must be kept open.
- The motor field rheostat must be kept at minimum resistance position
- There should be at load on the motor during the time of starting and stopping.
- Before connecting the meters check the polarity and zero error.
Procedure for DC series motor
- Observe the precaution and using two-point starter the motor is started to run at the
rated speed by adjusting the field rheostat if necessary.
- The meter readings are noted at no load condition.
- By using break drum with spring balance arrangement the motor is loaded and the
corresponding readings are noted up to the rated current.
- After observation of all the readings the load is released gradually
The motor is switched off by using DPST switch

TABULATION FOR LOAD TEST ON DC SERIES MOTOR

Radius of the brake drum (R) = in m Thickness of the belt (t) = in m

Sl
No
Load
Voltage
in
Volts
Load
current
I
Amps
speed
in
rpm
Spring balance
Reading
In kg
Input
Power
in
Watts
Torque
in NM
Output
Power
in
Watts
Efficiency
in %
S1 S2 S1~S2

MODEL GRAPH
(A) Electrical characteristics

(B) Mechanical characteristics

SPEED

(C) Torque, Vs load current

T
o
r
q
u
e

T

(
N
m
)

S
p
e
e
d

N

(
r
p
m
)

E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y

%

y
3
y
2
y
1

Output Power (Watts)
N
E
T

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Model calculation:

Graph:
- Output Vs %
- Output Vs T
- Output Vs N
- Output Vs I
L

- Torque Vs N

Result:

Ex.No. 4
Date: SPEED CONTROL OF DC SHUNT MOTOR
AIM:
To obtain speed control of DC shunt motor by
a. Varying armature voltage with field current constant.
b. Varying field current with armature voltage constant

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1 Ammeter (0-20) A MC 1
2 Voltmeter (0-300) V MC 1
3 Rheostats
1250O, 0.8A
50O, 3.5A
Wire
Wound
Each 1
4 Tachometer (0-3000) rpm Digital 1
5 Connecting Wires 2.5sq.mm. Copper Few

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Field Rheostat should be kept in the minimum resistance position at the time of starting and
stopping the motor.
2. Armature Rheostat should be kept in the maximum resistance position at the time of starting
and stopping the motor.

PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. After checking the maximum position of armature rheostat and minimum position of field
rheostat, DPST switch is closed
(i) Armature Control:
1. Field current is fixed to various values and for each fixed value, by varying the armature
rheostat, speed is noted for various voltages across the armature.

(ii) Field Control:
1. Armature voltage is fixed to various values and for each fixed value, by adjusting the field
rheostat, speed is noted for various field currents.
2. Bringing field rheostat to minimum position and armature rheostat to maximum position
DPST switch is opened.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

TABULAR COLUMN:
(i) Armature Voltage Control:
S.No.
I
f1
= I
f2
= I
f3
=
Armature
Voltage
V
a
( Volts)
Speed
N (rpm)
Armature
Voltage
V
a
( Volts)
Speed
N (rpm)
Armature
Voltage
V
a
( Volts)
Speed
N (rpm)

(ii) Field Control:
S.No.
V
a1
= V
a2
= V
a3
=
Field
Current
I
f
(A)
Speed
N (rpm)
Field
Current
I
f
(A)
Speed
N (rpm)
Field
Current
I
f
(A)
Speed
N (rpm)

MODEL GRAPHS:

RESULT:
S
p
e
e
d

N

(
r
p
m
)

S
p
e
e
d

N

(
r
p
m
)

I
f
(Amps)
V
a
(Volts)
I
f1

I
f3

I
f2

V
a3

V
a1

V
a2

Ex. No: 5
Date:
OC AND SC TESTS ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

Aim:
To conduct open circuit and short circuit test and to predetermine the efficiency of the
transformer at desired load and power factor and to calculate the regulation at different power factor
Exercise
1. Determine the equivalent circuit of the transformer.
2. Predetermine the efficiency at different load at UPF and 0.8 Power factor lagging.
3. Predetermine the full load regulation at different power factor.
4. Draw the following curves
a. Output Vs %
b. Power factor Vs %Regulation
Apparatus Required:
Sl.no Name of the component type Range Quantity
1
2
3
4
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Rheostat
Tachometer
MC
MC
Wire wound
Digital / Analog
0-15 A
0-300 V
300, 1.7 A
-
1
1
1
1
Name plate details:
Transformer

