Contents

Page
Introduction The Guidance Eitn Bidns xsig ulig TcnclSeiiain ehia pcfctos Materials and Workmanship Itrrtto nepeain Part K : The Requirement Section 1 STAIRWAYS, LADDERS AND RAMPS Introduction Sub-section 1.1 Stairways and ladders Rs,gigadpth ie on n ic Construction of steps Headroom Wdh o sar its f tis Lnt o fihs egh f lgt Landings Loft conversions Fxdldes ie adr Handrails Guarding Further guidance Sub-section 1.2 Ramps Section 2 PEDESTRIAN AND VEHICLE BARRIERS Introduction Pedestrian guarding Vhcebrir eil ares STANDARDS AND OTHER REFERENCES 2

5 6

11

Building Regulations, 1997 Technical Guidance Document K Stairways, Ladders, Ramps and Guards
Introduction
This document has been published by the Minister for the Environment under article 7 of the Building Regulations, 19. I poie giac i rlto t Pr K o te 97 t rvds udne n eain o at f h Second Schedule to the Regulations. The document should be read in conjunction with the Building Regulations, 1997, and other documents published under teeRgltos hs euain. I gnrl Bidn Rgltos apy t te cntuto n eea, ulig euain pl o h osrcin of new buildings and to extensions and material atrtos t bidns I adto, cran prs o te leain o ulig. n diin eti at f h Regulations apply to existing buildings where a material change of use takes place. Otherwise, Building Regulations do not apply to buildings constructed prior to 1Jn,19. ue 92

Existing Buildings
I te cs o mtra atrtos o cags o ue o n h ae f aeil leain r hne f s f existing buildings, the adoption without modification of the guidance in this document may not, in all circumstances, be appropriate. In particular, the adherence to guidance, including codes, standards or technical specifications, intended for application to new work may be unduly restrictive or impracticable. Buildings o acietrl o hsoia itrs ae epcal lkl f rhtcua r itrcl neet r seily iey t gv rs t sc crusacs I tee stain, o ie ie o uh icmtne. n hs iutos alternative approaches based on the principles contained in the document may be more relevant and should be considered.

Technical Specifications
Bidn Rgltosaemd frseii proe,eg t ulig euain r ae o pcfc upss .. o poie i rlto t bidns fr te hat, sft ad rvd, n eain o ulig, o h elh aey n welfare of persons, the conservation of energy and access fr dsbe pros Tcncl seiiain (nldn o iald esn. ehia pcfctos icuig harmonised European Standards, European Technical Approvals, National Standards and Agrment Certificates) are relevant to the extent that they relate to these cnieain. Ay rfrne t a tcncl seiiain osdrtos n eeec o ehia pcfcto i arfrnet s mc o teseiiaina i rlvn s eeec o o uh f h pcfcto s s eeat i te cnet i wih i aie. Tcncl seiiain n h otx n hc t rss ehia pcfctos may also address other aspects not covered by the Rgltos euain. A rfrne t a tcncl seiiain i t te lts eeec o ehia pcfcto s o h aet edition (including any amendments, supplements or addenda) current at the date of publication of this Technical Guidance Document. However, if this version of the technical specification is subsequently revised or updated by the issuing body, the new version may be used as a source of guidance provided that it continues to address the relevant requirements of the Regulations.

Transitional Arrangements
I gnrl ti dcmn apist wrs o bidnsi n eea, hs ouet ple o ok, r ulig n which a material change of use takes place, where the works or the change of use commence or takes place, as the case may be on or after 1 January, 1998. Technical Guidance Document K - STAIRWAYS, RAMPS AND GUARDS, dated 1991, also ceases to have effect from that date. However, the latter document may continue to be used in the case of works, or buildings in which a mtra cag o uetkspaeaeil hne f s ae lc where the works or the change of use commence or takes place, as the case may be, before 1 January, 1998, i rseto wihaFr Sft Criiaeudrte n epc f hc ie aey etfct ne h Building Control Regulations, 1991 to 1994, has been granted, where the works or change of use commence or takes place, as the case may be, not later than 31 December, 2002.