Fuse calculation for transformer (O.C and S.C test):
Primary current I
P
= KVA rating of the transformer /primary voltage.
Secondary current I
S
=KVA rating of transformer / secondary voltage.
O.C test
10 % of rated primary current
S.C test
125 % of rated secondary current
Formulae Used:
Open circuit test:
1. No load power factor
oc oc
oc
I V
W
= ) (cos
0
|
W
OC
= open circuit power in watts
V
OC
= open circuit voltage in volts
I
OC
= open circuit current in amps
2. No load working component resistance (R
O
);
o OC
OC
O
Cos I
V
R
|
= in ohms
3. No load magnetizing component (X
O
);
o OC
OC
O
Sin I
V
X
|
= in ohms

Short circuit test:
4. Equivalent impedance referred to HV side (Z
02
);
SC
SC
O
I
V
Z =
2
in ohms.
5. Equivalent resistance referred to HV side (R
02
);
2
2
SC
SC
O
I
W
R = in ohms
6. Equivalent reactance referred to HV side (X
02
);
2
2
2
2 2 O O O
R Z X = in ohms
7. Transformation ratio (K);
1
2
V
V
K =
8. Equivalent resistance referred to LV side (R
01
);
2
2
1
K
R
R
O
O
= in ohms
9. Equivalent reactance referred to LV side (X
01
);
2
2
1
K
X
X
O
O
= in ohms
Efficiency and regulation
10. Output power = ) ( | Cos KVA X in watts
11. Chopper loss = ) (
2
SC
W X in watts
12. Total loss WT

= ) ( loss Iron loss Cu + in watts
13. Efficiency = 100
+ loss Total power Output
power Output
in %
14. Regulation = 100
[
2
2 2

O
O O SC
V
Sin X Cos R I X | |
in %
Precautions:
1. Auto transformer should be kept at zero volt position.
2. At the time of starting the experiment DPST switch kept open and transformer should be no
load.
3. High voltage and low voltage sides of the transformer should be properly used as primary or
secondary respective to experiments.
Procedure (for Open circuit Test)
- Ensuring the precautions the supply is switched on by closing DPST switch.
- Auto transformer is adjusted to energize the transformer with primary voltage on LV side.
- Voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter readings are noted at no load condition.
- Auto transformer is gradually decreased to its initial position.
- Switch off the supply by DPST.
Procedure (for Short CKT Test)
- Ensuring the precautions the supply is switched on by closing DPST switch.
- Auto transformer is adjusted to energize the transformer with primary current on the HV
side.
- Voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter readings are noted at no load condition.
- Auto transformer is gradually decreased to its initial position.
- Switch off the supply by DPST.

Circuit diagram for open circuit test of 1| transformer

Circuit diagram for short circuit test of 1| transformer

(0-20A) MI, I
O1

P
N
150V, 20A, UPF
L
M
C
V
~
V
~
A
A
C
B
(0-150V) MI
V
O1

1|, Autotransformer
230V/ (0-270V)
D
P
S
T

S
w
i
t
c
h
230 V, 50Hz, 1|,
AC Supply
P1
P2
S1
S2
1|, 110/230V, 3VA
step up transformer
150V
NL
~
A
(0-30A) MI, I
SC

(0-2A) MI I
O1

P
N
150V, 2A, LPF
L M
C
V
~
V
~
A
A
C
B
(0-150V) MI
V
O1

1|, Autotransformer
230V/ (0-270V)
D
P
S
T

S
w
i
t
c
h
230 V, 50Hz, 1|,
AC Supply
P1
P2
S1
S2
1|, 110/230V, 3VA
step up transformer
~
V
(0-150V) MI
V
O2

150V
NL

Tabulation for OC Test
multiplication factor:
Sl.
no
Open circuit
primary current
(I
OC
)
In Amps
Open circuit
primary voltage
(V
OC
) in Volts
Open circuit power
(Woc) in Watts
Open circuit
Secondary
voltage in volts
Obsolete Actual

Tabulation for SC Test
multiplication factor:
Sl.
no
Short circuit
primary current
(I
SC
)
In Amps
Short circuit
primary voltage
(V
SC
) in Volts
Short circuit power
(Wsc) in Watts
Short circuit
Secondary
Current in Amps Obsolete Actual

Predetermination of efficiency:
Core (or) Iron loss (W
i
) = Watts, KVA rating of Transformer = .
Rated Short circuit current = Amps Short Circuit power (WSC) = .

Fraction
of load
(X)
Short
circuit
current
(I
SC
X)
in Amps
Output power ) ( | Cos KVA X
in watts
Copper
loss
) (
2
SC
W X
in watts

Total loss
SC i T
W W W + =
in watts

Efficiency
T
W p o
p o
+
=
/
/
q
in %
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

1

Tabulation to find regulation:
I
SC
= R
O2
= X
O2
= V
2O
=

Fractio
n of
load
(X)
Value of Cosu Value of Sinu
% of Regulation
100
[
2
2 2

O
O O SC
V
Sin X Cos R I X | |

1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 1
0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
Lag Lead Lag Lead Lag Lead Lag Lead

1

P
N
230 V, 1|,
50Hz
AC Supply
Equivalent circuit of 1| transformer
R
o
Xo
I
2

R
O1

X
O1

I
o

Z
L

I
1

I
w
I
o

Model graph
1) Efficiency 2) Regulation

Result:

Short circuit current I
SC
in Amps
1.0 pf
0.4 pf
0.8 pf
0.6 pf
0.2 pf
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y

i
n

%

Lagging pf
1.0 pf
0.4 pf
0.8 pf
0.6 pf
0.2 pf
+

v
e

R
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n

Leading pf Unity pf
-

v
e

R
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n

Ex. No: 6
Date:
Predetermination of Regulation of Three Phase Alternator by EMF and MMF Methods

AIM:

To predetermine the regulation of three phase alternator by EMF and MMF method and also
to draw the vector diagrams.

Name plate details:

3| Alternator DC Shunt Motor

Fuse rating:
125 % of current (Full load current)
For dc shunt motor.
For alternator

Apparatus required:

s. no Name of the apparatus Type Range Quantity
1.
2
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Ammeter
Ammeter
Ammeter
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Voltmeter
Rheostat
Rheostat
Tachometer
MC
MC
MC
MI
MI
MC
Wire Wound
Wire Wound
-
(0-2)A
(0-10)A
(0-5)A
(0-10)A
(0-600)V
(0-150)V
(500O,1.2A)
(300O,1.7A)
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1

Formulae used:

Emf method:

Armature resistance Ra = 1.6 Rdc where - Rdc is the resistance in DC supply.
Synchronous impedance Zs = Open circuit voltage (E
1
(ph))/short circuit current (Isc)
Synchronous impedance Xs = \ (Zs
2
-Ra
2
)
Open circuit voltage E
o
= \ ((V
rated
cos| + I
a
R
a
)
2
+ (V
rated
sin| +I
a
X
s
)
2
)(For lagging power
factor)

Open circuit voltage Eo = \ ((V
rated
cos| + I
a
R
a
)
2
+(V
rated
sin| - I
a
X
s
)
2
) (For leading power
factor)
Open circuit voltage Eo = \ ((V
rated
cos| + I
a
R
a
)
2
+( I
a
X
s
)
2
) (For unity power factor)

Percentage regulation = (Eo-V
rated
/V
rated
)*100(For both EMF and MMF methods)

Precaution:

i. The motor field rheostat should be kept in the minimum resistance position.
ii. The alternator field potential divider should be in the maximum voltage position.
iii. Initially all switches are in open position.