Materials and Workmanship The Guidance

The materials, methods of construction, standards and other specifications (including technical specifications) which are referred to in this document are those which are likely to be suitable for the purposes of the Regulations. Where works are carried out in accordance wt te giac i ti dcmn, ti wl, pia fce ih h udne n hs ouet hs il rm ai, indicate compliance with Part K of the Second Schedule to the Building Regulations. However, the adoption of an approach other than that outlined in the guidance is not precluded provided that the relevant requirements of the Regulations are complied with. Those involved in the design and construction of a building may be required by the relevant building control authority to provide such evide ce as is necessary to establish that the requirements n o teBidn Rgltosaebigcmle wt. f h ulig euain r en opid ih Under Part D of the Second Schedule to the Building Regulations, building work to which the Regulations apply must be carried out with proper materials and in a workmanlike manner. Guidance in relation to compliance with Part D is contained in Technical Guidance Document D .

Interpretation
In this document, a reference to a section, sub-section, pr, prgah o darm i, uls ohrie sae, a at aarp r iga s nes tews ttd reference to a section, sub-section, part, paragraph or diagram, as the case may be, of this document. A reference to another Technical Guidance Document is a reference to the latest edition of a document published by the Minister for the Environment under article 7 of the Building Regulations, 1997. Diagrams are used in this dcmn t ilsrt priua apcso cntuto ouet o lutae atclr set f osrcin te myntso altedtiso cntuto. hy a o hw l h eal f osrcin

Stairways, Ladders, Ramps and Guards

Building Regulations - The Requirement

Part K of the Second Schedule to the Building Regulations, 1997, provides as follows: Saras ldesadrms tiwy, adr n ap. K1 Saras ldesadrmssalb sc a t afr sf psae tiwy, adr n ap hl e uh s o fod ae asg frteueso abidn. o h sr f ulig I abidn,tesdso eeyforadbloyadeeypr o n ulig h ie f vr lo n acn n vr at f a roof to which people normally have access shall be guarded to poetuesfo ters o fligteerm rtc sr rm h ik f aln hrfo. I abidn,tesdso eeyvhcerm adeeyforad n ulig h ie f vr eil ap n vr lo n ro t wihvhce hv acs salb gaddaantters of o hc eils ae ces hl e ure gis h ik o vhce fligteerm f eils aln hrfo. The r q i e e t o t i P r a p y t s a r a s l d e s a d eurmns f hs at pl o tiwy, adr n ram s w i h f r p r o t e s r c u e o a b i d n . p hc om at f h tutr f ulig

Poeto fo flig rtcin rm aln.

K2

Vhcerms for adros eil ap, los n of.

K3

Apiaino ti Pr. plcto f hs at

K4

This Technical Guidance Document is divided into toscin. w etos Section 1 relates to the Requirement K1 and is dvddit toprs iie no w at. Sub-section 1.1 deals with stairways and ladders and sub-section 1.2 deals with ramps. Section 2 relates to the Requirements K2 and K3. This Document refers to safety glazing in the context o saras rms ad gad. Fr gnrl avc f tiwy, ap n urs o eea die in relation to safety glazing, refer to Technical Guidance Document D.

Section 1 Stairways, Ladders and Ramps

Saras ldesadrms tiwy, adr n ap.

K1

Saras ldesadrmssalb sc a t afr sf psae tiwy, adr n ap hl e uh s o fod ae asg frteueso abidn. o h sr f ulig

Introduction
10 . Requirement K1 applies to the design and cnt o s ruction of sta rways, ladders and ramps. It d e i os ntapyt seso acs rue otieabidn o pl o tp r ces ots usd ulig other than the circumstances set out in paragraph 113 ... Additional requirements may be necessary for access routes which form part of:( i ) mas o ecp i cs o fr (e Tcncl en f sae n ae f ie se ehia Guidance Document B); means of access for disabled people (see Technical Guidance Document M).