Procedure for both emf and MMF method:

1. Note down the nameplate details of motor and alternator.
3. Give the supply by closing the dust switch.
4. Using the three point starter, start the motor to run at the synchronous speed by varying the
motor filed rheostat.
5. Conduct an open circuit test by varying the potential divider for various values of field
current and tabulate the corresponding open circuit voltage readings.
6. Conduct a short circuit test by closing the TPST switch and adjust the potential divider to set
the rated armature current, tabulate the corresponding field current.
7. Conduct a stator resistance test by giving connection as per the circuit diagram and tabulate
the voltage and current readings for various resistive loads.

Procedure to draw the graph for EMF method:

1. Draw the open circuit characteristics curve (generator voltage per phase Vs field current)

2. Draw the short circuit characteristics curve (short circuit current Vs field current)

3. From the graph find the open circuit voltage per phase (E
1
(ph)) for the rated short circuit
current (Isc).

4. By using respective formulae find the Zs, Xs, Eo and percentage regulation.

Open circuit test:

S.NO Field current(I
f
) Open circuit line
voltage (V
OL
)
Open circuit phase
voltage (V
o(ph)
)
Amps Volts Volts

+
_
220 V, DC
Supply
D
P
S
T

S
w
i
t
c
h
(250O, 2A)
z
zz
A
AA
M
Z L A
Three point starter
Fuse
Fuse
F
1

L
1

Y
250O, 2A
_
T
P
S
T

S
w
i
t
c
h

_
F
2

R
L
3

L
2

220V, DC Supply
+
B
+
(0-1A) MC
A
250O, 2A
~
A
~
V
(0-600V)
MI
(0-10A)
MI
Circuit diagram Regulation of Alternator by EMF method

Short circuit test:

Tabulation to find out the armature resistance (ra):

Procedure to draw the graph for MMF method:

1. Draw the open circuit characteristics curve (generator voltage per phase Vs field
current)
2. Draw the short circuit characteristics curve (short circuit current Vs field current)
3. Draw the line OL to represent I
f
which gives the rated generated voltage (V).
4. Draw the line LA at an angle (90) to represent I
f
which gives the rated full
load current.(Isc) on short circuit [(90) for lagging power factor and (90- )
for leading power factor].
5. Join the points O and A and find the field current (I
f
) measuring the distance OA
that gives the open circuit voltage (E
0
) from the open circuit characteristics.
6. Find the percentage regulation by using suitable formula.

Procedure to draw the vector diagram:
1. Draw the line OA that represents the rated voltage V.
2. Draw the line OB to represent the rated current Ia, which makes an angle (it
may lags/leads in phase) with the voltage.
3. Draw the line AC to represent IRa drop, which is parallel to current axis (OB)
4. Draw the perpendicular line CD with the line AC (IRa drop) to represent IXs
drop.
5. Join the points D and A to represent the IZs drop.
S.No
Field current(I
f
)
Short Circuit Current
(120 to 150 % of rated
current ) (Isc)
Amps Amps

S.No
Armature current
(I)
Armature voltage
(V)
Armature Resistance
Ra=V/I
Amps Volts Ohms

6. Join the points O and D and measure the length OD by voltage scale to find open
circuit voltage Eo.
7. Find the percentage regulation by using suitable using formulae.
RESULTANT TABULATION FOR REGULATION OF THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR BY EMF AND
MMF METHODS

MODEL CALCULATION:

RESULT

S.N
o
Percentage of Regulation
Power
factor
EMF method MMF method Vector diagram
Lagging
Leadin
g
unity Lagging Leading unity Lagging Leading unity
1. 0.2

2. 0.4

3. 0.6

4. 0.8

5. 1.0

Ex. No:7 Load Test on Three - Phase Squirrel Cage Induction Motor
Date:

Aim:
To conduct the load test on three phase squirrel cage induction motor and to draw
the performance characteristics curves.

Name plate details:

3| Induction Motor Auto Transformer

Fuse rating:
125% of rated current (Full load current)

Apparatus required:

Formulae used:

1. Torque = (S
1
~S
2
) (R+t/2) x 9, 81 N-m.
S1, S2 spring balance readings in Kg.
R Radius of the brake d5rum in m.
T Thickness of the belt in m.
2. Output power = 2tNT/60 Watts
N Rotor speed in rpm.
T Torque in N-m.
3. Input power = (W1+W2) Watts
W1, W2 Wattmeter readings in watts.
4. Percentage of efficiency = (Output power/Input power) x 100%
5. Percentage of slip = (N
s
N)/N
s
x 100%
Ns Synchronous speed in rpm.
N Speed of the motor in rpm.
6. Power factor (cos| ) = (W1+W2)/\3 V
L
I
L
.

S.No Name of the Apparatus Type Range qty
1. Ammeter MI (O-10)A 1
2. voltmeter MI (0-600)v 1
3 Wattmeter UPF (500V,10A) 2
4 Tachometer - - 1

PRECAUTION:

i. The motor should be started without any load

PROCEDURE:

1. Note down the name plate details of motor.
3. The TPSTS is closed and the motor is started using On Line starter to run at rated
speed.
4. At no load the speed, current, voltage and power are noted.
5. By applying the load, for various values of current the above-mentioned readings are
noted.
6. The load is later released and the motor is switched off and the graph is drawn.

OBSERVATION:
Circumference of the brake drum =

Thickness of the belt =

MODELGRAPH:
The graph drawn for
Output power Vs speed
Output power Vs line current
Output power vs. Torque
Output power Vs power factor
Output power Vs Efficiency
Output power Vs %slip.

L
M
C
V
L M
C
V
~
A
~
V
R
A
1

A
2
B
1

C
1
C
2
A
A
B
B
(0-10A)MI
(0-600V)MI
TPST
Switch

R
Y
B
440 V, 3|,
AC 50 Hz
Supply
DOL
starter
600V, 10A, UPF
600V, 10A, UPF
S
1

S
2

Brake Drum

- Mechanical Characteristics

- Electrical Characteristics

Torque Vs Speed
Torque in N-m
S
p
e
e
d

i
n

r
p
m

Out put Power in Watts
%
q
%
q
Cos |
C
o
s

|

N in
rpm
N

i
n

r
p
m

T in N-
m
T

i
n

N
-
m
Sli
p
S

I
L

TABULATION FOR LOAD TEST ON THREE PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE
INDUCTION MOTOR
Multiplication factor: ..

MODEL CALCULATION:

RESULT:

S. no
Load
current
(IL)
Load
voltage
(VL)
Input power (W1)

Input power (W2)
Speed of
the
motor
(N)
Spring balance
reading
Torqu
e (T)
(s1~s
2) (R)
(9.81)
Output
power
2tNT/
60
Efficiency
(q) o/p /
i/p x 100
Slip (S)
(Ns-N) /
Ns x 100
Power
factor
(cos|) i/p
/ VLIL
Observed Actual
Observe
d
Actual S1
S
2
S1~
S2

Amps Volts Watts Watts Watts Watts rpm
K
g
Kg Kg N-m Watts % %

Exp.No:8 LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
Date:

AIM:
To determine the performance characteristics curves of single phase induction
motor by conducting load test on it.
Name plate details:

1| Induction Motor Auto Transformer

Fuse rating:
125% of rated current (Full load current)

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Formulae used:

1. Torque = (S
1
~S
2
) (R+t/2) x 9, 81 N-m.
S1, S2 spring balance readings in Kg.
R Radius of the brake d5rum in m.
T Thickness of the belt in m.
2. Output power = 2tNT/60 Watts
N Rotor speed in rpm.
T Torque in N-m.
3. Input power = (W) Watts
W Wattmeter readings in watts.
4. Percentage of efficiency = (Output power/Input power) x 100%
5. Percentage of slip = (N
s
N)/N
s
x 100%
Ns Synchronous speed in rpm.
N Speed of the motor in rpm.

3 Wattmeter UPF (500V,10A) 1
4 Tachometer - - 1

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:

1. Note down the name plate details of motor.
3. The TPSTS is closed and the motor is started using On Line starter to run at rated
speed.
4. At no load the speed, current, voltage and power are noted.
5. By applying the load, for various values of current the above-mentioned readings are
noted.
6. The load is later released and the motor is switched off and the graph is drawn.