"rise" means the vertical distance between the top of a tread and the top of the tread, landing or ramp next above or below it; tis masasceso o sesadlnig ta sar en ucsin f tp n adns ht mksi psil t ps o fo t ohrlvl; ae t osbe o as n ot o te ees "aee se" mas a se, te nsn o wih i tprd tp en tp h oig f hc s ntprle t tensn o tese o lnignx o aall o h oig f h tp r adn et aoei; bv t "tread" means the upper surface of a step. 113 I te cs o ses imdaey o sd a .. n h a e f t p m e i t l ut i e n etra do o abidn: xenl or f ulig () a wee tee ae tre ses o ls, ol te hr hr r he tp r es ny h recommendations in Table 1 apply; and where there are more than three steps, all the poiin o ti sbscinapy rvsos f hs u-eto pl.

() i i

Reference should be made to Technical Guidance Document D for guidance in relation to manufacturing and other tolerances applicable to building components generally.

() b

Rise, Going and Pitch

Sub-section 1.1 Stairways and Ladders

1 1 1 Paragraphs 1.1.2 to 1.1.20 give some .. guidance on good practice insofar as it relates to non-complex buildings of normal design and cntuto. osrcin 112 .. I ti sbscinn hs u-eto

114 .. () a

I aysar n n tis all of the steps should be of appropriate dimensions and be of suitable construction, alsessol hv tesm rs, l tp hud ae h ae ie alprle sessol hv tesm gig l aall tp hud ae h ae on, all tapered steps should have the same going.

() b () c () d

"flight" means the part of a stairway or ramp between landings; "going" means the horizontal distance between the nosing of a tread and the nosing of the tread or lnignx aoei; adn et bv t "pitch" means the angle between the pitch line and tehrzna; h oiotl

Diagram 1 shows how to measure the rise and going o ase. f tp Table 1 contains recommendations on maximum rise, minimum going and maximum pitch, and optimum values in each case based on I.S. 158 : 1987 and BS 5395 : 1977.

Tbe1 al
Sar tis

Rise, going and pitch

Rise (mm) optimum maximum 175 165 150 220 190 180 Going (mm) optimum minimum 250 275 300 220 250 280 Pth(ere) ic dges optimum maximum 35 31 27 42 38 3 3

Piae rvt Semi-public Pbi ulc

Nt: oe 1 Piae sar mas sar ue b a lmtd nme o pol wo ae gnrly vr fmla wt te sar, eg te itra sar . rvt tis en tis sd y iie ubr f epe h r eeal ey aiir ih h tis .. h nenl tis i adeln. n wlig 2 S m - u l c s a r m a s s a r u e b l r e n m e s of people, some of whom may be unfamiliar with the stairs, e.g. in factories, . eipbi tis en tis sd y agr ubr offices, shops, common stairs serving more than one dwelling. 3 Pbi sar massar ue b lrenmeso pol a oetm,eg i pae o pbi asml. . ulc tis en tis sd y ag ubr f epe t n ie .. n lcs f ulc seby 4 In public and semi-public stairs, which are required to be accessible for disabled people (see Technical Guidance Document M), the . rise should not be greater than 175 mm and the sum of twice the rise plus the going (2R+G) should be a minimum of 630 mm

Diagram 1 Measuring rise and going

Going

Pr 114 a. ..

In addition, the going at the narrow end should be measured in accordance with the recommendations of I.S. 158 : 1987. Where consecutive tapered treads are used, a uniform going should be mitie. anand

Open risers: tread should oelpa vra t least 16 mm

Top surface of tread Rsr ie Rsr ie Top surface of tread Tread Nosing Rs ie

Construction of Steps
1 1 7 Steps should have level treads. Steps may .. hv oe rsr bt i sc css te nsn o ay ae pn ies u n uh ae h oig f n t e d s o l o e l p o p a , t e b c e ge o t e ra hud vra, n ln h ak d f h tread next below it by at least 16 mm. 118 A sara wt oe rsr sol, uls i .. tiwy ih pn ies hud nes t i ulkl t b ue b cide udr fv yas o s niey o e sd y hlrn ne ie er f age, be constructed so that a 100 mm diameter sphere cannot pass through the opening between ajcn ted. daet ras

Note: The sum of twice the rise plus the going (2R+G) should be between 550 mm and 700 mm with an optimum of 600 mm.

115 Aysre o trersr o ls ocriga .. n eis f he ies r es curn t acag o lvli afor bloyo ro adsc hne f ee n lo, acn r of n uh like, need only comply with Table 1. The other poi r v sions of this sub-section do not apply in s c uh css ae. 1 1 6 For tapered treads, the going should .. conform with par. 1.1.4 when measured as follows () a if the flight is narrower than 900 mm, measured in the middle, and if the flight is 900 mm or wider, measured 270 mm from each side.

Headroom
1 1 9 Headroom over the whole width of any .. stairs, measured as shown in Diagram 2, should gnrlyb ntls ta 2m I tecneso o a eeal e o es hn . n h ovrin f loft where space is limited, headroom measured at tecnr o tesar sol b ntls ta 19m h ete f h tis hud e o es hn . but may reduce to not less than 1.8 m at the side of tesar i teei amnrpoeto. h tis f hr s io rjcin

() b

Diagram 2

Measuring headroom

Pr 119 a. ..

Landings
1.1.13 A level landing should be provided at the tp ad bto o eey fih ecp ta a lnig o n otm f vr lgt xet ht adn may not be necessary between a flight and a door if te ttl rs o te fih i nt mr ta 60 m h oa ie f h lgt s o oe hn 0 m and the door slides or opens away from the steps. The landing may include part of a floor. The width adgigo telnigsol b a lata geta n on f h adn hud e t es s ra s tesals wdho tefih. h mlet it f h lgt

A lat t es 2m A lat t es 2m Landing Fih lgt

Minimum headroom A lat2m t es

Pthln o sraeo rm ic ie r ufc f ap Landing

Widths of Stairs
1.1.10 Private stairs should have a clear width of not less than 800 mm. In the case of semi-public and pbi saras tegiac cnandi Tcncl ulc tiwy, h udne otie n ehia Guidance Documents B - Fire Safety and M - Access frDsbe Prosapis o iald esn ple.

1.1.14 Landings should be clear of permanent obstruction. A door opening on to a landing should b s pstoe ta teewl b acersaeo a e o oiind ht hr il e la pc f t lat te fl wdh o te fih bten te do es h ul it f h lgt ewe h or sigadtefih. I tecs o piaesar,te wn n h lgt n h ae f rvt tis h lnig a te bto o a fih my b rdcd i adn t h otm f lgt a e eue n lnt poie a cer sae o a lat 40 m i egh rvdd la pc f t es 0 m s maintained between the flight and the door swing (see Diagram 4 for examples).

Length of Flights
1.1.11 There should not be more than sixteen rsr i ay oe fih. A fih cnann oe o ies n n n lgt lgt otiig n r to rsr i piae sar sol b stae a te w ies n rvt tis hud e iutd t h bto o tesar. otm f h tis 1.1.12 In places of assembly to which large numbers of people have resort, there should be no more than two consecutive flights each having a maximum of twelve risers, without a change in direction of at least 30 between flights (see Diagram 3).

Diagram 4

Landing next to Pr 111 a. ..4 door - private stairs

At least 400 mm Landing Door

Door

Loft Conversions Diagram 3 Change of direction P r 1 1 1 a. ..2 in places of assembly

A lat t es sara tiwy width Fih lgt
Sar tis width

Fih lgt

Landing Agea nl t lat3 0 es 0

1.1.15 Spiral stairs with goings less than recommended in Table 2 of BS 5395 Part 2 : 1984 and alternating tread stairs would not normally be regarded as acceptable. However, they may be considered in the conversion of a loft where space is limited and the stairs serves only accommodation which will be used infrequently and, where the accommodation includes only one habitable room. Atraig ted sar sol b i srih fihs lentn ra tis hud e n tagt lgt, have handrails on both sides and the treads should

hv si rssat srae. Te gig ad rss fr ae lp eitn ufcs h ons n ie o the wider parts of the steps should conform with pr 114 a. ...