OBSERVATION:
Circumference of the brake drum =

Thickness of the belt =

MODELGRAPH:
The graph drawn for
Output power Vs speed
Output power Vs line current
Output power vs. Torque
Output power Vs power factor
Output power Vs Efficiency
Output power Vs %slip.

MODEL GRAPH:

TABULATION FOR LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE
INDUCTION MOTOR
Multiplication factor: ..

MODEL CALCULATION:

RESULT
S. no
Load
current
(IL)
Load
voltage
(VL)
Input power (W)
Speed of
the
motor
(N)
Spring balance
reading
Torqu
e (T)
(s1~s
2) (R)
(9.81)
Output
power
2tNT/
60
Efficiency
(q) o/p /
i/p x 100
Slip (S)
(Ns-N) /
Ns x 100
Observed Actual S1
S
2
S1~
S2

Amps Volts Watts Watts rpm
K
g
Kg Kg N-m Watts % %

Exp.No:9 V curve and Inverted V Curves of a three phase synchronous motor
Date:

AIM:
To draw the V curve and inverted V curve of synchronous motor.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

FUSE RATING:
10% of rated current
FORMULAE:
1.Input power=W1+W2 Wattts
2.Power Factor,cos=(Input power)/\3 V
L
I
L
PRECAUTION:
1.All the connections should be neat and tight.
2.The meters should be of proper range .
3.Before switching on the supply zero setting of all the meters
should be checked.
4.The motors field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance
position.
5.At the time of starting the motor there should be no load.
PROCEDURE:
1.The circuit connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
2.Now the AC Supply is given to the synchronous motor.
3.The motor is started by using autotransformer starter.
4.By keeping the load constant, the field rheostat is varied and
hence the field current is varied step by step ,the field current,
armature current and the wattmeter readings are noted.

2. Ammeter MI (0-2)A 1
4. Wattmeter UPF (600V,10A) 2
5. Rheostat - 220,1.2 A 1

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

MODEL GRAPH:
Ia

I
f

cos

I
f

TABULATION:

Multiplication Factor:

Sl.no Field
Current,
I
f

Voltage,
V
L

Armature
current,Ia
W1 W2 Input
power
cos=(Input
power)/\3 V
L
I
L

obs act obs act

RESULT:

EXP.No:10 LOAD TEST ON A SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
Date:
AIM:
To conduct load test on single phase transformer and to find efficiency and
percentage regulation.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1 Ammeter
(0-10)A
(0-5) A
MI
MI
1
1
2 Voltmeter
(0-150)V
(0-300) V
MI
MI
1
1
3 Wattmeter
(300V, 5A)
(150V, 5A)
UPF
UPF
1
1
4 Auto Transformer 1|, (0-260)V - 1
5 Resistive Load 5KW, 230V - 1
6 Connecting Wires 2.5sq.mm Copper Few

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Auto Transformer should be in minimum position.
2. The AC supply is given and removed from the transformer under no load
condition.

PROCEDURE:
2. After checking the no load condition, minimum position of auto transformer and
DPST switch is closed.
3. Ammeter, Voltmeter and Wattmeter readings on both primary side and secondary
side are noted.
4. The load is increased and for each load, Voltmeter, Ammeter and Wattmeter
readings on both primary and secondary sides are noted.

5. Again no load condition is obtained and DPST switch is opened.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

TABULAR COLUMN:

FORMULAE:
Output Power = W
2
x Multiplication factor
Input Power = W
1
x Multiplication factor
Output Power
Efficiency q % = -------------------- x 100%
Input Power
V
NL
- V
FL
(Secondary)
Regulation R % = ------------------------------ x 100%
V
NL

MODEL GRAPHS:

RESULT:
S.No. Load
Primary Secondary
Input
Power
W
1
x
MF
Output
Power
W
2
x
MF
Efficiency
q
%
%Regulation
V
1
(Volts)
I
1

(Amps)
W
1

(Watts)
V
2
(Volts)
I
2

(Amps)
W
2

(Watts)

E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y

q

%

R
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n

R

%

q
R
Output Power (Watts)

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KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Page 1

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