Further Guidance
1.1.21 Further guidance on stairways and ladders is gvni tefloigie n h olwn: I.S. 158 : 1987 Closed String Wood Stairs;

Fixed Ladders
111 ..6 A fxd lde sol hv fxd hnris ie adr hud ae ie adal on both sides. It should not be used as the primary access to a habitable room. BS 585 : Part 2 : 1985 Specification for performance requirements for domestic stairs constructed of wood-based materials; BS 5395 : Part 1 1977 (1984) Code of practice for tedsg o srih sar; h ein f tagt tis BS 5395 : Part 2 : 1984 Code of practice for the dsg o hlcladsia sar; ein f eia n prl tis BS 5395 : Part 3 : 1985 Code of practice for the design of industrial type stairs, permanent ladders and walkways; BS 6180 : 1982 Code of practice for barriers in and aotbidns bu ulig; B 69 : Laig fr bidns : Pr 1 18 Cd S 39 odn o ulig at : 94 oe of practice for dead and imposed loads; B 75 :19 Seiiainfrlf ldes S 53 92 pcfcto o ot adr.

Handrails
1.1.17 S a r s o l h v a h n r i o a l a t o e tis hud ae adal n t es n sd i i i 10 m wd o ls. I sol hv a ie f t s 00 m ie r es t hud ae hnri o bt sdsi i i wdr Hnrissol adal n oh ie f t s ie. adal hud be at a height of between 840 mm and 900 mm, measured vertically above the pitch line, and give firm support. A handrail may form the top of the gadn i te hih i sial. Te hnri sol urig f h egt s utbe h adal hud be so constructed and fitted as to be capable of being readily gripped by hand and safely used. Handrails may not be necessary beside the two bto seso piaesar. otm tp f rvt tis

Guarding
1.1.18 S a r s o l b g a d d a t e s d s e c p tis hud e ure t h ie, xet where the total rise is no more than 600 mm, in which case guarding may not be essential. Suitable guarding would include a wall, screen (including gaig,riigo blsrd. lzn) aln r autae 1.1.19 Guarding should be designed and built in such a way that it does not present unacceptable risks of accidents in service. Where guarding cnan gaig i sol b i acrac wt te otis lzn, t hud e n codne ih h recommendations of BS 6262 Part 4. In addition, uls te sar ae ulkl t b ue b cide nes h tis r niey o e sd y hlrn under five years of age, guarding should be so constructed that a 100 mm diameter sphere cannot ps truhayoeig i tegadn adta i as hog n pnns n h urig n ht t wl nt b raiy cibbe Wee a ct srn i il o e edl lmal. hr u tig s used, the triangular space formed by tread and riser is allowable, provided the bottom edge of the balustrade is not more than 50 mm above the nosing ln. ie 1.1.20 The heights of guarding are set out in Diagram 5.

Sub-section 1.2 Ramps

1 2 1 A ramp should be so constructed that the .. slope does not exceed 1:20, except in the case of an idvda fih te lnt o wih i nt getr niiul lgt h egh f hc s o rae than 9 m, when the slope may be greater. Under no circumstances should the slope exceed 1:12. 1 2 2 Ramps and their landings should have .. clear headroom throughout of at least 2 m (see Diagram 2). 1 2 3 A ramp should be clear of permanent .. obstructions. A door should not swing across the soigpr o ayrm. lpn at f n ap

Diagram 5

Guarding design
STRENGTH HEIGHT

Pr 112 a. ..0

BUILDING AND LOCATION

Stairway, ramp Snl fml delns ige aiy wlig Landing For bloy lo, acn, ro of Stairway, ramp Fcois&wrhue atre aeoss (ih tafc lgt rfi) Landings and edges o for f lo Rfrt ee o BS 6399 Pr 1 at Rfrt ee o BS 6399 Pr 1 at

840 mm 900 mm 1100 mm 900 mm h 1100 mm h

Ohrrsdnil te eieta, isiuinl ntttoa, euainl ofc ad dctoa, fie n pbi bidns ulc ulig

Allctos l oain

Rfrt ee o BS 6399 Pr 1 at

90m frfihs 0 m o lgt, elsewhere 1100 mm

530 mm in front of fxdsaig ie etn Pl c o a s m l ae f seby Alohrlctos l te oain

800 mm (h1) Rfrt ee o BS 6399 Pr 1 at h1 90m frfihs 0 m o lgt, elsewhere 1100 mm (h2) h h2

Re a l s o ti hp

Allctos l oain

Rfrt ee o BS 6399 Pr 1 at

90m frfihs 0 m o lgt, elsewhere 1100 mm

1 2 4 Private ramps should have a clear width of .. not less than 800 mm. In the case of semi-public and public ramps, the guidance contained in Technical Guidance Documents B - Fire Safety and M - Access frDsbe Prosapis o iald esn ple. 1 2 5 A ramp less than 1000 mm wide should have .. a handrail on at least one side. It should have a hnri o bt sdsi i i wdr Hnrissol adal n oh ie f t s ie. adal hud be at a height of between 840 mm and 900 mm, maue vrial,adgv fr spot Ahnri esrd etcly n ie im upr. adal may form the top of a guarding if the height is suitable. The handrail should be so constructed and fte a t b cpbe o big raiy gipd b itd s o e aal f en edl rpe y hn adsfl ue. ad n aey sd

1 2 6 A landing should be provided at the top and .. bottom of every ramp. Landings should be level, except where they are formed by the ground, in which case they may slope up to 1 : 50 provided that te gon i sial pvd A lnig my icue h rud s utby ae. adn a nld pr o a for Te wdh ad lnt o te lnig at f lo. h it n egh f h adn sol b a lat a get a te sals wdh o hud e t es s ra s h mlet it f the ramp and doors should open away from landings. However, a door swing may encroach on landing space at the bottom of the ramp in a dwelling as dsrbdi pr 111. ecie n a. ..4 1 2 7 Ramps and their landings should be guarded .. at the sides in the same way as stairs (see pars. 111 t 112) ..8 o ..0.

Section 2 Pedestrian and Vehicle Barriers

P o e t o f o f l i g K2 rtcin rm aln. I abidn,tesdso eeyforadbloyadeeypr o aro t n ulig h ie f vr lo n acn n vr at f of o which people normally have access shall be guarded to protect users from the rs o fligteerm ik f aln hrfo. I abidn,tesdso eeyvhce rm adeeyforadro t wih n ulig h ie f vr eil ap n vr lo n of o hc vhce hv acs salb gaddaantters o vhce flig eils ae ces hl e ure gis h ik f eils aln therefrom. 25 . Guarding should be designed and built in such a way that it does not present unacceptable risks of accidents in service. Where guarding cnan gaig i sol b i acrac wt te otis lzn, t hud e n codne ih h recommendations of BS 6262 : Part 4.

Vhcerms for eil ap, los adros n of.

K3

Introduction
21 . BS 6180 : 1995 Code of practice for barriers i adaotbidns gvsavc o gnrldsg n n bu ulig, ie die n eea ein and construction of balustrades and protective brir i adaotbidns ares n n bu ulig. Paragraphs 2.2 to 2.9 give some guidance on good practice insofar as it relates to non-complex buildings of normal design and construction.

Diagram 6

Guarding design at window

Pr 24 a. .

Pedestrian Guarding
22 . Guarding should be provided to the sides of ay pr o a rie for gley bloy ro o n at f asd lo, alr, acn, of r any other place to which people have access (unless access is only for the purpose of maintenance or repair). Guarding should also be provided to the sds o rie for o vhce prs i bidns ie f asd los f eil ak n ulig, ramps used for vehicle access, sunken areas next to bidns ad ay smlr ae wee i i ncsay ulig n n iia ra hr t s eesr for the safety of persons in or about a building. Guarding may not be essential where the total dfe i f rence in level is 600 mm or less. Guarding n e s ed n t be provided to places such as a loading bay o a o r stage where it would be incompatible with normal ue s. 23 . Suitable guarding would include a wall, screen (including glazing), railing, parapet or balustrade. Guarding should be at least the height shown in Diagram 5 and should be capable of resisting the horizontal force given in BS 6399: Pr 1 apida tehih son at , ple t h egt hw. 24 . Guarding is required for any window the sill of which is less than 800 mm in height above floor level. Where the window is capable of being opened, special care must be taken to ensure that tegadn ms rmi i paeadefciea al h urig ut ean n lc n fetv t l times (see Diagram 6).

800 mm min,

26 . Uls te bidn i ulkl t b ue b nes h ulig s niey o e sd y cide udr fv yas od gadn sol b s hlrn ne ie er l, urig hud e o constructed that a 100 mm diameter sphere cannot ps truhayoeig i tegadn adta i as hog n pnns n h urig n ht t wl ntb raiycibbe. il o e edl lmal

Vehicle Barriers
27 . If vehicles have access to a floor, roof or ramp which forms part of a building, barriers should be provided to any edges which are level with or above the floor or ground or any other route for vhce (e Darm7. eils se iga )

Diagram 7

Barrier siting

Pr 27 a. .

Vhcebrir eil are

28 . Any wall, parapet, balustrade or similar obstruction may serve as a barrier. Barriers should be at least the height shown in Diagram 8.

Diagram 8

Barrier design

Pr 28 a. .

A i B s n S 6399 A i B s n S 6399 Brir are

Floor or ro lvl of ee

A lat t es 610 mm Brir are A lat t es 375 mm

Ramp level

(a) ANY BUILDING: FLOOR OR ROOF EDGE

() ANY BUILDING: b RAMP EDGE

2.9 In a vehicle park, which will not be used by vehicles of more than 2.5 tonnes and where the vehicles will not be moving at speeds of more than 16 km/h, barriers should be capable of resisting forces set out in BS 6399 Loading for buildings Part 1: 1984. If the vehicle park will be used by heavier vehicles or by vehicles moving at a higher speed than 16 km/h, the relevant recommendations of BS 6180 : 1982 Code of practice for barriers in ada n bout buildings should be followed. ,

10

Standards and other references

I.S. 158 : 1987

Closed String Wood Stairs

BS 585 Wood stairs Part 1 : 1989 Specification for sar wt coe rsr fr dmsi ue icuig tis ih lsd ies o oetc s, nldn straight and winder flights and quarter or half landings AMD 6510 BS 585 Wood stairs Part 2 : 1985 Specification for performance requirements for domestic stairs constructed of wood-based materials BS 4467 : 1991 Guide to dimensions in designing for edrypol lel epe BS 5395 Stairs, ladders and walkways Part 1 : 1977 (94 Cd o patc fr dsg o srih sar 18) oe f rcie o ein f tagt tis AMD 3355; AMD 4450 BS 5395 Stairs, ladders and walkways Part 2 : 1984 Cd o patc fr te dsg o hlcl ad sia oe f rcie o h ein f eia n prl stairs AMD 6076 BS 5395 Stairs, ladders and walkways Part 3 : 1985 Code of practice for the design of industrial type stairs permanent ladders and walkways B 57 Bidn cntuto - sar Pr 2 : 17 S 58 ulig osrcin tis at 98 (1988) Modular co-ordination : specification for co-ordinating dimensions for stairs and stair openings BS 6180 : 1995 Code of practice for protective brir i adaotbidns ares n n bu ulig BS 6262 Glazing for buildings Part 4 : 1994 Code of practice for safety Human impact BS 6399 : Loading for buildings: Part 1 : 1984 Code of practice for dead and imposed loads AMD 4949; AMD 5881; AMD 6031 BS 7553: 1992 Specification for loft ladders AMD 7417

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